Nature is Right woman who sufiers in silence and accredits 'her suffering, at regularly recurring times, to an error of nature, makes the mis- take herself. Nature's methods of cleansing the system of im- purities are unaccompanied by pain or distifess. Abdominal cramps, or pains, preceding the functions peculiar to women are indications of disease of the vital organs. Buker’s Kidney Pills al- lay inflammation, assist nature and induce the normal action necessary to perfect health. A book ofinterest to suffe ers,free. Pills cost sec. at the dt‘uggists. Bufwr Pl?! Ca, Bangor, 132'. . . -o _ __,‘,,~-——-—-- -_.—~.__._. 0 D O EUREE ALL SKIN AND Illlllll IlEEASEE. Physicians endorse P. 1’. P. a: a splendid combination, and prescribe ". with grea‘ satisfaction for the cures 0’ ,1! forms an; stages of Primary, Seconds , and Tertiary :I,‘ fi‘éfil‘y-C‘.‘ “3 ,. . 9:2 . 2' . 'r 1. , hymn lls, Syphiiitic Rheumatism, Sex-om 11.4.. ""Mre and Sores, Glandular Swellira; trust’s-m, Malaria, 01d (:hn’mic'Uh er- ’ ave resisted all treatment, Catarrt it“: E @1353... fig”!!! Skin Diseases, Eczema, Chronic Female " :upiaints, Mercuxl‘lll’oisv "‘.,Tettcr,Scald -. tc.,etc. ’ ‘ ' c werfu mnic, sytesm rapidly 1‘. _ osv-lifsn systems are poisoned ant. whose blOGfl is in an impure condition, due if”... @URES o .illllkll. to menstrual irregulu: mice, are peculiarly benefitedby the wonderful topic and blood- czeanslng'prcperties of P. P. P., Prickly Ash. yoke Root and Potassium. LIPPMAN BROS, Proprietors, Wallis, Lippmn’s Block, SAVANNAH, GA Book on Blood Diseases mailed 11¢” ..B. i “ The kind Boss makes his Biscuits with. " PURE, STRONG, RELIABLE. Is the verdict arrived at by Chemical Analysis of BAKENG WWllER i Economy, Health and Satisfactory ... AAA A Results attend its 1.:sc. MANUFACIURED EV ’ i c. n. BOSS a sex, How London, Conn. A AL vvv 1- L a.. 1.. vvvvvv v v v New York Announcement. holds hairline itwrerenls the invest and choicest product ion s of the home and foreign markets. and in larger assortments than can be found elsewhere. Best values in all lines. if") if its Holidays. ..wlouo 'I‘lll‘s‘v cumin-fun thousands of articles. from ill-a iawxpi,-i:~:ivc. llric‘wr. The}: Chair 01' VVrit- in: 1) “1.. r.» the most .-xquisite Dressing Taniaa:.r(“nl.§m~:. ’l'ho—e desirous of select- inc: useful. handsome and over-welcome 13" lfduv (liftsmviil find ample choice in our vast stock. and :it all prices, plainly marked. :eautil‘nlly Illustrated Book: “Our American Homes and How To Fur- nish Them,” sent on request. R. .3. l'iorner & (30., . Furniture .‘tlalzers and Importers, (371, 63, 65, W. 230‘ St, N.Y, (Adjoining Eden Siusee). Homer 8: Cat’s establishment is one of the sights of New Yitirl:.-—Newspaper Comment. ...—5* DAILY GAZETTE . tlassified Business Directory“. View: a under this head $2.50 per line pert/ca INSURANCE, . 345.1 ii‘i‘v’ALii FIRE INS. 00.. Nin- successiu "eagerness Since 1860: no outstanding claims WWSON, (d. E.. Gazette bldg.. N, Invest- -.-...ent.s and money toloan, Also insurance writtenm b eat of compliment lowestrates ATTORNEYS .‘gi. QSBELL. J AMEB T. . 9 Water street . N. H 5. BLBUTT . J. BELDEN. Attorney and Counselor at Law ,room 4. ( up. a taste) Gazette Building. Nor-walk. .li'AJulL! «some saunas. GEORGE wilful. is'wilu st.. Seat goods'Teas and Coffees. Specxalties. I VERY STABLE risk-SN .11. E.. 8 River st..Liverv Stables y ' glhqfflgfili 6 ti h BaiMOND. iii ”BI-211' £14133" 9 en cues It: ES . P. W.Waterst..N : Steam. BtoneWcrk Bafonumeutaiand Bld’F- Horse Shdéing. Th ders' ned has taken the shop in theefggnt ot‘lg. T. Ruby’s on Cross st; set and if prepared to do horse shoeing m aim-c ass manner John '1‘. Lycett'. fi‘ “-x‘ .' W ' WASHINGTON LETTER. Congress has organized and is. again under way. The canons of republican senators Monday afternoon, although devoid of positive action, demonstrated the fact that a probable successful at- temt will soon be made to reorganize elective officers. 0 o o Congressmen Hill and Henry were fortunate in having their names called early in the drawing of seats. Mr. Bill secured the seat of his last republican gets Governor McKinley’s old seat. M5. llusSeli was not so fortunate, and wigh M r. Sperry had to take a seat in one of the back rows. 0 o 0 Senator Platt is at the Arlington, and General flawley is housekeeping 21191741 G. St. N. W. Congressmen Hill and Henry are at 1421 K. St.'N. W.; Sperry is at the Buckingham on 15th St., and ’Russell at the Hamilton on 14th. St. : u 0 U Patent Commissioner Seymour neat ovu: to Orange, N. J., and spent Snu- day with his family who are still guests of his mother. The latier is expected to accompany Mrs. Seymour here the present week and will pass the Winter with Mr. and Mrs. Seymour. They have taken a tarnished house in the nortL- west. o o o COliglCSS was promptly favored With the President’s message on its opening, Tuesday. it is variously criticised. One democratic senator said to me that "the President has used a great many words and taken a great deal of time to say a very httle."’ This is about the average criticxsm of both parties. 0 o o A Connectic’ut republican said the message was like the story of the little Norwalk boy who went to church for the find; time and said the minister "talked and talked and talked, and didn’t say ‘nothin.’ ”,, The fairest criti- cism would be to say that it ought to have been cOLfiued to at least one-half its length. ‘ o o o The President sent in the name of Ilufus W. Peckam; a. brother of Judge Wheeler I’eckam, of New York, to be a successor of the late Justice Jackson on the Supreme Court bench. ' o o 0 Patent commissioner Seymour walked to the capitol to-day. His bro-ken ankle is nearly healed. He expects "his fam- ily to arrive here Thursday. ,_ u o o , Congressman Hill expects Mrs. Hill to join him here tomorrow. 0 e 0 Many congressmen are impressed with the necessity of a general tariff revision to supply the Treasury with needed reveliuc. The independent Washing- ton Post ably seconds this. ’ o o o The Senate republicans are to hold a caucus tc-morrow. when Mr. Frye Will be nominated for president-pro-tem of the Senate. 4 0 0 0 The Connecticut contingent resident heae are to give a reception to our Con- gressional delegation at the Arlington, Friday evening. Where Postoffices Pay. Of the fifty-one political divisions of the United States, counting Alaska, the Indian Territory and the District of Columbia, the post-office business trans. noted in but ten of them shows an ex» cess of receipts over the expenditures. New York leads with an excess of $3,- 797,502.68, with Massachusetts second, at $1,517,544.59 ; the remaining eight states of this class show a gain of but $2,400,000, and of this amount nearly a million dollars comes from Illinois, for which the city of Chicago is largely re- sponsible. Theother states where it pays Uncle Sam to do a postoflice' busi‘ ness are Connecticut, Delaware, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania Rhode Island and Vermont. With the exception of Maine, every New Eng- land state is in the list, and Illinms is the only one west of New York. Ohio, on the other hum-i, shows an excess of expenditure:- . - tween two and 6three million dollui .~~, the greatest of any state in the union, while Nebraska and Ken- sas come next, with deficits of more than a million dollars each. _ Barringer-Canfield. - The house of George Caufield, “Drum Hill,” Wilton, was the scene of a pretty wedding Wednesday evening. The parties most interested were Mr. George Barriuger and Miss Nellie Can- field the oldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Canfield. The uuptlal knot was tied by the Rev. 8. W. Holmes. The ceremony took place in the parlor in front of an evergreen horse shoe which screened the organ upon which the wedding march was played by Mrs. George F. Canfield. After the cere- mony the happy couple were showered with the congratulations of the numer- ous guests. Ample refreshments were served and about eleven o’clock the bride and groom were driven to their new home on Belden Hill. The wed- ding presents'were numerous, pretty and useful. ' .>——O-I-——— ”Bound corner Milk Tickets at the GAZETTE office” the Senate in both committees. and, predecessor, Mr. Miles, and Mr. Henry " “it EEKLY - Non. WA on WANTED TO DIE. BUT DIDN’T. Addie Dryer, aged about 55 years, ctr; tempted to commit suicide by shootinc.r himself’in the neck‘ with a revolver, ; Wednesday alternodu at his home on Grove street, South Norwalk. Dryer, who is a half-brother of Mr. 5 J ohu Drescher’s mother, has been liv- ing with Mr. Drescher at No. 11 Grove street for about four months. For some time heohae displayed peculiar symptous and Mr. Drescbcr became cunvmced that he had gone daft, and in order to satisfy himself he requested Chief Voll- mer to go to the house and interview Dryer. , Chief Vollmer accompanied by Detective Gladstone walked down to the house in response to Mr. Drescher’s request. Dryer saw them coming, how- ever. and suspecting their errand, he ran upstairs and hid himself in the attic of the house. The two officers were informed of Dryei’s retreat and started up stairs all ter him. Detective Gladstone was in the lead, and just as his head uppeurud through the trap door leading into the attic, there was a blinding flash and it loud report. The Detective dropped upon the stairs, and the Chief asked him if he was shot. No, responded Gladstone, but I think he fired at me as ' my hat is gone. While satisfying themselves that neither of them had been hit they heard groans coming from Dryer. Hastilv climbing illluuglla the trap door they fuuud Dryer rolling about the attic floor with a pistol shot hole in his neck. The wounded man was carried down stairs and Dr. A, N. Clark