f-
A..-
V.
."«.'.'- 1{:3-r.‘1.§‘:.';J$":§-EIIFW , ‘
crea; four military means.
T various acts of Congress w
_ beeni-ecently passed relating to the army._
,‘ impbvcd its condition and have.renderct_l Its
J‘ ifiitnization more useful and eflicctnt. It is at a
II, times in a state for prompt and vigorous action,
,i'i‘lt:r"nd‘it contains within. itself_ll|8 P‘“‘'" 0f exlel"
§tL.s_‘ion to any useful litmt; while, at the sarnet_itue
ifir preserves that knowledge, both theoretical.
j and practical, which education and experience
‘!
liich have
hav-e
it 3100,, can give; and which, if not acquired and
preserved in time of peace. 1111151 be sought Un-
' der great disadvantages in time of war.
-.5’ The duties of the engineer corps press heavi-
l upon that branch of tlte service, and the ptib-
’ addition to its strcngtli.
’!"I.‘he nature of the works in which the ollicers
are engaged. render necessary professional knowl
edge atttl experience, and there is no economy
iti coinuiittitig to them more duties than they
can pcr1'orin,orin zissignittg these to other per-
sons teniporarily employed, and too often,.of
necessity, without all the qualifications which
sucliserviccdetnarids. I receoniend this subject
to your attention, and also the proposition sub-
mitted at the last session of congress, and now
- ‘renewed, for a reorganization of the Topogra-
phical Corps. This reorganization cart be ef-
fected without any addition {to the present ex-
penditure, and with‘ mttch advantage to the pub-
lic service. The branch of duty which devolves
, upon these oflicers is at all times interesting to
‘ ,_to the community‘ and the information furnish-
ed by them is usefulin peace and in war.
Much less antl inconvenience have vi.‘-i.','.?l expe-
yierlced in coasts-_..:cnct:.:,-1.’ the failtti-c of the bill
' ' Sit‘: »'.trtllnz:t"~,' approrzriaiions lbs‘ forti-
' ' t--7,-:it<-ii of tin. Na-
ri
--u,5’t“inte:'cst requires air
I
1
l
41
..,d- ,.-
.:’:t' =2". passed one ...
_ -.lL‘l't': as the last .'-1.1.’.-.‘t5lt)i)., but xv-~ .'.0st
.~::1’t.3??‘-1---"iii" 127 ?.«'t'; ‘star *9.:u '-' .59"
,, ' ._v_._'_i,'~,r fy \» _,-. 5,-rrj,"_ . ; _ ..,_. “Feed
. '9_ -- ~,' I .ugtess ot a system of nation-
' L‘..- ‘to
sfd ICC. projehted immediately after the last
waratd since steadily pursued. b"l?l50 because
itcotanetl a contingent appropriation inserted
in al rralance with ‘the views of the Executive
i iftf this importantobject, and other branch-
ffiftle national defence, some portions of which
1
htbave been most usefully applied during
‘nast season. I invite your early attention
,1.»-z -31" the report of the Secretary of
t.-htt.:h 2. .tes to this subject, and recen-
zt3~;;:‘op;riation sufficiently liberal to ac-
~.~e .-rte. 131.-_. ittzmztmcnt of the fortifications, ag-
s'~, -y to the proposition submitted by him,
) , whole Atlantic seaboard ina
( plete state of defence.--Ajust regard tothe
' nauent interests of the country evidetitly re-
q has this measure, but there are also other rea-
s is which, at the prcsentjuncture. give it pecu-
Ii force, and make it my duty to call to the
.- ionic ynvvr -=n,~‘Eal con-rideratiotr. _
" ’ - .3 «, tl. 5_y.r.':!r‘.:Tl if military education
,-ii ‘ ,.-: atit:-it Si’ ".--I‘-iently long to test its
.-'».-.*. rim! it its-: gi-.':.t: to the army_ :1 valu-
~ it 5-; not alone in the im-
= it-ed «=2 .-.ratioiiofthetroops
tux: . .e.:. w _ --tl. They are al-
so extensively engaged in the administrative and
fiscal conccrtis of the various matters confided
to the "War department ; in the (‘..\‘("Cllll0n of the
stafltlutics, usually appertaining to ttiilitary or-
ganization, in the removal of the Indians, and
in 4.-lire dibtirstiieut of the various expcntlitures
growtin-g ntit of our Indian relations; in the for-
mation of roads, atit.l in the iuirovenient of liar-
bors and rivers; in the coristrtictioti of fortifica-
ti....t;.~. the fabrication of mncli of the materiel
reg. tzeal for the public defence. aittl in the pres-
._~;‘v.::tio". distribution, and accontability of the
"e: and in other miscellaneous duties, not
-“e-“.~i"t'c=.r:g of classification.
. diversified functions embrace very
' heavy expenditures of public money, and re-
quire-fitlelity, science, and business habits in ihcir
' execution: and a system which shall secure
those qualifications is demanded by the public
" 3 interest. That this object has been, in a great
measure, obtained by the Military Academy, is
_ , shown by the state of the service, and by the
“”_ ;9tiompt accountability which has generally fol-
= lowed the necessary advances. Like all other
political systems, the present mode of militaay
education, no doubt has its imperfections, both
of -principle and practice; but I trust these can
can be improved by rigid inspections, and _by
I legislative scrutiny, without destroying the in-
stilution itself.
Occurrences, to which we as well as other na-
tions are liable, both in otir intertial and exter-
nal relations, point to the necessity of an effi-
cient organization of the 'militia. I ',am again
induced, by the importance {of the subject, to
bring tit to your attention. To suppress domes-
tic violence, and to repel foreign itivasion, should
these calamities overtake us, we mtist rely, in
firstjristance, upon the great body ofltlie com-
munity, whose will has instituted, anti whose
power must support, the government.—A large
standing military force is not consonant with the
ispiriit of our institutions, nor to the feelngs of otir
countrymen : and the lessonsof former days, and
those also of our own times, show the danger
as well as the enormous expense, of these per-
.‘ znanent and extensive military organizations.
