'"WEEKLY4N0RWALK3GAZETTEf“
'BROAD RIVER.
The Misses Fitch of New Haven, and
Hocking of New York, are v1s1ting. at
“Highland Grove,” the home of J 05181!
Kellogg.
- Stephen Osborn Kellogg has returned
from an extended visit through Sarato-
ga and Schenectady counties, New
York State. . b
William Bradle Kellogg was ap-
tised by Rev. C. LT. Selleck at the home
of his grandfather, Mr. Henry Bradley
last Sunday.
Mrs. William H. Wheeler and Mrs.
Phebe Upham are visiting Mr. ,Josiah
Kellogg. This is Mrs. Upham s first
visit in twenty years and she is greatly
delighted at the growth and improve-
ments about Norwalk.
009
T WESTON.
D. L. Rowland and Wm." B. Smith,
who were on the sick list last week,
have recovered.
Mrs. Brewer Gilbert has entertained
her niece from New York.
Mrs. Wilbur Sturges and son have
been spending some time with her
father, W. B. Smith. .
Mrs. John Gregory has been caring
for her sister, Mrs. Finch of Chestnut
Hill, who is quite seriously ill.
E. Fitch took a trip to Hartford last
week.
Mrs. Wildman Adams
tained her sister-in-law, Mrs.
Smith of Norwalk.
Miss Edna Bradley has
from a visit in Bridgeport.
Mr. and Mrs. L. R. Hoyt have been
at the White Mountains.
Miss Clara Hodges visits in Bridge-
port.
____._————
has enter-
Jean
returned
Miss Minnie Gilbert was ill for sev-
eral'days last week with tliroat trouble.
Deacon N. B. Johnson continues to
improve in health, being now able to
ride out frequentlv. '
Miss Helena Hill of Redding, has
been the guest of her aunt, Miss Carrie
Morehouse, for several days.
A black snake, between five and six
feet long, was killed last week by Lu-
ther Seelev on the school house green,
at Valley Forge.
Albert Williams. of Lyon’s Plains,
has visited his cousin Robert Williams.
ANOTHER CA 1:3 I.“ l h 5 I BIKE.
One Hundred and l-‘it'ty .‘lon “'lm 0b-
ject to Ntlllll‘l'flnlnlfi Stop “'ork.
PITTSBURG, Aug. Bil—On account of the
attempt made by the Carnegie Steel com-
pany to put their Twenty-ninth street mill
in operation with nonunion workmen the
employees in the bumper department, 15C
in number, came out. These men are not
'members of the Amalgamated association
and have continued at work since the others
came out in sympathy with the Homestead
men.
It was fully understood, however, that
the bumper men would not work with any
other than those formerly employed in the
mill, and who were members of the Amal-
gamated association. Immediately after the
bumper men came out the officials posted
a notice that owing to _a lack of orders the
mill had been closed temporarily.
FIFTEEN WERE DROWNED.
The Steamship Anglia. Capsizes, Caus-
ing Terrible Loss of Life.
LONDON, Aug. 26.—A dispatch from Cal-
cutta says that the Anchor line steamer
Anglia, bound from Calcutta to London,
capsized in the Hooghly river, on the way
to the sea, and of forty-seven persons on
The Congregational Sunday School board fifteen were drowned.
picnicked at Roton Point on Thursday.
THEY - GOT“ - WET!
78 Boy’s Suits damaged by water.
Cassimere and Worsted Suits.
Boy's knee and long Pants.
42 Men’s
Also a large lot of
MEN ’55 F‘URNISHINGE} !
Wiil be sold at a sacrifice, regardless of cost.
TAFT 13305., 23 Wall Stg‘Norwalk.
GET THE BEST!
uuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
JONES”.
FLOUR .'
For sale by all grocers.
Flour.
Jones’ _ _ ,
Be sure and ask your grocer for this flour, as it Will make you
SUPERLATIVE!
FLOUR !
Superlative
more and better bread than any other flour made.
Jones’ Superlative.
FLOUR.
FLOUR.
Building Lots I
2 Lots, 45x17 5, Maple Avenue. -\’ E. each,
.2 “
7 u
2 t.
