o
WY RRAVEO THE DEEP
RISKS AND DEATH ROLL OF“ AN
EXPERIMENTAL WAR CRAFT.
The Charleston Cigar Boat—She Met with
Disaster Again and Again—Crew After
Crew Added to the Ghastly List—She
Went to the Bottom at Last.
[Copyright by American Press Association]
“ » . OR instances of
‘ individual daring
of the sublimest
type we need not
go farther t h a n
the pages Of naval
history of the civil
war. Cushing, the
crew of the Con-
federate Albe-
marle, the c o m -
mander and men
.....- of the Confederate
ram Arkansas, the' Confederate boarders of
the Underwriter in the North Carolina
waters, the Union defenders Of the Harriet
Lane in Galveston harbor, the participants
in the battle of Mobile—these and many
others deserve to live in history, not alone
for the grand results accomplished, but
because of their deeds Of unexcclled brav-
ery. The Confederates, being on the de-
fensive, and for that reason having ample
incentive to heroic outbursts, probably put
on record more instances of individual dar—
ing than did their antagonists. They had
the desperate end Of the conflict to bear up.
Unfortunately for history their records are
sparse, survivors of the hour have since
passed away, and much is left to unau-
thenticated tradition.
The story that follows, however, is true
and it is substantiated in detail by records of
undoubted truthfulness. Seven men, five
being seamen of the Confederate navy and
one a captain of artillery and the other a
lieutenant of infantry, volunteered for an
enterprise that had been attempted five
times and had met with disaster. On
three occasions all hands had perished,
and on one other seven out of eight, and
again six out of nine had met death. The
hazardous business was nothing less than
being confined in a submarine boat, ex-
posed to a variety Of dangers without one
possible way Of escape in case of disaster.
The time was 1864, the scene Charleston
harbor during the formidable operations
of the powerful Union army and navy.
The waters were full Of Union blockaders
and every foot of vantage ground around
the harbor was either occupied or besieged
by Union troops. The port was blockaded
almost effectually, and many daring at~
tempts were made by the besieged to de-
stroy Union vessels by infernal devices.
The New Ironsides was attacked twice, the
second time receiving very serious damage.
A companion vessel of the New Ironsides
was the Housatonic, a noble new ship, ly-
ing in North channel and completely block—
ading that passage. If she could be re-
moved by stealth scores of blockade running
vessels could pass in and out in a night,
giving comfort to the beleaguered army
and people of South Carolina.
The several experiments in destroying
vessels by torpedoes that had been made in
the harbor pointed to the torpedo afloat as
the proper method. The New Ironsides,
which was so seriously damaged by a tor—
pedo boat, had once stood for an hour over
a fixed torpedo of 2,000 pounds of powder,
but the wires connecting the torpedo with
the shore would not work and the gunboat
floated away safely. Soon after the Iron-
sides was successfully attacked (October,
1863) a little boat was brought by rail from
Mobile and accepted by the Confederate
commander, Gen. Beauregard, for Charles-
ton harbor. Beauregard was an engineer,
a scientific fighter and believed in skillful
methods, and promptly accepted the new
machine, although she came with a forbid-
ding reputation. She was tO plow the deep
like a fish, but had no provision for storing
air, and on an experimental trip in Mobile
bay sunk and allher crew, eight men, were
suffocated before they could be rescued.
That was disaster number one. Lieut.
Payne, of the navy, soon found a volunteer
crew of eight men and took charge of her
for a series of experiments in the harbor,
which were tragic in the extreme, but
which by the advancement Of knowledge
made amends for the dole of blood exacted.
. The new craft is known in history as the
“cigar boat.” She was made of boiler
iron, was 30 feet long and 4 broad, with a
vertical depth of 6 feet, approximately.
Access was by two manholes covered by
hinged caps having bull’s eyes for steering
purposes. While the vessel floated these
caps were about a foot out Of 'water. The
propelling power was the hands of the
crew, operating on a shaft by means of
cranks. On the exterior there were vanes
or wings, that could be adjusted at any
angle by interior manipulation, andiwhen
the boat was to move on even keel the-vanes
were kept level. To descend at an angle of
10 (legs. the vanes were fixed at that angle
and the propeller put in motion. The ' re-
sistance Of the water against the vanes
caused the bow to dip and the boat to de-
scend on an inclined plane. By reversing
the vanes the opposite direction could be
taken until surface was reached. A tube
of mercury told just how far under water
she was at any time.