Thatjust medium" which avoids an inadequate
preparation on the one hand, and the danger
and expense of a large force on the other, is
what our constituents have a rightto expect from
their government. This object can be attained
only by the maintainance of a small military
force, and by such an organization of the phys-
ical strength of the country as may bring this
power into operation, whenever its services are
required.
A classification of the population offers the
l most obvious means of effecting this organiza-
-.“ tion. Such a. division may be made as will be
I made as will be just to all. by transferring each,
at a proper period of life, from one class to anoth-
er, and by gcallngffirst for the services of that
class, whether for instruction or action, which
‘ from age is qualified for the duty. and may be
called to perform it with least injury to them-
iselves orto the public. Should the danger ev-
lr become so imminent as to require additional
4, the other classes in succession would be
"‘-' 'for the call. Andif,, in addition |to this
t-"r.~n :-I:-
: x
1
Mississippi river, approaches its consummation.
It was adopted on the most mattire consideration
of the condition of this race, and ought to be per-
sisted iti till the object is accomplished, anti
prosecuted with as in ucli vigor as a just regard
to their circumstances will permit, and as fast
as their consent can be obtained. All preceed-
ing experiments for the improvement of the In-
dians have f.~iilctl. It. seems now to be an cs-
thblislietl fact, that they cannot live iti contact
with a civilized community antl prosper. Ages
of fruitless endeavors have at length, brought
its to a knowledge of this principle of intercom-
munication with them. 'I‘he past we cannot re-
call, buttlie future we can provide f_ir. Inde-
pcnderillv of the treaty stipulations mlo which
we Il21\'e—Cl]ICl'(-‘(I with the various tribes, for the
usufrucluary rights they have ceded l0 US. no
one can doubt the moral dutyof the gfwc‘-mtT_le.nt
up the U,v,1u-,tl States to protect, and 1f_ pOSSllJ1e,
to [,,-959,“. and perpetuate the _sca.tte.rtng rem-
nams of this race. which are left within our bor-
ders, In the discliarge of this dttty, an exten-
sive region in the west: has been assigned for
their permanent residence. It has been divid-
ed into districts, and allotted among them. Ma-
ny have already removed, and others are pre-
paring to go; and with the CXCCPUOII Of 1W0
small bands, living in Ohio and Intltanat ROI
exceeding fifteen hundred persons, and 0l the
Cherokees, all the tribes of the east Side Of the
Mississtppi, and extending from Lake Michigan
to Florida, have entered into engagements which
will lead to their transplantation.
The plan for their removal and re-establish-
mentis founded upon the knowledge we have
gained of their character, and habits, and has
been dictated by a spirit of enlarged liberality.
A tertitory exceeding in extent that relinquished
has been granted to each tribe. Of its climate,
fertility and capacity, to support an Indian pop-
ulation, the representations are highly favoraple.
To these districts the Indians are removed at
the expense of the United States ; and with cer-
tain suppies of clothing.'arms, amrnnniton, and
other indispensable articles, they are also for-
nished gratuitously with provisions for the peri-
od of one year after their arrival at their new
homes. In that time from the nature of the
country, and of the products raised by tlietn,
they can subsist themselves by agricultural la-
bor tf they choose to resort to that mode oflife ;
if they do not, they are upon the skirts of the
great prairies, where countless herds of buffa-
lo roam, and a short time suflices to adapt their
own habits to the changes which a change of the
animals destined for their food may require.
Ample arrangetnents have also been made for
the support of shcools : in some instances coun-
cil-liouses and churches are to be erected, dwel-
lings to be constructed for the cheifs, and mills
for common rise.
Funds have been set apart for the mainten-
ance of the poor; the most necessary mechanic-
al arts have been introduced, blacksmiths, gun-
stttitlis, wheelwrights, millwrights, .s€c. are sup-
ported among them. Steel and iron, and some-
times salt are purchased for them; and plonghs,
and other farming utensils, domestic animals,
lootns,;spitming wheels, cards, &e. are present-
ed to them. And besides these benegcial ar-
rangements, annuities, are in all cases paid, am-
onnting in some instances, to more than thirty
dollars for each individtial of the tribe, and in
all cases sufficiently great, if justly divided and
prudently expended, to enable-them, in addition
to their own exertions tolive comfortably. And
as a stimulous for exertion, it is now provided by
law that “in all cases of the appointment of in-
terpreters, or other persons employed for the ben-
elitof the Indians, a preference shall be given to
persons of Indian descent, if such can be found
who are properly qualified for the discharge of
the duties."
Such are the arrangements for the physical
comfort, and for the moral improvement, of the
Indians. The necessary measures for their po-
litical advancement, and for their separation
l'rorn our citizens, have not been neglected. The
pledge of the United States has been given by
Congress, that the country destined for the res-
idcnce or these people shalt ha rurevcr "secured
and guarantied to them.” A country, west of
Miseonri and Arkansas, has been assigned to
them, inio which the white settlements are not
to be pushed. No political communities can be
formed in that extensive region, except those
which are established by the Indiansthemselves,
or by the United States for them, and with their
concurrence. A barrier has thus been raised,
fortheir protection against the encroachments of
our citizens, and guarding the Indians, as far as
possible, from those evilslwhich have brought
them to their present condition. Summary au-
thority has been given, by law, to destroy all ar-
dent spirits found in their country, without wait-
ing the doubtful results and slow process of a le-
gal seizure. I consider the absolute and uncon-
ditional interdiction of this article, among these
people, as the first and great step in their mell-
oration. H alf-way measures will answer no
purpose. These cannot successfully contend
against the cupidity of the seller, and thelover-
powering appetite of the buyer. And the de-
strnctiveelfects of the traflic are marked in ev-
ery page of the history of our Indian inter-
course.