50x23), Howard
50x119, Fifth
ll H (I
s“ M It
52x110, Golden Hill Street, each,
$225.00
17500
400.00
500.00
Taylor Avenue Lots, various depths, from 4:00. to 600.00
So. Main street lots “
5‘ 4‘
250.130 1600.00
FIRE AND LIFE INSURANCE!
Best Companies!
' Lowest Ratesll
, one. LOGK'WOOD,
No. 2 80. Main Street,
30. Norwalk,
SOMETHING NEW .
OH DEAR! OH DEAR!
What a time some of the butchers are
having. Do you suppose they will sell you beef any cheaper than we will?
I am going to tell you a srcnnr.
Nooody sells any cheaper than we do, if
you consider quality. We cut the best, and nothing but the best. No two
kinds of meat under this awning We are selling Bluefish and \Veakfish
to-day for TEN CENTS a pound, finest ln town.
Special sale of Lambs, (not Mutton,) hindquarter. 17c. forequarter, 12%0.
Telephone Call 57-3.
E. J. VVADHAMS,
Proprietor People’s Market, 21 “Fall Street.
3:33“ Pdeage'léas;
Best grown in China. Finest drank. in America.
Packed only in half-pound and pound tea-lead packages.
The same as served in the Japanese Garden at the Pure Food Exhibition.
We send free, on receipt of 2. 2c. stamp, sample of either Foruiosa -
‘ Oolong or English Breakfast Tea. State your choice.
...—. --
”——
CHASEt SANBORN. Boston, M388. ,
.wouuoalrtozhotndo.
\
Tum Colds.Cau be.SoreThroat.Group,Infiucnu.
V-‘mcping Couch . rcnchltu and Asthma. A certain
. g: _',.: Consumption in first stages. and a sure. relief In
I 'rarlced stage-r. fan on once. You will. use the ex-
: fl. m. sfi" ct after taking the first dose. Sold by
"- mm every-here. Largo boulel. 50 cents and 81.00
PROFESSOR JOHN WHITTAKER
Associate of the College of Cr anists. Lon-
don, Organist and Director of t e. heir of
St. Paul’s Church. Norwalk: pupil of Dr.
Bridge (Organist and Director of the choir
Westminster Abbey. London Professor in the
Royal College of Music. London, Gresham
Professor ofMusz‘c. and Examiner in Music
University of Oxford)also of .other eminent
masters. instructs pupils in Pianoforte play-
ing, Organ playing, sm in _and the cultiva-
tion of the voice onthe ta 1an method of the
renowned Lamberti. Harmony, Counterpart.
and CompOSItion,and on the system of the
colleges of mus1c. Distinguished references.
At home Mondays. Wednesdays and Fridays.
from 3. to 5 p. m. ReSidence, 86 Eranklin Ave-
nue. Norwalk. ~ 25 3111
ADIES.—C_lea:i your own gloves with
Mosquetaire Kid Glove Cleaner. For
sale onl ' at the Boston Store.Norwalk' the
leading ouse for dressed and undressed kid
loves in all lengths and shades. Sole agents
'or Foster 5 kid gloves. 347 1 yr
W A N TED.
WANTED.
BONERS. Paid while learning.
Apply at the Corset Factory of ‘ .
Born 8; GOLnscnmpT. 42-3-1w
ANTED.——Two Collectors for the John
Hancock Life Ins. 00.. on salary or com-
mission. Apply to W. R. Arnold, Asst. Supt.,
36 No. Main Street. So. Norwalk.. 35-tf.
ANTED.—Plain Sewing at reasonable
rates. Inquire of Mas. F. S. HINMAN,
No. 1 Academy Street. 419 tf
FOR SALE.
OR SALE—A New Mail Safety Bicycle,
1891 pattern. cushion t‘re. A bargain to a
cash customer. Apply to J. E. B. 9:.1'313. 6 and
S Hoyt Street. 426-3t.
OR SALE—The Ciglar store. No. 6 Main
- street. Will be solc cheap to a. cash pur-
chaser. Apply at the store.
OR SALE.—Hindquarters of Lamb, (not
mutton.) 17' eta. : Forequarter 12% cents
Bluefish, 10 cents.at the People‘s Market,No. 21
Wall Street. 424-3m.
OB SALE—A neat little out tage of seven
.rooms on Union Place, and three min-
utes walk to Borougl: Post-oflice and Depot.
Price $2.500, $1.000 of which can remain erms-
nently and only $500 required to be pai dow: .