The boat was designed to dive and pass
under the war vessel it was intended to
destroy and drag a torpedo after. to be ex-
A SPECKY DANGER.
plodcd by violent contact with the bottom
of the vessel as soon as it touched the keel.
Lieut. Payne and his crew of eight
men were preparing the boat for an expe-
dition one night and had her at the wharf
near Fort Johnson when the wave of a
passing steamer washed over her and
swamped her. Payne escaped, but the
crew were all drowned. She was raised
and cleared of her dead and Payne secured
angther crew, and she went down in the
safihe manner at Fort Sumter wharf, Payne
F_ two men" escaping. Itfwas plain that
t ;‘e' cigar boat was simply a coffin.
The craft had earned such a bad odor
in, Charleston harbor that it was decided
togtry her in new waters and she went to
Stone river, where’several successful dives
..-- -N ‘ --..»..~
NORWALK GAZETTE, WEDNESDIAY JULY 16, 1890
were made. At last, however, she went
down and did not come up, and after
search it was found that she had got fast in
the mud at the bottom and all on board
had perished by suffocation. Once more
she was raised, the dead removed—the
fourth ghastly cargo from her iron bound
hull—and she returned to the harbor.
Every disaster to the boat had had some-
thing about it that was held to be a warn-
ing for thefuture, and a new crew went on
board and resumed experiments She
dived beautifully, and, barring acciderts,
would carry a torpedo anywhere in the
deep. One more accident led to a change
of plan. For an experiment she dived un-
der the Confederate receiving ship Indian
Chief, fouled a cable and all of her crew
perished. IVhen she was recovered one
Lieut. George E. Dixon, of the Twenty-first
Alabama regiment, secured Gen. Beaure-
gard’s permission to try the famous David
against the Housatonic. Beauregard stip-
ulated that she should be rigged as a
torpedo boat on the surface of the water
and not as a submarine device. He be—
lieved that the water was too shallow in
the harbor to admit of successful diving
under a heavy ship.
A spar was then set on the bow having a
torpedo that would explode by concussion
with the object aimed at. The new method
of operation may have seemed to lessen the
danger, but in reality the boat had met
disaster as often when on the surface as
when submerged, and the chances of her
riding the convulsive waves produced by a
torpedo were very narrow. Yet, although
some thirty men had perished in her, Lieut.
Dixon found a crew ready to volunteer
and destroy the Housatonic. Five of the
crew were men of the navy—Arnold Becker,
James A. Wicks, F. Collins, —- Ridgway
and C. Simpkins. They were joined by
Capt. J. F. Carlson, of the South Carolina.
artillery. .
The Housatonic was riding at anchor on
the evening of Feb. 17, her Officer of the
deck, Master J. F. Crosby, pacing mechan-
ically to and fro, scanning around as far as
the darkness—it was 9 o’clock—would per-
mit. Suddenly he saw about a hundred
yards aWay what appeared to be a plank
moving swiftly toward his ship. It was so
strange that, anxious though he was, he
waited a short time before giving alarm
over so contemptuous an object. Then he
sounded the cry, and all hands were called
to quarters. But he was a few seconds too
late. The little boat had sneaked along
the beach the night before, and been hidden
during the day not far from the doomed
vessel. Then in a twinkling she had dart—
ed out of hiding, eluded the lookouts, and
even while the cry was sounding through
the ship Lieut. Dixon rushed upon her
sides and fired the torpedo.
He struck forward of the mainmast, and
the hole extended below the water line,
sinking her in four minutes. Five men
went down in her; the rest clung to the
rigging and were rescued. But the
“plank,” as the Housatonic’s officer called
it, disappeared in the commotion of the
waters. The fate of the crew could only
A DAVID.
be surmised. The boat had set out secretly
to destroy the Housatonic, but no one
could tell the tale of her experience.
There were other Davids in the waters, and
hundreds of fixed and floating torpedoes
in the channels. The men of the House—
tonic could give no account of the affair
other than the shadowy “plank” story, but
whether the plank were an automaton, a.
floating torpedo impelled by cog work, or
the missing “cigar boat,” no one knew.
