T Vail against wlratever is Spanish.
‘ fensive to them to be called by this name ; they
l-iefrtals, on tlre_subjei:.t Of l_iil€i_|'_ ’(l"aCl-9 Will‘ ll‘?
.*e_astern' shore.
_ The government of Buenos._;Ayre_.s have a con-
fidential person to Etrrope, soliciting from Eng-
land and other powers, 1115 said, assistance of ev-
‘ cry kitrd, and a‘ recog-nitionioftheir independence.
l:‘._ngland has a consul, who, with her navalcom-
mander on that 'station,; appearetl to conduct the
confidential ,affairs of the British cabinet with
the government of Buenos Ayres. '
VVlrat effects the victory of Mttipu will produce
zibr0iitl,' it wottld be hazardous in me to‘conject-
ure. VVhether, like the capture of Burgoyne.
it will produce for the United l’rovinces-foreign
alliances, I cannot pretend to say. -.
From a source whichis entitled _to credit, I
was informed that the raising and embarkation of
0sorio’s army in Peru‘ was not without serious
difficulties. Alternate force and persuasiorr were
used to collect them,‘ and noitlii-fig but the name,
‘character and promises of their general,'cotrld
have itrduced them to go on board of the vessels
prepared for the purpose, at the port of Call-ao.
, Some of them were actually in a state of mutiny,
notwithstandingthey were told they would be re-
ceived with open amrs by their brethren in Chili.
The forces finally embarked, consisted of
326:? troops. This army was composed of all
the regular soldiers they could spare from Lima.
who were united at_Talcagtrna, to the royal for-
ces left in Chili. By the battle of Maipu it has
ceased to exist. The probable effects in Peru,
..and other parts of South America, «may be con-
.j’ectured,~ but cannot be affirmetl.
Icannot conclude this paper, without draw-
ing, your attention _to a rapid survey of the re-
forms and inprovements in the province of Bu-
enos Ayres, produced by the revolution, and its
influence on knowledge, society and manners.
The effects of the revolution are visible in the
‘changes produced in the state of society. The
differ;e_.rrr:e in the freedom of acting and thinking,
which preceded the revolution, must necessarily
be.gt‘ent. The i'reedon‘*r' of comnrerce must have
given Ll spring to exertions‘ of native enierprize
and intelligence, while the active scenes of war
and politics, for the last ten years, have awaken-
ed the genius of the conntry,which had so long
slumber-ed. The generation now on‘ the stage
may almost be said to lrave been reared trntlera
new order of things. The common stock ol
ideas among the people has been greatly aug-
mented ; the natural consequence of the impor-
tant political events which daily transpit-e, and in
which every man, like the ClllZ('l1 of Athens.
feels an interest. The newspapers are every
where citctrlated, together with the nranifestos
of the government, which is obliged to court the
approbation of public opinion on all measures or
moment. it is not very unusual f-.-r the same
Cotrntryman, who, a few yt-rars ago, ncvcr troubletl
hitrrst-if about any thing beyond the llilt‘FO\V cir-
cle of his domestic concerns, to purchase a news-
paper on coming to town as a matter of course.
and, if unable to read, to request the first one he
meets to do him that favor. Tire countr'y curaies
are, moreover. enjoined to read tlrejnewspapers
and manifestos regularly to their flocks. Tire
spirit of improvement may be seen in every
_thing. Even some of those who are under the
inlittence of strong prejudices against the’ revo-
» lution, frequently remark the cliangtzs for better
which have tatlictr place. 't‘heir habits, manners,
tlress, arid mode of living have been improved
by interc'tittr'se with strangers, and the free intro-
duction of for-cigrr customs, particularly English.
American and l*‘rench. Great prejudices pre-
It is even of-
p_rcfe1‘ to be indentified with the aborigines of
the country. The appellation which they lravc
assumed, and in which they take-.a pride, is that
of South Amt:l‘iC';lnS.