Some general legislation seems necessary for
the regulation of the relations which will exist
in this new state of things between the govern-
ment and the people of the United States and
these transplanted Indian tribes; and for the es-
tablishment among the latter, and with their own
consent, of some principles of intercommuuica-
tion which their juxtaposition will call for, that
may be substituted for physical force; the au-
thority of a few simple laws for the tomahawk,
and that amend may be put to those bloody
wars, A\Il0S8 prosecution seems to have made
part of their social system. .
After the further details of this, arrangement
are completed, with a very general subversion
over them they ought to be left to the progress
nf events. These, I indulge the hope, will se-
cure their prosperity and improvement, and a
large portion of the moral debt we owe them will
then be paid.
The Report from the Secretary of the Navy,
_ ization, voluntary association were en-
ged, and inducements held out for their for-
1, our militia would be in a state of elli-
ervice. Now. when we are at peace, is
_ per time to digest and establish a practi-
system.-—The object is certainly Worth
ariment, and worth the expense. No one
_' ttingthe blessings of a republican gov-
7: ', can object to his share of the burden
tch a plan may impose. Indeed, a mod-
:tion of the national funds could scarce-
er applied than carrying into effect and
I gsnch an arrangement, and in giving
",1 ary elementary instruction.
t happily at peace with all the world.
A desire to continue so, and a fixed de-
_n to give no just cause for offence to
ms.fnrnish,unfortunately, no certain
' expectation that this relation will be
-fitted. With this determination to give
" associated a resolution. equally deci-
: y to submit to none. The armor and
Wgeof defence afiord the best security
. lpsc” COIIISIODB Which the ambition, or
7 pr some other passion of nations, not
ii; liable, is liablcto prorlucc, In many
It.-.‘=‘*;;.it is considered unsafe to put arms in
_ of the people. and to instruct them
~; ,-_‘‘I xments of military knowledge. That
* £3, iavc no place here, when it is rcccolect-
the People are the sovereign power.
;'~,.1fi,,:rrtt'ttent was instituted; and is support-
’.>',:,,§_“3lJi1lltit-box, not by the ntuskot. What-
i‘;£t;;’/t.t,fcs u.\\al[ it, still greater changes must
,'=\‘,Slt1 our social institutions. ltclltrc 01”‘
- ‘h‘l€t'r1 cart yield to ph 'slc.',il force, In
-‘S-lv"',*t'l10FCftirc. in which 1 view the sub-
. 5
.-;, ,l
._,.:r
.,_,
_,.. \3‘,._~,_ s .. . ‘-
r-‘—?5T“‘ ~;‘=-x.- .-
showing the condition of that branch of the pub-
lic service, is reccomended to your special at-
tention.-—It appears from it, that our naval force
at presentin commission, with all the activity
which can be given to it, is inadequate to the
protection of our rappidly increasing commerce
This consideration, and the more general one
which regards this arm of the national defence
as our best security against foreign aggressions,
strongly urge the continueance of the measures
which promote its gradual enlargement, and a
speedy increase of the force which has been
heretofore employed abroad and at home. You
will perceive, from the estimates which appear
in the report of the Secretary of the Navy, that
the expenditures necessary to this increase of its
force, athough of considerable amount, are small
compared with the benefits which they will se-
cure to the country.
As a means of strengthening this national
arm, I also recornend to your particular atten-
tion the propriety of the suggestion which at-
tention of congress at its last session, reepecting
the enlistment of boys at a suitable age in the
service. In this manner a nursery of skillful
and able bodied seamen can be established,
which will he ofthe greatest importance. Next
to the capacity to put afloat and arm the requi-
site nutnbcr of ships, is the possession of the
means to man them efliciently: and nothing
seems better calculated to aid this object than
the measure proposed. As an auxiliary to the
Ciul marine, it would furnish us with a resource
anticipated. Consideringthc state of our rc-
advarttagcs derived frotn our extensive comma‘
appears that the revinue of‘ that department du-
ringthe year ending on the 30th day of June
last, exceeded its accruing responsibilities $237,
206; and that the surplus of the present year
is estimated at $176,227. It further appears
that the debt of the department, on the first day
ofr.Inly last, including the amount dtie to the
contractors forthe quarter tltcn just expired, was
about $1,064,381, exceeding the av_ailable means
about $23,700; and that on the 1st instant,
about $597,077 of this tlcbt had been paid;
$400,991 ot.tt of postages aeruing before July,
and $187,086 out of postages accruing since.
In these payments are included -$67,000 of the
old debt due to banks. After nialting these pay-
ments, the department had $73,000 in bank on
the Isl inst,
partment is entirely free frotn enibarrassrnept‘
and that, by collcctingthe outstanding ballanccs,
and usingtlie citrrent surplus the remaining por-
tion of the bank debt, and most ofthe other debt
would probably be paid in April next, leaving
thereafter a heay amount to be applied in extend-
ing the mail facilitiesof the country. Reserv-
ing a considerable sum for the improvmentof
existing mail routes it is stated iha the department
will be able to sustain with perfect convenience,
an annual charge sf $300,000 for the stipport of
I'l€\V TOUICS, I0 COIIIIIICIICC «'18 SOOII as they can
be established and put in operation.
The measures adopted by the Postmaster
General to bring the means of the department
into action, and effect a speedy extiuguishment
ofip,‘ debt, as well as to produce an efl"1cientatl-
minign-m',’9n ofits affairs, will be found detail-
ed at lengu, 1,‘; his able and luintnous report.-
Aided by 3 reorgagizatton on thepriticiples
suggested, and such salt’.‘—.l3l‘Y l’,r°"'S"’."S I." ‘he
laws regulating its administrt'2."""3 dimes 35 the
wisdom of Congress may devise .0!‘ 3l‘P“?"et
that important department will soon .3“ai-'_3 3
degree of usefulness proportioned to the 1“:
crease of otir population and the extension or
our settlements.