It had disappeared with the vessel de-
stroyed.
After the war the secret came out; the
“cigar boat” had justified her inventor.
The wrecks of the harbor were cleared by
divers, and while exploring the depths
around the Housatonic they found the
rusty iron machine partially buried in
drifting debris about a hundred feet away
from the hull of the man-Of—war, her prow
pointing toward it. Of course her daring
crew had paid the penalty and were se-
curely cofiined inside. The Housatonic
was one of the new war vessels. She was
a screw sloop, mounting eleven guns, and
had been in the South Atlantic squadron
since 1862. Her destruction was a warning
to the whole fleet and an encouragement
also to the Confederates, who after this
made several efforts, some of them suc-
i cessful.
Notwithstanding the reality of this sub-
marine engine, such boats are at this date
deemed chimerical, and popularly supposed
to exist only in the brains of crazy invent-
ors or the imagination of romancers.
Jules Verne puzzled and amusedthe read-
ing world with Capt. N emo’s strange craft
in his “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under
the Sea.” Gen. Lloyd Brice, in a recent
satire on American defenselessness, brings
into action a wonderful fish boat, invented
and managed by an erratic shirt manufact—
urer, as though no sane man of science
would waste time on a scheme of that nat-
ure. What has been considered a creation
of fancy, however, has been proven a fruit-
ful reality, as in the case of this Charleston
boat.
Jules Verne’s submarine vessel was
cigar shaped, and recently a Spanish naval
officer constructed a boat over which he
had dreamed for many years. The Spanish
government thought so well of the plan
that the inventor, Lieut. Peral, was given
the means to experiment, and his boat, El
Peral, -. vas successfully launched and
made several trips, justifying the hopes of
her projectors. This boat is a little more
than double the size Of the Confederate
boat, being 74 feet long and 9% feet broad.
She is fitted out as a torpedo boat, and can
run six knots an hour under water.
The torpedo boat had its origin in the
civil war, and the Confederates developed
it to a greater degree than did their adver-
saries. Since that time all first class powers
have been experimenting, but no satisfac-
tory result has been reached. There are at
present boats of three or four hundred tons
armed with torpedoes, small boats carried
upon war vessels to be lowered when in
close quarters with the adversary, and a
coast torpedo boat, having its hull sub.
merged. All of these are liable to detec-
tion and destruction by the enemy. The
situation calls for a noiseless, invisible en-
gine that can work in all weather and
at any hour, day or night, as the Confed—
erate David was intended to do. The prob-
lem when solved will be by a submarine
craft not unlike the ill fated one whose
story is told here. But surely no contriv-
ance Of this character ever had mere de-
voted adherents, more venturesome and
painstaking operators than the “cigar
boat” of Charleston harbor.
GEO. L. KILMER.
SOME WOMEN WHO WORK
THE PART THEY TAKE IN ORGANIZA-
TIONS AND STRIKES.
They Endure Most of the Hardships.
While the Lien Get the Credit—Some-
thing About Their Unions and Strug-
gles in New York City.
Although it seldom happens that great
long stories of labor troubles are written
about the fair tellers, they play an impor-
tant part and have as many grievances as
their co-workers of the sterner sex in the
great army of organized labor. In this
city the girls and women have shown a
spirit of union and organization for the
betterment of their condition that is not
surpassed even by the men unionists.
They do not make as much fuss about it,
nor do they hold great mass meetings and
shout out from the housetops as to what
they propose to' do, but they go along
quietly, organize whenever a good op-
portunity presents itself, hold their little
meetings in their own quiet, soft sort of
way, present their grievances and have
their little understandings and misunder-
standings with their employers, and many
times nobody knows anything about it but
themselves.
In the strike of the knee breeches mak-
ers, which was recently settled in a victory
for the strikers, the general public was not
aware that fully one-half Of the strikers
were women and girls.
They work just as hard as the men, and
harder in many instances, at the very same
class of work, but they must be contented
with smaller wages just because they are
women. The working women and girls
have a hard time Of it all around, and in
many instances deserve to be lauded and
helped along; but man steps in with his
grievances, and with a voice that drowns
out everythingvin the vicinity shouts them
out, the papers take him up and the public
soon,know all about it.
