‘ and to hand down to the enthusiastic praises
_ ll!nl‘t,'StI'9l1gll1 of muscle, and good fighting
V.~.rs«i.-- in the it-t'i wing arseiial.
‘Senators from Conn.) I-Ion. THO’S '1‘. \V 1-HT-
-..-n—~v.__.. ,. _ .7. _.....
size and more mature wood. At three feet
apart each way an acre of ground contains
4,90.) trees; at eighteen inches one way and
three feet the other, 9,000; and at one foot
apart in the row and the rowsthree feet apart,
14,700; allowing the groundto be square as
there are square yards. in consequence ofthe
V rows on each side occupying the outside ofa
S(ltI“tl‘v:‘. For exzirnple, two rows oftrees
three feet apatt ouch, may be put on a
giounl three feet wide.
TH/E “ DIMMOCRACY”
Of r/re Si;z:l.-’i Wrml, New York.
We regret that want of room compels us
to omit most of the very pertinent comments
of the News, upon the character of the Pa-
Seine
triots whose names are given below.
(four readers will recognize an Oltl acquaint-
ance in the list, who “ bears his blushing
' honors thick upon him l"
From the New York Nczt'.s-
ELECTION MA-.\'USCRI[’TS.--—NEWL'£
, COVERED PATRIOTS. '
A Sl1'1‘1ll note book,.labclled on the outside
with the letter "- F,” with red imitation ino-
DIS‘
an J... him.’
~~~
Mr. Layden should know‘ his own character.
And, truly, be is a patriot of thefirst water.
The recommendations he has received from
so many other great patriots would be
enough to assureus oftbat, even if it had not
been so set down by Mr. Layden himself.
John ]VIcZl’[a}ian. a man of family. residing in
Mulberry near Cross street. store 181 Clmiham
sirert—-is Clial"lnUl't ofthe sixth ward committee.
He has an extensive circle ofacquaintauce, and
can exert a great influence among them if he
feels so ilisposed. '
Daniel .’l’IcU2zncIl~_2/. a married man. residing
at the corner ol'Elni and Pt‘-.1|'l street. will do all
he can to retleenitbe sixth ward from the \Vliig
inisriile at the approaching election. He is I!
grind elcctioneert-r..— ls doing nothing at present
in bosiness—was formerly an active and useful
iucinbc-r nftlie party in the 2d ward.
Jolnz 1llr:.7lT¢2-nus. ll young man. irieclianic,
rcmly to go to almost any lengths for the party.
Rt aitli nee at
‘Dennis Ifoi-,2,-e, ii g.-mil and substantial man,
rctuly for any hard service. resides at
uni st. I
Putrz't'/5 f[‘inia.w , a young man. mechaiiic. of
high spirit and strong muscle. belongs to a
siauucli deiiiucriiiic fire company. (No. 6) and
can bring out a strong fighting force at ti titu-
meni’s notice. Ije slioulrfbe taken care of for
the approaching election. Residence 13 Centre
sireci.
rocco cover, and its pages alpliabt-ticully ar-
raiigeil, like the index to a ledger, was pick-
el up in the street in the early part of last
week. It s ‘ems to have been the property of
a Z-.'21lOllS.'1ll'l ardent :idniii'ei‘ of modest merit,’
and to contain—a due regard being paid to
the 11lpll.'$i)~.'l.lC.'tl. zii'i‘ai'igeiiieiit of its pages-ii
list oftlie l]2l".lt‘S ofthe most noble, patriotic,
and -‘H'11ll.ilJlC of the d-snizt-us of the 6th
\V.-ird, together with E1 brief, but comprel1eu-
sire description of their shining cptalititis.
In hope of putting the owner and probable
author of the ho-.,-rk, in the right train fortlie
recovery of liisvaluahle property, togctlier
with :1 liuilable wish to rescue from oblivion.
and i‘evercu«:e of posterity, the namcs of the
p.itriots who grace its pages, whose existence
llll_}‘l‘it otherwise, probably, have been en-
tirely unknown to a majority oftheir intelli-
gent countrymen, we have concluiled to pub-
lish the whole of the legitimr-.te contents of
the little book, in our columns. The reader
will observe th RI the great requisites of a true
patriot juJ-_;ing from the description of this
newly discovered genius, is stoutness of
qualities; this, however, is notto be wonder-
eii at, as the geniiine lover of his country
ought to he pi-ep.ii'ed to serve her as well in
the field as in thecouucil chamber.
But our readers are impatient to peruse
the descriptions of these new candidates for
future glory, and we will no longer detain
them from that gintificatioii.
Andrew C'u'rinufl_i/ grocer. 96 Orange street.
about 27 vears old—a good and serviceable per-
sou to recriiii and direct a certain class of voters
in his own f]El_‘_'llI)0l'l)t)t)tl; he is. Iain led to
think, honest and arduous in our cause. He is
a niarrierl iiian.