Particular attention is solicitedrto that por-
tion of the report of the Postmaster General
which relates to the carriage of the Mails of
the United States upon railroads constructed
by private corporations under the authority of
the several States. The reliance which the
General Government can place on these roads
as a means of carrying on its operations, and
the principles on which the use of them is to
be obtained, cannot be too soon considered and
settled. Already does the spirit of monopoly
being to exhibit its natural propensities, in at-
tempts to exact from the public, for services
which it supposes cannot be obtained on other
terms, the most extravagant compensation. .
If these claims he persisted in, the question
may arise whether a combination of citizens,
acting under charters incorporation from the
states, can, by a direct refusal, or the demand
of an exorbitant price, exclude the United
States from the use of the established channels
of communication between the different sec-
tions of the country ; and whether the United
States cannot, without transcending their con-
stitutional powcrs, secure to the post oflice de-
partment, the use of these roads, by an act of
congress which shall provide withinitself some
equitable mode of adjusting the amount. of com-
pensation. To obviate, if possible, the neces-
sity of considering this question, it is suggest-
ed whether it be not expedient to fix by law,
the amounts which shall be offered to rail road
companies for the conveyance of the mails,
graduated according to their average weight,
to be ascertained and declared by the postmas-
ter general. It is probable that a liberal pro-
position of that sortwotild be accepted.
In connection with these provisions in re-
lation to the Post Oflice Department, I must al-
so invite your attention to the painful excite-
ment produced in the south, by attempts to
circulate through the mails inflammatory ap-
peals addressed to the passions of the slaves,
in prints, and in various sorts of publications,
calculated to stimulate them to insurrection,
and to produce all the horrors ofa servile war.
our countrymen who can be so far misled as
to feel any other sentiment than that ofindig-
nant regret at conduct so destructive of the
harmony and peace of the country, and so re-
pugnant to the principles of our national com-
pact, and to the dictates of humanity and reli-
gion. Our happiness and prosperity essenti-
ally depend upon pcace within otir borders-—
and peace depends upon the maintenance, in
good faith of those compromises of the consti-
tution upon which the nuion is fotinded.
It is fortunate for the country that the good
sense, the generous feeling, and the deep-root-
ed attachment of the non-slaveholding states to
the Union, and to their fellow-citizens of the
same blood in the Sotith, have given so strong
and impressive a tone to the sentiments enter-
tained against the proceedings of the misguid-
ed persons who have engaged in these uncon-
stitutional and wicked attempts, and especial-
ly against the emissaries from foreign parts
who have dared to interfere in this matter, as
to authorize the hope, that those attempts will
no longer be persisted in. But if these expres-
sions of the public will shall not be sufficient
to effect so desirable a result, not a doubt can
be entertained, that the non-slavehold ing States,
so far from courttenancing the slightest inter-
ference with the constitutional rights of the
South, will be prompt to exercise their author-
thority in suppressing, so far as in them lies,
whatever is calculated to produce this evil.
In leaving the care of other branches of this
interesting subject to the state authorities, to
whom they properly belong, it is nevertheless
proper for Congress to take such measures as
will prevent the Post Office Department, which
was designed to foster an amicable intercourse
and correspondence between all the members
of the confederacy, from being used as an iri-
strtiment of an opposite character. The Gen-
eral Government, to which the great trust is
confided, of preserving inviolate the relations
created among the states by the constitution, is
especially bound to avoid in its own action,
any thing that may disturb them. I would,
therefore, call the special attention of Congress
to the subject, and respectfully suggest. the
propriety of passing such a law as will prohib-
it, under severe penalties, the circulation in
the southern states, through the mail, of in-
cendiary publications intended to instigate the
slaves to insurrection.
I felt it to be my duty, in the first message
which I communicated to congress, to urge
upon its attention the propriety of amending
that part of the consituation which provides for
the election of the president and the vice pres-
ident of the United States. The leading ob-
ject which I had in view was the adoption of
some new provisions, which would secureto
the people the performance of this high duty,
without an; intermediate agency. In my art-
nual communications since, 1 have enforced
the same views, from a sincere conviction that
the best interests of the country would be pro.-
tnoted by their adoption. If tie subject were
an ordinary one, I should have regarded the
failure of congress to act upon it, as an indica-
tion of their judgement, that the disadvplttages
which belong to the present system were. not
so great as those which would result from tiny
attainable substitute that had been submitted
to their consideration.
introduce a new feature in our fI_1:tdarnent;;,‘,
laws cannot be too patieutlj,’ extttiiiii_',,¢';,' and
Ollghl not to be t‘CCCl‘,’Ct1 with favor, until the
The pleasing assurance is given, that the d_e-,
interest which are deemed worthy ofyour considera-
Therc ia, doumloes, no__re.spectable portion of, . «
great body of the people are tliorougly impress-
ed with their uecessit and value, as ,1 remedy
_ _ for real evils,I fault at in renewing the re-
aniplc enough fornll the exigencies that can be ('o1])fn(§nda[iQn§I have he,-e,qfm.e madeon this
subject, I out not trauscetidiiig tlie'bounds of
sources, it cannot be doubted that whatsoever a just deference to the sense of Congress, or to"
its most important securities" consists in the se-
paration of the Legislative and Executive pow-
ers, at the same time that eaclt is‘ held respon-
sible to the great source of authority which is
acknowledged to be supreme, inithe ’will of the
people ((]‘0nSlllllll0nt'tll_V egpressedl. _ My r‘c_flcc-
tion an experience St'.tllS y me tiat t e ram-
ers of the Constittition, althoitgh they were
anxiotis to mark this feature as a settled and
fixed principle in the structure of the Govern-
ment, did not adopt all the precautions that
were necessary to secure its practical observ-
ance, and that we cannot be said to have car-
ried into cornplcte effect their iutentiops until
the evils ylitcli arise from this organic defect
are reme i,ed. ’ ' " "
Co_risidei'ing the. great extent of ottr Co_nfed-
eracy, the rapid increase ofits population, and
‘ the diversity of their interests and pursuits, it
tgplpigptobe .(l_I)lSgllllsc(Ir 1tlliat.L the ]crtintiq_getn.c‘y by
' I no mac: 0 ie egts a ure is 0 orm
itself into an electoral college, cannot bceo_me
one pfqrppittry 0r(I‘Cl‘l.l‘I‘eQ‘(;(i3], \tVllIl0ltt.}t)t'0((1lUé!lllg
inca cti _a e misc ie . a was in en e as
the medicine ofthe constittition in extreme cas-
es, cannot be frequently used without charging
its chafpctérr, q]rid,.sooner or later, producing
iucttra ye isor er.
