NOBWALK
GAZETTE, WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 23 188,9.
————'—
7
I
about on its way to
R is h m o n d , and
Early-was retiring
to form a junction
with his supports.
This could be done
at Brown’s Gap,
where the railroad
gisicn had been turned
.3)?
way of Gardens-
ville. and Char-
lottesville passes
through the mount-
ains to Staunton.
He reached here on
the 26th, and on
that day Merritt’s
cavalry was at
Port Republic, west of him, and Torbert,
with Wilson's division and Powell’s old brig-
ade, was east and south of .him, having
swept on between him and Kershaw to Staun-
ton and Wayneshoro, southeast of that.
At StauntonTorbert burned immense ac-
cumulations of supplies fer Lee’s army, con-
sisting of arms, ammunitions, tents, hay,
harness, wagons and meat. Passing ’on to-
wards W'aynesboro' he destroyed the rail-
way and burned the bridges, and his men
while at this work were surprised by a
fierce fusillade from the guns of Fitzh ugh Lee’s
GEN. TOBBEBT. '
cavalry. Early had in fact faced the other ,
way to crush an enemy in his. rear. Pegram’s
division of infantry was already on the .
scene, and Wilson was thrown 01! west. to
Staunton again, and then on the back track
to Harrisonburg, on the north fork of the
Shenandoah. where Sheridan was concentrat-
in . :
5%me Merritt reached Port Republic on
the 20th he came in contact With Kershaw’s
infantry, that had now entered the valley.
Merritt was forced out of Port Republic by
Kershaw, but the alarm of Torbert’s raid at
Waynesboro ”drew all the Confederates to
that point, and on the 28th Early and Ker-
shaw were together again facing mrth, and
Sheridan held a line across from Port Re-
public to Harrisonbnrg. Here the line stood
several days, and all the byways of the region
were secured by horsemen burning grain,
mills and forage, and everything of service
to the enemy.
The position held by Sheridan was one that
would compel him soon to advance and fight
or retreat down the valley. There were no
railways south from the Potomac, wast of
the Blue Ridge, and he was nearly 150 miles
distant by wagon roads from his base. East
of the Blue Ridge was the Orange and Alex-
andria railroad bed, which had played a part
in all the campaigns of northern Virginia
thus far, but had never been for any length
of time under complete Union control. The
only point inadvance that would place Sheri-
dan's army in a position to co-operate with
the armies on James river would be Char-
lottesville or Gordonsville, on the line of the
Orange and Alexandria road, beyond the
Rapidan. '
But this line would be exposed to raids be-
tween the front and Washington, and if
Sheridan left the
valley entirely he
must place a good
sized army in it,
around Winchester
and Martinsburg,to L
protect the Balti-
more and Ohio rail-
road,and the guard-
ing of the two roads
would occupy near- ,
ly his whole force. - \
While lying at Har- '
risonburg Sheridan
asked permission to
completely a b a n-
don the advanced position, lay the valley in
waste from the Potomac to Staunton, leave a
guard on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio
road and transport the bulk of his army to
Petersburg to aid in an attack on Richmond.
Gen. Grant left the decision with Sheridan,
and on Oct. 6 the retrograde movement be-
gan. In his memoirs Sheridan says:
The cavalryas it retired was stretched across
the country from the Blue Ridge to the Alle-
ghanies, witherders to drive off all stock and de-
stroy all supplies as it moved northward. The in-
fantry preceded the cavalry passing down the
valley pike, and as we marched along the many
columns of smoke from burning stacks, and mills
filled with grain, indicated that the adjacent
country was fast losing the features which hit-her-
10 had made it a great magazine of stores for the
Confederate armies.
It was at this stage that the Confederate
cavalryinan, Gen. T. L. Rossei', appeared on
the scene of so many fierce cavalry encoun-
ters. Rosser had commanded one of the old
THOMAS L. ROSSER.
Stuart brigades, and had 'rem‘ained back at- .