Bernartl Conway. a single inau,custom house
night watt-h. a .~ervit-eable, hardy and thorough
going ll.‘-‘lll~|Cl‘}il. resirling at Orange st. is ready
l(1[')t*il'l‘-ti’!!!-‘lily duties that may be required of
him. in his p-iwer. l
Georgi.‘ S. Cartel;/ou. aged about 30. a person
of .'lllli'l] mp-rix-rice in political affairs-—use.ful
in lll']I‘)~'l any ll'vllll('.'ll niaii(2uvre——-is good at
|:t3~'l;’l'_' :i :'-‘ii.--i-I. wriiiiig res-nluiion-. oi‘ talking
1‘: .-i.':. lle tin-4 rr‘t‘%‘llll_y been ili.-ii:litir_ge.ul fro...
ii‘](= .;.i‘i.-i== lit‘ lIt‘itl iiiiulei‘ (Jinn. Arciilnfiils. by
lite new ‘vViii_; (Jo:iiiiii~'-my (z‘e-ncrul. A. Clie'.-ud-
irr. .'ilr (,.iil'lo»l_\,‘i).l will prove u very useful
stun : - gr: r-i..ii.l_ilie. ward. or in almost any ca-
p.ii~ii_~,». H» is in ipticeni t-ircuinsteiiccs. "Re-
He is a man of
.f.'i='=i.~.'. -
.'iS cm-t~iiiil_v is a patriot not to -be
sn.-c.-ze,-.l zit ; and possesses a great versatility
oltileiit “ Oi'gi'e-at political expei‘ience"—-
“us:-ful in ?.llllO:l any political ii‘iau<2uvre”
—-us fill " in almost any capacity.”
f=Vi(liwn C/2.~_i/slut. a stout serviceable man,
lives in Orange street‘
Peter L. Fzcriy. aged about 28, Secretary of
the \Vzird Comniiiii-e. resides 22185 Mulberry st.
and is a married man. He is very influential
among young men. among whom he has an
exieiisive at-quniuiance, and if properly set to
can do a great service in the Democratic
1iLl out uftlie 6ili Ward. being uucoin
nd easy in iusiuuiiting liiirisclfinio
cotn puny ;-can ylaybis part. in almost cmycftarac-
15,-, 33 Mail as any man in the ward; is never
knowii to give way to an adversary. in any point
of view; in short. he is an uncomiiionly useful
electioneurer. He is a ready and legible writer.
Denis F0lc_y.'s inio':lle—aged married mini. rc-
sidiiig at Orange street, :1 grocer, is an Old and
active liani_l at bringing out voting or figlitiug
troops from his neighborhood. particularly when
he is in some way interested, or his friend:.=..
The prowess and generalship of Denis
Fol-~y are here full_v substantiated ; he has
proved them too, foi' he an old hand at bring-
ing out “figlr.ti22.g troops”—but we do not
think that he is so great a patriot as some of
the others, as he needs self interest to spur
him on.
James S. Gallagher. aged about 27, a single
man. a tailor by trade. residing in Elm, ucar
Anthony street. appears to be very zealous in
the democratic cause. He appears disposed to
doalmost any thing to have the sixth ward rc-
deemcd. .
James Htziiziltcin. a young married l'1‘l«'.’fl1. car-
man. good for any hard st-.tv'it':e-—pa'riicularly in
3 .;~,i,,-5 \\.'lll) the eneiny. Resides at 58 -Elm
\\'()l'Y‘-s
party in a
monly a,-11.9
street.
J. I1'igg‘i'ns. a single man. aged about 226,
ready for any expedition. is a musician and
watt.-hinuke-r. Residence
Joseph N. Kerr. a single man about 25, re-
siding at 536 Pearl street. He is very zealous.
midis ready and useful in any eleciiorzeeriiig or
fighting expedition against the ‘enemies of the
sixth ward democracy.
JOHN LAYDEN, a men of family-—-resid-
ing at 567 Pearl street. primer by trade. former-
ly editor and proprietor of the Norwalk (Cl.)'
Chronicle bud Dcmecra:—-a native ofthe sixth
ward. and at present chairman of the Yoiiri_«_,,{
Men’s Dcmc. Repn. committee of said ward.
The Hon. John M’Keon.' Hon JOHN M.
NILES. Hon. PERRY SM ITH. (both U. S.
TLESEY, Lt. Gov. Tracey. Hon. C. C. Cain-
feeliugs kindle with increasing fervor. when we
Daniel IV}/iiibs. 22 young man. book binder,
rcsidciice at 567 Pearl strcet.n fireman of much
influence, pariiculzirly among young men ; per-
fr-i-ily fearless; possessing strength and activity;
and will he found 21 useful and zealous elec-
llt)!lF(.‘l'ef-
Our task is ended, and we have given the
whol«:~. contents of the little red book. One
thing strikes us forcibly in referring to the
descriptions o_f these patriots. Strength of
nerve and good fighting prowess seem to be
the most desirable and praiseworthy attri-
butcs. . .
From the Ifartjbrd Daily Cou-ricrqf the 1st inst.
C()NNE{JTlCU'I' LEGISLATURE.
The two Houses of the Legislature as-
sembled -in their respective chaiubers in the
State House, this morning at 9 o’clock. The
House of Representatives was called to order
‘by Mr. Hubbard, of Glastonbury. The
House then proceeded to ballot for Speaker
and upon the first ballot, l'Vm. WV. Bowd-
man, Esq. of New-I-Iavcn, was elected. The
whole number of votes was 186, of which
Mr. Boardman-received 109. .. .
Mr. Boardinan took the chair with a brief
and pertinent address, and the ,_I-louse pro-
ceeded to ballot for Clerks, whereupon Abi-
jttlr Catlin, of Harwinton, and Roger H.
Mills, of Norfolk. were elected.
The Senate was organized by appointing
J0.ll7l. A. Ron/noel/, Esq.'""of Norwich, Presi-
dent protc-mr. and NCfS05’L Brewster, Esq. of
Goshcn, Clerk.
\V. P. Chamberlin was appointed door
keeper, and E. Bigelow and H. F. Gardner,
Messengers of the House; John Belcher
door keeper, and C. Adams and Ansel Hum-
phrey Messengers ofthc Senate.