Applv t9 CHARLES 01MSTEAD.Agt. 27bit
. -qmnu—
TO REIVT.
0 RENT.l—- Tenement on Chapel Street.
Apply to ALFRED E. AUSTIN. 422-1w.
1W
0 BENT.-The store No. 10 Water stree.
lately occupied by Anton Stommel. PLATT
PRICENONValli. 22tf
For: RENE—The large Hall .in GAZETTE
l;UILDlNG. formerly occupied by Our
broth ers Lodge. I. O. O F., and now fitted up
and used as a Commercial College.
Apply to CHARLES OLMSTEAD. Agt
THE FAIRFIELDBIIUIIIY. .
National Bank.
CAPITAL, .
__ $200,000.00
James. W. Hyall, President
Edwin 0. Keeler, Lewis. C. Green,
Vice-President. Cashier.
DIRECTORS:
JAMES W.HYAT.T F.ST.JOHN LOCKWOOD.
EDWIN O. KEELER. DAVID H. MILLER.
IRA COLE. MOSES H. GLOVER.
W. B. E. LOCKWOOD. LEVI WARNER.
Accounts of Manufacturers, Mer-
chants and Individuals Soliciled.
THE Bank has recently placed in its
fire-proof vault, a burglar-proof
safe containing safe deposit boxes to
the convenience 0) their depositors
which they offer free of cnarge
ETER L. OUIGUE, Florist and Nursery
man, Union Avenue, north of Union
Cemetery. Norwalk, Conn. Dealer in Green
House and Hot‘House and Bedding and Vege-
table Plants, Fruit and Ornamental Trees.
Shruhbery, Vines, Cut Flowers, always on
hand, and all sorts of deSIgns in flowers ar-
ran ed to order. _
Grading and refilling cemetery plots
attended to.
Berlin Thinks She Has It.
BERLIN, Aug. 26.—There are serious fears
that the cholera has broken out in this city.
The wife of a merchant of the name of
Landrock, living at 10 Goldenstrassc, died
at midnight with symptoms of Asiatic
cholera. The case is being investigated.
At a conference of leading medical men,
the opinion was unanimously expressed
that an epidemic of cholera was unlikely.
It was suggested, however, that everybody
should take three drops of muriatic acid
daily in a tumbler .of water, and that great
care should be taken to keep flies away
from the food. The authorities on the
frontier have been admonished to redouble
their precautions against tho admission of
persons or articles suspected of infection.
Miss Phllbrlck May Dle.
Lospow, Aug. 26.-—Miss Edith Phllbn'ck,
who, while in company with Miss Hilda
Wood, was murderously assaulted by one
Leonard Manktelow, near Chiselhurst, on
Aug. 3, is not yet out of danger. A portion
of her brain has been removed and the
wounds are healing slowly. The brother of
e young woman gave up skin fmm his
own arm to be grafted upon her face.
Seven Miners Killed.
Lennon, Aug. 26.-—A dispatch from
Swansea, Wales, states that a terrible acci-
dent occurred at one of the mines in that
vicinity. While men were at work in the
rhino part of the roof fell in, cmhingaeven
minors to death and badly, inqu three
others, who were rescued. . ..
George F. -Kribbs, of Clarion, Pa., was
nominated for congress by the Democratic
conferoes of the Twenty-eighth Pennsyl-
vania district. -
BRIEF MENTION.
Ira Ayer, special agent of the treasury de-
partment, has 'made an exhaustive report
upon the production of tin plate in Amer-
ica. Forty~two firms are prepared for
work and twenty-six factories have already
produced 20,000,000 pounds this year.
Senators Paddock and Morgan in inter-
views express indignation at Canada’s long
unneighborly conduct, and unqualifiediy in-
dorse the president’s retaliatory proclama-
tion.
Alfred J. Price, cashier of a New York
publishing house, was held on a charge of
grand larceny and is accused of embezzling
$20,000.
It has been ascertained that the suicide
of Actor Daboll was caused by a realization
of the fact that he could not master his role
in “Puritani.”
The proposed new ritual of the Knights
of Pythias was exemplified before the grand
lodge at Kansas City.
Francis E. Gladstone, who claims to be a
nephew of the British premier, is livmg on
charity in Detroit, awaiting remittances
from England. .
