Ground Water in the Norwalk, Suffield, and Glastonbury Areas, Connecticut

1,6 2.4 2.3 5.8 5.6 8.0 1.6 12.3 4.1 8.3 2.4 6.9 3.3 10.1 1.4 2.6 5.3 1.1 2.6 1.1 1.9 0.4 Chain pump Chain prnnp and house piunp. Chain piunp do do Two-bucket rig Deep-well pump. . Windlass rig No rig Two-bucket rig Chain piunp House piunp Two-bucket rig do Non failing. 3 Do. 4 do...... Do. 5 6 7 8 9 do Do. ;;:::::::::::... Hill Slope do Do. Fails. Hill Slope do do Do. 10 Do. 12 13 Do. Nonfailing. Nonfaiiing. For analv.sis s?e p. 101.' Do. 16 17 S. L. Pierpont do do 19 1 do Fails. 20 1 do Chain pump do 92 1 . do 24 do do.... Nonl'aiUng. Rock 25 do Two-bucket rig do.. bottom. Do. 26 do 27 do Do. 29 Ridge Slope Swale Slope do Two-bucket rig Windlass rig do Fails. 30 31 torn. Nonfailing. Fails. 33 Chain pump Two-bucket rig Chain pump Two-bucket rig Windia.s.s rig Chain pump do 34 Nonfailing. Fails. 3S do 36 do Do. 39 do NonfaiEng. Fails. 42 43 do . do 44 do Nonfailing. Fails. 45 do Two- bucket rig 46 L. D.Conley Plain Slope do do 47 Two-bucket rig — do do Fails. 48 49 JohnH. Pinch... Nonfailing. For assav seo p. 101. Fails. 50 do Chain pump do Do. 51 do 52 . . do do Fails. 54 The Bailey Inn... Ridge Plateau — do .. do Nonfailing. Do. 55 do 56 Sweep rig and house pump. Chain pump House pump Two-bucket rig do Nonfailing- Abandoned. 57 E. S. Conch ....do 58 do assay see p. 101. Nonfailing. Rock bottom. Do. 59 Slope....... Ridge Plateau — Slope do 60 61 do Do. 62 Wheel and axle rig. Wheel and axle rig and house pump. Two-bucket rig do Do 63 Do. 64 do Do. 65 do 66 do Chain pump Windlass rig 67 .... do Do. 68 do 71 Slope Knoll Slope Chain pump Sweep rig and house piunp. Wheel and axle rig. 72 73 Nonfailing. For assay see p. 101. 1 Rept. Connecticut Public Utilities Commission, 1917 lULHiEFlELI>. WcU^ dun '» lilrati/'ud drifl in lililuvficUL 103 N<\ (111 ri. 11. L.D.Conley. Seth Heer.^ Ti)ii(i;ra]iiru .-;il:;;iti()ii. Slope.. do. do. Plain.. Slope . . Plain.. Slope. . Kleva- 1 ion Tol;il Dopdi Depth aliove sea Unol. depth. to water. of water. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 575 14.4 13.0 1.4 640 ■ 14. S 13.1 1.7 OoO 14.2 13.3 0.9 470 18 3 15 455 15.0 11. S 4.1 445 13.2 7.7 .5.5 ' 330 14.0 11.6 2.4 Two-bucket rig .... Fails. Windlass ri? Do. Two-bucket rig. («) Nonfailinc. Chain pump. . . . AVindlass rig \ Do. Two-bucket rig i Konfaiiing. For I assay see p. 101. o Tiiis well was originally a sprine and was Improved by means of a drive pipe. Yields 1,500 gallons an liom- or 25 gallons a minute. Drilled ;rr?/.s' in Ridficfirld. c c Owner. Topo- graphic situa- tion. o ft ■a O .is o o ft p °| ft" 1 a S ft-g Kind ofroc-k. Ilomarks. 1 M Ben .Xichols Kidgcfield School. S. L. Pierpont — Town ''arm Slope.... ...do ...do do. . . . Fed. 590 720 560 640 530 800 800 720 Feet. t05 210 389? 4.50 300 537 551 03(1 75 Feet. 0 Feet. 13 In. 0 6 6 GaU. 15 (a) 30 (ineiss do Limestone .... . .do J>ored well. Do 15 1'^ 0 3 Bored well. For analysis see p. 101. ft Water very hard. Abandoned. 9S Ridgefield Water Supply Co. A. B. 'Hepburn Mrs. Wra. Jenner. Lawi-ason Riggs . . Connecticut Con- struction Co. Plain.... Plateau. ...do ...do 300-h 40 40 0 0 50 50 (0 Oranitegneiss. do do 40 41 53 (/) 25 25 s s 8 Sf^ " -\bundant. .'i.Vnumberoizonesof dark limestone were found in tlie liglit-eolored limestone. Eac'a of tliese beds yielded some water. cTliree wells, each about 300 feet deep, were attempted. The section encountered was in general 40 to 60 feet of alluvium, 10 feet of clay, and the rest sand. No water was found beneath the clay. rf These wells, Nos. 40 and 41, probal>ly draw their water from the same fissure as pumping in one draws do'WTi the level of tlie water in the other. eThe water stands at from 130 to 250 feet below the surface and varies with the seasons. / Not recorded on map. Data from U. S. Geoi. Survey Water-Supply Paper 102, p. 12S, 1904, said to flovv with head of 2 feet. Spri>ui-'< iu h'idf/fficJd. No. on PI. II. Owner. Topogi-aphic situation. Elevation above sea level. Tempera- ture. Yield per mmute. Remarks. 11 Slope Swale Brookside Feel. 620 635 6.50 "F. Oallons. i 2 i 5 Piped to horse trough. 23 Supplies four houses. 32 49 40 48 («) R. A. Bryan 1 Water from granite. Water from granite. » (a) Chas. Holly 1 1 a Not shown on map. Data from U. S. Geol. Survey AVater-Supply Paper 102, p. 150, 1904. tiFor analysis see U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 102, p. 154, 1904. 