Committee on Creclcntials—-i\Iessi's. Strong,
Mills, of Norfolk, and Sznith, of Middle»
town. Committee on Ca7ttv.Lssing—Hun-
tingtou, Bacon, Carrier, I31-akcman. Simmons,
VV.-irnoi', Shipman, and Hyde. Committee on
Rules of I{oi1.se—Dutton, Barnard, and ‘Va l-
tlo. On. Contested Elections-—Fostcr, Clark,
and Beardsley.
h‘Ieinoi'ial of D R. Vfillianis, of Prospect,
showing that he was elected Representative
for Prospect, instead ofA. Payne, and asking
for his seat. On motion it was referred to
coinniittcc on elections." -
The two Houses convened in the--’.’.ep_rc-
sentritives chamber at 12 o’clock, when the
oath of office was administered to the Go-
vernor by Chief Justice Williams, and His
Excelleiicy, in person, proceeded to deliver
the following rricssage.
GOVEPil/l0R’S SPEECH.
["cllow C'ili'zcns oflhc Senate '
and of tlie I-Iausc of Rcprc.sentatt'z‘-cs :
The past year has I‘(-.81] distinguished for the
l’7leSSll‘t,LS ofa kind and watchful Providence.-—
The earth has yieldec’ large returns to the bus-
bandniau: health has generally prevailed; the
laws have afiiirded security; the merchant and
manufacturer have pursued their labors with
coiifidence; and business-li.'is returned to its ac-
customed channels. Nothing has occurred to
interrupt our harmony. disappoint our l)()pP8. or
weaken confidence in the stability of our insti-
tutions. The cause ofcducotinn has advanced,
our youth liave been beiiehticd more largely by
the avails oftlie school. food. and new energies
put forth to iuiprove the system of instruction.
The utlmiiiistrution ufjustice has been impartial.
taxes have not been l)UltlcliS()l]!e to any; and no
exclusive privileges have been created or foster-
ed by public authority. All have stood on the
platform of our excellent constitution. recipients
of equal and wise legislation. \Viih what re-
spect and gratitude ought we to call to remem-
brance our predecessors in office. while we sur-
vey their labors, and occupy for a tiinetlieir
places of public trust. And how should these
contrast uurprivilegcs wiili those of 3 large por-
iiori of the human family who are less favored
of licavemaudcroshed beneath the wrongs of
t)pprDS>lVC governments. In view of their suf-
fering-. how do ourgrievances and wrongs dwin-
dle to iii.-igriificaiit evils!
Peiniii iiieio (:‘Xpft)S8 to you. gentlemen. how
deeply I am seiisible of the houorofbeing cull-
ed to the office ofCljiiefMa,¢1istrate. Iiis through
too fuvorablean estimate of my abilities. that u
people of so much intelligence renewedly honor
inn with this distinction. But in whatever else
I may be tleficieut, I am not conscious of bring-
ing to their service ought but adisinteresied love
of my country. and a sincere and heart-felt de-
sire to promote its welfare.
There are but few subjects which can be pre-
.~'Pl’ll(’.‘tl by the Executive iotlie general assembly
Our territory is so liiniied. the pursuits oftlie in-
liuliitarils so uniform. and the policy ofthe go-
vernment so well esiublislied. and understood,tha:
little is to be done, besides making the animal
appointments. and attending to the personal and
local wants ofour constituents. The institutions
of the Siuienrc likewise but fev; the laws are
simple and easily comprehended, and the mimi-
nisiraiiun of them free fruiu complicated and ex-
breleng, Isaac L. Variao. Esq. and about fifty
'of.Ihe most prominent members of the llBll]()(.‘l'1lI-
ic party in our city, give him a high character.
for his devotion. tact. perseverance, and sacrifi-l
ces. to st,-siaiii the Deniocraiic party in its most
‘trying struggles with the enemy. ‘
From some little knowledge of the haml-
writing and previous history of Mr. John
Layden. we have scarcely a doubt that he is
. the. author and proprietor‘ of the production
unde: consideration, If this be the case. we
can of course rely upon the truth of what is
pensive formsf Indeed we find provided at our
hands a constitution and system of laws unsur
passed in all that is sought by enlightened free
men. we admire the wisdom and forethough-
ofourfathers, which enabled them to embo,rl_\
so much substance in forms so simple. If this
community cannot be happy. it will be vain to
look for happiness from human wisdom or poli-
tical sagacity. '
Our national interests being committed to the
‘general C00greS9..corne not within the province-
of a State Legislature; yet as iheseinteresis in-
councils of the nation, and it may becomethe
duty of the representatives of the people ‘re-
spectfully to express their opinions respecting
measures of general importance.
I have on a fortner occasion presented my
views upoii the. subject of the Public Lands.—
Those views remain unchanged; and I doubt
not that the resolutions adopted by the last ’As-
sembly were. and still remain the sentiments of
the people of Connecticut. The considerations
presented by the committee who reported the re-
solutions, werejust and weighty. and the resolu-
iinns most firm. honorable. and patriotic. \Ve
will trust thai this vast dooiaiiz. won by the valor
and sacrifices of a united people. will yet be
saved, and appropriated to the coinuion good.-
The present system of the sale of public lands.
has long been practised with universal approba-
iion,and the sanction of distinguished statesmen
ofall parties. Onedollar and twenty-five cents
per acre (tiie government price) is clieziperioiigli
for any land worth possessing, and certai-.il_v as
cheap as the old States, for any length of time.
can endure,sincetliruugh the ready facilities of
Bay"-.iniercmnniuuicaiion the lands and products of
the \Vt-st are brought into competition with the
lands ofilic East. All will agree that an out-
right gift of the public lands would not only be
flagrantly unjust. but that it would allure from
the old States even that small proportion nftheir
growing population which is now with difficulty
retained. But to graduate the price of public
landsin advance. by a known. settled and per-
maneut scale of depreciation. according to the
length of time land has been surveyed and in
imirket, is in its effect not materially different
from :1 gift. There is no necessity for such an
innovatiouin 21 well tried and established system;
hnpesi setllersdo not demand it. nor are they the
persons who complain. Nor should any-.“wlien
it is considered what large sums have been paid
by the goverumeiit in purchasing these lands. in
extingiiisliiiigludian titles, and in surveying and
maintaining agent:ies, and siiperinteunding srrles.