Petersburg with Hamptdn.‘ He now came to
the valley, bringing his old brigade by a
forced 'march and adding it to Fitz Lee’s di—
vision, at present under Gen. Wickham, its
proper leader being disabledby his ll’inches-
ter wound.
Bosser had shown good soldiership during
the summer’s campaign under Stuart and
Hampton, and he and his men had the confi-
dence that goes with success. Sheridan’s
army was moving down the valley at a rapid
pace, and on the 7th of October his infantry
was at Strasburg and the cavalry at New
Market. The Confederates attacked the rear
guard at every step of the way, harassing
the marching columns and making some cap—
tures.
Sheridan instructed Torbert to bait and
defeat Rosser or be defeated by him. The
Union cavalry came to a halt south of Tilin-
bling Run. Between that point and New
Market, where the Confederate rear rested,
is a stream called Tom’s Brook, and over this
the valley pike crosses at a difficult pass.
West of the valley pike is a parallel road,
three miles distant, and on this Custer’s (I ivis-
ion rcturned toward the enemy, while Mer-
ritt's division trotted back along the pike.
Merritt met the brigades of Lomax and
Bradley Johnson, and when the contest be-
came gcncrul Custer, on the back road,
closedwith the main body, which happened
to holed by Rosser ill person. In a short
time Custer and Merritt formed a junction.
The country was open and gave a good
chance for mounted charges, and these were
given and returned with all the spirit of the
trained battalions of Stuart and Pleasonton.
Rosscl' maintained his ground for a time, but
being pressed closely on both flanks, the line
finally broke and was soon in a rout.
Then followed a running fight with Sheri-
dan’s troopers at the heels of the flying
enemy. The race continued for more than
twenty miles. Captures were made at every
step and many escaped by taking refuge in
the mountains. Torbert secured eleven can-
non with‘ caissons, some wagons and ambu-
lances and over 300 prisoners. Some of the
guns were fresh from Richmond, and these
prizes, together with those secured at Win-
chester and Fisher’s Hill, gave rise to the
saying that the cannon shipped from Rich-
mond should be sent addresed “P. H. Sheri-
dan, care of Gen. Early.”
The Confederate cavalry in the valley was
wiped out, as an arm, by this blow. Gen.
Early reported to Gen. Lee as follows: “The
fact is that the enemy’s cavalry is so much
superior to ours, both in numbers and equip-
ment, and the country is so favorable to the
operations of cavalry, that it is impossible
for ours to compete with his. Lomax’s cav-
alry is armed entirely with rifles, and has no
sabers, and the consequence is they cannot
fight on horseback, and in this open country
they cannot successfully fight on foot against
large bodies of cavalry.”
from Richmond by.
‘ut daylight.
The day following the Tom’s Brook fight
Sheridan moved hisarmy from ,Strasburg
northward across Cedar Creek on to the
heights in the angle formed by that stream
and the Shenandoah. '
'I
l.
CEDAR CREEK.
The next battle was delivered by Early, ,
and took place on this field. The Confeder—
ates appeared at Fisher’s Hill, just across the
valley, on the ,12th, and en the same,“ day
Sheridan was summoned tOWashington to
meet Gen. Grant about the movement on
Gordonsville and Charlottesville. Before
leaving the camps Sheridan posted Crook’s
command along the valley pike. on the left
Next came the Nineteenth corps—Emory—
along the east bank of the creek. with
the Sixth corps on the right of the
Nineteenth. The cavalry was on the ex»,
treme flanks watching the roads that
come in from the eastand west. Leaving the
cmnmand to Gen. H. G. Wright, Sheridan
set outon the 15th. At the last moment he
decided to take all the cavalry through the
Blue Ridge, and sent it on a raid against the
railroads in the rear of Early. 3 1 '
But on the 16th he receivedadispateh en
mate to the eflect that Longstreet was on the
way to join Early. The information came
by the interpretation of Confederate signals.
