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I
NORWALK GAZETTE, WEDNESDAY JULY 10, 1889._
JUBAL EARLY’S RAID.
ANOTHER BOLD INVASION OF THE NORTH
The Union ’I‘roops Beaten in the Shen-
andoah Valley.
TheAmyUnderGen. David HunterdGen. LeeflendsGemEzfly Against mm
. at Lynchburg—The Confederates Cross Into Maryhm-Wasungtonlnvested.
,4
Bold Confederate Sprays—Burning of Chambersblng.
I. {Comm m9, creams Paras Assocmm;
The last invasion of the north was: in J um
and July, 1864, just twenty-five years ago.
After the withdraWal of Lee’s army from
the Shenandoah Valley on the retreat from
Gettysburg in 1863, the region known as the
Valley of the Virginia was controlled by a
small Confederate force under command of
Gen. J. D. Imboden. Imboden was 9. Valley
man, and he had served there as a sol-
dier since the war began. His immediate
command, in the ring of 1864, when Gen.
Grant started the nion armies on the cam-
paign against Richmond, was a brigade of
cavalry and one battery of horse artillery.
This force was composed of Virginians, prin-
cipally, although there were two battalions
of Maryland horsemen, one led by the noted
Maj. Harry. Gilmor, of Baltimore. Imbo-
den’s troopers werein harness all the time,
but he had a reserve, consisting of militia,
that was subject to his orders, and also a.
corps of cadets at the Virginia Mill insti-
tute at Lexington, at the head of the valley.
This institute was known as the West Point
of the Confederacy. The cadets were all
under 18 years of
age and not sub-
ject to military
duty, b u t t h c y
g volunteered to go
out on call, and
w e r e organized
into 9. battalion
under Col. Scott
Ship, and had two
pieces of artillery
attached. With
these forces Imbo-
den was charged
.. with the duty of
holding the valley
against a. Union
. force. The only
. reasontofear such
an advance was
UPPER SEENANDOAH VALLEY.
that the valley furnished supplies to the Con-
federacy.
Gran placed Gen. Franz Sigel in com-
mand of the department of West Virginia,
.which included the Shenandoah valley dis-
trict. A portion of Sigel’s force was in West
Virginia, under command of Gen George
Crook This consisted of two brigades of
cavalry, under Geo. W. W. Averell, and
three brigades of infantry, under Crook's
immediate command. A part of Grant's
plan was that Sigel should move against
Lynchburg and threaten it on all sides, while
the great army, led by him, should make the
overland compaign to Richmond.
The great southwestern feeder of the armies
in Virginia was the Virginia and Tennessee
railroad, running from Lynchburg, between
the Allegheny and Blue Ridge mountains, to
Knoxville. Crook was tocome from West
Virginia, strike this road south of Lynch-
burg, and destroy the track and salt works.
While this was taking place Sigel was to
move up the valley, seizing Stauntou, where
there was a branch of the Virginia Central
railroad Between May 1 and 20 Crook and
Averell, in two columns, made a circuit,
fought several hard battles and burned a
railroad bridge on New river that cut the
communications between Lynchb‘urg and
Knoxville. The movement was met by the
Confederate cavalry under Morgan and a
force under Gen. W. E. Jones, aided by Mo-
Causland’s cavalry. Jones and McCausland
had been lying in the regal) of southern
West Virginia for months, watchiugCrook.
Morgan had three brigades in Eastern Ken-
tucky, and, learning of the movement against
the East Tennessee railroad, he sent a brigade
under Gen. D. H. Smith to combat Averell.
Avorell, it appears, had been charged by
Crook to keep well tothewest of thegen-
erullineofmarchundguu'dhim fromasur-
prise by Morgan. Avervell kept Morgan away
from Crook's column and enabled Crook to
destroy the bridge, but Avemll himself failed
to reach the salt works. .
However, all of this alarmed Lee about the
safety of Lynchburg, and a division of troops
under Gen. John C. Breckinridge, that was
on its way from the mountain district to re-
enforoe Ia at Spottsylvunia, was halted on
the other side of the mountain. Si e1, unop-
posed except by Imboden’s little area, was
, marching upon
Stauntou, in con-
j u n c t i o n with
Crook’s movement
below Lynchburg.