Accoriliiio to it report of the commissioner ofthe
Land Office. made in 1838, it appeared, that
since the governincntcoinmenced selling. two
hundred and thirteen millions of acres had been
surveyed. while lcssthnn one hundred millions
had been sold or appropriated Yet further sur-
veys are making from time to time. at the press-
ing importunity of the new States. If nowthe
price is graduated by time. the choice landsand
sites of peculiar value may be early purchased.
but much that is left of the millions of acres al-
ready surveyed and unsold. will, in the course of
time, come under the reduced" and reducing pri
cos.‘ The scheme. though plausible enough in
theory. is fraught with mischief by becoming the
established policy of the government. l00lilflg
forward as well as retrospectively. _
1)l$llll;ZlllSl1F,(I statesmen in Congress have
with uudonb:ed sincerity advocated the adoption
of the measure. but Icauuot discover its iieces
sitv, its wisdom, or its policy; indeed I think I
discover its injustice. pariialiiy. and bad faith to
the old States. and that it owes much of its po-
pulariiy to the cupidity ofspeculators. and the
desirc of the new States to secure an increase of
immigration.
\Vhen we were lost assembled. a deep gloom
was spread over the comniuuiiy. There was
little or no money forthe transaction of business;
markets for northern manufactures were closed.
our work.-hops were silent, and their former oc-
cupants. in uuinbcrs, were seeking new employ-
me.-uts in other bornrs. Confidence was gone;
fear was depicted in the face of every man of
business: banks had ceased to redeem their pa-
per. and many individuals and associations who
had never before imagined that they could be-
come embarrassed in their regular pursuits. were
suddenly crushed beneath the weight ofthcirac-
cuinulatcd perplcxities; and it seemed for a
time, as if the crisis had come when tried insti-
tutions and courses of trade were to be entirely
swept away. The sufferings caused in ti-great
measure by new theories. pressed so heavily on
the country. that it was found necessarytolisten
to the voice of experieucc.ziud return to the an-
cient policy. Accordingly the dark cloud is dis-
pelled; confidence has revived; individuals in-
vest their capital without fear; companies and
banks meet their engagemeiits; and 21 sound and
convenient currency imparts new life to busi-
ncss; gives encouragement to the manufactur-
ing village. and casts the sunshine of cheerful-
ness over the commercial city.
The General Assembly have likewise made
known by respectful resolutions. their views and
wishes in relation to the plan for keeping and
disbursing the public money. recommended to
Congress by the President. If gentlemen, the
apprehensions of those who do not approve of
this plan are founded in truth it is fortunate that
more time is allowed Congress for. consideration.
Reason and experience teach us that the public
money cannot be made secure by legal provisions
nor by the supervisions of experienced officers,
in a country so wide as the United States. with
its fiscal ngenls gathering and holding a revenue
of many millions, at the thousand points of Land
and Post Offices and Cusiotiihouses. Nor may
we overlook the expenses incident to the svstem.
Be:Itlt‘S. ii [:O.-‘$98598 some oftlie feaiufies ofaNa-
tional Bank, with agents instead of branches
extending over the U. S. without any of its ad-
vantages: Iffully carried out. according totlie
designs of some geiitlcirien. it would clothe the.
l’re.-sid.=ui with great patronage. and end in the
establishment ofu ;£)\’£‘l'l.llll8ni currency. which
if exclusively used in collecting and di§bursing
the revenue. would place in the linntls of one
uian the business if not the destiny-of the coun
try. Whether the financial concerns ofihe U.
S. can be safely and wisely conducted without a
national batik of equal and uniform credit Ilunugl‘.
out the States. granting facilities at every point
in times of peace and of war. remiiins, in
the estimation of disiinguislicd Statesman. a
question to be settled. But however this may
be, the indications of public sentiment are deci-
sive against any government agency which dis-
credits the common currency. and any-is-ystein
for kcepingthe public money, which couiiniis it.
to the custody of individuals. '
Since we were last convened, the Banks of
iliis State have resumed payment. Before that
event, they were not in truth insolvent. but para-
lysed by the general shock. and for a time una-
ble to perform their appropriate duties. Under
the peculiar circumstances, their policy was
marked with uprightuess. caution and wisdom.
On the one hand, they were bound by the let--
ier of theircharters. while on the other they were
forced to cousiilt the safety of their debtors anti
the sentiment of tl'ie'coinmuniiy. I have no
doubt that at this time they are solvent, and
generally in a good condition. The‘ Bank
Commissioners. by their animal report willin-
form you ofall such particulars as are important
in tlieircliaracter. conduct and condition. It istlie
duty of the Legislature to" watch these institu-
iions with attention and impartiality. They
possess great influence. giving character to the
currency. affecting the pursui sofilie people. and
in some measure fixing the standard of proper
.iy. Such vvatchfulness is due to the honest jea
.lousy of republicanism. to the community and
tothe institutions themselves. This supervision
should be carried home to their affairswith fre-
qoency and miuutencss, asbest calculated to se.