_ Sheridan placed no
confidence in the
report, but at the
1 same time he
, thought that Gem,
Wright needed the
whole army in case
it should be true,
and he ordered the
cavalry back to its
old positions. On
the 17th Sheridan
7 - hadflnishedhiscon—
' \\ ference and had re-
( turned as far as
Martinsburg. On
the 18th he started
GEN. WRIGHT. up the valley pike,
on horseback and halted in‘ Winchester fer
the night. Early on the 19th he was aroused
by an emcer on duty with the word that ar-,
tillery firing could be heard at Cedar Creek.
The report said that the firing was not con-
tinuous and might be caused by a reconnois-
sauce, and Sheridan leisurely awaited his
breakfast.
Between 8 and 9 o’clock he startedthrough
the town and noticed that the people were
alert, and some of them seemed jubilant over
something privy to themselves. The sounds
of firing, however, were growing louder and
nearer, as though the Union troops were re-
tiring. A few miles brought him to crowds
of wounded men and the usual panic stricken
mob that is always farthest from abattle
and most quickly demoralized. These people
assured Sheridan that the army was in re-
treat, broken up and lost. Sheridan kept on
calmly, his home at a walk, pondering on
some way out of the trouble. Orders were
given to form a guard across the pike and
stop the retreating men, and at first Sheridan
contemplated moving his army back to Win-
chester. ,
At this juncture an officer came from the
battle ground confirming the news, and
Sheridan set out across fields toward the
front. As the men recognised him they
threw up their hats, and shouldering their
muskets, faced the other way, and followed.
Sheridan said: “If I had been with you this
morning this would not have happened. We
must face the other way and recover our
camp.” ’ , '
Arriving within three miles of the extreme
front of the old camp Sheridan met the first
organized body of 'troops—Ricketts’ and
Wheaton’s divisions of the Sixth corps._
These troops had retired less than two miles
from their old camp. Farther on he met
Getty’s division on a hillside in position, and
riding up the steep to them, he took oi! his
hat and was received with cheers. A little
‘farther on he met Torbert, who with his
cavalry was resisting the enemy’s advance.
Torbert said: “My God! I am glad you’ve
come.”
Turning to the front again Sheridan was
greeted with a line of regimental flags that
rose up out of the ground to welcome him.
These were the colors of Crook, whose men:
had been at the extreme front and hadbeen
surprised at the sudden attack of the morn-
ing. In a few moments Gens. Getty and
lVright, both wounded, reported, and with
Crook gave Sheridan an account of the dis-
aster.
Early had advanced before daylight in
three columns. Crook’s command, which
was isolated an d
the farthest front,
had been enveloped
by the Confederate
divisions of K e r -
s h a. w , Ramscur,
Pegram and Gor-
don. At the same
t i m e tharton’s
division, formerly
Breckinridge’s, ad-
vanced a g a i n s t
Emory’s Nine-
teenth corps. Crook
was overwhelmed
and his ranks scat-
tered, but at the camp of the Nineteenth
corps the division of Grover stood at arms,
having been ordered out on a rcconnoissance
The cannon of Crook had been
captured and turned on his men.
Gcns. lVright and Emory were promptly
at the front, and having formed a line of de-
fense, awaited the coming of Kershaw, who
was in Crook’s ('Lllllp pursuing the defeated
soldiers. But further surprise awaited the
Union line. Gordon and chram had passed
around Crook and, deflecting, struck the
Nineteenth corps in the flank, being sheltered
from View by the lieavy'ng that hung over
the valley. The Confederate cannon soon en-
flladcd the works 01’ the Nineteenth corps
and Gen. \Vright ordered it to retire. Crook’s
command lost 1,300 prisoners, its camp cqui- ,
page and wagons, and also the commande’r'of;
a division, (101. Joseph ThOburn, killed while
struggling to rally his men and avert the dis—
:lstcr. The Sixth corps promptly came for-
ward from its rear camp, and now Early suf-
fered a check.