A powerful stimulus must necessarily have
i been giveri to their industry, by two importan;
circumstances, the dimtrnition in prices of for-
eign mcrchandize, and the great increase in val-
ue of the products of the country, with the corr-
sequent rise of propcr'.y. Tlrotiglr the grounds
in the ncighborlrood of cities are highly impro-
ved, asI have already stated, agriculture, com-
paratively speaking, is in a low condition. In
general, the lands ar'e badly tilled. The plough
is rarely used, and the substi*nt'e is a very indif-
fcrertt gone. But, nottvithstanding the disadvan ’
tages of the present method of culture, I was in-
formed_by reputable persons that the average
crop of wheat is not less than 50 bushels per a-
cr'e~",irr good seasons. -
Q11 the subject of religion, especially, the
clrairge in the public mind has been very great.
Tlre.,tcatlrolic'faithis established as that of the
state’, btrt there are man_y_advocat_t-s, both in con-
versation and in writing, of urriversaltoleration.
Some members of» Congress are strongly_ in fat-
vor of it, but the ignorant and superstition. "part
of the people, together with the r*cgttlar c ergy,
would not be satisfied with‘ such a measure-—
while the liberality prevailing among the better _
informed classes is such as to secure a virtual
toleratitm for the present. Besides, frorn the
circumstances of there being no sects in the
country, such a provision may wait the progress
of liberality in public opinion. In fact, -the hu-
man mind has been set free, on all matters of a
general abstract nature, although the liberty of
the press is circumscribed in some degree with
respect. to strictures on public measures and men
and the established religion ; but there is nei-
ther inquisition nor previous license. They
acknowledge‘ the pope as a spi_ritual,lread'mere-"
ly, and do not think him entitled to any authority
to interfere intheir temporal concerns. ' His bull
in favor of the king of Spain against the colo-
nists, which may be almost regarded as an ex-
communication, produced little or no sensation.
The number oftmonks or nuns never were
‘very great in Bucnos Ayrés, whencompared
with other portions of the Spanish dominions.--
They have diminished since the r‘evolti'tion.-’-
There was at one time a positive law passed, for-
Iibidding any; one. to become a monk or a nun;
‘but. they tvere-obliged to repeal it, ‘audit’ was af-
‘ neiro to the 4th nf'Uctobe:-.
vat
r
I
restricitions substituted, aided by pt‘rblic'ojiinioli,
have produced near'ly the desir-,ed_ effect. Few
bf the youth of the country apply themselves-.|to
tlre_ study of theology, since other btcupationts,
period to their-'clroic'e. Formerly; the priesthood
was the chief aim of young men of the best fam-
fact, it,consti_ttrtetl almost the only profession, to
which those who had received a liberal education
could devote themselves ; which will readily ac-
count for the circumstance of so many of the
secular clergy directing their attention, at pre-
sent, almost exclusively to polities. The regu-
lar clergy-, who are-not permitted, by the nature
of their profession, to take part in the business
of the world, or to hold secular offices, are many
of them Europeans ; buttlrosje of, them who are
natives, take the same li§*‘elyjiir,_ in passing
events, with the other .classes ti_l'tlf,e community.
They have gone cautioiisly§_tb ,_w,or".lt in reforms
in the different branches'of,;t‘heirirriurricipal laws,
and the adrnin'istr'ations of"thein.:‘. 'l’he'numb‘er
of offices has been corrsiderably:_L{di.minished, and
The judiciary system has undergone many im-
provements, and nearly all the leading features
of the law, which did not harmonize with the
principles of free goverment, have been expon-
ged, though some of the former evils still re-
main. The barbarous impositions on the abori-
gines have been abolished. The odious alcaval-
lo, and other obnoxious taxes, modified, so as to
he no longer vexatious—slavery, and the slate
trade. forbidden in future—and all titles of nobil-
ity prohibited, under the pain of the loss of citi-
:«:-.:rrs|-rip. The law~of primogeniture is also ex-
ptroged from their system. In the provisional
statute, as has already been stated, nearly all the
prrrrciples of free representative government are
l'LC()glIlZCCl, acconrpanietl. it is true, with certain
drawbacks, for’ which they plead the necessity of
the times, but which they profess their intention
to do away on the final settlement of the govern-
mcnt—a consummation anxiously desired by all
classes of inhabitants. The example of France
has’ iv-arnecl them not to attempt too much at
first ; they hate followed the plan of the United
States in the introtluctron of gradual reforms, in.
stead of r-eso‘t-ting to violent and sudden innova-
llUn'S and I‘cVtrltlti='»nS.
