Norwalk Gazette, Wednesday, December 16, 1840 · page 1

 

 

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Volume XXIV.
 _
THE NORWALK GA ZETTE

Is Publis/ted
EVERY WEDNESDAY MORNING,

 

BY
JAMES REED. JR.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTON.

Village and Mail Subscribers $2 per annum,
payable in advance.
Subscribers who live out ofthe Carricr’s district
and callat the Office for their papers, 31 50
in advance-at the end ofthe year. $52 00
Companies of si1. or more, receiving their pa-
pers by mail.$1 50, payable in advance.
RATES OF ADVERTISING.
For one square, or 16 lines, 3 weeks, 81 00
Each following insertion, 13$

.Exccutor's and Atlministrator’s Notices. 1 00

Commissioner's notices, 1 25

Guardians‘ Notices,and Notices of Divorce, by
the square.

Yearly advertisers. one square. $s'1er annu_rn,
payable quarterly in advance. . 'l‘he priv-
ilege ofyearly advertisers is limited to their
own immediate business.

All casual advertisements sent to this Oliice
must, to insure insertion, be accompanied
by the cash.

Job Printing,

0 F A I. I. K i N D s ,
MEATLY EXECUTED AT THE GAZETTE OFFICE.

DENTAL NOTICE.
OCT. A. HII-L, thankful forthe patronage
he has received in his profession during
512 months past, in Norwalk, begs leave to in-
form the public, that he still continues a_ few
doors west of the Bridge, in Burrall’s Buildings,
where he will be happy at any time to See his
friends, and answer all their calls in Dental
Surgery. . .
liicorruptible teeth inserted from one to a
full set. Also, teeth cleansed. S0Pi1Ffll9<l- 9}-'-
tiaeted, &.c., and all those diseases of the teeth
attended to, which, if suffered to continue, are
productive of so much mischief.
Referenccs.—Emery Bissell, M. D.; 3- D-
M‘Lean, M. D.; Hon. Thoinas B. B.ttler;
Hon. Benjamin lsaacs, Norwalk. Nehemiah
Perry, M. D. Ridgefield. R. B. Botsford. M.
D.; Doct. D. P. Knapp. Danbury. Doct.
Howell Rodgers, Colchester. Ct. William
Vvitter, M. D. Williamantic, Ct.
November 20. 1839. 1

NORTVALK MARBLE YARD.

trv tmmiiiinn utuuuiixmruniniari

 lllllJlllllllll-.

HIS long established concern is still con-
tinued by its old propietors. E. PRlC_E 55
Soxa, at the old stand j-.ist North of the Bridge,
who are prepared to execute orders for Monti-
mcnts of any description, in white or variegated
marbles, Tomb stones. Hearth stones, Paint
stones and Mullers, Marble Facings. Sinks,
Soap and Free stones. From the large supply
of marble which they have always on hand.
the aid of skilful and ingenius wprkmen. and the
facilities acquired by long experience, the wants
of the public in this line, can be met on advan-
tageous and satisfactory terms.

Orders will be received at the above yard, or
at the branch establishment in Port Chester, New
York. or by either of the following persons, viz:

Brutoniizr Kaunas, New Canaan-

Auousrus LYON. Horsetieck.

Dr. N. D. HAIGIIT, North Stamford.

Hr-zuav JACKSON. Bedford.

Joint BR!-ZMNIIR. Catharine Market, N. Y.

Specimen Monuments may be seen at‘theYar.d.

A large assortment of North River 1* lug. suit-
able for Hearth stones or walks.—Also, for sale
a quantity of Long Island Sand.

E. PRICE & Sous.

Norwalk, August 10, I840. N39

CABINET FURNITURE.
JAMES A. TINDALL
would respectfully inform the
inhabitants ofNorwalk and its
vicinity, that he has recently
opened a CABINET WARE
ROOM a few doors north of
. ‘- J. Hooker’s market, where he
intends to keep on hand a general 8S50|’lmem
ofFUR.NI'I‘UR.E. manufactured of the best
miit'erials,andin the most modern style, which
he will sell on reasonable terms.
Norwalk. April 27. 1840. 25

CABINET FURNITURE.

THE subscriber, gratefulfor past

favors. would solicit a continuance

of the same. He is constantly man-
gufacturing Furniture ofall kinds, of

the best materials. and will keep on

hand a good assortment. not to be excelled by
-any country establishment for cheapness. dum-

' ' k l' .
“my. or war mans up CHAIRS constantly on

A good assortment of h _
hand, or furnished to order at thcs orlesl nolice

for cash. .
The subscriber would also offer Cabznet

Makersin-this vicinity. and "1 ‘he '"“"‘°" an
opportunity to purchase Mahog8"_)’ Llfmbert
such as‘ Plank, Board. and Veneeriflgi '" °’E'
change for their Furniture. He will sell this
stock at New York prices, and give good prices
for Cabinet Ware. This arrangement offers to
many, who do not wish to purchase :o a great
amount. a first rate opportunity of getting their
stock. and saving expense in time and money.
Call at the Cabinet Ware Room. 21 few rods
east ofthe Bridge. ‘Witt. A. BARLOW.
Norwalk. May 16, 1840. 53

" OIL.