James A. Mundy’dr 00., contractors for
removing the islands in the Delaware river,
have been sued for an amount aggregating
$420,000 by Amory Stevens, a subcon-
tractor.
Attachments were issued in New York
against property belonging to a number of
foreign insurance companies who refuse to
pay claims on account of the Park place
disaster, on the ground that the property
was destroyed by the fall of the building
and not by fire.
Secretary Foster disposed of the case of
George L. Cake, recommended by the Win-
dow Glass Workers’ association to be im-
migrant inspector, refusing to make the ap-
pointment, but offering to appoint another
named by the association.
The Latonia race track has been sold to a -
Chicago syndicate for $500,000.
Mr. Gladstone wrote a letter saying that
he and not the Queen was responsible for
Mr. Labouchere not being made a cabinet
minister. ,
Many deaths from cholera occurred in
Antwerp and Hamburg, and precautionary
measures have now been taken by almost
every European government. In Russia
every garrison is affected, and in Persia the
scourge still rages with unabated fury. '-‘
John A. Grundy and Senator firgwn ,ad-
grcursion.
Sunday, Aug. 28.
BY THE STEAMER
CITY OFT6ALB\ANY.
snlnnlungnunnnnn
Excursion Tickets, 75c.
Leave South Norwalk 0 a. m. , return-
ing leaves Sea Beach. Coney Island
4:20 p. m.; East 31st street New York,
5:20 p. m. 34 8t
NOTICE.
PROPOSALS for the different privileges at
theLabor-Day Pic-me should be addressed
to Daniel Hamilton, 21 No. Main Street. South
Norwalk. 9
Republican Caucus.
BE REPUBLICAN_ELECTORS Of’the
First and Third Voting Districts of Nor-
walk are re uested to meet 19 the Town House
on FRIDA .EVENING, ALGUST 26th. 1892.
at 8 o clock. for the purpose of electing dele-
gates to the State. Congressmnal. Senatorial
and Probate Convent-ions. . ISO, to take such
action as may be deemed best relative to the
formation of a Harrison and Reid Club.
Per order TOWN COMMITTEE.
Norwalk, Conn..Aug. 19, 1892. 426-2t
_ .5-it
Proposals for Coal. '
‘1 EALED PROPOSALS will be received by
L the County Commissmners for Pairfleld
County, at Bridgeport. Conn.. until Wednes-
day. Aug, 3lst. at 12 o’clock noon, for furnish-
ing the County Home at Norwalk with 25 tons
best Lehigh Egg) Coal and 15 tons nest Lehigh
Nut Coal. all to e screenedand delivered.
The right to reJect any b'rl mt deemed for
the best interest of the ‘ouuz :: is reserved.
J cm! 0. PAGE. County Com-
J osnrn W. JOHNSON. missmners of
. WHITMAN S. MEAD. Fairfield Co.
Bridgeport, Conn-, Aug. 24, 1892. 426-1w
DISTRICT of Norwallébgg... Probate Court.
V . . .
August 25th. A. D . _
minus, Written application has been
made to this Court for administrator of the
Estate of _ELIZA MALONE, late of Norwalk, in
said District. deceased. _ _ *
ORDERED, That said application be. heard
and determined at the Probate Oflice in Nor-
walk. on the 8th day of September..1892. at 10
o’clock forenopn ; and that public notice
thereof be iven. to all persons interested
therein by pu lishing .thlS order in a newspa-
er havmg a circulation in said District, at
east five days before said day of hearing.
ASA B. WOODWARDJudge.
August 25th. A. D.. 1892. .
saunas, written ap lication has been
made to this Court for a ministration of the
Estate. of CHARLES GREEN, late of Wilton. in
said District, deceased. _
ORDERED, That said application be heard
and determined at the Probate Office in or-
walk, on the 6th day of Se tember, 1892, at 4
o’clock. afternoon; and t at public notice
thereof be given .to allpersons interested
therein by publishing this order ina news-
paper string a circulation in said dis~
trict at least five days before said day of
hearing.
ASA B. WOODWARD. Judge.
QISTRICT of Norwalk, ss., Probate Court.
IF YOU WANT Finsr-Cmss Wonx A'I‘
L OW P R I C E S I
Making or Repairing, go too. O‘BRIEN,
T A l L O R ,
31 BELDEN AVENUE, - - Noawarx. Or.
420 1y
FOB PLEASURE, flSHING, SAILING.