Gen. Ricketts, commanding the Sixth, was
wounded and Gen. Getty took the corps and
. - soon formed a line
11 car Middletown,
with batteries
plan ted to com-
mand the r o a d 5
down the valley.
The Sixth corps
here made a coun-'
ter charge, but was
checked by the ar-
tillery of Early.
Meanwhile, Rosser.
had BWept on north.
by a wood west of
the pike, to get in
the Union r ear.‘
EMORY.
GEN. \V. H.
MAJ. GEN. J. B. xsnsmw Torbert ordered allé
his command out to meet him and prevented.
his reaching the pike leaving a column here;
to cope with him. fie then moved the re-
mainder to the left flank of Wright. Early
now rallied his forces for a second blow, and
pmsdngdown on the east to avoid thedlreot',
attack on ground taken up by Wright along
the pike, he appeared before Torbert's caval-
' wagons, 137 ambulances, 4
vyand had engaged him when Sheridan ar-
rived to resume command. . .
A COUNTER ASSAULT.
Sheridan reached the front at 1 o’clock and
saw the repulse of Early on the last position.
Feeling uncertain about Longstreet’s pres-
ence he decided to act with caution, and set
. about rearranging the‘lines. Custer’s caval-
wrfgllf’s Rallying Points;
THE FIELD or CEDAR CREEK.
ry remained on the right flank, facing Ros-
ser; Merritt and Wilson on the extreme left,
the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps in the main
line. Between 3 and 4. o’clock the column
was put in motion. At the first assault
Early’s line gave way, 'the Union infantry
sweeping over stone Walls and every form of
cover, and the cavalry on the flanks dashing
in to secure hurrying fugitives as prisoners.
Crook's discomfited men rallied and fell into
the marching lines. The separate cavalry
brigade of Col. Lowell, which had been fight-
ing on foot, mounted and charged among the
houses of Middletown. Lowell was killed.
The Confederates were pushed beyond the
'old camps,‘ and the Union infantry halted,
and the mounted divisions of Merritt and
Outer united and pressed on toward Stras-
burg'. Near Strasburg the enemy’s path was
blocked, and the cavalry secured many
prizes, both new and old. Twenty-four Con-
federate cannon were taken and twenty-four
Union guns were recaptured. Some 1,400
prisoners taken by Early in the morning
had been sent to the rear and were not re-
covered.
The Union casualties were 5,761, of which
214 Were in the cavalry and 5,550 in the in-
fantry. The Confederates lost about 3,000,
including about 1,000 prisoners. The Con-
federate general, Bamseur, was mortally
wounded. Beside Cols. Thoburn and Lowell,
the Union army suffered the loss of Gen.
Bidwell, killed, and Glens. Grover, Macken-
zie and Penrose, wounded. Sheridan was
madea major general in the regular army
for his success.
When the news of these events reached the
north there was a blaze of enthusiasm, and
the public, as if by a common instinct, at
once caught the idea that Sheridan’s ride
would rank as the most dramatic incident of
the war. Thomas Buchanan Road’s fancy
was fired by a picture of the ride, and in two
hours he produced his immortal epic. The
following lines give an exact picture of the
facts on Sheridan’s arrival:
The first that the general saw were the groups
Of stragglers, and then the retreating troops.
What was done, what to do, a glance told him
both;
Then, striking his spurs with a terrible oath,
IIe dashed down the line ‘mid a storm of huzzas,
And tho more. or mucus chucked its course were,
because
The sight of the master compelled it to pause.
With foam and with dust the black charger was
re -
By thgflaih of his eye and his red nostrils‘ play,
He seemed to the whole great army to say,
“I have brought you Sheridan, all the way
lfi'oin Winchestertown, to save the day."
Early retired up the valley to New Mar-
ket, and Kershaw was returned permanently
to Petersburg. Sheridan took camp at
Kernstown. T h 9 ~
cav a l r y picketed
far to the front
and _ was kept in
saddle much of the
ime by the activi-
ty of Rosscr and
the rangers under
Maj. Harry Gil-
more and Col. Mos-
by.