Next to the estirblislrment of their indepen-
dence by arms, the education of their youth ap.
pears to be the subject of the most anxious inte-
rest. They complain, that every possible impe-
:limt—.nt was thrown in the way of education pre-
vious to the revolution; that, so far from foster-
ing public institutions for this purpose, several
schools were actually prohibits-din the capital,
and the young men were not without restraint
permitted to go abroad for their edtrcaliorr-. -
Thcre was at college at Corclova,.at which thi ..
tlestinetl for the bar, or the priesthood, cornjL:..
ted their studies, upon the ancient monkislr p* ::.-
ciples. Another, called San Carlos, (now the
nion of the South) had been opened at But
Ayt-es, but was afterwards converted lntcw.-»
racks for soldiers. it is an immense bull’-f.r t-
more extensive, perhaps, than __anv iVl'liC‘i'.
been dedicated to learning in this country .
it has lately been fitted up at a very great exp . .«
..
last, on a more modern and liberal plan of
pline and instruction. The library of tlr
is kept in an adjoining building, it occnpi_e,s a
suit of six rooms, and contains nearly ttifellty
thousand volumes; the greater part rar'e‘ar‘r-(l
valuable. It is formed out of the library of the"
jesuits, the books crrllcctetl in the different mo-
rrasteries, donations from individuals, and an an-
nual appropriation by the government, and con-
:-ains works on all subjects a'nt.l,in all the langtra-
ges of the polished nu-ion:-r of Europe. A vt.-.r'y
valuable addition has been lately made, of sever’-
al t otrsand volumes, brought to Buenos Ayres,
by M. Bonpland. a companion of the cel‘elJr'ated
Humbolt.
Besides the University of Cordova. at which
there are about one hundred and fifty students.
there are public schools in all the principal towns
supported by their respective corporations. in
liuenos Ayres, besides an academy , in which art.-
taught the higher branches, and the college be-
fore nrentionetl, there are eight public schools
for whose support the corporation‘ contributes‘ a-
bout seven thousand dollars annually ; and, ac-
cording to the returns of last year, the number
of sclrolarstamounted to eight hundred and six-
ty four. There are five other schools, exclusive-
ly. for the benefit of the poor, and und_(_:r -th.
charge "of the different rntrnasteries ; thtésve are
-supplied with books and stationary at the Iptiblic
exptznce. There are also parish schools in the
country, for the support of which a portion of
the tithes has been lately set apart.
meet with a boy'ttn or twelve years-of age, in the
‘city ofiliuerros Ay res, xv ho Canrrot read and write. ‘
Besides the scholars thus ihstrn‘cted, malty lIu§'e'~
private tutors. ln addizionltol all tbiSs.;i1, mllfil
not ofiiit to mention the military. acadenjies sup-
ported by the government at Buenos Ayr’esVa:iri
'l‘ucurnan, at which there’ are a considerable num-
ber of cadets. ‘ ' '
‘ [Rcmrzinder next. vw¢eIr.]
_ —---_u--:::--xx---V " C
From’ Rio .7ancz'ro.-‘-By the arri-va1~,of the b‘rir,r
Janres Murdock. we-lr.ive advices frtim-.ttio Ja-
Apassenget‘ states
that Artig-as.'wirlr 800 troops. had been success-
ful in several late skirmishes with the Portu-
leagues distant from the Por'tt‘1t.rtre:-'.e litres at
Monte Video, he had an engagement with them,
in which he took 200 horses, and fromvbo to 60
prisoners, and lost but one man. Newisllajd just
reached Monte Video from Chili, that the Span-
islr Patriots had had several engagem‘ents on the
coast of Chili, and had been su'ccessful'in every
instance. A large Spanish ship had arrived at
Monte Video from the coast of Chili, where
she had been captured by the Patriots',_i_n anum-A,
ber of smallboats—-N.‘ Y. Sjrcctiitor.