Every election by the House of Representa-
tives is calculated to lessen the force of that se-
curity whicli is derived from the distinct and
separate character of the legislative and exe-
cutive functions, and while it exposes each to
temptations averse to their ef_t_ica'cy as organs
of the constitution and laws, its tendency will
be to unite both in resisting the will ofthe peo-
ple, and thus give a direction to the gover_r_i-
merit anti-republicati and dangerous. All his-
tory tell its that a free pe,ople should be watch-
ful of delegated power, and should never ac-
quires in a practice which will diminish theircon—
trol over it. ’l‘liis obligation, so ttuivprsal in its
application to all the principles of a republic is
lpecttliarly so in ous, where the formation of
‘p,,_*.ties founded on sectional interests is so mttch
fostered by the extent of onrteritory. _
‘rests, represented by candidates
These Into. _ I . I
for the Presidency, 3l'3‘°°“_5‘am Y P‘'0"ea "‘ {I9
~ objects, to generate tn-
zeal of party and selfish
fluenccs unmiadful of the g".°“‘3-‘:a1 _g°°d' Md
forgetful of the restraints which t'..‘.e Sic”! b°d.y
of the People would enforce, if they ,“'‘"'5:_ I"
no contingency, to lose the right of cxpress".'"g|
their will. The experience of our country,
from the formation of the Government to the
present day, demonstrates that the People eati-
not too soon adopt some stronger safeguard for
their right to elect the highest officers known to
the Constitution, than is coritained in that sacred
instrument as it now stands.
It is my duty to call the particular attention
of Congress to the present condition of the Dis-
trict of Columbia. I earnestly recommend the
extension of every political right to the citizens of
the district which their true interests require.
Your attention is also invited to the defects
States—As at present organized, the States of
the Uniott derive unequal advantages from the
Federal Judiciary, which have been so often
pointed out that I deem it unnecessary to repeat
gress will extend to all the States that equality ,
in respect to the benefits of the law ofthe Unioti
which can only be secured by the uniformity
and efficiency ofthe Judicial system.
With these observations on the topics of general
tion, I leave them to your care, misting that the le-
gislative rncasnreu thev call for will be met as the t
wants and the best interests of our beloved country
demand. ANDREW JACKSON.
Washington, 7th December, 1835.
l
NORWALIC GAZETTE. ‘
TUESDAY. DECEMBER I5. 1835. t
THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
This document, which we lay before our 1
readers to day to the exclusion of almost every
thing else, has been looked for with much inter-
est—an interest which, since the inauguration
of our present cfiefmagistrate, has been annual-
ly increased. The fact that its opinions area
law to the party and a decretal to the whole
country, from the force of executive influence ex-
erted upon the action of Congress, progressively
becoming the controlling and absorbing power.
directs us to a recognition of the immediate and
legitimate source of this interest —it directs us
to the president himself, whose prerogative
admits of no definition. Hence the prevailing
desire has been to know, not what was to be the
decision of the representatives of the people, but
the dicta of the president ; and this having been
ascertained, all anxiety ceased. He, fully aware
of his powerin this respect; and to secure the
favor of the public. either to approve the acts
of our national legislators, if concurrent with
his requisitions; or to intimidate and instruct
them if adverse--proceeds to make out his case
in the matter of the French indemnity, in such
a way as not only tojnetify his own indiscretion,
but also to make a recourse to hostilities a patri-
otic measnre. With this view, he gives us an
artfully arranged narrative, with such glosses
and comments as may steal upon the confidence
and secure the assent of his readers. The most
aggravated circumstances of the French _spolia-
tions are laid bare ; an ezparte statement of our
negociations is given with great particularity;
the substantial reasons of the French cabinet for
the repeated adjournments of the Chambers are
merely hinted at to begfalsified; the ministry is
charged with bad faith for having acceded to the
amendment of Gen. Valaze, while it is well
known that withoutit, the bill would have been
lost; an apology is perernptorily and ostenta-
tiously denied where none has been demanded.
And all this is done to mislead public opinion.
With much appearance of fairness, this part of
the message is written with consummate art.
while an intention toinsult the Fje-‘~,ch cha,a,_.,e,.
is disclaimed. And upon ‘(ht-G w1,,_,1e, we W0.“-,d
110i be SU’TPTl5°d"'-I10". in we do not expect it...
l° 5°C F”-“Ice afitoptiug it as the required salvo
I0‘,-'16!‘ W0l"‘.'tlcd honor; and by separating the
Recollccting, however, that proposltlflns to l explanations from the insults, take it in a kinder I
spirit than the “peaceful remedy" of roprisals.
May she do so; if not, and war must ensue, we
shall stand by our country right: or wrong. But,
until then, this question has in it too much of’,
applause of the press.
'War is evidently the desire of the President.