UPERIOR winter LAMP OIL, by the
barrel or less quantity; Linseed do.; Whale
do. for sale by WM. C. S’1‘ltEE'l'.

WHITE LEAD.

.5"
I .

i
I
l

 

 

KEGS No. 1. and Extra Lead, for sale
by WM. C. S‘I"ittiE'1‘.

TWO -DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

FAJTIILY GROCERIES.
JUST RECEIYICD.

THE Subscriber has on hand an
extensive assortnieiit of choice Gro-
' ccrics for families, which were pur-
chased at the lowest cash prices. which enables
him to compete with any other establishment.
and to sell his goods very cheap for ready pay.
Old customers as well as the public generally,
will find it to their advantage to drop in satisfy
themselves. EDWIN Locxxvoon.

Norwalk. May 27. 18-10. 28
FAITIILY GR OUER Y.

. THE subscriber would inform his
friends, and the publicgenerally,that
he keeps constantly on hand, at the
 store3 tloorsiiorth oftlic, mill,a good
a ssortuient of the best of FAMILY GROCE-
RIES, which he will sell on the most reasonable
terms. In his assortment may be found tiie
following articles : Loaf, while and brown Ha-
vana, St. Croix. Porto Rico, and New Orleans
Sugar; St. Croiz, Porto Rico, New Orleans,
and sugar-house Molasses; hyson,young liyson,
souchotig and pouchoug Teas; old Java, Lagui-
ra, Cuba, and Porto Rico Coffee; wheat and
rye Flour; Corn Meal, Pilot Bread, soda bis-
cuit, butter and sugar crackers, rice. pork and
beef hams, mess and prime pork, dry and pick-
led cod, mackerel. lierrings. sounds and tongues,
butter, cheese, lard, soap, sperm and tallow
candles, salt, starch, indigo, pepper, pimento,
nutmegs. cinnamon, cloves, tnace, citron, gin-
ger, dried currants, raisins, pea nuts, almonds,
filberts, brazil tints. figs, prunes, tamarinds, or-
auges, lemons, honey, pepper sauce, sweet oil,
pot and pearl ashes, saleratus, cut and plug to-
bacco, snulf, sega rs, shoe brushes, scrubbing do.,
brooms, wrapping and writing paper, water
pails, sand, and all other articles usually found
in a grocery establishment.

Gounn D. JENNINGS.
Norwalk. May. 1840. 27

NewEstahIishmerit

IIartlwa.i'c, Cutlery/, Iron, Steel, Nails,
Prtiiits, Oils aml Glass

THE subscriber has taken the store formerly

occupied by Wm. J. Street, and recently
by Norman Andrews, where he intends keeping
a general assortment of

Hardware, Cutlery, Iron, Steel, Nails,
Paints, Oils and Glass.
Among his assortment may be fottnd, door,pad.
trunk, chest, box and till Locks; sqare, long,
American and Norfolk Latches; broad, long,
table, brass and parliament Butts; Screws;
cabinet trimmings; hand, buck. wood. X cut and
mill Saws; double. single and cut Plane Irons;
frame, morticingand farmers’ Chisels; Angers,
auger and centre Bitts; mill, wood, flat, round
and taper files; neck, square, flat and round

 

 

Bolts; Knives and Forks; butcher, bread, shoe,
pocket and pen Knives; window 5: door Springs;
batters’, tailors‘, Italian, sad, toy andpgffitig
Irons. Frying and sauce Pans, Griddles, Spi-
ders, Shovel and Tongs, &c. Carpenters Planes,
Brace and Bitts, trying Squares, Levels, mark-
ing Gauges. steel and iron Squares; cart and
wagon Tire ; square and flat Swceds Iron;
round and square American do ; English do ;
English blister, cast. German spring and Amer-
ican Steel ; nail rods, horse nalls, band and
hoop iron, sheet lead, nails of all sizes-—wrouglit
do.

Vl’hite, red and black Lead ; English autl
Venetian red ; spruce, French, and chrome
yellow; litlierage,umbcr, etc; linseed, fish and
sperm Oil: coach and cabinet Varnish; Jap-
pan; 6x S,7x9.Sx 10,9x 1],9x]2,9x13.
10 x 14, 10 x 15, 11 x 16 and 12 x 16 Glass, be-
sides many other articles too numerous to meti-
tion. W. C. S'i'nni:'r.
Norwalk. Oct. 23, 1840.