‘ \
tefiiiards passed ,vvi‘tli'-éiime modifiicalioiit '
more tempting to their ambitioh, have been 0-‘
ilies, who were desirous ofjdistihction; as, in
responsibility rendered more direct and severe.—-
The school was to have opened in May or ?.:.,=.-.
ltis ‘rare to
guest: ; and about the 1st of September‘, three _i
»‘
V Limiiiiif’-The ~'Waslrington City Ciaieite
contains a despfrtch from a person in Lima, t_o his
friend in Cadiz, intercepted by the capture of the
an privateer. The ship is about 800 tons bur-
then, bound from Lima to Cadiz, loaded with
copper, cocoa, and near a million_in specie.--
Tltere were found on b_'oard many government
and private letters, which éhew the country to be
in, a- very alarming »state’._— This private letter
says that the royal regular troops in Lima are
not more than 30005--tlrat of this tlunrber the
Viceroy proposes to send ‘ 2000 to Talcuguana
with a view to engage the attention of the insur-
gent army ih Chili, and prevent their attempting
to invade Lima during the present year, and un-
til reinforced from Spain.’ That_ the Junta had
recommended a forced loan from the inhabitants,
of $1,000,600, which had caused almost trniver-
sal disgust--I-Tlrat he had put*$‘.20,000 on board
the Castilian, [now captured] believing it would
go safe, as she had.20 guns and was well man-
netl—--That he intended to realize all his proper-
ty and to return to Europe as soon as possible--—
_§}l‘bat.ithey had now no secure way of remitting
dollarsfby unarmed vessels, as the swarms of in-
surgent privateers capture every thing. The
.\vriter,.says further, ‘ The old curate of Arequi-
pa, whose revolutionary principles are not doubt-
ed by his best friends, and who has been confi-
goes in the Castilian.
ty as he is, but if government were to arrest all
the suspected, they would hardly know when
and where to stop.’ .. The old Curate was going
to old Spain to be tortured to death by the Inqui-
sition, fur favoring the‘. rights of man ;’ but a
good Providence has delivered l1lm—-the_Slll[) in
which he was confinedhas been captured by the
Patriots.-—.Regz'strr. _ i
From Cnraccas.--An official despatch from the
Governor of Cumana, states that having inter-
cepted the revolutionist’s correspondence, he be-
came apprised of their plan to attack Cariaco, and
accordingly assembled his forces there, which
was done without the enemy's knowledge ; that
the attack was made with 1500 men, on the 31st
Oct. but they were soon routed; and that the
royalists ptir-sued, and on one road, they counted
100 men killed, and took 300 muskets.
——-:H."-®-:'r:-u--—-
TRIAL OF ARBU'l HNOT 8: AMBRISTER.
\Ve regret our inability to re-publish the whole
of the proceedings before the Court Martial or-
ganized for the trial of Ar-buthnot and Ambrister.
These documents occupy about 12 columns of
the National lrrtelligencer, “ and bring to view,
-(says the Register) a number of letters, by which
ll appears that Arbuthnot corresponded with the
lndiair Chiefs, advised them to hostilities, fur-
ni-slrt d the Indians with munitions of \vaI'—w"i9ie
2?. .e infamous Col. Nichols, requesting hitiriift)
ait aid f_or the Indians lrom the British gov-
" -'ncnt-—ad\'ised the Indians not to adhere to
’ =: old treaty of Fort Jackson—told them that
4- British government would interfere in their
alf; and see that the lands which they" had
-. "led, did not fall into th‘e"'hands-,o,f the United
.Ltes—--That the treaty of Ghent (lid not recog-
";e such cession, &c.—--and by various other
T wings it appears that both Arbuthnot and Am-
~ istie, were engaged in the most active hostili-
ss against the United States, and were undoubt-
' - lly the chief cause of the continuance of the
tndian war in that quarter-—wlrilst the British
government and the United States were at
peace. _
The following is the General Order issued by
“Gen. Jackson on the conclusion of the trial.
HEAD QUARTERS, Division of the South.
ADJUTANT GENEmtL’s 01-‘mcrtz.
Cam/z 47217‘/es north Q/‘St. Marks, .4/zril 29; 1818.
GENERAL 0RDER.—At aspecial court martial,
commenced on the 26th inst. at St. Marks, and
continued until the night of the 28th, of which
brevet Major General E. P. Gaines is President,
was tr'ied A. Arbuthnot, on the following charges
arid specifications, viz:
Char-ge lsr——Exciting and stirring up the
Cr-rek Indians to war against the United States
and her citizens, be, A. Arbuthnot, being a sub-
ject of Great Britain, with whom the U. States
are at peace.