In this city alone there are fully 15,000
organized working girls, members of
trades unions and the Knights of Labor,
but they are rarely heard of.
THE SHIRTMAKERS.
One of the latest moves on foot by the
girls is the gathering together of scattered
remnants of the shirtmakers’ union. Four
years ago the girls in this trade had one of
the strongest local assemblies connected
with District Assembly No. 49, Knights of
Labor. Through the efforts of the organi-
zation the girls were making good wages.
They received as high as $2.25 for making a
dozen shirts. The manufacturers made an
attempt to reduce wages. The organiza-
tion was strong and resented the attempt.
Two thousand girls struck work, and were
sanguine of holding their own. But anew
element stepped in in the shape Of Polish
Jews and Russians, and jumped at the op-
portunity of taking the places of the girls.
The struggle lasted a good while, but the
girls at last had to succumb, and their noble
efforts to save the trade were lost. As a
result of this strike the prices of manufact—
uring shirts have. been reduced from $2
and $2.25 a dozen to 75 cents a dozen. This
misfortune practically broke up the union,
and although several efforts were made to
recruit the scattered army they proved
fruitless. The strangest part of the story
is that recently the same Poles and Bus-'
sians who were instrumental in breaking
up the union struck for an increase of
wages and called on the girls to aid them.
It was needless to say they received little
sympathy. -
Among the other girl organizations are
the carpet workers. They struck in sev-
eral of the big carpet factories in the city a
year or two ago, and gave in to the bosses
as beaten. But this was a clever little ruse
on their part. They got back to work, the
non-union girls who were hired in their
places were discharged, and so sympa-
thetically and with such shrewdness did
they work on the quiet to gain their de-
mands originally asked for that they suc-
ceeded without letting the bosses know
what they were after, and now they are
working on the conditions for which they
struck, and the bosses feel that they won a
victory over the girls. This organization
has come to the conclusion that it can gain
its demands without striking. Then there
are the cigarette girls, always chatty, full
of fun and ready at any time during the
day to make a dude feel bad on the street.
They have an organization that is full of
fight, and the bosses admit that they would
rather have an army of Wildcats let loose
on them than have their girls strike. They
usually get what they ask for without
striking if their demands are within rea-
son.
LONG HOURS AND Low WAGES.
Then there are the feather workers, the
prettiest, loveliest girls imaginable. They
had a big strike about a year ago, but
they were only partially successful. They
are strong in numbers now, and as their
condition could be worse they are satisfied.
The paper box makers are another class of
organized girls that “don’t take no sass
from no one,” and it only requires the
manufacturers to step on their feelings,
when they get more than they bargained
for. The silk workers are also organized,
and present a formidable front in this city.
It seldom happens that these organizations
spout out their grievances, but they take
them to their employers and make their
settlements.
Of course there is a vast number of un-
classified industries that are unorganized.
One in particular, which is even now re-
ceiving the attention of persons interested
in the organization of girls, is that of the
sewing girls. It embraces many diflferent
kinds of sewing and is called shop work.
The work is given out. The women go
after it and carry it home, and owing to
competition wages are constantly falling,
though it would seem that the minimum
had been reached long ago. Overalls, for
instance, with three or four pockets, six
buttonholes, strap and buckle, are worth
from fifty to eighty cents a dozen, and out-
ing cloth shirts, with two plaits in front,
seams felled, cuffs and collar double
stitched, are worth‘ exactly eighty cents a
dozen. The wrappers which ladies buy in
stores with a yoke and rufile round the
bottom are made for twenty—five cents
apiece, and the seamstress furnishes her
own pattern, cuts and makes completely.
These sewing girls make from $2 to$4a
week, and their car fare for going for and
returning the work amounts to about
thirty cents each week. They usually work
eighteen or twenty hours a day in little
close rooms—New York Evening Sun.
Japanese Postman.
In Japan the postman wears a suit of
blue cloth, a wide butter bowl hat, and
walks or rather trots along in comfortable
straw shoes. Sometimes alittle two wheeled
cart bears his budget, or perchance, bemg
light, the postbag is carried by hand. From
station to station the postman hurries
along, often running mile after mile, to
deliver his precious bag into the keeping
of the next man on the route. In this way
the mail is carried in the greater part of
the Japanese empire.—Harper’s Bazar.