War is his delight ; and iftherc were not at pre-
P, SVHII _l'llc.ltl)pt).t’lallc(: of _a provision the liberality and wistloiti of‘ gongress t_h"p disposition 9f me peoplg, I-Iowcygp much
4 , rgtlntzatiott of the mili- may now adopt], ‘Vt-llll)1 a \;‘t0\V~ to the pc.,f‘.ep_t or-g \V?%ll13,§{ggl?q‘$‘ I , _ V‘ . easures de,e,m;,,a,-,0,, ,9 sucjmn issue, why pfis med-
“,-‘,J“.\.I\:,A’,,,‘-,‘;.v,,,,="t,ll|lt] the settled portions of zehs. it .- 1, I ‘_§,‘;jt,,,g "I '3' “iv, ~ /1 ,:,‘.;"_tt~*.'.,*“,_a_({gg.“: 6 ,,u(g nsibility, in this. document. at this time,
‘t‘_,., /_ “.3 ,fl4,;,‘,,,,‘,‘ db ,. , , ,., .dc I-,1, , ,,r,__ ,1 _,:4,,,, in _3:‘1£ ’ on its .,-...,_.v--.........._~v .,...,l;t. lt'a~-‘A been
"-9--.... _ 2
II
twenty dollars":-
tribute this to iguorait
In either case, it is discre
mended,by which the electiors of President may
be kept from devolving upon the House of repre-
sentatives ;
about the dangers to be appcrheuded from col-
which exist in the Judicial system of the United lusion between the executive and legislative
bodies. A matter in which the writer has had
some experience; although the expressions may
appear raIher uugracious to those whose “pliant
themltere. It is hoped that the present Cott- hinges ofthe knee” have been made supple by
may be set down as so much said for the suc-
cession. For our part, we would rather see I
ourpresidcnts exliibitingasc rupulous conform- I
ity in their actions to the spirit of the constitution,’
The constitution requires no amendment , and
its requisitions and provisions have been amply
sufficient to preserve intact the purity and inde-
pendence of Congress under the administartion
of all our former presidents.
of the Senate will remain as a flaming beacon
audacity and incroachment. \Ve go for the con-
stitution as itis, and for such men only as will
support it as it is.
prove no proposition for an attempt to suit it to
any sagacious politician. It has become too
much a vice of late to complain of the constitu-
entitled to public confidence for their wisdom.
And we are sorry for it. A president recom-
mendinga virtual violation of constitutional law,
a censorship of the press, and appealing to our
state legislatures for restaining enactments-
presents but a sorry spectacle to jhe eye of the
friend of liberty. The cure of this evil must
be left to public opinion.
it,‘ it must go on.
three millions.of slaves is not to reckoned upon
as the price of the liberties of ten millions of
freemen.
brought against him for such offenses, the presi-
dent shows great sensitiveness upon the subject
if the “exercise of powers not clearly granted."
Those who are sick of a surfeit are full of wise
saws upon diet. He is also very anxious that
congress should provide laws to secure the custo-
dy of the public monies, and to restrain “execu-
tive discretion,” in the matter of their disposition.
Congress must be something like old Brabantio,
if it do not obey these injunctions, who Iago, tell
At the same time, the explanations contained in | at W89l‘l"8“3“,, on Sunday, the Gilt in’: t. His digeaae
Livingston's letter are substantially rP,’,te,~,-med, “"‘5 e“l“Lgenrent of the heart. Ralph I. lngersoll,
party cunning and ratrc-our, for: us to echo thel
received assatisfaetion in full? Had it been the
president's desire to coneiliate the French govern-
ment, here was an opportunity for doing so.
No concessions were required. It was only
necessary to omit oficnsitre expressions, which
woultl have cost‘. nothing. \Vhy Wasll not C1006 I
Because the party want a war. All that France
could require, all that we C0l1ltlglV3’a“d °"°")’
thing thathopor required on ei1ll8I'h3“d""Va3
the simple denial of an _inteut‘L0n 10 insuli-
\Vhcre was the degradation in making _S11¢h 3
daclaration '! For our part, we can see nt.‘.De-
Indeed, it is made already ; but only as a vehicle
offresh indignity.
Then again, the President, had I)8'€0§)fi)l'I1'l~e(I
to such a requisition, has, in the most artful
manner, so arranged our dipomatic intercourse
with that nation as to preclude the possibility of
its acting upon this message, before retaliatory
measures shall heve been taken, from which it
may beltnpossiblc to recede. He has instruct-
ed our Charge at Paris to make a new demand 3
and. if refused, to return home immediately.
His arrival hourly expected. \Vhen he shall
arrive, the President will seize itpou the accasion,
to send to Congress an inflammatory pies_sa_gp,
directing-for his anxity will hardly permit a
simple _rocon'_uncdation—tlie passage of some
law respecting French Commerce, which will
lead to a declaration of war. This, we take it,
must be the necessaryyconsequences of sucli an
arrangement—made, we cannot _d,o,t_i_li_t_, which
such _t_irt intention.
The President is mad again upon the subjcc,
of the United States Bank ; and _the lunacy now
partakes of a more general anti-rnonopolist _an,d
anti.-bank charact_cr_. He exults in the fruition
of his scheme for g_ivingt_he,conntry a better cur-
rency, which he says has been suc,c,essfu_l; and
claims fresh praise forhaviag removed the pub-
lic deposites. In these instances he is manifestly
in advance of facts. He lik.e.wse anticipates the
'_vne as near at hand wliena gold and silver
c,m.e,,;y will‘ take the place of all bills under
We do not know whether to at-
:-e om desire to deceive.
Jitable to the writer.
IU” For the omission of advertisements, (5-c. this
week, we claim the indulgence of our patrons.
DIED,
At Nowtoivn, on the 6th Dec. in-t. after a protract-
ed illness, which slie herewith Christian resigna-
tion, Mrs. Sarah Blackmun, wife of Samuel C.
Blackman, Esq. iii the‘ 59th year of her age.