cure honesty and wisdom in their management
Any well founded charges against them should
we listened to with attention. They-are flpllo-bt
oermitted to practice oppression, or to violate
volve the welfare of the whole country, it is right"
-bcir charters with impunity; nor are they to be
will above’ as ll ls natural l° 3“P,P°3° ll?“ ill?-.-' the people of the States should watch the censured or disparaged while discliargingthe du-
ties incumbent upon them, “In ought to be
able. and for tbu'most part may confide in the
ability and probity of their directors. for they
are personally interested in their solvency. and
generally are connected with the business of
their fellow citizens. If in such men we may
not repose conffdeitce. even under public inspec-
tion, ihen must we tlespairof fiiidiiig ground of
confidence in our fellow beings; and under it
jealousy of all power. let none be delegated. lest
it be abused. It is not the part of wisdom to
create distrust of :liese institutions or of the
currency they give us. They have become the
settled policy of the country. and no other cur-
recy will extensively prevail. whether we have
eighty millions ofsoecie. or even more. import-
ed from ‘abroad. The habits and prepossessions
of our people are too firmly fixed to expect any
fundamental change‘ in our moneyed system.
nor can any thing be attempted with hope of
success without the concurrence ofall the States.
which is not to l:e.expecii,ed. \Ve cannot with-
out disturbing other nations. possess much uiore
of ilie prescious meinl than we now possess; but
t‘ 6 present amount is wholly insufficient of itself
for our wants. audeven what we have may soon
be. scattered, according to the vicisitudes ofirade.
Some suppose. that the Constitution ofilie U. S.
has prescribed an excfusive currency ofgold and
silver. but nothing can be more erroneous. The
constitution gives a stanslard of currency, and
directs what shall be a legal tender; but the au-
thors ofthat instrument did not suppose. that by
such provisions, they were establishing a geneti-
al or exclusive currency. They were men of
forethought and of practical-views: but what
would have been the condition of this country
under the restricted and inadequate specie cur
rency said to be constitutional? Our manufac-
titres and commerce would have been in their
infancy; the woodinaifs axe would scarcely
have been heard in ib_e forests of the “fest.
where villages and cities are now seen: and
those fiery engines whicliiraverse our mighty riv-
ers. annihilating space, binding ln(ll.~.'Sl)llll)l.V the
remote parts of the Republic, would now lie in
ilieir native ore.
So bold. enterprising and novel is our career.
that with the best motives for the public good.
we are more endangered from innovating too
freely. than too little. Some are for repealing
the law limiting interest’ for the use of money’.
leaving every man lt)0l)l:)ln what may be in his‘
power. because ofa favorite ilieory that money
is merchandize; some would permit banking fo
he carried on without much if any restraint. lest
the Ilieory of equal rights should be marred;
and others decl vre that ..private associations are
the only proper bankers. Now all dies.-,
scbemes. supposed to be "more simple and re-
publican. have perhaps but_little to recommend
them besides their novelty. Let the shrewd
capitalist set his own price on his loans. where
is the gain to the borrower? Let individuals or
private associations make money at their plea-
sure, where is the securityoftlie uninformed and
unsuspecting ? Let those only be bankers who
can give security to the state, how is the whole
money power concentrated in the few, in the
exrliisinn or men of moderate means. Let in.
corporated banks give place to private associa-
tions. and the large capitalists of the cities be-
come sole bankers. we may bid farewell to
equality of privileges in banking. if not to a
sound and accredited currency. Some of ill.-
states have recently introduced private banking.
and others are inclined to follow in their steps:
if good comes ofthe experiment. we can imitate-
iheir example; but if evil. let its profit by their
experience. I am persuaded that few institu-
tutions have been established in this country so
exclusively benefitiing the affluent, as private
associations for banking. ‘
Connected with Congress as we are. and feel-
its influence and example, it will not be deem-
ed presumptuous to remark. (and the opinion is
by no means 8 novel one.) that its protracted
sessions, and the spirit and manner in which the
public business is conducted. are not in accord-
ance with thc economy. simplicity and decorum
for which it has been distiuguislied. Its late ap
propriatiou of the day of rest and deiotion. to
secular business. is a disregard of an institution
of divine appointment. consecrated in the affec-
tions and hallowed by the usages of a large
poriionofthe citizens ofthe Uiiiied States. The
Christian religion owes its extension and its
power over the consciences of men. to the insti-
tution and influence of the Sabbath. Repeal
the institution. or treat with indifference its ob-
servance. as was done in the National Conven-
tion of France. and you banish religion. astliey
did, from the land. Let me say. fellow ci:izen,s
it is not political power; it is not extent ufterri—
tory; nor accumulated wealth; nor lcnowlndge,
nor science. alone. which renders a people really
great and truly happy. "The Most High rul-
eih in the kingdom of men. and giveth it to
whomsoever he will.”
The state is entirely free from debt, and has,
at this time. twenty-one thousand dollars unap-
propriatevl. in the treasury. It likewise owns.
exclusive ofthe school fund three thousand and
seven hundred and five shares of bank stock.
which has yielded. during the last year. the
sum of thirty-two thousand three hundred and
eighty-seven dollars. The usual state tax of
one cent on the dollar on the grand list. (which
is about four million three hundred thniisaud dol-
lars.) raises forty-three thousand dollars. The
iwo-tliirds ofoue per cent raised on the stock of
banks and insiiruuce companies, belonging to
non residents. is about two thousand nine bun
tlrcd dollars. Add to these the avails ofcourts.
forfeited bonds. duties. licenses. escheats. and
other incidental receipts. and we have an annual
revenue averaging about eighty thousand dol-
lars. This sum is fully equal to the ordinary
expenses ofthe state. including every charge of
that character upon the treasury. The expenses
of the State for tbeiyear ending the 31st day of
March last, were seventy-three thousand dol-
lars.