DODGING A SLAVE CHASER.
__.,__.
Excitement in Getting Away Under Fire
with 3 Load of Slaves.
Very soon the beach seemed to swarm
with moving objects which we could not
yet distinguiSh. Anumber of long, black
objects left the shore, and when through
the breakers they stopped at the small
craft outside. N ow we could see that the
negroes were being transferredto the boats
outside the breakers from canoes which
ran through them, with from four to six
in. each. As the sloops were filled they
sailed for the ship, and, ladders having
been arranged, the negroes were soon
coming over the ship’s side. As eachone
reached the deck he was given a biscuit
and sent below. It seemed slow work at
first, but as the canoes were soon all
launched and rushing through the surf it
presented a busy scene. The sloops were
now flying to and from us, and a great
number of negroes were already on board
at 2 p. m.
The lookout at the masthead shouted,
“Sail, be! away to the southward.” From
the deck we could see nothing. A danger
signal was hoisted at once to hurry all
aboard faster. In a short while we could
see from the deck a little black spot.
Smoke! A cruiser! Another signal, a
blood red flag was hoisted informing those
ashore ofthe kind of danger. If possible
the bustle ashore was increased; our own
boats were lowered and they aided mate-
rially. The approaching vessel had seen
us and the volume of smoke increased.
She could now be seen, and was recognized
as the Vixen with the naked eye.
A signal from shore that a very few re-
mained was hoisted, another hour passed,
and the vessel was certainly Within three
miles. Our boats were recalled, and the
entire fleet of sloops soon sailed toward us.
Our boats were hoisted, and lines thrown
to the sloops now alongside. The Vixen
now changed her course slightly and fired
asolid shot, which passed to leeward of
us beyond. At this the Spanish captain
cried out, “Let go!” The pin holding the
staple in the anchor chain was cut and the
chain parted. Sail was hoisted rapidly,
the negroes in the sloops climbed over the
ship’s side, and as the sloops were emptied
they were cast adrift with their single oc-
cupant, aKrooman. They scattered like
frightened birds—George Howe, M. D., in
Scribner’s.
, A Belle of the Rebellion.
There is a little steamboat on Green
river, running between Livermore and
Calhoon, that is little more than an exag-
gerated canoe, supplied with boiler, engine
and a paddle wheel. It is the Alpha, and
it is engineered by a man who" has had a
great deal to do with the filling in of his-
tory, the outlines being furnished by oth-
ers, his superiors in position, but not nec-
essarily in ability. He was the first
assistant secretary of War of the Confeder-
ate States Of America. After this he was
chief military engineer of railways under
the Confederate government, a position
that required a high degree Of ability, in—
finitude of resources and an almost incred-
ible degree of determination and persever-
ance.
Under his direction things were accom-
plished in the way of building, repairing
and operating railroads that made the
northern engineers stare with wonder
when they considered the nature and quan-
tity Of the material with which the work
was done and the conditions under which
it was accomplished. After the war Mr.
Miner made a great deal Of money in south—
ern railroads, but he went to California
and lost his entire fortune. He is now
more than 70 years old, and is at work on
the little boat trying to eke out a liveli-
hood by hard and honest toil.—Owensboro,
Ky., Messenger.
Extract of Peas.
Here is an excellent method for utilizing
the delicious marrow that lies among the
fibers of the pea pod and which is sweeter
and better than the peas themselves, which,
when of the best sorts and at their best,
are the first of all vegetables for fine flavor,
tenderness, succulence and nutritiousness.
Save for use all the tender sweet pulp of
the shells separated from the troublesome
fiber which prevents their use with the
seeds in most sorts of peas. Boil the shells
well in water, to which has been added a
little carbonate of soda; then strain through
a cloth, and, after adding some sugar to
the liquid, boil it down till thick. The ex-
tract thus obtained will keep for any length
of time without becoming moldy, and, a
teaspoonful of it added to a bowl of soup
gives to it the flavor of fresh green peas,
besides adding to its material quality.—
Ncw York Press.
Smuggling by hiail.
Most of the smuggling by mail is done
in parcels. Viben these are sealed we
always suspect something dutiable within.