summoned, who found that the bullet had passed through the front of his neck and lodg~ ed at the book, just missing the juglur vein in its course. The wound was dressed and Dryer questioned, but he refused to say anything about the shooting except that he was mud. The pistol with which the showing was done is of 82 calibre and was pur- chased by ryer yesterday morning. It is thought that Dryer had intended to commit suicide at some future time, but the sight of the officers coming to the house angered him and he fired the shot as soon as they entered the attic where he had concealed himself. The wounded men is apparauily all right to-day beyond the shot in his neck but still refuses to talk about the that matter. Hosptal Association Meetinar The annual meeting of the Notwalk Hospital association was held in the Library rooms in the Norwalk Club building, last evening. The old board of officers were re-elected with the ex- ception of the secretary. Mr. S.‘W. Velsor was elected to that office vice J. Arthur Pinneo, resigned. Messrs. Charles B. Stevens, John H. Ferris, S. W. Velsor and Ira Cole,were elected directors for three years. hit. Cole succeeds Mr. Pinneo ou the board. The officers are : Hon. John E. Fer- ris, President; Robert Van Bureu, Vice President; S. W. Velsor, Secre- tary ; Charles B. Stevens, Treasurer. Dr. J. G. Gregory, Thomas I. Ray~ mood and Rev. S. H. Watkins, Execu- tive Committee. The annual reports were read and or- dered on file. The proposed plans for the new hospit- al building were examined but will not be accepted until some charges have been made in the same. W. R. C. Officers. Elizabeth Turner of Massachusetts, of the Woman’s Relief Corps has ap- pointed these Connecticut women on her staff: Mrs. Maria M. C. Richards of Unicnville (state chaplain) and Mrs. Emma D. Parsons of New Britain, aids; Mrs. Nellie M. L’Hommedieu of Meriden, assistant national inspector; on committee on burial service for the unknown dead, Harriet J. Badge of Hartford. Miss Cornelia D. Bluekmau of Shelton is appointed installing officer in the Connecticut department, vice Mrs. Amelia A. Goss of Norwich, re- signed. Violently insane. Isaac Wardwell who was found wan- dering on the streets in Brooklyn on Sunday, is now temporarly confined at the Flatbush avenue hospital. Friends from this city went to Brooklyn Mon- day for the purpose. of bringing him home but his condition was such that it was deemed advisable to leave him at his present quarters until such time as his violence shallsubside, when he will be returned to the asylum at Middle- towu. He failed to recognize his friends who report him as being in a very seri- ous condition. V A. Refuse to Pay Bounties. At a special town meeting last aSatur- day Enfieldvoted to follow the course of several other towns in refusing to pay bounties under the unpaid bounlies’ law until the validity of the law is passed upon by the supreme court. A Lowell Mothers’ Testimony . Lowell, Mass" April 30, 1894.——“My little baby, now fifteen weeks’ old, has, since birth, suffered grpatly from wind 00119. All remedies failed to ease him until a lady friend recommended Dr. Hand’s Colic Cure. tried it, and would not be without it, and I grate- fully adv1se all mothers wishing a. sure remedy for colicky babies to try Dr. Hand’s Colic Cora—Mrs. A. L. Stur- tevant, No. 5 Simpson place.” Dr. ..Eand’s Remedies at H. R. Hale’s, 250 i; A Z l-J'l vatsmturs MESSAGE. . To the Congress of the United States: The present assemblage of the legisla- T tivo branch of our government .occurs at 3 n time when the interests of our people and the needs of the country give especial é prominence to the condition of our foreign ; relations and the exigencies of our na- tional finances. The reports of the heads of the several administrative departments of the government fully and plainly ex- hibit What has been accomplished within the scope of their respective duties and present such recommendations for tinr bet- terment of our country’s condition as pa- triotic and intelligent labor and observa- tion suggest. ' I therefore deem my executive duty adequately performed at this time by pre- senting to the congress the important phases of our situation as related to our intercourse with foreign nations, and a statement of the financial problems which confront us, omitting, except as they are related to these topics, 'uny reference to departmental operations. The Waller Case. The customary cordial relations between this country and France have been undis- turbed, with the exception that a full ex- planation of the treatment of John L. Waller by the expeditionary military au- thorities of France still remains to be given. Mr. Waller. l’rmnerly United States consul at Tamatavc, remained in Madagascar after his term of office expired and was apparently successful in procur- ing business concessions from the Hovas of