The Safe and Rapid Sailing Boat.
“(THREE BROTHERS”
Is now in thorough trim for hiring to Sailing
or Fishing Parties and under the manage
ment of Its owner. Calltcn or write to.
70 tf O. S. CLARK. 27 Merwin street
PROF. J. H. IYNEN,
Organist and Director-:0) St. Mary’s
Church.
—TEACHER 0F—
Piano, Organ, Harmony, Singing.
Violin and Sella.
Piano InSIructions
By the German Method.
28 WEST A VENU E.
Residence.
ncnmn would;
Sores All Over Her Body. Suffering
Endless. Doctor Useless. Cured
in 4 Weeks by Cutlcura.
done my little girl SO much ood that I feel like
saying this for the benefit of thcgise who are troubled
with skin diseases. She was troubled with itching.
burning sores. “Him I
took her to the doctor
the first time,he called it
the Italian itch, and said
he would cure her in two
weeks. ‘Vhen .the two
weeks were up, he called
it eczema, and in that
.- time she was worse than
before. .He doctored her
for three monthsiand she
was so bad that we did
' not know what to do.
He did not do her any
good. I saw the adver-
’ tisement of 01:11ch
REMEDIES in the pa er, and I said to my wife, “ I am
20mg ‘0 try them.’ Mind what I say, she was so
thick with acres that we had to soak her clothes to
take them of. Itch! there was no end to It: She
had it all over her body, back, legs, arms, m be-
tween her fingers. She did not have it on her head.
But after taking your Curicmu Rum-miss for two
weeks the itch stopped, and in four weeks the sores
were all gone. I enclose her portrait. I am more
than pleased with our CUTICURA Rnxnmns, as
they speedily cure my daughter, and if anybody
asks me about y ur remedies, I will u hold them
wherever I go. i CHARLES M. RONEL,
O , _ Conshohocken, Montgomery County, Pa.
,__I .L
IIC‘F‘
./~'!I-‘Il”h,lll . An -" I
«4:
any. ———-——
WhyKSuffer One Moment
From torturing and disfiguring skin diseases,
when a single 8 plication of the CUTICURA Ruin-
EDIEB will, in e great majority of cases, afford
instant relief in the most agonizing of itching,
burning, scaly, crusted, pimply, and blotchy skin,
point to a speedy, permanent, and economical cure,
Sold everywhere. Price, CUTICURA,50C.; SOAP,
25c.; RnsonvaN-r, $1. Prepared by the POTTER
DRUG AND CHEMICAL Conronarxonfioston.
W “ How to Cure Skin Diseases,” 64 pages, 50
illustrations, and testimonials, mailed free.
BABY’S
Skin and Scalp purified and beautified
by- Curicum Soar, Absolutely pure.
PAINS AND .WEAKNESSES
Of females instantly: relieved by that
new, elegant, and infallible Antidote to
Pain, Inflammation, and Weakness, the
Cuticura Anti-Pain Plaster. a" .
dressed the farmers at Mount Gretna, Pa.,
on‘the tarifi' question. w,
z: The New J orsey Republican state conven-
tion will be held. at Trenton on Sept. 3.
Hon. Whit-claw Reid, in an interview at
Harrisburg, said New York would be found
in the Republican column, and that Indiana
would be there too.
Senator Hale stated in an interview that
Mr. Blaine will, if physically able, deliver
two or three speecles during the campaign
in Maine; otheru'ise he will express his
views in a letter.
General Weaver, the People’s party nomi-
nee, in an interview at St. Louis, claimed
that Colorado, -Tevada, California, Oregon,
Washington, Montana, Idaho and Wyom-
ing will go for his party in the coming elec-
tion.
Francis McNutt, United States secretary
of legation under Minister Grubb and since
the latter’s departure United States charge
d’affaires, was arrested and beaten in Mad-
rid, but was afterward released and the
Spanish government apologized.
Ex-Mayor Fitler, who has been ailing for
some time, is reported as being in a critical
Your most valuable CUTICURA Rumpus have '
scalp and blood diseases, with loss of hair, and .
A Spell Against the Scourge.