104 GEOUND WATEE IIsT XOEWALK AND OTHEE AEEAS, CONN. WESTON. AREA, POPULATIOX, AND IXDUSTRIES. Weston is an agricultural town situated in the western highlands near the center of Fairfield County, Conn., and in the second tier of towns north of Long Island Sound. The town is roughly rectan- gular in shape, 3| b}^ 6 miles in dimensions, and has an area of a little o^er 20 square miles. About 11 square miles, or 55 per cent, of the total area is wooded. Most of the woodland is in small patches, but in the northeastern part of the town there is one nearly continuous area of woods covering about 8 square miles. The territory of ^^'^eston was taken from the town of Fairfield in 1787 and incorporated as a separate town. In 1910 Weston had 831 inhabitants, and the density of the population is 42 to the square mile. The following table shows the fluctuation of population since the organization of the town, and the per cent of change of each census period. Population of, Weston, 1790-1910.'^ Year. Popula- tion. Per cent change. Tear. Popula- tion. Per cent change. 1790 2,469 2,680 2,618 2,767 2,997 2,561 1,0,56 1860 1870 1880 1890.. 1900 1910 i,n7 ! 1,054 918 772 840 ! 831 -1- 6 1800 +9 _2 + & + 8 — 6 1810.. 1820 -13 —16 1830 + 9 1840 — 1 1850 a Connecticut Register and Manual, 1919, p. 641. The decrease in the decade from 1830 to 1840 was due to the ces- sion of territor}^ to form part of Westport, and the further decrease in the following decade was due to the separation and incorporation of the whole of Easton. Barring these two irregularities, the popu- lation has shown onh^ slight gains or losses. In the last 50 years the losses have preponderated, probably owing to the general shift of people from the agi'icultural portions of New England to manu- facturing toAvns and to western farming regions. It is probable that when Wilton and Westport have been more fully developed 'as country-residence districts dependent on New York, Weston will fol- low a like course of evolution. This development may begin in 10 or 15 years, and a considerable gain in population may be shown for some time. The population will probably never be large as long as the present lack of transportation facilities continues. At present there are four small villages in the town — Weston, in the valley of the West Branch of Saugatuck Eiver near the west boundary; Northfield, on the hill a mile east of Weston; Lyon Plain, stretched WESTON. 105 out along 2 miles of the valley of Saiioatuck Eiver near the south boundary; and Valley Forge, near the northeast corner and also on Saugatuck River, There are about TO miles of roads in the town. Railroad connection is made at Wilton and (leorgetown on the Dan- bury branch of the New York, New llavcn it Hartford llailroad. Mail is carried by rural delivery from Westport. SURFACE FEATURES. The western highland of Connecticut, of which Weston is a part, is the product of two cycles of erosion. In the first cycle, which was nearly complete, the region was reduced to a nearly fiat plain. In the second cycle, caused by uplift and tilting of the plain, rather deep and narrow valleys have been cut below the old erosion surface. The valleys of Saugatuck River and its West Branch and of Aspetuck River are of this type. The flat-topped hills, which in the south part of the town are 340 to 380 feet above sea level and in the north part r-00 to 600 feet above sea level, are remnants of the plain that was eroded in the first cycle. These to]3ographic features are the prod- ucts of erosion, but the flat flood plains along Saugatuck River at Lyon Plain and above Yalley Forge and along West Branch north of Weston village are depositional features. The greatest elevation in Weston is 620 feet above sea level and is found at two points on the north boundary. The least elevation is where Saugatuck River crosses the Westport town line at 45 feet above sea level. With the exception of a small area in the northwest part of the town that is tributary to Norwalk River, all of Weston l>elongs in the drainage basin of Saugatuck River. A strip three- quarters of a mile wide along the east border is drained by Aspetuck River, which joins Saugatuck River half a mile below the Westport boundary. A strip 2 miles wide in the west part of Weston which comprises 7| square miles is drained by the West Branch of Sauga- tuck River, which flows into its master stream just below xVspetuck River. The main branch of Saugatuck River drains a strip 1 to 2 miles wide through the center of the town, which has an area of 10^ square miles. A number of brooks, including Kettle and Beaver brooks, enter the Saugatuck from the w^est, but only a few from the east. W^ATER-BEARING FORMATIONS. Gneiss and schist. — Most of the bedrock of Weston is a gneiss of igneous origin. In the northeast corner there is some Berkshire schist, but it is of negligible extent. Waterbury gneiss underlies a strip half a mile wide along the divide between Saugatuck River and the Aspetuck. This rock is a light to medium gray schist into i 106 GROUND WATER IK Is'ORWALK AND OTHER AREAS, CONN.