On May 9—the
same d a. y t h a t
Crook,AveTell, Mo-
Causland and Jones
fought in south-
western Vir ' '
, .- with .
n‘fl' ‘ Sullivan’s division
FRANZ storm. of infantry and
Gen. Stahei’s cavalry, and pushed on through
the main valley to Strasburg and Wood-
stock. Imboden was at Saunton, but every
house was a signal station for him, and
learning of Sigel’s advance he telegraphed to
Gen. Lee tohurry forward Breckinridge to
his aid. Imboden‘s rangers managed to de-
droy completely two flanking detachments
ofoavalry sent out by Sigel on his right and
left to ward of! surprises.
. BATTLE OF NEW MARKET.
On the evening of May 14, Imboden drew
up his cavalry on the hills behind the little
villgp of New Market, in the valley on the
north fork of the Shenandoah, half way be-
tWeen Winchester and Stanton. Sigel pushed
on an advance body and skirmished with Im-'
boden in the evening, and Imboden called up
his cadet corps and by earnest dispatches
hastened the march of Breckinridge Early
on the 15th, Breckiuridge was ready, and
formed a column consisting of two brigades
of infantry, and the Institute cadets—about
200 strong—as reserves Imboden formed
his horsemen in a solid column on the right
of Breckinridge. The opposing forces were
on ridges on both sides of the valley pike,
which formed the main street of New Mar-
ket. The town was ‘08qu the combatants.
Sigel had several batteries in good position,
but his infantry was not all on the field. '
Breckinridge ordered a general advance,
and while his infantry engaged Sigel’s force
in front, Imboden swept down around the
left flank of Sigel, placed a battery in posi-
tion and raked Sigel‘s line lengthwise. But
Sigel’s men rallied coolly and formed a new
line, placing a single battery on a knoll to
sweep the pike where Breckinridge’s strong-
est column was moving. The guns were
ably handled, and the force of the charge had
been broken, when the Confederate cadet
corps Was ordered to take the Union battery.
It did the work, losing heavily in the charge,
and by some misconstruction of orders Sigel’s
infantry began to retire. His supporting
regiments Were in sight, and would have
been on the field in a few minutes, but the
line was broken and the commander was
forced to retire. He withdrew down the
valley, burning bridges behind him, and
halted back of Cedar creek, betWeen Stras-
burg and Winchester. He called in the scat-
tered detachments of his command and took
position the next day at Fisher’s Hill, and
announced to Washington that he could hold
the lower Shenandoah valley and protect the
Baltimore and Ohio railroad and the Chesa-
peake canal, the great routes between W'ash—
ington and the West. However, on May 21
Gen. David Hunter was sent to relieve Sigel,
and was ordered to move up towards Lynch-
burg.
Thc forces of Breckinridge and Sigel at
New Market hurl been about equal, and were
about 5,000 on a side. Hunter brought re-
enforcements, making his force about 8,000.
Meanwhile, Lee had Withdrawn Breckin-
ridge, and he soon joined the Army of North—
ern Virginia near Richmond. Imboden re
tired behind North river. Hunter started up
the valley May '36, and Imboden promptly
called upon Lee for help, and in response the
brigades of W. E. Jones and J. C. Vaughn,
commands that had fought Crook on New
river a few weeks before, were sent to the
valley. Jones was the superior officer and
assumed command.
On J une 5 Jones made a standat Piedmont,
and his forces were badly beaten by Hunter,
he himself bein g
among the killed.
T h e Confederates
now retired rapid-
ly toward Lynch-
burg. Hunter was
joined by Crook
a n;d Averell, at
Stauntou,on June 8,
and the combined /, {,l'
forces now amount-
ed to 1841]) men. _.j ‘ |
At Stamina, Hun-\- yrs. I‘Wl
ter destroyed the '
Confederate facto
rim and stores of
military supplies,
and also destroyed mpletely the Virginia
Central railroad. with all its repdr shops,
warehouses, culverts and trestle work. On
the 10th the combined army moved on
Lynchburg.
Itwill be rememberai bythe readers of
these papers that on the 10th of June Sheri-
dan and Hampton, with their cavalry corps,
were racing from Cold Harbor battle field
toward Lynchburg, Sheridan to join Hunter
and Hampton to prevent him doingso. At
the same time Gen. Jubal A. Early, who
commanded at this time the old Ewell corps
(formerly “Stonewall” J ackson’s), was or-
dered to move on Lynchburg against Hunter.
Hampton fought Sheridan at 'I‘revilian Sta-
tion, on the Virginia Central railroad, June
11 and 12, and Sheridan set out on the return.