In the report of
Gen. Sheridan his
operations are
summed up'lin re-
sul ts as follows:
Captured or de-
stroyed from Aug. GEN' RODES'
1, 1801, to Jan. 1, 1865: One hundred and ten
cannon, 83 gun carriages, 35 colesons, 128
sets double harness, 2 anvils, 5037 small
arms, 23,000 rounds of ammunition, 131
" medicine wag-
ons, 1,006 common harness, 1,040 ‘sets
horse equipments, 49 battle flags, 14,163 small
arms and 1,061,000 rounds of small arm ain-
munition, 4,240 horses, 5'33 mules, 120 flour
mills, 1 woolen mill, 8 sawmills, 1 powder
mill, 3 saltpetci' works, 2,300 barns, 7 fur—
naces, 1 depot, 1 locomotive, 6 distilleries, 2
box cars, 4 tanneries, 460,072 bushels wheat,
22,000 bushels oats, 157,076 bushels corn, 874
barrels flour, 51,380 tons hay, 500 tons fodder,
450 tons straw, 16,438 beef cattle, 18,837
sheep, 10,141 swine, 250 calves, 12,000 pounds
of bacon and ham, 10.00.) pounds of tobacco,
917 miles of rails, 2,500 bushels potatoes, 1,005
pounds cotton yarn, 3 factories.
The casualties to Union forces ill these op-
erations were: Sixth corps, 41,899; Nineteenth
corps, 5,020; Crook’s Army of W'est Vir-
ginia), 2,885; cavalry, 3,017; other troops,
231; total, 10,9533.
The tactics of Sheridan in his Shenandoah
battles was old rather than new. He was
cautious himself too. degree that in others
.has brought condemnation, and he persist-
ently ignored the wishes of the department
at .W'ashington, which was urging him to
quick blows and bold advance into the inte- ’
I‘lOl‘. In his decisions be was upheld by Gen.
Grant. His cavalry was not primarily his
fighting force. ' Shericbm commanded an
army. He had on the field seven divisions of
infantry and three of cavalry, and .the cav-
alry was about one-third of the force. A’.‘
Opequan and Fisher’s Hill he delivered the
attacks, and he formed his main line of in-
fantry and placed the horsemen on the flanks.
I'v'licn the enemy had been started 0r there
was a good field for amounted charge, be
put in a cavalry brigade at a time and used
the force effectively.
In the pursuit the cavalry was of service.
Yet, notwithstanding all that the cavalry
did, the result, so far as the cavalry fighting
was concerned, seemed to have been disap-
pointing. When first the Shenandoah field
was offered to him, he chose cavalry for the
more important service. In general in this
campaign he used his mounted men for out-
post, scouting and raiding duty and the pur-
suit. In the position taken up at CedarOreek
the intanGry covered the position and in-
trenched, and, in fact, Sheridan sent away
the cavalry altogether, trusting- his infantry
tooepewith. , I . Inthebattleth'atensued
them ,_ , a'adsipulsed theCon-
mmmuhthemter welt.
:, ~ Gno. 1.. Kim
.-‘- ..
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CHILDREN’S CARRIAGES.
Plumbing. Gas and Steam Fitting, and Ilot Air
Engineering. Agent for the Richardson
5: Boynton (Jo’s.
Furnaces and Raizg‘es,
Also agent for the Economy
STE in & WARM Am COMBINATION HEATER
All kinds of Ornamental and Plain Siateing, 'I‘in
and Shingle Iiooflng.
Repairing Done by Experienced Wei'knlen
at short Notice. '
'73 WALL STREET,
Beef, Fish, Fruit.
and Vegetables.
You can get any and all of the above mentione-
- articles at
F. W. SMITH’S MIR 4T,
55 MAIN STREET.
EV ERYTH lNG
mu, FRESH, OLEA x.
1y48
Try us. we can pldase yen
J. !. NE WKIRK,
DENTIST
Dentistry perlormed in all branches. Gold and
Porcelain Crowns inserted. Gas administered
for the painless extracting of teeth.