The most remarkable thing' seems to be
the small compass into which the mail
smugglers can get goods. A silk dress
goes into a parcel that you would not think
could contain a waist.
In one case we had a letter opened, and
in a thin piece of wood, carefully covered
with thin but rather opaque writing paper,
were four fine watch chains with charms.
These had been sent from Geneva to alocai
jeweler’s residence, and the work in the
wood in which the chains rested was as
fine and accurate as it could be. Each
chain and charm fitted into its little case
as tightlyas possible—Interview in New
York Journal.
They Enjoyed the Advertisement.
A rather queer sight in this city the other
day "was the luggage of a newly married
couple. Some practical joker had printed
a large number of labels, about six inches
long and two inches wide, with the words
“Just Married,” and pasted them securely
on the trunks, handbags, etc., of the happy
pair. The joke was not discovered till the
party were ready to start on their wedding
tour, and it was too late to remove the la-
bels. Perhaps the couple were too happy
to wish to conceal their fresh bliss. At
any rate the bridegroom carried his hand-
bag, labeled “Just Married,” without
any attempt at concealment—Springfield
Union.
Salaries of News Editors.
When news is delivered upon the news
editor’s desk it has then to be edited, and
editors’ services command in Boston from
$30 to $60 per week; in New York from $10
to $100; in Philadelphia, from $30 to $70; in
Cincinnati, from $25 to $50; in Chicago,
from $40 to $80; in St. Louis, from $20 to
$15, and in San Francisco, from 840 to $65.
There are 35,000 persons in the United States
engaged in work upon daily and weekly
newspapers. Half of them receive from 810
to $35 per week—E. M. Camp in Century.
- A Kiss Variously Defined.
A soldier’s definition of a kiss—A report
at headquarters.
A sailor’s definition of a kiss—A pleasure
smack.
A grammarian’s definition of a kiss—A
conjunction which frequently leads to an
interjection.
Express.
Patronlze the Old reliable
ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY;
LOW RATES AND PROMPT DELIVERY.
Branch omce, Norwalk. at S. K.
Main Ounce at Depot, South Norwalk.
L. HUNT, Agent.
(3.. A. FRANKE, .
THE HAIR CUTTER,
No. l Gazette Building.
HOT AND COLD BATHS.
J. 0. NE WKIRK,
DENTIST,
Dentistry performed in all branches. Gold and
Porcelain. Crowns inserted. Gas administered
for the painless extracting of teeth.
Office at resudence, Lewis Street near Con-
gregational church, N orwalk 1y37p
H E N R I H II S s ,
Restaurant, Cafe and Suolluu: Room,
Grand. Central Station,
4213 STREET AND 4m AVENUE, NEW YORK
Entrance from waiting room New York N
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I -erers W111 learno aslmllil'
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APPLY TO
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Bonv
HAPPY
To coin a good word Dear Reader are you
“ Blood-ha py. ” or Is your blood dragging
THE
you throng the depths of distress With,’
Influenza,
Indigestion,
Constipation,
Biliousness,
Scrofula or
Kindred diseases 2 Then
Free the blood from these poisons. Don’t
mope along half alive halt dead, but rouse
up your system. Give your good old friend.
the stomach. a chance to do its work.
Here is the remedy.
Tried, Trusty and True. the ingredients or
this wonderful remedy have been used as a
favorite and successful medicine for many
years. but like the improvments 1n the tele-
graph sluce Morse, the sewing-machine since
Howe, and the electric light since Franklin
forced the first spark, the new and perfect
combination of these ingredients has never
been reached until combined as now in
Fxsunn’s IMPRovED MEDICAL Dzscovrnv.
This medicine purifies the blood as natural-
lyas water quenches thirst. It cures. This
Is its history in a nut-shell. Gratefultestl-
monlals are recleved every day. Pmcr. 31:00
MANUFACTURED BY THE
u. u. UltAUFURD,
Investments, Real Estate and Insurance,
ROOM 2, MASONIC BUILDING.
Wm. Lockwood,
Real Estate,
Insurance and. Investment
Securities. ’“
MONEY To LOAN.
Insurance Placed in First-Class Companies
Office—Cor. MAIN «In \VALL STS.. NORWALK
Iy 13
u. BELDEN uoouoorr,
llluuuou all Counselor at Lao,
Room No. 4, Up Stairs,
GAZETTE BUILDING, NORWALK, CONN.