Clrarge 2d.—-Acting as a spy;'aiding, abet-
ting, and comforting the enemy, and supplying
them with the means of war.
Charge 3d.'—-Exciting the Indians to murder
and destroy 'vVm. Hambly and Edmund Doyle,
‘confiscate their property, andcausing their arrest,
lwith a"view to their condemnation to death, and
the seiztrre of their property. they being citizens
fof Spain, on account of their active and zealous
exertions to nfaintain peace between Spain, the
United States and the Indians.
To which charges the prisoner pleaded nol
iguilty. ’ _
The court. after mature deliberation on the
{evidence adduced, find the prisoner, A. Arbuth-
lnot, guilty of the first charge, and guil'y of the
"second charge, leaving out the words ‘ acting as
it spy ,-’ and after mature l'tflt‘.C[l_0Il, sentence him
j.~‘.. :\rbuthnot, to be susfzended by the neck until /re
;iz's dead. . ‘ C , .
\Vas alsottried, Robert C. Anibrister, on the
following charges, viz. — 4
Charge lst—Aiding, abetting. and comforting
the enemy, and strggplying them with the means
of war, he being a subject of Great Britain, who
are at peace with the U. States, and late an offi-
cer in the British colonial marines. ‘
Charge 2d--—Leading and commanding ‘the
lower Creek Indians in carrying on a war against
the United States. ' ,
'l'o which charges the prisoner pleaded as fol-
lows; to the first charge not guilty, to the 2d
charge, guilty, and justification. d_
The court, on examination of evidence, and on
. mature deliberation, find the prisoner, Robert C.
A mbrister, guilty of the 1st and 2d charges ; and
_clo,_.._therefot'e, sentence him to suffer death, by
lbieirig shot. The members requesting a recon-
"sidei‘ation of the vote on this sentence, and it be-
/
.S‘panislr‘lndia ship.Cast_iIian, by a Buenos Ayre-.
ned in irons in a dungeon ever since you left here _
Many others are as guil-1
a' ball and chain, to
dermontlts’. . , .
The Commanding
C886.
the prisoner, that he did lead and cc mrrzarzd with.
in the territory of Spain, (being a 5l,1,j¢.c,'Uf
Great Britain,) the lntlians in war against the U‘
States, those rations being at peace. It is an es-
ny individual ofa nation making war against 1]”,
citizens of any other nation, theyibeingat pea”
forfei_ts.his allegiance, and becomes’-an o,,,j,,,,:
and a pirate. 'This,is the .case of Robe” C.
Anlrbrister, clearly shown by thetevide‘nt:'e‘addu:
cec. - - ,.
ry, will have. between tlre hours of 8 8: 9 o’clock,:
a rope, until he is dcad,.and Robert C. Ambrisi
ter to be shot to dream, agreeably to the sentence
of the court. -
John James Arbuthnot will be furnished vvitli
a passage to Pensacola, by the first vessel. ’
The special court, of which Brevet Majo‘;-C,
neral P. Gaines is president is dissolved.
By order of Major General Jackson.
' ROBERT BUTLER, Adjutarit c..-.',.,,.,,r_
M2
;, Congress.
House or REPRESENTATIVES.
Dec. 4.*—_The House again resolved itself info"
a committee of the whole, on the bill reported
by the select committee for the relief of Battery
Beaumarchais, and on the question whether the
bill should be engrossed and read a third time,
it was decided in the negative—-Yeas 3], Nays
19.3 ; so the bill was rejected. [The debate on
this subject had been quite lengthy. This claim
15 for 1,000,600 livers-—it has been repeatedly
discussed-in Congress, and as often thrown out‘.
Dmrrng our revolutionary struggle, a,,d._[,ef0,g
l<rance had espoused our cause, a large amount
en-3
C0UmI‘}', under cover of a commercial house of
which M. Beaurnarclrais was the head. These
were obtained through the influence ofour agents,
and were considered as furnished at the expense
of the French government; but in the final ‘set-
tlement of claims, it was intimated on the part-
consequently no compensation was made on our
part. The advocates of Beaumarchais’ claim
C0Dt<=nd» that the supplies were furnished at his
expense, while those who are opposed to its 13¢-
mg allowed. insist that he acted merely as thea.
gent of his government, who made him ample.
remurreration at the time.]