The State Prison at Wetbersfield has. since
its establishment. not only paid forits'~.~lf. besides
its annual expenses. but has become a source of
profit. The receipts. as appears from the \Var»
tlen's Report for the year ending the 31st day 0
March, 1839, are beyond the disbursements the
sum of three thousand and sixty dollars twenty-
eight cents. an amount less than the "profits, of
last year. owing chiefly to sickness among the
prisoners last autumn, and the reduced price of
some of the manufactures. The general pres-
sure of 1837 has been materially felt in the con
tracts for work du_ring the yearj-ist closed. The
number of prisoners at this time is one hundred
and eighty-three. nine having ‘died during the
year. The system of labor and discipline pur-
sued in the prison isjuilicious and humane, alike
houorableto its managers and in the state. The
convicts appear to be in good health, and to re-
ceive every uttention which their condition.re-
quires. Iu.one pointof view they are peculiar
ly worthy of notice. When they enter the
tvalls ofihe prison. they are in 21 large majority
of cases. habitually iniemperate. Of necessity
‘they are debarred frorfi spirit, and at once begin
it) improve in health and strength. showing ibi-
practicability ofeniire and immediate abstinence.
even in those whose liabits have become must
inveterate. VVbo. in view of such facts. will
not become the advocate of temperance. and lift
his voice to heaven, that the demon of intemper
once. which revels upon all that is fair in socie
iy, breaking asunder every bond, and reversing
the very works of the Creator. may be banished
‘from buittau habitations, and ‘consigned _to the
\
execrations of an injured world. and the judge
merits of_ a riizhteons God? Are we not called
Upon. as legislators, as patriots. as Christians. to
sustain those who labor in this noblecause, and
to strengthen those influences which bear upon’
tbisenormous evil? ‘
The Sclmol fund belonging to the state.
amounts to a littleinore than 32.000 000. It ap-
pe.ar._s to be well managed by the present coin-
iniss:oner whose experience and acknowledged
devozion to his office, confer great value upon
his services. The receipisduring the year end-
ing the first day of April, 1839. are one bun.
died and four thousand and’ six ‘dollars. and
twenty-live cents. giving_ to eacli cliild in [he
state between the ages of four and sixteen, the
sum of one dollar and tweniy—five cents, which
is five cents more to each child than has before
been divided. The exact condition of the fund
at that time, will appear from the biennial state
ment laid before the last general assembly.
The paupers of the state are supported under
a contract of some years to run, for the sum of
seventeen hundred dollars.
So far as Iain able to judge from facts within
my reach. 1 am led to believe that the local
taxes imposed by towns and other communities.
4-olleciable by warrant, taking ilie average of all
our cities and towns. do not exceed ten cents on
the dollar in the grand list.
The annual Reports of the Treasurer and
Comptroller of public accounts will be laid be-
fore you at an early day. , They do not present
any thing requiring siiggestiuusfrom the Execu-
tive. The public business in. these and all
other departments. is conducted with propriety
and ability. Gentlemen. ifour condition be in-
deed such as Ihave now represented, do not this
people possess all the elements of social happi-
ness attainable by liuman governments.-"and are
we not called upon, as public men and private
citizens, to maintain an undying atlection for our
native state and our institutions?
Soon after the rising of. the assembly. the
Board of Commissioners for Common Schoofs
adopted measures to carry into execution the de-
signs of the assembly. The law which creates
the board. defines the various and important sub-
jocts ofiuquiry. to all of which the board have"
given their attention, chiefly through Henry
Barnard. Esq. their Secretary. Mr. Barnard
has assiduously devoted himselfto the duties of
his office, visiting different parts of the slate,
spreading information before parents and teach-
ers, organizing Conventions. instituting inquiries
into the condition of Coinmou Schools, and the
practicability of their improvement. The re-
sult nf his labors are embodied in a report which
will be presented by the commissioners. It is a
work of much observation. critical examination
and reflection, well worthy of your attention.
When the real state of our schools is’"madc
known, and the facts developed, carefully con-
sidered, no man willquostion the expediency of,
the measures adopted by the last assembly.-
The Secretary. who receives three dollars a day
and his expenses while in the service of the
board, is the only person connected with this
section bf the law, of the assembly.‘ p .in'
1836, to “loan such some on uiortig7n"giejiji_ai‘~;fiilIt'y.
Some of these towns are now deairoiis'6f’re’é”eiv-,
ing their portions. _ - But having nlreadyvmdo
their election. the money has been ‘loaned. and
it cannot be received by them witliogit further le-
gislation. Nor can the Treasurer release the
mortgages without authority to lie given liiin“hyf
law. ' ' » ‘
It appears from the report of the Adjlillgt‘
General. that the enrolled militia ofthe State):
this time,is twenty-nirié thousand. nineiltundrieid
and sixty-seven men, being three thousand one
hundred and sixty-five more than was returned
the previous year. showing an increase ofiten
thousand since the year 1835. There are.how
ever. great no mbers not yet enrollet_l.snd who will
not be in future. without an amendment of the
laws. . Until this is done. theiilate will sullerinjiis.
[ice in the distribution of arms under the act of
Congress of 1808. You will need to turn yam in.
tenlion to the condition of the arms distributed
from the arsenal among theiniliiia. under the
law of 1836. ‘Without early legislation, andla
"Sill Ohtervance/of what shall be required by
law in keeping these arms. they will be ere long
greatly ltljtlfetl. if not entirely lost. In relation
to the militia. Inm happy to say that a good
spirit prevails among theofiicers and me:: ; they
0'8 P"""P' "‘ tluty. and clieerfullv submit toifie
expense and fatigue to which they are subjected.