greater or less value. After the occu- pation of Tamatave and the declaration of martial law by the French he was arrested upon various charges, among them that of communicating military information to the enemies of France, was tried and convicted by a military tribunal and sen- tenced to 20 years’ imprisonment. Following the course justified by abun- dant precedents. this government request- ed from that of France the record of the proceedings of the French tribunal which resulted in Mr. Waller’s condemnation. This request has been complied with to the extent of supplying a copy of the offi- cial record, from which appear the consti- tution and organization of the court, the charges as formulated, and the general course and result of the trial, and by which it is shown that the accused was tried in open court and was defended by counsel. But the evidence adduced in support of the charges—which was not re- ceived by the French minister for foreign affairs till the first week in October—has thus far been withheld, the French gov- ernment taking the ground that its pro- duction in response to our demand would establish a bad precedent. The efforts of our ambassador to procure it, however, though impeded by recent changes in the French ministry, have not been relaxed, and it is, confidently expected that some satisfactory solution of the matter -will shortly be reached. Meanwhile it appears that Mr. Waller’s confinement has every alleviation which the state of his health and all the other circumstances of the case demand or permit. The Bering Sea Award. The understanding by which the United States was to pay and Great Britain to receive a lump sum of $425,000 in full settlement of all British claims for dam- ages arising from our seizure of British sealing vessels unauthorized under the award of the Paris tribunal of arbitra- tion was not confirmed by the last cou- gress, which declined to make the neces- sary appropriation. I am still of the opin- ion that this arrangement was a'judicious and advantageous one for the government, and I earnestly recommend that it be again considered and sanctioned. If, how- ever, this does not meet with the favor of congress, it certainly will hardly dissent from the proposition that the government is bound by every consideration of honor and good faith to provide for the speedy adjustment of these claims by arbitration as the only other alternative. A treaty of. arbitration has therefore been agreed upon and will be immediately laid before the senate, so that in one of the modes sug— gested a final settlement may be reached. The Alaskan Boundary. The completion of the preliminary sur- vey of that Alaskan boundary which fol- lows the contour of the coast from the southernmost point of Prince of Wales is- land until it strikes the one hundred and , forty-first meridian at or near the summit- of Mount St. Elias a alts further neces- _-sary appropriation. which is urgently rec- ommended. This survey was undertaken under the provisions of the convention on- tered into by this country and Great Brit- ain July 22, 1892, and the supplementary convention of Feb. 3, 1894. As to the remaining section of the nAlaskan boundary, which follows the one hundred and forty-first meridian north- wardly from Mount St. Elias to the frozen ocean, the settlement of which involves the physical location of the meridian men- tioned, no conventional agreement has yet been made. The ascertainment of a given meridian at a particular point is a work requiring much time and careful observa- tions and surveys. Such observations and surveys were undertaken by the United States coast and geodetic survey in 1890 and 1891, while similar work in the same quarters under British auspices are be- lleved to give nearly coincident results, but these surveys have been independent- ly conducted. and no international agree- ment to mark those 01" any other parts of the one hundred and forty-first meridian by permanent monuments has yet been made. In the meantime the valley of the Yukon is becoming a highway through the hitherto unexplored wilds of Alaska, and abundant mineral wealth has been discovered in that region, especially at or near the junction of the boundary merid- ian with the Yukon and its tributaries. In these circumstances it is expedient and indeed imperative that the jurisdic- tional limits of the respective governments in this new .region be speedily deter- .mined. Her Britannic majesty’s govern- ment has proposed a joint delimitation of the one hundred and forty-first meridian by an international commission of experts, .which, if congress will authorize it and make due provision therefor, can be ac- complished with no unreasonable delay. It is impossible to overlook the vital im- portance of ét‘tinuing the work already entered upon and supplementing it by further efiective measures looking to the exact location of this entire boundary line. The Venezuelan Dispute. - It being apparent that the boundary dispute betWeen Great Britain and the re- public of Venezuela concerning the limits of British Guiana was approaching an .acute stage, a. definite statement of the interest and policy of the United States as regards the controversy seemed to be required both on its own account and in View of its relations with the friendly powers directly concerned. In July last, -,_, ...... yrs .1“ -. J o a ‘r ».