Hun occupied Lexington and, as he
claimed, he found a proclamation from Gov-
ernor Letcher inciting the populace to guer-
rilla warfare. He burned Letcher’s residence
and also the Virginia Military institute. In-
stead of moving promptly upon Lynchburg
Hunter delayed some two at Lexington, get-
ting up supplies and re-enforcements.
When he moved finally be found all the
passes eastward occupied by Imboden, Mc-
Causlnnd and Breckinridge. Breckinridge
had been sent away from Cold Harbor to the
relief of the valley as soon as news of the do
feat of the Cenfedemte forces under Jones at
Piedmont (J uue 5) reached Lee. The pres-
ence of so many opponents forced Hunter to
move up on the west side of the Blue Ridge.
0n the 17th he pushed Crook and Averell’s
commands against the outer intrenchmeuts
of the city, but half of Early's corps had ar-
rived, nnd the occupants of the place were
jubilantwt the turn of affairs. On the 18th
Hunter dwedin on. the west, and his men
madeundreceived some sharp attacks: but
at night he withdrew his whole army west of
the mountain.
In his official report, Gen. Grant says that
Hunter withdrew from in front of Lynch-
burg “owing u) a want of ammunition.”
Hunter was now mt of Lynchburg and not
north of it. The rail connections, which
Hunter had destroyed. were promptly put in
repair by the Confederates, and they com-
manded those all along east of the Blue Ridge,
so that Early could easily throw troops into
the Shenandoah valley at Stauntou, between
Hunter and his base, which was Harper’s
Ferry, on the Potomac. Hunter therefore
crossed the Allegheny mountains into West
Vir%uia and moved north on what was called
the awha route. The Shenandoah valley
was now completely free of Union troops ex-
cepting a small force under Si el, the reserve
of Hunter’s army, at Martins urg, only ten
miles from the Potomac.
f‘Mv MARYLAND’.’ AGAIN.
Early now resolved to invade the border
states again. Having received from Gen.
_/_ Lee full discretion
"' in the matter, Ear-
ly acted without
delay, and on J une
27 he had at Stami-
ton the infantry di-
visions of Gordon
and Echols under
Breckinridge’s
command, and the
divisions of Ram-
.‘fa ~. sour and Rodes, in-
“ . dependent, un-der
, his own control.
‘ The cavalry bn -
GEN. JUBAL EARLY. odes Of Bradley %
Johnson, Imboden, W. L. Jackson and Mc-
Cuusland formed a division under Gen. M.
W. Ransom. There were four batteries of
artillery constituting a battalion, under Gen.
A. L. Long. Confederate historians place
this force at 12,000 men. . .
McCausland’s cavalry galloped on ahead
and Bradley T. Johnson’s brigade moved east
of the Blue Ridge to getin rear of Sigel.
Early followed Johnson‘s th with two di-
visions, and Breckim'idge ollowed McCaus-
land. Sigel retired his slight forces to Mary-
land Heights, back of Harper’s Ferry. On
July 4 the valley was clear of Union troops,
the Confederate cavalry had crossed into
land, and Early’s force was drawn up
on t 6 Virginia side in front of Harper’s
Ferry.
Sigel’s guns commanded Harper’s Ferry,
which Is in a. narrow valley under Maryland
Heights, and on the 5th of July Early
'marched to Shepherdstown and crossed to
Maryland and sent Breckinridge to threaten
the rear of Sigel.
While this was going on working parties
destroyed a valuable aqueduct of the Chesa-
peake and Ohio canal, at the crossing of Au-
.tietam creek; McCausland entered Hagers—
town and levied $20,000 tax; Imboden’s
brigade, now under Col. G. W. Smith, par-
tially destroyed seva‘al railroad bridges on the
Baltimore and Ohio railroad. The work of
Imboden’s men was thwarted in a. measure
by the bravery of the bridge guards, who
defended them stubbornly in their block
houses.
Maryland was now in a state of terror.
Farmers, with all their households, their
goods and cattle, began to move north;
Early’s force was said to be 40,000 strong,
and although strict orders were issued against
pillaging, the people refused to be comforted,
and inafew days the whole state and the
borders of their northern neighbors were in
a condition of panic. Early’s movement had
been made with such rapidity that even the
authorities at IVushington had no forewarn-
ing. The president called out the militia of
Pennsylvania, New York and Massachusetts
for one hundred days, as soon as Early crossed
into Maryland. Gen. Hunter made haste up
the Kanawhu Valley, hoping to head off
Early, and he called upon Gen. Grant, who
was with the army at Petersburg, to Inks
steps to guard against an invasion of Mary-
land. But reports had been circulated at
Petersburg, in Confederate circles, that
Early was once more with Lee. Grant tale
graphed to Hunter that the corps had re-
turned to Petersburg. After three days of
correspondence, Grant, on the 5th of July,
ordered the Sixth corps to Washington.