RENCH «Sr ENGLISH MERINOES, of every
desirable color, price "and qnalit_v,jtlst rec'd by
Dec. 15. 1835. WILLIAM GALE.
ROAD CLOTHS &. CAS,SIMERS.-—William
Gale has just received a large assortment of
Broad Cloths, Cassirpcrs and Satinettb, which he
gef.‘ very low. Dec. I5, 1835.
-————L
LEIGH ttt;LLs'.—3o string: Sleigh Bells, 5??
rec'd and nor sa_|e by WM- J: STREE1‘.
Norwalk. Dec. 15):‘ . _5
KATES.-12 doz. pair Holland and American
5-. Skates,_jnst rec'd and fbr sale by
Dec. 15. WM. J. STREET.
APPLES.—2 bls Apples for sale by
'1. A. VVEED.
FOR SALE, on the most reasonable terms, a
small farm, containing about twenty two acres
of land, with a good house and ham standing there-
on, lying in Wilton, (Beltlen's Hi|l,.Iio called) about
four miles from Norwalk brid;e- For further par-
ticulars, inquire of WILLIAM MEEKS.
I Norwalk, Dec. 15. 5 3;
0'I'lCE.—Tho Slips in the Congregational
Meeting House, will be rented for the term of
six months from the first of January next, on Mon-
day mp 215! inst. at 10 o'clock. ’
A. MA LLORY,
zCom.
6 It
T. n. BUTLER,
. J. PORTER,
Norwalk, Dec. 14. ‘
.0'I‘lCE.—Upon the application of the New-
_ town and Norwalk Turnpike Company, to II!
the Subscribers, Chief Judge of the Court within
and for Fairfield’ County. and Commissioners Oll the
turnpike road of said company. respectively, stating
that they capnot _any longer sustain their whole gate
in Reading. in said county, near the dwelling house
of David liull, and their half gate in VVeston near
the dwellmg house of Aaron B. Sturzes, by reason
that the said Hull and Sturges, the present gate keep.
ers, refuse any longer to take charge of the same :
flnii further stating, that public convenience and the
ln_teresls.of said Company require an alteration in *
the location of said gates; and praying that said
Wliple gate may be removed to a place on said road
opposite to or near the dwellinz house of Wallace
N,l'_t.-hols, and that said half gate may be removed to
1} lace on aid road near the dwelling house of Mat-
‘II9-.“{ Bullileyt both in said Weston-—We do appoint
the tire! 'I_t_resdtty ofJanuary A. D. 1336, at 5o’t.-loclr
afternoon. at the Court "House in Ftlirfield, in said
An amendment of the Cotistitutioil is T°C0m‘l
and there is some declamation
tifld decide upon said uppllcatjoti. Dated _at Np;-.
walk, the 10th day of Dec. 1935,
JOHN Q WILSON, Chief Judge.
0j_,,'YER C; SANFORD,
5 JACOB SEEKS.
I
3 Commissioners.
he unctiou of executive favor. But all this
ban rccommeeding alterations in its letter.
I Elbe ulldel‘5lgne(rIlflV;L‘E ,l_)e,en appointed
by the Court of Probate for the District of
Danbury, commissioners to receive, examine, and
adjust the claims of the several creditors of the estate
of William Benton. late of Reading, in said district,
deceased, do hereby give notice, tliatsaid court hath
limited and allowed six months from this time, for
-aid creditors to exhibit and prove their claims be.
fore as; and that we shall meet for the purpose of at-
ending to the duties of our said appointment, at the
ate residence of the deceased in said Reading, on
he 4th day of March and the 4th day of June next,
at 1 o'clock. P. M. on each of said days.
Commie
SIOIIBIB.
53¢
BENJAMIN MEEKER,
EDWARD COUCH,
Reading, l)ec. 7th, 1835.
The records
o warn future presidents against similar acts of
And, therefore we can ap-
he views or wants of party; or the opinions of
ion ;and the complaint comes from those little
HE Court of Probate. for the district of Nor-
walk, hath limited and allowed six months from
the date hereof‘, for the creditors to the estate of
David Lockwood, late of Norwallr, deceased, to ex-
hibit their claims for settlement. Those who neglect
to prrsent their claims, properly attested, within
said time, will be dr-barred a recovery. All persons
indebted to said estate, are requested to settle with
JACOB LOCKWUOD, Executor.
Darien. Dec. 9, 1835. 5 3:
EIGHT uontxns REWARD. , U,"
g'l'RAYED or stolen from the owner, on Monday
L morning Nov. 30th, or Sunday evening previous,
in white and yellow spotted setter DOG, a yellow
spot on one eye, a chain collar, and answering to the
name of Echo. Whoever will return said dog to Mr.
Fairchild or Mr. Peek, at Westport, shall receive
the above reward.
THUS. WELLS,
Westport, Nov. 30, 1835. 4 ti‘
.,..
The message touches upon the excitable
epic of the Anti Slavery Society’s proceedings.
50
premium will be_gtven.
BANK STOCK WANTED.
Shares capital Stock of the Stamford Bank
wanted by the subscriber, for which a high
Dec. 8, 1835. LAWRENCE M. STEVENS.
(/VHEESE.-.1500 lbs Cheese just rec'd and for
sale by C. BE
TIS,
Dec. 4, 1835. 4
And ifthat fail to do A
APLE CHARCOAL just rec'd and for sale by
C. BET'1‘S.
Dec. 4, 1835. No. 6, BuI'rall’s Building.
The security of a property in
As a foil, we would suppose‘, to the charges
us,was one of those who would not serve heaven
ifthe devil bid him. But we suppose Gen.Jack-
son, like the author of Lacon, is privileged to
make‘ maxims for other people, without being
required to practice them himself."