--._._._..,__._...______._.__._____.__. ‘. ..- . _. therefore, a dispatch was addressed to our ambassador at London for communication to the British governmeng‘in which the attitude of the United States was fully and distinctly setforth. The general con- clusions. therein reached and formulated are in substance that the traditional and establishedpolicy of this government is firmly opposed to a forcible increase by any European power of its territorial pos- sessions on this continent; that this policy in as well founded in principle as it is strongly supported by numerous 'prece- dents; that as a consequence the United States is bound to protest against the en- largement of the area of British Guiana in derogation of the rights and against the will of Venezuela: that, considering the disparity in strength of Great Britain and Venezuela the territorial dispute be- tween them win be reasonably settled only by friendly and impartial arbitration, and that the resort to such arbitration should include the whole controversy and is not satisfied if one of the powers concerned is permitted to draw an arbitrary line through the territory in debate‘and to de‘ clare that it will submit to arbitration only the portion lying on one side of it. in question called upon the British gov- ernment for a definite answer to the ques- tion whether it would or would not sub- mit the territorial controversy between itself and Venezuela in its entirety to im- partial arbi--§af.ion. The answer of the British government has not yet been re- ceived, but is expected shortly, when fur- ther communications on the subject will probably be made to the congress. The Corinto Incident. In last year’s message I narrated at some length the jurisdictional questions then freshly arisen in the Mosquito Indian strip of Nicaragua. Since that time, by the voluntary act of the Mosquito nation, the territory reserved to them has been incorporated with Nicaragua, the Indians formally subjecting themselves to be gov- erned by the general laws and regulations of the republic, instead of by their own customs and regulations. and thus avail- ing themselves of a privilege secured to them by the treaty between Nicaragua and Great Britain of Jan. 28, 1860. After this extension of uniform Nicara- guan administration to the Mosquito strip the case of the British vice consul, Hatch, and of several of his countrymen who had been summarily expelled from Nicaragua and treated with considerable indignity provoked a claim 'by Great Britain upon Nicaragua for pecuniary indemnity, which, upon Nicaragua's refusal to admit liabil- ity, was enforced by Great Britain. While the sovereignty and jurisdiction of Nice- ragua was in no way questioned by Great Britain, the formcr’s arbitrary conduct in regard to British subjects furnished the ground for this proceeding. A British naval force occupied without resistance the Pacific seaport of Corinto, but was soon after withdrawn upon the promise that the sum demanded would be ,paid. Throughout this incident the kindly offices of the United States were invoked and were employed in favor of as peaceful a. settlement and as much consideration and indulgence toward Nicaragua as were consistent with the nature of the case. Our efforts have since been made the sub- ject of appreciative and grateful recogni- tion by Nicaragua. The Cuban Rebellion. Cuba is again gravely disturbed. An insurrection, in some respects more active than the last preceding revolt, which con- .tinued from 1808 to 1878, now exists in a large part of the eastern interior of the island, menacing even some populations on the coast. Besides deranging the com- mercial exchanges of the island, of which our country takes the predominant share, this flagrant condition of hostilities, by arousing sentimental sympathy and incit- ing adventurous support among our peo- ple, has entailed earnest effort on the part of this government to enforce obedience to our neutrality laws and to prevent the territory of the United States from being abused as a. vantage ground from which to aid those in arms against Spanish sov- ereignty. Whatever may be the traditional sym- pathy of our countrymen as individuals with a people who seem to be struggling for larger autonomy and greater freedom, deepened as such sympathy naturally must be in behalf of our neighbors, yet the plain duty of their government is