Let them be encouraged, leftliem be honored.
Recent events admonish us how suddenly we
may need their services. \Ve look‘to tbein in
times ofgencral alarm and internal violence, for
security and the maintenance of law and order.
The last General Assembly approved of an
amendment of the Constitution. for -admitting’
citizens nfoilier States (in certain cases) to the
electoral privilege. The Legislature did 1 not ’
as had been the practice, make special pro-wig:
-ion finr carrying this ainrrnilinent into effect. I:
now becumesa question of importaiice. what is’
its condition? Is it a part ofibe Coustitiition I
mean it become so by any act ofinis assembly I
or is i: lost ‘I After much reflection. Ibave come
to the conclusion that the amendment need not
fail. The‘ constitution provides, that when a
proposed aineiidinent is approved by lwosuc
cessive Assemblies, by ll1c'I:Ol)Slilu:iiil)flllnujnfi.
ties. "' said amcndznents shall. by the S;-cremrV'
be transmitted to the town clerks in’ each i....T..
in the State, whose duty it s‘iull be in pfescm
the same iothe _Illl‘u'.il)llfll)lS Ihcreof,fur their
consideration at a town n'ieeuingleg.'illy held and
warned for that purpose." The duty of [I13
Secretury isiiiostobvious andpereinptory. Ac.
cordingly lie transiniiied the amendment to eaicfg
town clerk in the State. By existing laws, ii..-
inlial.»i'nnts could hr; legally couveii- tl. ufil could!
voteou the ainendtnent, To Wlml extent lhin
was in fact ilone.I am not inlbnned. Ninety
towns only have made returns to the Secretary.
1 iliink this assembly may now provide a niir-iilo
"of uscertuiiiiiig what is the vote of the’ Item 1.5
\Vl)lt,'ll have acted. and may s-obmii the mesa.
ment anew to those which have not. The Jleo
lull‘.'S already made and to he inade. cairn. inedi-
busioess who is compensated for his labor, and
rected by law to the Asst.-iiiblv, or be exiimim.-d.
that‘. compensation cannot exceed twelve lmn- b_y snmeuilier lJxI-')I‘ll under their nnilioiity. iu.
«lred dollars.
Who that \VlSl)t:‘fl the rising gen: lwliicb case the Legislauire will have difcflgifi
eraiion to be blessed with knowledge, anti cspo- ' the manncrof ascertaining the votes ofibe else-..
cially those indigerit children who have no otherliors. and this is all which ilie con.-iituiion re-
advantagcs besides common schools, will look
on this go crous and Christian effort. with jezi-i
lous feelings? VVe have in Connecticut long
enjoyed a. system of general education. the work
ofexperience and time. which should not be al-
tered in a spirit of expcrim.-nt or rashnoss.-—
Nor do I -pprehénd any thing of the'k'.nd from
those who are most zealous in the cause of edu-
cation. It is certain that ourscliools can be es-,l
sentially improved, and that soniething should‘
be attempted worthy of the subject.
The board have felttheir loss in the death of
quires.
As there is no doubt of a general wish
to have the constitution amended as proposed. it
is de.-xi'able to have the 8ln(,'Il(IlHI3Hl c.-itablislietl,.
if possible. and I think it may be done in the wav
l have mentioned. To guard ugziinst fuiur'e
omissions in like cases. I would recommend
the passage of :1 general law. applicable to all
future aincutlinciiis of the Constitution.
Imprisonment for debt, under different modi-
liciitioiis. has existed in this state from its earliest
settlement But in latertimcs, more liberal and
just Vle\vS have prevailed, until it has been so
the late President Fisk,o_neoft'lic coiriniissoner.-i. , much resmmed‘ ‘hm it scarce” “ms at an’ at
Possessed of acknowleogcd piety, and taloutfiylilic lirt-sent time The object bf imprisonment
he brought to the duties of the board nncv-iri-
inon experience and wisdom. His memory is
endeared in their affections ; and all who love
scieuce, religion, and human happiness, will
mourn that his labors for mankind are closed.
The Hon. Samuel Ingham, who was appoint.-
ed agent to prosecute the claims of this state for
militia service during the last war, has complet-
ed his labors, and made to the Executive at
paiticular and voluminous report. He has ac-
complished more than was expected, and every
thing that could be achieved by iiiilustry and fi-
delity. Ho has received and paitlinio the Ti-ea.
sur_v sixty-four thousand dollars forty-nine cents,
besides eight thousanil nineteen dollars .':l]tl
seventy cents received from the late assistant
paymastcr. .Ten thousand dollars is left, being
a suspciided balance against the United _Siatcs,
none ofwhich will ever be received. By direc-
tion of the last assembly‘, $335,000 of the above
sum. has been paid towards the debt and cur-
rent expenses of the slate. 'l‘lie"rernaiiider has
been distributed to the several tow-is, under a
law passed in the your 1833. entitled " an act
refunding to the people of this state the monies
collected during the late war.” Soon after the
money came into the Treasury a claim was
made to a part of it, by the “Trustees for re-
ceiving donations tor the Sllp'J0l‘l. ofa Bishop.”
under a law of 1816. entitled °* an act, for the
sunportof literature and religion.” The Trea-
surer has hitherto resisted the claim. and paid
out the money under the laws of 1833, and
1838. Suits having been brought against the
Treastirer during the recess of the assembly, he
felt himself obliged to act without particular in-
structions. Yt.l] will now, however, instruct
him as to his future course. and should you
wish further defence to be made. you will need
to authorize him to employ counsel at the ex-
pense of the state. " _
The last_ assembly reorganized the county
court, by dispensing with sixteen judges, and
gave original jurisdiction to the Superior Court
in all cases of equity and such cases at law as
would be likely to reach that court by appeal.—
So far as I am informed, these alterations‘ have
given general satisfaction, and have saved con-
siderable suins to the state and to suitors.