Great Bargains
AT THE OLD WELL.

UST recsived a full assortment of superior
middling and low priced Broad Cloths Cas-
siineres and Satinetts ofthe most approved fin-
ish ; Pilot Cloths. white and red Flannels, Mc-
rinos, French. English and American Prints.
new styles; Brocha and Belvidere Shawls; blk
blue hlk, and col’d Silks; Bombaziucs. &c.
and all articles usually called for in a country
dry goods store, which will be sold very cheap
for cash by T. L. <’S£J. R. PECK.
Oct. 28, 1840.

Cheap Groceries.
E YSON, Young Hyson. Hyson Skin, Sou~

chong and Pouchoug Teas; New Orleans
St Croix. brown Havanna, loaf and crushed Su-
gars; Molasses; Jziva Laguira and Cuba Cof-
fee; Flour, Butter, Cheese, Lard, Rice, Mack-
erel, Shad, Codfish, Pork and other articles gen-
erally found in a grocery store, which will be
sold low for cash by T. L. 65 J. R. PECK.
Old Well. Oct. 1840.

BRICK ! ! BRICK ! ! !
Hard and pale Brick

 for sale at the Old

Well Landing by T. L. 6: J. R. PECK.
Old Well. Oct. 28. 1840.

READY IVIADE CLOTHING.
JUST received by the subscriber. at his store
a few rods east of the Bridge, a general as-
sortment of Spring and Summer Clothing.
which are offered much cheaper than they can
be manufactured in the country for ready mo-
ney. Enwm LOCKWOOD.
Norwalk. May 27, 1840. 28

Cheap Crockery
AT THE OLD WELL.
ERSONS who are in want of Crockery at

reduced prices willdo well by calling upon
the subscriber who have in store a large assort-
ment saved from the wreck of the ship Aretliusa,
which will be sold lower than can be purchased
at any other establishment in the county by

Oct. 28. 1840. T. L. & J. R. PECK.

SOAP, CANDLES, (5-0.
10 boxes Brown Soap—10 boxes mould,
dip and sperm Candles——5 boxes Starch,
for sale by the box or less quantity by
Old Well, Nov. 6. T L 6: J R PECK.

‘ UST receivedand for sale at retlticed prices.
400 lbs. Copperas 300 lbs. Sal. Soda
200 lbs. Salteratus 200 lbs. Pearlash

300 lbs. Epsom Salts, by _
Nov, 4. E. 65 W. E. BISSELL.

UG.-\R LOAF S'l‘OVlC——-smgill size, for
sale cheap. Enquire at this office.

NonW.4.LK, CT.

PRESIl)EN'l"S IVIESSAGE.

1lIcssa.gcfi'o'/7t’ (lie Prcsirlciit of the U. Slates,

to Me two Houses of Congress, at the com-

mencement of the Second Session of the

tweizty/-Six!/I. Congress.
Ft~:i.Low Ci'i'tzi-:Ns ()I-‘ THE S1-‘..‘\'A'I‘E

AND Ilousic or RI-11’Rl-2SEN'I‘A'l‘lVES1'

Our devout gratitude is due to the Supreme
Being for having graciously continued to our
beloved country, through the vicisiludes ofan-
other year, the invalnabla blessings of health,
plenty and peace. Seldom has this favored
land been so generally exempted frotn the rav-
ages ofdiscasc, or the labor of the liusbantlnian
more amply rewarded; and never bofore litive
our relations with other countries been placed
on a more favorable basis than that which they
so happily occupy at this critical juncture-in
the affairs of the world. A rigid and persever-
ing abstinence from all interference with the
domestic and political relations of other States,
alike dueto the genius and distinctive character
of our government and to the principles by
which it is directed; a faithful observance, in
the management of our foreign relatious,of the
practice ofspeakitig plainly, dealiugjustly, and
requiring trtitli andjustice in return, as the best
conservatives of the peace or nations; rt strict
impartiality in our manifestations of friendship,
in the commercial privileges we concede, and
lbosc we require from others; these, accompa-
nied by El disposition as prompt to maintain, in
every emergency, our own rights, as we are
from principle averse. to'the invasion of those
of others, have given to our country and go-
vernnicnt a stantlirgio the great family of tra-
tioiis, of which we havejust cause to be pt'0lH,.
and the advantages of which are expcricnceil
by our citizens tlirotighout every portion oftlite
earth to which their enterprising autl adventu-

WEDNESDAY, DECEIVIBER 16, 1840.