to observe in good faith the recognized obli- gations of international relationship. The performance of this duty should not be made more difficult by a disregard on the part of our citizens of the obligations growing out of their allegiance to their country. which should restrain them from violating as individuals the neutrality which the nation of which they are mem- bers is bound to observe in its relations to friendly sovereign states. The Armenian Massacres. Occurrences in Turkey have continued to excite concern. The reported massa- cres of Christians in Armenia and the de— velopment there and in other districts of a spirit of fanatic hostility to Christian influences naturally excited apprehension for the safety of the devoted men and women who, as dependents of the foreign missionary societies in the United States, reside in Turkey under the guarantee or law and usage and in the legitimate per- formance of their educational and reli- gious mission. . Our minister has been vigilant and alert in affording all possible protection. We have sent ships as far toward the points of actual disturbance as it is possi- ble for them to go, where they offer refuge to those obliged to flee, and we have the promise of other powers which have ships in the neighborhood that our citizens as well as theirs will be received and pro- tected on board those ships. 0n the de- mand of our minister orders have been issued by the sultan that Turkish soldiers shall guard and escort to the coast Ameri- can refugees. The Consular Service. In view of the growth of our interests in foreign countries and the encouraging prospects for a general expansion of our commerce, the question of an improve- ment in the consular service has increased in importance and urgency. The importance of the subject has led the executive to consider what steps might properly be taken without addi- tional legislation to answer the need of a better, system of consular appointments. The matter having been committed to the consideration of the secretary of state, in pursuance of his recommendations an ex- ecutive order was issued on the 20th of September, 1895, by the terms of which it is provided )“that after that date any va- cancy in a. consulate or commercial agency ’ with an annual salary or compensation from official fees of not more than $2, 500 or less than $1, 000 should be filled either by transfer or promotion from some other position under the department of state of , a character tending to qualify the incum- bent for the position to be filled, or by the appointment of a person not under the de- partment of state, but having previously served thereunder and shownhis capacity In view of these conclusions, the dispatch . .__._;-.__...._-~._.-_ -__.. ...—... _._._._. and fitness for consular duty, or by the" appointment of a person who. having been ' 'selected by the president and sent ton board for-examination, is found, upon such examination, to be qualified for the position. Posts which pay less than $1,000 being usually, on account of their small compensation. filled by selection from residents of the locality, it was not deemed practicable to put them under the neW' system. I am thoroughly convinced that in ad- dition to their salaries our. ‘embassadors and ministers at foreign courts shall be provided by the government with official residences. The salaries of these officers are comparatively small and in most cases insufficient to pay, with other necessary expenses, the cost of maintaining house- hold establishments in keeping with their important and delicate functions. National Finances. As we turn from a review of our foreign mlations to the contemplation of our na- tional financial situation we are imme- diately aware that w.- ouurnach a subject of domestic concern Chore important than any other that car engage our attention, and one at present in such a perplexing and delicate predicament as to’ require prompt and wise treatment. We may well be encouraged to earnegt effort in this direction when we recall the steps already taken toward improving our economic and financial situation, and when we appreciate how Well the way has been prepared for further progress by an aroused and intelligent popular interest in these subjects. The compulsory purchase and coinage of silver by the government, unchecked and unregulated by business conditions and headless of our currency needs, which for more than 15 years diluted our circu~ lating medium, undermined confidence abroad in our financial ability and at last culminated in distress and panic at home. have been recently stopped by the repeal of the laws which forced this reckless scheme upon the counts-y. The things thus accomplished, notwith- standing their extreme importuncc and beneficent effects, fall far short of curing the monetary evils from which We suffer as a result of long indulgence in ill