In the year 1835. the Legislature authorized
a geological survey of the state Dr. James G.
Percival and Prof. Charles U. Shepard were se-
lected to perform the work, and $1,000 was
granted for their use. In 1336, a. further-sum of
$2000 was granted. In 1837, Prof. Shepard
havirfg finished the mineralogical part ofihe sur-
vey, made his report to the assembly, which was
printed at an expe.--.se of $500 specially appro
riatod. They likewise granted the further sums
of $500 and $l.-500 to prosecute the survey.-_
These sums amount to $5.500. _ I believe Dif
Percival has been diligent in his investigations,
but as he has made no report to me, I do not
know when his labors will be terminated.
I have received sundry resolutions from the
Legislatures of North Carolina. Indiana, Mis-
.-nuri, New Jersey, M-tine and New York, ac-
companied with it request that they shou d be
presented to this assembly. They Will be trans
'tt d without dela .
mil have likewise rr?ceiwd_ and caused to be de-
livered to the Treasurer. Complele Sets Ofsl-and-
ard weights sent to ‘me by the Secretary of the
Treasury of the United States. under a‘ resolu-
linn of Congress approved the 14th day of June.
1836. accompanied by ti. report from Prof. F. H.
Hasler. You will need to direct where these
weights shall be kept. '
Several towns have heretofore voted not to
receive their-‘proportion of the surplus fimds be-
longing to the United States, deposited with the
States. In consequence of such vote, it be
came the «Tuty oi the Tretgstlrer, under the 11th
for debt was never to punisl) an unfortunate
debtor, but to coerce payment where there is
ability to pay. and to prevent the contraction of
debts from incousit.lerntion,or bad faith. But the
itiiprisonment ofone's person is of itself so great}
a czcsprivaiion, and to the family ofilie debtor so
liuniiliaiiiig. that public sentiment dc izunds. and
justly d‘eoian-ls, every 'pos.<iblc amelioration of
the law. It is sotnciiuies n-.s:i.-ted to from irr-
propi-r 1!!-ill\i't$9 towards ilie debtor. and some-
times to cooipvl l'rienal<, through syinpailiy‘, to
pay the debts of a relative. and the power at
best. is ‘liable to abuse. lt. is true. that such
are our present laws. that. a poor debtor, wlz.en
urre.-ted nu lU8lSllf3 pro:-rss. can at once obtiain
his tlis'liiir,<_re on trial-iug onll) before :1 magis-
trate, and when imprisoned on execution,' ‘can
be relcziscd on taking the p_u'.‘r debtor's oath ;
but I am inclined to believe it best to extend
ilie exemption so that there sliull be‘ no arrest or
iuiprisounicut of the bo_dy. in case of futures
debts, on mcsnc or final proc- ss, where the some
does not exceed one hundred dollars. In strict-
oess there should be. evi:n.witli'this limitation,
some exceptions; but they are few. the neces-
sury’ modifications of the law would be diffi-
cult. and the sum itself is stmill. so that it is
deserving of coiisuleration. if the repeal shou-lt£
not be absolute, in such cases. \Vliere,the debt.
exce.-ds one hundred dollars. I would leave til-i&
law ofimprisonment as it now stands.
As citizens of the state, we cannot be im-
dilicrcni to the noble efforts which our fellow
cii.zcns are making, to open, by,intc_-rnal im-
provements, new facilities and clianiiels of?
trade. The salutary effec_ts oftbese efforts will
ere long be seen developing hidden resources of
wealth. and advancing the prosperity of the
State. Every section is, as it vvcrmibrouglil
to the margin ofihe' sea. and thus all are made
to enjoy the benefits of good markets and rapid
corninunication. If it has not been the policy
of the state itself to embark in these works,
she cannot be indifferent to the distinguished
energy and success with which individuals have
oressed them forward. We honor their perse-
verance, and their enlarged view: of public in-
terests. ,
On a former occasion, I invited the attention
of the Assembly to a class of our fellow beings
most deservingpoblic care and liberality. »I
mean the insane poor. Their number in the
State. according to a report made a few years
since, is very considerable. ‘Their condition is
forlon and wretched. and their appealsto out
humanity and Christian philanthropy cannot,
with proprietybe longer resisted. ~-We have bi-
therto done nothing for their relief. while many,
if not most" of our sister States have made ample
provision for them, and held the subject worthy
of particular regard. - /
There are fourteen pupils supported -by the
State in the American .-Xsylumfor the deaf and
dumb. . The Principal reports to me that they
usefulness and respectability. .
There are two blind youth supported by the
State in the Institution‘ for the blind, in the city
of Boston. ' , - - i i
I would suggest. to the Legislature tbe_propri-
ety of rendering some aid to the "Wesleyan U9i-
versity at Middletown. This young‘ institution
has not shared in the bounty of the State. ‘Con-
sidering the arduous efforts it has been making
to take its place among our colleges; the extent
to which it is promoting sound learning and
religion. and the affection with which it is
cherished by a large body of Christians, are
we not called upon to countenance and soccer it
with impartial liberality? Such donations are
are attentive to their duties. and give pmmise‘of ,
not, as is sometimes claimed, the taking of zinc.
1
W-;ué:s33;gg«,-gguuineu--
‘o
Norwalk Chronicler