been ratified by the Belgian government, will
be duly laid before the Senate. it is a subject
of congratulation that it provides for the satisfac-
tory adjustment of a long-stantiitig question of
controversy; thus removing the only obstacle
which could obstruct the friendly and mutually
atlvaritageoiis intercoiirse between the two nu-
iiotis. A messenger lias.been despatched with

the Hanoverian treaty to Berlin, whereaccoitl-
mg to stipulation, the ratifications are to be ex-
changed. I am happy to announce to you that.

afier many delays and ditliculties. a treaty of
riommerce and navigation, between the United

States and Portugal. was concluded and signed

at Lisbon, on the 26th of August last, by the

plenipoteniaries ofthe two gtiverniiients. Its

stipulations are founded upon those principles of
mutual liberality atid advantage which the Uni‘

ted States have ‘always sought to make the ba-

sis of their intercourse with foreign powers, and

it is hoped they will tend to foster and strength-

entliccomniercial intercourse of the two coun-

tries.

Under the appropriation of the last sessions
ofCongress, an agent has been sent to Germany
fortlie pttrpose of promoting the interests of ottr
tobacco trade.

The commissioners appointed under the con-
vention for the adjustment of claims of citizens
of the United States upon Mexico having met
and organized at \Vashingtou,in August last, the
papers in the possession of the government, re’
lating to those claims, were communicated to
the board. he claims not embraced by that
convention are now the subjects of negotiation
between the two goverutnents, through the me-
dium ofour minister at Mexico.

Nothing has occtirred to disturb the harmony
of our relations with the different governments
of South America. I regret, however, to be
obliged to inform you that the claims ofour citi-
zens upon the late Republic of Colombia have

rous spirit may carry them.
main iusenstble to the value ofour friendsliip.
or ignorant ofthe Ierins on wliichit can be ac-
quired. and by which it can be alone preserved,

A series of questions of lotig standing, dith-
ctilt in their adjustment. and important in their
conseqticnces, in which the rights of our citi-
zens and the honor of the country were deeply
involved, have, in the courselofa few years,(thc
most oftlicm dtiring the successful administra-
tion of my ini inetliate predcccssor,) been brought
to a satisfactory conclusion; and the most im-
portant oftliem are, I am happy to believe, in
a fair way of being speedily and satisfactorily
adjtisled.

With all the Powers ofthe world our relations
are those of honorable peace. Since your ad-
journment. nothing serious has occurred to in-
terrupt and threaten this desirable harmony. If
clouds have lowered above the other hemis-
phero, they have not cast their portentous shad-
ows upon our happy shores. Bountl by no en-
tangling alliances, yet linked by a common na-
ture and interest with the other nations ofman-
kind. otir aspirations are for the preservation .f
peace, in whose solid and civilizing lrititnphs
all may participate with a generous emulation._
Yet lt uebooves us to be prepared for any evetit,
and tobe always ready to maintalii tliosejust and
enlightened principles of national intercourse,
for which this government has ever contended.
In the shock of contending empires, it is otily
by assuming a resolute bearing, and clothing
themselves with defensive armor that neittral
nations can maintain their independent rights.
The excitement which grew out ofthe territo-
rial controversy between the United States and
GreatBritain,having in it great nteasuresubsidetl,
it is hoped that a favorable period is approach-
ing forits final settlement. Both governments
must now be convinced of the dangers with
which the question is fraught; and it must be
their desire, as it is their interest, that this per-
petual cause ofirritation should be removed as
speedily as practicable. In my last annual
message you were iuforrned that the proposition
for a comtiiissitiii of exploration and survey
promised by Great Britain had been re-
ceived, and that a counterproject, including a
sole provision for the certain and fitial adjust-
ment of the limits in dispute, was then before
the British government for its consideration.-
The answer ofthat government, accompanied
by additional propositions of its own, was re-
ceived through its minister here. since your
separation. These were promptly considered;
such as were deemed correct in principle. and
consistent with a due regard to tbejust rights of
the United States and of the State of Maine,
concurred in: and the reasons for disentirig
frotn the residue, with an additional suggestion
on our part, communicated by the Secretary of
State to Mr. Fox. That Minister. not feeling
himselfsufficieutly instructed upon some ofthe
points raised in discussion, felt it to be his duty
to refer the matter to his own governrnent for
its further discussion. Having now been for
some time under its adviseinem, a speedy an-
swer may be confidently expected. From the
character of the points still in difference, and the
undoubted disposition of both parties to bring
the matter to an early conclusion,I look with en-
tire confidence to at prom pt and satisfactory tet-
minatiou of the negotiation. Three commis-
sioners were appointed shortly alier the adjourn-
ment of Congress. under the act ofthe last ses-
sion providing for the exploration and survey of
the line which seperates the States ofMaine and
New Hampshire from the British Provinces;
they have been actively employed until their
progress was interrupted by the inclemency of
the season, and will resume their Iaborsas soon
as practicable iii the ensuing year.

