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which igneous intrusions have been made in great profusion. There
are thin bands of the schist separated and cut by intruded sheets and
diJvelets of igneous material. The Thomaston granite gneiss under-
lies a strip half a mile wide south of Aspetuck village along Aspe-
tuck River, and also most of the area west of Saugatuck River, It is
a medium-grained granite and a typical one in that it is composed
essentially of quartz, feldspar, and black mica, with small amounts
of other minerals. Metamorphism has given it a gneissic texture
that is marked by the concentration and parallel orientation of the
mica flakes in certain planes. The Danbui';\- granodiorite gneiss
underlies part of the valley of the West Branch of Saugatuck River
and a small area west of Aspetuck River and north of the village of
Aspetuck. It is similar to the Thomaston granite gneiss except
that hornblende rather extensively replaces the mica.
All the bedrock of Weston carries water in the same way.
The rocks are very compact, and no interstitial water is to be obtained
from them. However, they are traversed by intricate networks of
fissures that cut and connect with one another. These fissures are
far more abundant in the upper 200 feet than below. It is to be
expected that wells drilled 200 or 300 feet into rock will cut one or
more fissures and obtain fair supplies of water that has percolated
down from the overlying mantle of earth. No such wells have been
made in Weston as far as the present investigation shows.
Till. — ^^The bedrock of Weston is everywhere covered with till ex-
cept in small areas where the bedrock outcrops in ledges, and along
some of the streams where there are deposits of stratified drift. Till
is a dense, compact deposit composed of the debris scraped up, ground,
and transported by the glacier. Rock flour, clay, silt, and sand form
a matrix in which are embedded pebbles, cobbles, and boulders.
In general there is no systematic arrangement of the material, and it
is perfectly heterogeneous. In some places there are lenses from
which the finer particles have been washed away, increasing the po-
rosity of the residue. Water that has fallen as rain or melted from
snow in part soaks into the ground and tends to saturate it by filling-
all the pores. There also is a tendency, particularly on steep slopes,
for the water to seep away, leaving the upper part of the till dry. In
general wells dug in the till to a reasonable depth will jdeld moderate
supplies that will fail only rarely. Those wells that intersect porous
lenses in the till are apt to be the more satisfactorj". Unfortunately
there is no way of detecting the presence of such lenses except by
actual excavation. During October, 1917, 33 wells dug in till were
measured in Weston. One was found to be dry, 11 more were said to
fail, and 18 to be nonf ailing: the reliability of the remaining wells
could not be ascertained. The data collected are given in detail in the
table on pages 108-109 and are summarized in the following table ;
WKSTON.
Sum III a III of //•(7/s- ilii[/ in till in Weston.
107
Tolal
depth.
Deplh
to water.
Depth
of water
in well.
Fed.
2H.7
H.O
17.7
Feet.
2:i. H
(i.2
14.4
Feel.
s.o
.a
3.0
^Sti'af'/fed (Jr/ff. — The areas of stratified drift in Weston are shown
on the map (Ph II). These water-hiid deposits are compo.sed of the
leworked and sorted constituents of the till and are to be considered
as the products of the stream in whose valle^^ tliey lie. The particles
composing- the till have been sorted out. The boulders and bigger
stones have been left in place, but the sand and still finer grains have
been carried away. Most of the finest materials, the clay and silt,
have been carried out to sea, but the others have been deposited at
points where the current was slow. The larger pebbles and cobbles
were deposited with less slowing of the current than were tlie smaller
ones. Inasmuch as the velocit}^ varied not only from place to place
but also from time to time at any one place, lenses and beds of differ-
ent-sized material were laid one on another in very irregular succes-
sion. Stratified drift carries water in the same manner as till, but
because of the elimination of the smaller particles it has a greater
percentage of pore space and the pores are hirger. The ground-
water circulation is therefore much more rapid, and stratified drift
Avells yield more abundant supplies. Six such wells were visited in
AVeston. Five of them are said to be nonf ailing and only one to fail.
The data collected are given in detail in the table on page 109 and are
summarized in the folloM'ing table:
tSuiiriHuri/ of ivcUs diitj in stratified drift in Weston.
Total
depth.
^- ^^^^- : in well.
Feet. Feet. Feci.
33.7 30.7 3.0
15.6 13.7 j 0.3
25.1 23.4 1 1.7
1
QUALITY OF GROUND WATER.
The subjoined table gives the results of two analyses and four
assays of samples of ground water collected in the town of Weston.
The waters are all low in mineral content, very soft, good for use in
boilers, and, so far as may be determined by their mineral content,
acceptable for domestic use. All are sodium-carbonate in type.
108 GROUIsTD WATER IN NOEWALK AND OTHER AREAS, CONIT.
Chemical composition and classification of ground ivaters in Weston.'^
[Parts per million. Collected Dee. 8, 1916; analyzed by Alfred A. Chambers and C. H. Kidwell. Num-
bers of analyses and assays eorresiiond to those used on PI. II.]
Analvses.''
Assays. <
30
34
Siliea(SiOo)
Iron (Fe)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Sodium and potassium (Na+K)''
Carbonate radicle (CO3)
Bicarbonate radicle (HCO3)
Sulphate radicle (SO4)
Chloride radicle (CI)
Nitrate radicle (NO3)
Total dissolved solids at 180° C
Total hardness as CaCOs
Scale-forming constituents d
Foaming constituents^
Chemical character ■. .
Probability of corrosion e
Quality for boiler use
Quality for domestic use
17
Trace.