ad— vised financial cxpedients. United States Notes. The currency denominated ‘Unitcd States notes and commonly known as greenbacks was issued in large volume during the late civil War and was intend- ed originally to meet the exigencies of that period. It will be seen by a. reference to the debates in congress at the time the laws were passed authorizing the issue of these notes that their advocates declared they were intended for only temporary use and to meet the emergency of war. In almost if not all the laWs relating to them some provision was made contemplating their voluntary or compulsory retirement. A large quantity of them, however, were kept on foot and mingled with the cur- rency of the country, so that at the close of the year 1874 they amounted to $381,- 999,073. Immediately after that date and in Jan- uary, 1875. a law was passed providing for the resumption of specie payments, by which the secretary of the treasury was required. whenever additional circulation was issued to national banks, to retire United States notes equal in amount to 80 per cent of such additional national bank circulation until such notes were re- duced to $300,000, 000. This law further provided that on and after the lst day of January, 1879, the United States notes then outstanding should be redeemed in coin, and in order to provide and prepare for such redemption the secretary of the treasury was authorized not only to use any surplus revenues of the government, but to issue bonds of the United States and dispose of them for coin and to use the proceeds for the purposes contemplated by the statute. In May, 1878, apd before the date thus appointed for the redemption and retire- ment of these notes, another statute was passed forbidding their further cancella- tion and retirement. Some of them had, however, been previously redeemed and canceled upon the issue of additional na- tional bank circulation, as permitted by the law of 1875, so that the amount out- ' standing at the time of the passage of the act forbidding their further retirement ,was $346,681,016. . The law of 1878 did not stop at. distinct prohibition, but contained in addition the following express provision: ”And when any of said notes may be redeemed or be received into the treasury under any law, from any source whatever, and shall belong to the United States, they shall not be retired, canceled or de- stroyed, but. they shall be reissued and paid out again and kept in circulation. ” This was the condition of affairs on the let day of January, 1879, which had been fixed upon four years before as the date for entering upon the redemption and re- tirement of all these notes, and for which such abundant means had been provided. The government was put in the anoma- lous situation of owing to the holders of its notes debts payable in gold on demand, which‘could neither be retired by receiv- ing such notes in discharge of obligations due the government In; canceled by ac- tual payment in gold. It was forced to redeem without redemption and to pay without acquittunce. The Gold Reserve. There had been issued and sold 595,- 500,000 of the bonds authorized by the re- sumption act of 1875, the proceeds of which, together with other gold in the treasury, created a gold fund deemed suf- ficient to meet the demands which might be made upon it for the redemption of the outstanding United States notes. This fund, together with such other gold as might be from time to time in the treas- ury available for the same purpose, has been since called our gold reserve, and 8 100,000, 000 has been regarded as an ade- quate amount to accomplish its object. This fund amounted, on the let day of January, 1879, to $114, 193, 360, and, though thereafter constantly fluctuating, it did not fall below that sum until July, 1892. In April, 1893, for the first time since its , establishment, this reserve amounted to less than $100,000,000, con taining at that date only $97,011,330. In the meantime, and in July, 1890, an not had been passed directing larger gov- ernmental monthly purchases of silver than had been required under previous laws and providing that in payment for such silver treasury notes of the United States should be issued payable on demand in gold or silver coin at the discretion of the secretary of the treasury. It was, however, declared in the act to be ”the established pghcy of the United States to maintain th each other upon the present legal ratio or such ratio as may be provided. by law.” In- view of this declaration, it was not deemed permissible for the secretary of the treasury to exercise the discretion in terms conferred on him by refusing to pay gold on these notes when demanded, be- cause by such discrimination in favor of the gold dollar the so called parity of the two metals would be destroyed, and grave two metals on a parity with _ 57" "ll 'f l
Norwalk Chronicler