ALEX. s. GIBSON,
Organist or let Congregational Church, Waterbury
Teacher of
Pianoforte, Organ and Musical
Composition,
Lock Box 39 P 0..NORWALK.CONN
‘TNA leUItA NC D
Incorporated 1812. Charter Pcrpetu
CAPITAL AND ASSETS, $8,902,272.64
Insures agalnst loss and damage by Fire, 0
terms adopted to the hazard and consistent wit
he laws of compensation. COWLES Jo MERRILL
Sole Agents for Norwalk and Vicinity :.:=
Building Materials, 860..
BUILDING STONE, all qualities of sand, cel
lars dug, gardens and grounds renovated
horses and carts for hire. I have some thoroughly
rotted and very fine manure for flower beds.
J. W. EDMUNDS,
No.6 South Union Avenue.
P. 0. Box 654. Norwaltk
PLYMOUTH BOOK ICE.
I HAVE :1 large quantity of Ice on hand. It was
_ frozen on pure water. It is clear, clean and
solid me. All orders promptly attended to.
Thanking my customers for past favors,I solicit
a continuance of their patronage.
R. L. ELLS.
THE
Norwalk Fire Insurance Co.
Has now completed Its
18th SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS YEAR
And nas not outstanding a dollar of unpaid losses
or claims for losses. No sound company insures
for ess.
W. C. STREET, Pres, GEO. B. Sr. Jens, Treas:
GEO. R. Cowms. Secretary.
0. E. WILSON
General Insurance and Roul Potato lot.
Money to Loan.
Stocks, Bonds &c., Bought and Sold,
:and Loans Negotiated at Lowest
{Rates of Interest.
ROOII NO. 3 GAZETTE BUILDING}
W. H. MEEKER,
Pluuulloo,Sloau1 and Gas Filling,
SOUTH NORVVALK, CONN ,2
Sanitary Plumbing, and Ventilation, and
Low Pressure Steam Heating, a Specialty.
PLUMBERS’ SUPPLIES.
Pipe and Fitting for Steam and Gas.
Agent for the Florida Low Pressure Bolle
‘i'éFaciIltieS for Cutting and Threading all Sizes of
Pipe. _50tf
T0 HORSE OWNERS I
We keep constantly on hand a good assortment of
Kentucky and Ohio Horses,
selected with great care In the western markets.
We have horses suitable for all purposes and no
one who wants a thoroughly reliable animal should
purchase before seeing what we have: 0 offer.
We also keep constantly on hand at our Carriage
Repository a complete line of CARRIAGES from
the best makers, which are manufactured for us
to special order; every carriage warranted.
WAGONS and CARTS of every description.
IIARNESSES, Wllll’s, RUBES, BLANKE'I‘S
DANN’S LIVERY STABLE,
OFFICE ‘18 WALL ST., NORWALK
OFF. 1). A” N. II. II. DEPOT 35
FURNITURE
A Full Stock of Furniture Of all kinds-
PAIILUII AND BEDRUDM‘SETS
a specualty.
DAVID STOW,
' Main Street opp. Depot
SOUTH NORWALK,CON1V
PETER L. GUIGUE,
FLORIST 81 III] So uIMlII,
UNION AVENUE,
North of Norwalk Cemetery,
EORWALK, - - CORN.
Dealer in Green House and Hot House and
Bedding and Vegetable Plants, Fruit and Orna-
mental Trees Shrnbbery, Vines. Cut Flowers
always on hand and all sorts of designs in Flowers
arranged to order. 411.2
ALI.
Grading and Re-fllling CemeteryfiPlots
promptly attended to.
HENRY FTILLY‘
CARRIAGE MAKER, A
.SOUTH NOR WALK - CONN
T £
. fl
Roxbury Medical 00.,
_ 52 WARREN ST., ROXBURY, MASS.
FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
ATENTS o
. 2E1. BYINGTON,
Washington, D. C.
1° ...... ... .. 5- Guide to Inventors Mailed Free.
PATENT OFFICE.
Manufacturer 01
Family Carriages, Violorlus Buguoullo
All Kinds of Repairing
I
Norwalk Chronicler