It is understood that their respective examin-
ations will throw new light upon the subject in
controversy, and serve to remove any erroneous
impressions which may have been made else-.
where prejudical to the rights oftheUnitedStates
It was. among other reasons, with a view of
preventing the embarrassments which. in our
peculiar system of government, impede and
complicate negotiations involving the territorial
rights ofa State, that I thonglit it my duty. as
you have been informed on a previous occasion,
to propose to the British government, through
its minister at VVashington, that early steps
should be taken to adjust thepoints at difference
on the line of boundary from the entrance of
Lake Superior to the tnost northern point ofthe
Lake of the Woods, by the arbitration of a
a friendly Power, in conformity with the Sev-
enth Article ofthe Treaty ofGhent. No answer
has yet been returned by the British government
to this proposition.

VVith Austria. France. Prussia, Russia, and
the remaining Powers of Europe, I am happy
to iuiform you our rc-l'Jllons continue to be of
tire most friendly character. \Vith Belgium. a
treaty ofcoiiimcrcc and navigation, based tip-
oii liberal principles of reciprocity and_equali-
ty. ':is concluded in March last, and, having

1‘ CW. Iran)’: '9"-All-it yet been satisfied by the separate govern-

ieuts into which it has been resolved.

.‘ The charge tl’affaires of Brazil having ex-
[iressed the intention of his government not to
prolong the treaty of 1828, it “ill cease to be
obligatory upon either party oulhe 12th day of
December, 1841, when the extensive commer-
cial intercourse between the U. States and that
V0381 empire will no longer be regulated by ex-
press stipulations.

ll affords tne pleasure to cotnmuiiicatc_to you
tho‘! the government of Chili has entered int.o nu
agtfeement to indemnify the claimants in the
case of the Macedonian, for American property
sei'zed in 1819; and to add. that iuforination has
also been received whiclijustilies the liopeofan
early adjustment ofthe remaining claims upon
tbzit government.

The commissioners appointed in pursuance of
the convention between the U. States and Tex-
as. for marking the boundary between them,
have, according to the last report received from
our commissioner, surveyed and established the

whole extent of the boundar north along the
western bank or tiie Saninerivcr. ironi its en-

trance into the Gulfof Mexico to the 32d degree
of north latitude. The commission adjourned
on the 16th ofJunelast, to reassenibleon the 1st
of November, for the purpose ofestnblishing ac-
curately the intersection of the 32d degree of
latitude with the western bank ofthe Sabine,
and the meridian line thence to Red river. It
is presumed that the work will be concluded in
the present season.

The nresent sound condition ofthcir finances,
and the success with which cmbarrassmcnts in
regard to them. at timesapparently insurmount-
able. have been overcome, are matters upon
which the people and government may well
congratulate themselves. An overflowing trea-
sury, however it may be regarded as an evi-
dence of public prosperity, is seltlom conducive
to the permanent welfare of any people; and
experience has demonstrated its iticompatibility
with the salutary action of political institutions
like those of the U. States. Our safest reliance
for financial efficiency and independence has, on
the contrary, been found to consist in ample re-
sources nnencumbered with debt; and, in this
respect, the Federal government occupies a siti-
gnlarly fortunate and truly enviable position.
\Vl:en I entered upon the discharge of my of-
ficial duties in March, 1837, the act for the dis-
iribution ofthe surplus revenue was in a course
of rapid execution. Nearly ‘$28,000,000 of the
public moneys were, in pursuance ofits provis-
zons, deposited with the States in the months of
January, April and July oftliat year. In May
there occurred a general suspension of specie
payments by the banks, including, with very
few exceptions, those in which the public nio-
neys were deposited, and upon whose fidelity
the gevcrnment had unfortunately made itscif
dependent for the reventies which had been col-
lected from the people, and were indispensable
to the public service. This suspension. and the
excesses in banking and commerce out of which
it arose, and which were greatly aggravated by
its occurrence, made, to a great extent, unavail-
able the principal part ofthe public money then
on hand; suspended the collection of many mil-
lions accruing on merchants‘ bmids, and greatly
reduced the revenue arising frotn customs and
the publicland. These effects have continued to
operate, in various degrees, to the present peri-
od; and in addition to the decrease in the reve-
nuetlius produced, two and a half millions of
dollars have been relinquished by two biennial
reductions under the act of 1833, and probably
as much more upon the iinportatiou ofirou for
railroads, by special legislation.