6.6
2.0
9.8
.0
28
15
2.3
5.0
75
(i25
40
26
Na-COs
(?)
Good.
Good.
25
.18
3.9
2.0
14
.0
30
6.6
12
.18
67
dl8
40
38
Na-COs
N
Good.
Good.
0.14
0.10
Trace.
Trace.
12
.0
38
6.0
2.6
6.0
3.4
.0
34
6.0
3.0
10
.0
32
7.0
2.8
d71
18
45
30
Na-COs
N
Good.
Good.
d64
16
40
20
Na-COs
N
Good.
Good.
20
4c
20
Na-COs
N
Good.
Good.
<i67
18
45
30
Nat-COs
N
Good.
Good.
"For location and other descriptive information see pp. 108-109.
''For methods used in analj'ses and accuracy of results see pp. 52-60.
c Approximations; for methods used in assays and reliability of results see pp. 52-60.
d Computed.
« Based on computed quantity; (?)=eorrosion uncertain, N=noncorrcsive.
RECORDS OF WELLS AND SPRINGS.
Only one spring (No. 11, PL II) was visited in Weston. It is on
a hillside and its water is piped by gravity to the house below.
WcUs dug in till in Weston.
No. on
PI. TI.
Owner.
Topographic
situation.
Eleva-
tion
above
sea
level.
Total
depth.
Depth
to
water.
Depth
of
water
in
well.
Rig.
Remarks.
1
Slope
do
Feet.
360
390
340
370
425
310
315
270
330
400
380
425
425
350
250
215
315
155
295
190
300
420
360
315
Feet.
8.9
22.5
22.6
24.8
15.3
22.5
16.6
11.7
11.6
10.9
28.2
21.5
13.7
15.6
13.8
11.5
11.6
16.3
11.8
17.2
18.4
21.0
28.7
17.7
Feet.
6.9
21.8
18.9
'i4V4'
21.7
14.8
9.0
7.4
6.2
23.2
18.4
1L2
15.3
12.0
7.9
9.7
14.6
7.7
14.9
15.1
16.4
23.8
12.3
Feet.
2.0
0.7
3.7
Dry.
0.9
0.8
1.8
2.7
4.2
■ 4.7
5.0
3.1
2.5
0.3
1.8
3.6
1.9
L7
4.1
2.3
3.3
4.6
4.9
5.4
Chain pump
do
Fails.
2
Do.
3
...do
Windlass rig
Two-bucket rig. .
do
Nonfailing.
Fails.
4
....do
5
. ...do
Do.
6
do
do
Do.
7
do
do
Nonfailirig.
Do.
8
.do
do
9
do
do
Do.
10
do
. .do
Fails.
12
do
\Vin41ass rig
Chain pump
Sweep rig
Two bucket rig. .
do
Do.
14
. .do
Do.
15
do
16
do
Do.
17
.do
Nonfailing.
18
19
Lafayette Beers
do
do
Sweep rig
Windlass rig
House pump and
two-bucket rig.
do
Nonfailing.
For analysis see
p. 108.
Fails.
20
21
F. W. Hawly..
do
Swale
Plain
Knoll
Slope
Hilltop
Slope
Nonfailing.
Do.
, 22
23
Mary L. Fanton
Two-bucket rig.
House pump and
windlass rig.
M^indlass and
counterbal-
ance rig.
do
Nonfailing. For
assay see p. 108.
Nonfailing.
24
Do.
26
Fails.
27
John R.Cole...
do
Nonfailing.
For analysis see
p. 108.
WESTPOKT.
109
W<llfi (Itti/ in fill in AVcslon — Continued.
No. on
PI. U.
Owner.
Topographic
situation.
Eleva-
tion
above
sea
level.
Total
depth.
Depth
to
water.
Depth
of
water
in
well.
Uig.
Remarks.
2S
do
Feet.
325
315
190
280
100
225
230
110
Feet.
21.0
21.0
17.5
20.8
m. 4
15.4
14.5
24.8
Feet.
10.7
Feet.
4 3
Two-bucket rig..
Wheel and axle
rig-
Two-bucket rig..
..do
29
...do.
17.7 3.3
Nonfailing.
Fails. For as-
say see p. 108.
Nonfailing.
Nonfailing. For
assay see p. 108.
Nonfailing.
Do
30
31
Mrs. Sutum
do
HIateau
Slope
do
16.3
12.8
12.8
12.6
10.3
23.8
1.2
8.0
3.6
2.8
4.2
1.0
34
3:.
(!. Jacob!
Deep-wellpump
andhousepump
One-bucket rig..
Two-bucket rig..
Windlass rig
3r>
Ho
37
do
Do
Wells dug in stratified drift in Weston.
^-™| owner.
1
i
Topographic
situation.
Eleva-
tion
above
sea
level.
Total
depth.
Depth
to
water.
Depth
of
water
in
well.
Rig.
Remarks.
13
25
Slope
Feet.
180
ISO
80
95
130
125
Feet.
15.6
31.0
2,817
33.7
21.5
20.3
Feet.
13.7
30.7
2.5.8
30.7
20.1
19.6
Feet.
1.9
.3
2.9
3.0
1.4
. 7
Two-bucket rig.
Windlass rig . . .
Two-bucket rig.
do
do
Plain
Slope
do
Plain
do
Fails.
32
Nonfailing.
Do.
Nonfailing. For
assay see p. 108.
Nonfailing.
33
38
Harriet B.Cciey
39
Windlass rig . . .
WESTPORT.
AREA, POPULATION. AND IXDU.STKIES.
Norwalk Chronicler