. ST. Pnrxnshuae, Aug. 26.-A curious
spell against cholera has been performed by
the peasants of the village of Uili, close to _
the historic spot where Suvorow held a
council of war on the question of defending
the town against Napoleon or abandoning
it. Six maidens, led by two widows,
dragged a plow at midnight around the vil-
lage. A third widow bore the holy image
before the plow. Superstition holds that
cholera cannot cross the plow line.
The official cholera report shows that
there were 174 new cases Wednesday in ex-
cess of those reported on Tuesday, while
the deaths were eighty-four in excess of
those reported on the same day. Two
thousand seven hundred and forty-three
deaths occurred.
They Are Coming to the Stntpl.
PARIS, August 26.—The Jewish commit-
tee here states that within a month 1,000
Jews, refugees from Russia, have passed
through Paris, most of whom were on their
way to the United States. Those who have
recently arrived here have been in a most
filthy condition, so much so that it was
found necessary to disinfect quarters occu-
pied by them while here.
Sonia Getting Ready.
VIENNA, Aug. 26.—The Servian govern-
ment has voted the sum of 150,000 francs to
be used for the erection of a. hospital for
contagious diseases and temporary shelters
for those attacked by the cholera.
Fell Into the Ravine.
Gannxvrnnn, Pa., Aug. fad—Bridge Fore-
man Fisher, of the Pittsburg, Shenango and
Lake Erie railroad, together with several
other employees of the road, were crossing
the bridge at Dixonburg when the structure
gave way and engine and men were hurled
to the bottom of a deep ravine. Foreman
Fisher was instantly killed and Conductor
Deifenlifer had both legs crushed off and
cannot live. Others are reported dead or
dying.
A ’Woman Prisoner’s Suicide.
NEW YORK, Aug. 26.—A woman prisoner
hanged herself in the Elizabeth street pc-
lice station. She was known to the police
as Mary Burns and as a frequenter for years
of the low dives in theSixth ward.
dinlnluguui smi
Commencing today we will ol'fer
the greatest bargains in
30018 AND SHOES
That has ever been seen in Norwalk.
These goods are all perfect, and
no old stock, and they have got to
go to make room for Winter goods.
All in want of a good bargain will
give me a call.
Jarvis Kellogg,
condition at Atlantic City.
31 MAIN STREET.
W. B. HALL & CO.
some astonishing values.
lzszlf measures about Ibis sale.
THE SALE includes Ibese
Cold weather will soon be bare.
W a can ’15 begin to quote tbs prices. .
Everybody knows what RED II C KE T price 172M715.
Over 25 per 5ch saved on Red Ticket occasions.
SNOW z's Ibe time to stock up for. Fall.
THIS C HA WC E won’t come again In a long wbfle.
WE chE/IN BUS/(MESS,
w. B. HALL & co.
BRIDGEPOR 'I.
In Order to OPEN the Fall Season
WITH 3A. RUSH,
We shall hold a TWO WEEKS RED TICKET ScflLE!
from .flUGUS T 291% 2‘0 SEPTEMBER 12tb.
W a promise our patrons
and do not propose I0 have (my
IT LASTS FOR TWO WEEKS.
Itz's simply undertaken 2‘0 usber 2:1; tbs Fall Season with fitting
evict. Yozrrfrz'ends will, no doubt, bring bomb some of Iba good
tbbzgs. No reason, why YOU 5170er03 not be zrzcluded.
Goods :
COLORED Dress GOODS.
‘BL/ICK GOODS.
HJILF MOURNING Goods.
‘BLACK SILKS..
PRINTED CHINA SILKS.
CO TTosvs.
TJIBLE uquNs.
TOWELS.
.C‘R/ISHES.
LIWEN ‘DMPE‘R.
‘BED SPRE/I‘DS.
‘BLcflNKETS.
LADIES UNDERWEAR.
L/I‘DIES HOSE.
MEN’S SHIR T5 8' Drawers.
((
OUTING SHIR TS.
({
HALF HOSE.
BO Y’S SHIRT WAISTS.
(( ((
LAD/55’
Wottzlngam CUR T/IIWS .
SWISS CUR TflINS.
514/155 JI/IUSLINS.
‘BOOKS.
price means a deeply out price.
IF YOU WEED cflNYTHIWG, ‘BUY WOW]
a. sale lasts for TWO WEEKS 0qu Y. RED Ticket
‘Depend upon 21.