Whilst such has been our condition for the
last four years in relation to the revenue, we
have, duringlhe same periotl, been subjected to
an unavoidable continuance of large extraordi-
nary expenses necessarily growing out of past
transactions, and which could not be immediate-
ly arrested without great prejudice to the public
interest. Oftliese, the charge upon the Treasu-
ry, in consequence of the Cherokee treaty alone,
without adverting to others arising out of Indi-
an treaties, has already exceeded five millions
ofdollars; that for the prosecution of measurcs
for the removal of the Seminole Itidians, which
were found in progress, has been nearly fourteen
millions; and the public buildings have requir-
ed the uuusual sum of nearly three millions.

It affords me, however, great pleasure to be
able to say, that from the coiiimencemeiit of
this period to the present day, every demand
upon the government, at home or abroad. has
been protnptly met. This has been done, not
only without creatinga permanent debt, ora re-
sort to additional taxation in any fomi, but in
the midst ofa steadily progressive reduction of
existing burdens upon the people. leaving still a
considerable balance of available funds Wl'll('.ll
will remain in the Treasury at the ettd ofthe
year. The small amount of Treasury notes,

r L

-till outstaiiding. and less by twenty-thrce mil-
lions than the U. States littve in (leposite _witli
the States. is coinposctl of such only as are not
yet due, or have not yet been presented for pay,-
fl1f‘lll. Tliey may be redeemed out of the ac-
cruiiifx revenue, ifthe expeudittires do not exceed
the amount within wliich they may, it is tho’t.
be kept, '.vitliti.tit prcjtitlicc to the public interest,-
and the revenue shall prove to be as large as
tiiay justly be anticipatetl.

‘Among the reflections arising from the con-
templation ofihcse t-imuiiistanccs, tint‘, not the
least gratifying. is the ('0lla‘Cl0USnCSS that the go-
vernment hatlthe resolution and the ability to
adhere. in every emergeiicy, to the sacred obli-
gations of law; to execute all its cotitracts ac-
corditig to the reqtiirenients of the constitution;
and thus to present. iilicii most ll0('.(lt,‘tl; a rally-
ing point by which the business of the whole
country might be brought back to a safe and
unvaryingstandard—a result vitally important
as well to the interests as to the morals of the
people. There can surely now be no tlillercuce
ofopiniou in rcgardto thc incalctilable evils that
would have arisen ifthe government, at that crit-
ical moincui, had suffered itself to be deterred
from upliolding the only standard of value. ci-
thcr by the pressure of adverse circumstaiices or
the violence of unmeritctl denunciation. The
manner in which the people sttstairicd the per-
liiriiiaticctiftliis duty was highly honorable to
their fortitude aiitl patriotism. It cannot fail to
stimulate their agents tozitllierc, under all cir-
ciiiiistaiiccs. to the line of duty; anti to satisfy
them of the safety with which a course really
right, and demantlvd by n financial crisis, may.
in u tomiritinity like ours, be pursued. however
apparently severe the iiiiinedinte operation.

Tue policy of the federal government. in ex
iinguisliing as rapidly as possible the tia-
tiotial debt. and.subsequciitl ', in resisting every
temptation to create a new one, deserves to be
regarded in the same favorable light. Among
the many olijeclions to a na:iunal debt. the (‘ef-
tain tendency of public securities to concentrate
ultimately in the ('(ilIi:t'S of foreign stockholders,
is one which-is every day gathering strength.
Already have the resources of many ofthe states,
and the future iutlustry of tiicii citizciis. bccu
iudcliiiilcly tnortgagctl to the subjects of Euro-
pean govcrutnents, to the amount of twelve
tnillioiis uniiutilly, to pnytho constantly accru-
ing interest of borrowed mouey—a sum exceed-
ing halftho ortiiiiary revenues of the whole U.
States. The pretext which this relation allbrds
to liircigucrs to scrutinize the managemctit of ottr
domestic allairs. ifuot actually to intcrmcildlc
with thetn. presents a sudj-.-ct for earnest atten-
tion, tiot to say of serious alarm. I"ortuuatcly
the fctlcial govertinicnt, with the cxccptinn ofnu
obligzitinn entered into in behalf of the District
of Colunihia, which must sooti be tliscliarged, is
wholly exetttpt from any such cmliarrassnicut.
It is also, as is believed, the only government
which, having fully and faithfully paid all its

credittirs, has also relieved itsclfcntircly fmiri
Ut:t)t.. to maintain adistinction so desirable,