The nearest defensive force available was
the garrison at Baltimore, under command
of Gen. Lew Wal-
lace. Gathering up
some local militia
and scattering
bands of soldiers, ,
who were on the .
way from their =
homes to the front,
Wallace moved
with a small (livis- '__.,.__
ion of infantry, led ;5— 2 -
by Gen. E. B. Ty-—/
under D. R. Glen—kg
denin, and one bat- . v
tery of six guns.
H e m a r c h e (I
promptly to Mono- GEN. LEW WALLACE.
cacy Junction, Where he could cover the
Baltimoreand Ohio railro’ ad, toward Balti-
more, and also the Baltimore pike and the
Washington pike, all three roads crossing the
Monocacy river within one mile.
The \Vashington pike and the railroad
cross the river within a few rods of each
other, and the croming here was guarded by
a block house and intrenchments on the west
side, and a small earthwork on the east.
Wallace plamd his troops in position along
the Monocacy, with some cavalry and in-
fantry pickets on the west side. On July 7
the first division of the Sixth corps arrived
from Washington, under command of Gen.
Ricketts. Early’s forces had rendezvoused
at Frederick, and on the 8th be levied a tax
of $200,000, which wm paid, and which he at
once invested in clothing, shoes and food
supplies for his army. . .
The next day Early movai out on the pikes
toward Monocacy Junction with his main
force and sent Bradley T. Johnson with his
cavalry brigade on a raid around the rear of
Baltimore to cut the railroad connections
with Philadelphia and Harrisburg. The
Confederate force was ably commanded.
Rodcs’ division moved out on the Baltimore
road and Ramseur’s on the “'ashington pike,
accompanied by several pieces of artillery.
Gordon’s infantry and McCauslaud’s brigade
of cavalry swept around to the right across
the railroad, moving over the Mouocacy to
the south and rear of Wallace. . '
The Union troops were drawn'up between
the two pikes, facing westward. Tyler’s right
flank rested on the Baltimore road, his left
ontherailroad. Ricketts’ line extended south
from the railroad acros the Washingtm
pike. Early opened with theg’unsof three
batteries upon Ricketts and Tyler, and ad—
vanced against the bridgm. McCausland’s
cavalry forded the Monocacy and were mov-
ing of! in Wallace’s rear when the Union
horsemen, under Col. Clendeuin, fortunately
T's-enforced by a. battalion of veterans under ,
Maj. Charles A. Wells, of the First New
York Veteran cavalry, deployed and held
them in check. Under the cover of this
movement of McCauslaud, and the attack in
front, Gordon crossed his infantry and de-
ployed, moving up in two lines, with his left
rating on the river. Ricketts promptly
swung his line around facing south to meet
Gordon and cover the Washington road.
The advance guard at the bridges resisted
stoutly the attacks of the Confederates on the
west side. The enemyhad the most guns.
Tyler had but three and Ricketts three to
begin with, and when the battle became hot-
test on Ricketts’ line, two of Tyler’s guns
were added to Ricketts. '
At the stone bridge on the Baltimore pike
Tyler’s men held out bravely, but all along
the Union line on the river the Confederate
artillery delivered a damaging fire. .
Gordon made three desperate charges, and
each time broke Ricketts’ line. In his official
report Gordon says that the fighting on both
sides was heroic,
and that a stream
that ran through
the battle field was
dyed with blood for .
hundreds of yards.
Ricketts was forced
back to the pike;
Ramseur’s Confed-
erates carried the
railroad and pike
bridges, and ran a
battery across and
opened on Ricketts’
rear. Wallace now
ordered Clendenin
and 'Wells to move
their cavalry down
the Washington
road to vent the enemy from crossing over
behind Tyler, on the Baltimore road. He
then drew in Ricketts to the Baltimore road,
while Tyler held on at the bridge until Rick-
etts was safely drawn back behind him.
In this battle Wallace had about . 3,5(X)
trained soldiers and 2,31) new men, and Ear-
ly had at least double that number, all sea.
soned soldiers. The Union loss was 98 killed,
579 wounded and 1,%2 missing. Early lost
DA VID HUNTER.
Norwalk Chronicler