Ofllce at residence. Lewis Street, near Con-
gregational church. Norwalk. lys‘lp
TO Inventors
GEO. R. unusual
" onion;
CM. luuisiina Ave. and Ilh St
Washington, D. 0., '
Gives his Personal Attention o Procvring
Patents for Inventions
In the U. 8. Patent Dice and all Pei-oi;
' Countries. 4 ,
An experience of nearly ten years In the Patent
omce has given him a perfect familiarity with
every classification of Invention and the paitlcmar
EXAMINERS AND BUREAUS, to which each
and every Invention ls referred. He has a con;-
plete famuiarity- with the Rules of Practice
the Records Models, an, an, an, and
every detail of the clues, and owns ms PER-
SONAL ATTENTION to the Interests of his
Clients. Being on the ground, and visiting the
Patent omce daily, he can serve Inventors in
securing their Letters Patenifar more advantage
onsly than Solicitors who do not' reside in
Washington. . .
Searches and Rejected
. Applications
A Specialty. To all those whose applications
have been rejected. he will make an examinatlo I
and report on the same gratuitously. Prelimin~
ary examination of the Patent Office Records,
1' or to an application for a stem, will be made
oravery small charge. an advice or informs.
tlou in regard to patents will be given in full
detail In acirculsr which will be mailed free of
char to every applicant. He has specie:
facil ties also for
Pmcuring Patents in Foreign
Countries
He refers to any oncer of the Patent Office, and
to the many Connecticut Inventors for whom he
has done business and taken out Lanans PATINT
HENRY D. CORNELL,
House, Sign, Outside and Inside
Painteraud Decorator,
Would announce to his friends and the' public
that he has a force of Superior fWorknlen, and is
piepared to execute all orders of
Painting, Papering or Glazing,
in the best style of the art, and at the shortest no-
tice. As he Works with his men himself and thus
personally oversees all the details of their labor,
8 can pledge the very best execution, and an as-
surance that none but me best of honest materla
will ever be used by him;
He Is ready to contract for any and all work in
his line and guarantee satisfaction. Or he will
work by the day or hear, and at prices that defy
competition.
Orders received by mail or at his residence,ovei
Mrs. FaWCett’s Millinery Store. 34
Geo. S. Gregory.
Livery, Boarding, Sale,
Feed and Exchange
Stables.
Bio. 14 Knight 8 I.
(in rear of Horse Car Depol),
NORWALK, CONN.
Carriages furnished at all hours. Courteous at-
tention and gentlemanly (ll l'vers,
HENRY TILLY
CARRIAGE MAKER,
SOUTII NOR WALK, .
CON N
Manufacturer of
Family Carriage, Vluturlas, Buggies, 8w.
All Kinds of Repairing.
THE now Famous
NEW CANAAN
CARRIAGE RINUFAGTURI
G. F. JOHNSON. C. T. RAYMOND
. JOHNSON & RAYMOND
New Canaan, Conn.
Munufauuruusuf "Carriages
Estimates and Drawings Furnished, of any
Style of Carriage, Wagon or Truck.
SPECIAL ATTsiurloN <31sz T0
surname. "
First-Class Livery Attached.
CARRIAIIES CALLED FOR AND DELIVERED
FOR REPAIR AND PAINTING.
R. D HARTLEY’S
RATARRH REMEDY
I Is the best remedy known for the cure of Catarrh
and its attendant ailments; it is safe, painless. and
never fails to give relief. This remedy cleanses
the nose, head and throat of all unhealthy secre-
tions, and soothes and heals the Innamed parts.
When the remedy Is once tried the beneficial re-
sults are so prompt and satisfactory that the suf-
ferer never fails to continue the treatment until
permanent relief is obtained,
Do Not Neglect a Bad Cold
Use Hartley’s Catarrh Remedy for Its Immediate
1y“ _ Cure.
Norwalk Chronicler