and so honorable to our national character,
should be an object of earnest solicitude. Ne
ver should a free people, if it be possible to avoid
it. expose themselves to the necessity of having
to treat ofthe peace. the honor, or the safety of
the republic. with the governments of foreign
creditors, who, however well disposed they may
be to cultivate with us in general friendly rela-
tions, are nevertheless, by the law oftheir own
condition, made hostile to the success and perina-
nency of political institutions like ours. Most
humiliating may be the cmbarrassments consc-
quent upon such a condition. Anotherobjcctiou
scarcely less formidable to the cotiitneucctncnt
ofa new debt, is its inevitable tendency to in-
crease in magnitude, and to foster national ex-
travagance. He has been an unprofitable ob-
server ofevcnts, who needs at this day to be ad-
monished ofthe dilliculties which a government,
habitually dependent on loans to sustain its or-
dinary expenditures. has to encounter in resist-
ing the idfluences constantly exerted in favor of
additional loans, by capitalists who enrich them-
selves by government securities for amounts
much exceeding the money they actually ad-
vance—-zi prolific source of individual aggrantl-
isement. in all borrowing countries; by stock-
holders, who seek their gain by the rise and fall
of public stocks; and by the selfish importutiitics
of applicants for appropriations for works avow-
cdly for the accommodation of the public, but
the real objects of which are, too frequently, the
advaiiceiiicut of private interests. The known
necessity which so many of the states will be
under, to impose taxeslor the paymentof the in-
terest of their tlcbts, furnishes an additional and
cogent reason why the federal governmeutshould
refrain from creating a national debt, by which
the people would be exposed to double taxation
for a similar object. We possess within on rsclvcs
ample resources for every emergency; antl we
may be quite sure that our citizens. in no future
cxigeucy, will be now illing to supply the gov-
ernment with all the means asked for the defence
of the country. In time ofpeace there can, at
all events, he nojustification for the creation of
a permanent debt by the federal government —
Its limited range of constitutional duties may
certainly, utider such circumstances, be perform-
ed witliottt such a resort. It has, it is seen, been
avoided during four years of greater fiscal dith-
ciilties than have existed in a similar period since
the adoption of the constitution, and one also re-
markable for the occiirretice of extraordinary
causes of expenditures.

But. to accomplish so desirable an object, two
things arointlispensable: first that the action of
the federal government he kept witliiti the hon ud-
aries prescribed by its founders; and, secondly,
that all appropriations for objects admitted to be
constitutional, and the expenditure ofthem also,
be subjected toa standard of rigid but well-con-
sidered and practical economy. The first de-
pends cliiefly on the people themselves. the
opitiions they form of the true construction ofthe
constitution, anti the confidencethey repose in
the political sentiments of those they select as
their representatives in the Federal Legislature;
the second rests upon the fidelity with which
their immediate rcpresentativts and other public
functionaries discharge the trusts committed to
them. The duty of ccouotnizing the expenses
ofthe public service is adtriitted oti all hands;
yet there are few subjects upon which there ex-
ists a widcrtlilfcreiice ufopiuiontliau isconstantly
manifested in regard to the lidclity with which.
that duty is discliarged. Neither diversity of
sentiment nor mutual recriminatit-ns_ upon a
point in respect to which the public ll')InLl.lS so
justly sensitive, cart well beentirely nvnitlerl;
and least so at periods of great political excite-
nicut. An intelligent people, however. 5‘-‘ll_l0m
fail to arrive, in the etitl, at correct conclusntis
in such matters. Practice. economy in the mati-
agement ofsuch affairs can have no adverse in-

not exceeding four and a lialfmillions of dollars,

[Luci-icc to contend with mere powerful than a

OFFICE VVEST SIDE TI-IE BI-llIDGE—OVER HOYT’S STORE.

Number .5.
large surplus revenue; and the iinusnnlly large‘
apprcpriationsof ]S37'may, without doubt. in-'
tlcpelftletllly of tho cxtra0'r(.'ir't'ary reqiiisitions for
the public service growing out ofthe state of our
liitlian relations, be, in no iuconsiderabledegree.
traced to this source. The sudden and rapid dis-
Irihtition ofthe large surplus then in the Treasu-
ry, aiitl the equally sudden and tinprcccdentedly
sevcre revulsion in the commerce and business
of the country. pointing with unerring certainty
to a great anti protracted reduction ofthe revenue,
strengthened the propriety ofthe earliest practi-
cable reduction of the public expentliturcs.

But, to change a‘ system operating open so
large a stirface, and applicable to such numer-‘
tins and diversified interests and objects was more
than the work of a day. The attention of every
department ofthe government wasimmediately,
and in good faith, directed to that end, and has
been so continued to the present moment. The‘
estimates antl approprizitioiis for the year 1838‘
(the first over which I had no control) were*_
so'iii'ewh':‘it tlimiuishctl. The expenditures of
I839‘ were reduced six millions of dollars.-—
'l‘hose of ]Srl0, exclusive of tlisburscmciits liir