Upon the subject of the surplus revenue, the
message is profoundly obscure. The drift of it
being a desire to leave it untouched, that it may
serve for contingent expenses in the coming elec-
tion. Upon the subjects of the milttia‘, increase
of the navy, and the removal of the Indians
beyond the Mississippi—-these having no con-
nexion with the interests of party—it is unexcep-
tionable. As a whole, itiis contradictoryitl.i_',_,,
opinions, and greatly deficient in persf,,';cu;,y_
The old gentleman certainly comnifimds a gre‘-“er
variety of style in his publ_‘,c d0cu,,,,;ms. than
any writer knowtt tr’, the English‘ ‘,,,,,g,,age‘ I
._.———
S E ‘:9 regret to hen; um‘ “,0 Hon‘ NA."u,,
awn’ '5°““‘°" rm‘): this State, died very suddenly
‘SQ; ‘ll regarded as the most eligible man to succeed
We are also sorry to learn that Mr Calhoun has
been so seriously injured by the upsetting ofa stage,
as to prevent his immediate attendance in the sen.
ate chamber.
These accidents make serious inroads upon the
Whig majorities in that branch of our national legis-
ture, We are afraid Gm. Jackson will soon have
_both houses at his service.
- P. 8. Since the above was written, we have had
the additional regret to hear of the death of the
ROKE into the inclosure of the subscriber, ri-
bout ten days since. a buck SHEEP, with short
horns. The owner is requested to call, pay charges‘
and take him away.
USUAL WEED.
Darien, Dec. 3, 1835. 4 3:
ADIES’ FUR. STOCKS’-Just rec’d by Wil-
liam Gale, a large asst of Ladies for Stocks.
viz. 150 of the finest quality Lynx stocks, I00 G3.
net natural tfolor, 200 Coney and rich Fox do.
TO F.AntirEns“: ‘ I ,
HE Subscriber offers to exchange his Farm in
Montgomery county, state of New York, about
three hundred acres, with buildings tlteseon. One,
hundred is improved land, the remainder is heavily
timbered : with roads running through it which
make four corners near the centre. Said farm lie.
within three fourths of a mile ofa flourishing village
where there is one of the mostextenaive tanning, as-.
tabliahments in the United States. The farm is utel-3!
watered with springs of the first quality of WQQQI.
No section of the country is thought, 3“ bemo.-3
healtlty: ‘The 8b0\'C farm \VO|lId bf, éxchanged fog
oneln ltairfield county, Conn._ one ,w;;hm 5 (5.,
miles of the sen board wonlgf, 5'3 efgn-ed_ A mam
pa,-tltgular description can be ;,a,R[,,,d ‘an 3,,‘-orm,-,.
'.'s::..*'.'.°.‘::.:'.:.i*:."at:? a.‘:.i..“'**"-' D-v-«mo-2.
52 5‘ _: JUSTUS WHITLOCK.
L E A T H E R A T
? _New- Canaan.
Ag. 1! . & L. BOU'1_‘();-1,
1.9
several 0' ofo va’lo93>a‘-‘dunes-. -I IBUY ‘'50.
amp. _, _° S FPPEK ueatlier, with Seal, Morocco,
- ‘f'“'°l:'_ k_.'4lIS: all which they will sell as low,
fwd °l‘ 3-‘, good terms for payment as can be bought
"‘ ,N‘"n"Yovk or elsewhere, -
dept. 29, I835. 47
LACK 51- BLUE I’-OULT DE SOIE.-Wil-
liam Gale is opening splendid black and blue
Poul! do Sale and GT0 ‘lo Swiss silk for ladies dru-
ses and coats; 50 ps rich plain and figured heavy
gm do Berlin: and gros do Naps, wide indie, Sauna
sinchews and sarcenct colored tlorences, single on I
double width mattiona italittn Silk, green & blown
sarcinet black serge 20 boxes splendid hat and cup
Ribbons, the richest styles ever offered in this mar-
RPM 20 ps rich figured velvet ribbons, all colors;
5000 yds lustring ribbons from I 1.53:0 22_, wet, Q,
green, blue, blk, brown and every dggirable. color;
bead bags and purses. liosiery and gloves of every
style and description: .- “
";tmitt;‘stwat;-;.~..-.;....s . «—
and Newfriik prices. I Enquirgaqy Work
- ' - HEt\'1,’»Y B. CH SE.
No}'\?'.£%‘ti', Not/.17, 1335. - '
A
t Nov. 16, reps,
.,. , *3.
’_u_,,.,_,,. ,d.__‘ .it'."d.'9..'7F
tuiaativo ci.o'rns,
LARGE Addition to his former stock 31,5,
day received, and for sale low. by ' ' ii
1» M. S';!EYENS.
2
I
§on..Mr. VVrt.vrirArr, member of Congress from this
imty. '
it? Mr. Polk, who tmitnaci the P.-c’atdcqt,'g;§,=g;;;,.
elected speaker of the Hotigegifiiithe first\ball
‘ ' ._.!~. . , -s.".i. -'
will deserve more of the p?my~b_y,.};i..‘ _§ 35,,
Blair & Rives, pnblisheijf‘ .l_‘.,th A I
-£!I°{‘.?"rI 3 rintnu Qlgxllfl flag‘
’ ““""". , , K
and is a noisy-—nat an able-_r);-.%_,__ll’,{-ii‘-‘§,,,,j,},,,5—l,,,en ’_
fig».
z'-"‘¢-
. WANTED:
pprerittce to_ the Black 8.; White Smith has
’ '19 1!“ 3PPl.V hill Such as can numb
...d- WILCUX it rtovs.
b, Nov. 8, 1835. I 2
qnaniity of Hops. of this.” .‘.,t'..
Tresli s- - “t‘‘p'tiy‘‘!hg°-l3‘l
I age, Pu
county, as the time and plagze ofmeeting, to consider . .. .. .
*«_._.--..-ntv&. .
Norwalk Chronicler