Dcc. 7.—_-Mr. Johnson, of Ky. from tlrermili-
ltarycommrttee, reported a bill providing half
Pa)’ 501' "53--1- Y‘-'3T.$.» -to-the rviirlows and ofiicers of
such soldiers as died after their return lromie of
disease contracted in the army, which was twice
read and committed.
On motion of Mr. Floyd, it was resolved that
the committee on public lands be instructed to
enquire into the exptdiency of granting to each
state a tract of land, not exceetling one hundred
thousand acres, for the endowment of a Universi-
ty in each state. , . ,
Mr. Holmes, chairman of the ‘committee on
Foreign relations, rose to strbmit to the House a
difficulty, which embarrassed the proct-etiings of
the committee .of which he was chairman. In
the investigation of some of the subjects refer».
red to that committee, it found those subjects so
intimately connected with some confided to an-
other committee, that it wasdifiicult to proceed,
without infringing on matters not referred to its
consideration. He alludedgto the subject of the
Seniinolian war. That war involved our rela-
tions with a foreign power, which were ccmrnit- .
ted to a committee on foreign relations; but an
important incident in that w.ir, the execution of
Arbuthnot and Ambrister, was confided to a mil-.
ject, they could not well avoid the other. Mr.
H. then submitted a resolution, which was amen-~
ded to read as follows : - .
_Resolv_ed, That the committee on Military af-
fairs be discharged from the further consideration
of so much of the President’s Message as relates
to the trial and execution of Arbuthnot and Am-"
brister, and the conduct of the war with tht bem-
rrrole Indians, and that the same be referred to
the committee of Foreign Relations. '
Mr. Cobb tlrt.-uglrt it a proper subjectof inquiry
for the committee of foreign relations hr.-w three
subjects of Great Britain came to be corrdomnetl
to death by an American oflicer. In ltroking iii-
to this subject, there would be ftiuird some very
iriteresting questions, intimately connt ctt d with
our foreign relations. He found, for one, that
these trials established an entirely new prirtciple .
it}: thqlaw of pations. Hie fountj it announcetl by
t e conrmanttng genera , on I rat occasion» as
“ an establislred principle of the laws pf nations,
that any rntlrvrdual ol a nation making war a-.
‘gainst the citizensof any other nation, they be-
ing at peace, forfeits his allegiance, and be-ccmrs
air outlaw and a pirate ” This, Mr. C. said was’
a new principle to him, though it may be found
in some work on public law, from which ire had
not lC’é.l‘lif.(l what the law of nations was. He
the following: .
“ Vvith instructions to inquire whether in said
trials the constitution and laws of the U. States,
or the law of nations have been violated.” -
This motion was ‘agreed to. '
Mr. Cobb, then moved some further amend-
ments; but, A
Mr. Barbour conceiving the subject one. in:
tablished principal of the laws. of nations, that a-‘
in supplies was forwarded from France to this
itary committee 5 and, in proceeding on one sub- 1
then moved to amend the resolution by adding .
which it was important to decide rightly, thought .3 .
. irtg pad, rlré-'y §'tiit_¢~r re the jcrlscirér to ri:E;eiv9-
fifty stripes on his here back, and be confined Willi
hard labor for twelve calen-'
_ General approves the find-’
mg and‘ sentence of the court in tlrecase oft‘-A.-'
Arbuthnot, and approves the finding and-first
senrence_of the court in the case of Rtrbér-t C,-
Ambrister, and disapproics the r_e-consideration
of the sentence of the l;t.norab_le cturt in this
5.-
‘ ;
It appears, from the er-lderce ar-‘id pleading of I
The Commanding ‘Ct-neral orders that Bre,'.-ct ' .,_
Major A. C. ‘V. Fanning, of the corps of at-tine. .
a,
‘-.4.
\
ofFrancc that they had been given as a donation, ’'
*5
A. M. A. Arbuthnot suspended by the neck with if t if
,_--_—c«..,
Norwalk Chronicler