-public debt and trust claims. \\lll probably not

exceedtwenty-two and a half millions--being’
between two and three millions less than those
of the preceding year, and nine or ten millions-
lcss than those of 18:57. Nor lias it been found
necessary, in order to produce this result, to re-
sort to the power conferred by Congress, ofpost-r
potting certain classesof the public works, ex-
ccpl by deferring expenelittircs for a short period
tipou a limited portion of tliem—and which
postpotiemeiit terminated some time since, at
the iiiotnent the Treasiiry Department, by my.
ther receipt from the indebted banks became ful-
ly assured ofthe a iility to meet them without
prejudice to the public service iii.otlier respects.
Causes are in operation which will. it is believed,-
justify a still further reduction, without injury to
any important national interest. .-The expenses
of sustaining the troops in Florida have been
gradually atid greatly reduced. by the persever-
ing eflbrts ofthe \VarDt-.partm'rnt’;‘-and a rea-
.<o.iable hope may be entertained that the neces-
sity for military o'perat‘ions in that quarter will
soon cease. The removal of the Indians from
within ourscttlcd borders is nearly completed.
The pensiori list. one ofthe heaviest charges tip-
on the Treasury, is rapidly dirrriuisliing by death.
The most costly of our public buildings are ei-
ther finished or nearly so; and we may,I think,
s.'ifcl_V promise ourselves a continued exemption
from border tlitiicultics. ' ' H
The available balance in the Treasury on the
1st ofJnnuary next is estimated at one million
and a half ofdollars. -_T-his sum, with the ex-‘
pccted receipts, from all sources during the next
year, will, it is-believed, be sufficient to enable
the Govcrnincn: to meet evcrycngagcment, and
lciivea suitable balance in the Treasury at the
end ofthe year, ifthe remedial measures con-
nected with the ctvstorns and the public lands,
linrt»hifixrnzuil-xiznanunJe4l, el\t.\'.l. ho adoptcfl," and

fthe new a‘p'pro.priatiniis by Congress shall not ca-v
ry the‘ expenditures beyond the official estimate.

The new system established by Congress
for the _s'a‘fc-keeping of the public money,
prescribing the kind of currency to be re-
cctived for the public revenue and providiurr
additional guards and securities against loss?-
es, has now been several months in operation.
Altlioiigh it might be premature, upon an
experience of such limited duration, to form
a definite opinion in regard to the extent of
its inflticnces in correcting many of the evils
under which the federal government and the
country have hitherto suffered-—-especially
those that have grown outof banking expan-
sions, it depreciated currency, and official dc-
falcations; yet it is but right to say that no-
thing has occurred in the practical operation
ofthe system to \\'C:lli'Cn in the slightest dc-
grcc, but much to strengthen, the confident
anticipritions of its friends. The grounds.of
these have becii thct"cfoi'c so fully explained
as to require no recapitulation. In respect to
the facility and convenience it affords in con-
ducting the public service. and the ability of
the government: to discharge through its
agency every duty attendant on the collection,
transfer, and disbursement of the public mo-
ney with promptitude and succcss,I can say,
with confidence, that the apprehensions of
those who felt it to be their duty to oppose its
adoption, have proved to be unfounded. On
the contrary, this branch ofthe fiscal afliiirs
ofthe governmr.-nt has been, and it is believ-
ed may always be, thus carried on with eve-'
ry desirable facility and security. A few
changes and improvements in the details of
the system, without affecting any principles
involved in ‘it, will be submitted to you by
the Secretary ofthe Treasury, and will. Iam
sure, receive at your hands that attention to
which they may, on examination, be found to
be cnt.itled. .

I have deemed this brief summary ofour
fiscal afliiirs necessary to the due perform-
ance of a duty especially enjoined upon me
by the constitution. It" will serve, also, to
illustrate more fully the principles by which
I have been guided in reference to two cott-
tested points in our ptiblic policy, which were
earliest in their development, and have been
more important in their consequences, than
any that have arisen under our complicated
and difficult, yet admirable, system of gov-
ernment: Iallude to a national debt and a
national bank. _ ‘

It was in those that the political contests
by which the country has been agitated ever
since the adoption of the constitution, in_a
great measurepriginatcd ; 5; there is too much
reason to apprehend that the conflicting in-
terests and opposing principlcs thus marshal-
lcd, will continue, as heretofore, to produce
similar, if‘ not aggravated, conscqiiciiccs.

Coming into office the declared enemy of
both, I have earnestly encleuvored to prevent
a resort to either.

The consideration that a large public debt
aflords an apology, and produces, in some
degree, a iieccssity, also for resorting to a
system and extent of taxation which is not
only oppressive thi'ot1,r__rhout, but likeivise so
apt to lead, in the end, to the coinmission of
that most odiotis of all offences against the
principles of republican government-—-the
prostitution of political power, conferred for
the general benefit. to the tiggrandizcment of

particular classes, and the gratification of ‘in-