n;
1"" ,—
ESTABLISHED 1800
Volume LXXXVII I.
An‘Ent'erprising Republican Journal, especially devoted to Local News and Interests. ‘x. g ,4“
NESDAY, NOVEMBER 21 , 1888.
NORWALK, CONN, WED
-, . L’ x ‘ .7
r"
. -g,_..._._.’—«———————-.————-———--—
an O .WARD BELLEQK ,
I nrnaauanoonsntocx. protestant.
FAM|LY GROCERIES.
ll?!
ii
i
are 931-2: oi“
. I0 YWJN‘U' 3- ' El 8’“ IIIIEIIIIIII “Ill“ Im
raven! OFFICE.
F-b-s
1:; n. (Innuendo,
investments,iieoli‘ntateanlinsnranee,
In )0.“ 2, MASON-10 BUILDING.
II" no . Lockwood ,
Real . Estate, I theorem. land Investment.
Securities.
MONEY 'ro 1.993.,
Insurance Placed In First-(tiara Countries. .
Ulllt'P—J‘nr. MAIN .t WALL M‘s. NORWALK
Iyll‘.
.1. Ingrownnew.
itinrner illfoonrelor iii. in
E'iIAZE‘l‘TE BUILDING, NORWAliK, CONN.
~limos-x. s. GIBSON.
organist of istCongregaiionaI Church. Waterbury,
Teacher of
Pianofor e, Organ and Musical
Composition, '
Lock Box 39 P 0., NORWALK, CONN. \
II. b. liyington,
Pension inn Patent Attorney,
.\r... 2.41 EIGHTH STREET, N..'_n.,
W .\N‘IIINII'I‘IIR'. D. I‘. ”16
"l‘ A 11*qu .\‘Is: 0., of HARTFORD.
41L firmerporatedisl‘z. Charter Perpetual.
fiAl‘l'I‘Al. in. assets. espousing.
Insures ._ inst loss and damage by Fire, on
urine atloxttagl to the hazard and .'ooeaistent..wilh
he lnws of compensation. COWLES a MERRILL,
sole Agents for Norwalk and vteinityr
I The
s . 1
Norwalk Fire Insurance Lo.
Ilaa now completed Its
18th SUGGESSI‘UL BUSINESS YEAR,
and has not outstanding adoliar of unpaid losses
)rclalnis Ioriosses. No sound rampant] insures
l-n' less. . ‘ .
w. t‘. Srans’r, i'reu. Giro. B. 51‘. JOHN. l‘reas.,
(lino. It. (Townes Secretary.
Express.
l'ntrunlze the old reliable
ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY.
LOW RATES AND I'KOII I'T DELIVERY.
Branch (mice, Norwaik. at" S. K. Stanley’s
r (em: II II). or South Norwnik. till!
“I 'm (e. ‘p ' l1. IluNr. Agent.
(i. A FRANKIE,
THE HAIRGUTTER,
No. l Gazette Building.
nor also con: BATHS.
' PENSIONS
"1 unvnnsolw'" '~
Her, (31'
.n... l
Haunt noss,.
Rertonraotfioie annionoiinn Bonn,
Grand central Station,
4 STREET AND 4m AVENUE, New Your:
Entrance from waiting room, New York, New
Haven anti Hartford railroad. Ilsa
' OT E, WILSON,
ii renal Insurance d Ilell Estate Agent
Money to Loan.
tacks, Bonds, &c., Bought and Sold
nnd"Loans Negotiated at Lowest
Rates of Interest. .
“00“ N0. 3~GAZETTE BUILDING
Nouwamt, CONN.
a
I“. K 0 C (LU R.
Merchant Tailor;
Illas received a Full Line of Fine Woolens for
illlllllli' Ill-B ‘S‘IIIIIIEB Till-II.
Which he will make up In
Boot Style at. the lore Lowest Priors.
Satisfaction. Guarantor“
3 and {5 Main Street, Norwalk, Conn.
ly3li ‘ ‘ I
- w. 11. tinnitus,
Pinnliln. Steam oil Gar Fittinn,
3 sourn NORWALK, CONN.
unitary, Plumbing, and Ventilation, and
anressurc Steam Heating, a Specialty.
PLU .\IBERS' SUPPLIES. .
‘I'Ipe and Fitting for Steam and Gas.
Agent. int-the Florida Low Pressure Boilers
SIZES-0L
ir‘aciiitieslor' Cutting and Threading all
Ind; - 50!!
fl
Geo. ll. Raymond,
Furniture Dealer.
AT THE OLD STAND,
36, MAIN ‘ STREET.
"all kinds of Furniture Cheap
or Cash. Also
FIIRIIISIIIIIGLIHIDEIITAKIII.
Iai'n re ared to take charge day or night and
zurnlshpcvgrything. necessary for the. Intelnent of
.ne dead. 'i'elepuon Connection With maidens:
:No. it Berkley l‘lat-e.
F. W. JAQUI, re.
A Large Stock of!
DEALER IN
Stunned. 1 inner. in ones-
. Furnaces and Steam Beaters,
’I‘in, Sheet Iron, Copper, Wooden, Glass
and Crookcrv Ware.
Ilefrigernlors and House Furnishing Goods.
Generally. A Full line of
‘ on [LDREN‘S CARRIAons.
Plumbing. Gas and Steam Fitting, and Hot Air
Engineering. Agent iorthe Richardson
it Boynton Co’s.
(furnaces and Ili’uJig‘es,
Also agent for the Economy
an & WARM AIR-COMBINATION lln'rsn
kinds of Ornamental and ‘Piain Slnteing, 'I‘In
Shingle Rooting. . .
.tspairuu Done by Experienced Wortmen
Short-Notice.
6'3 WALL STREET,
“03 W ALK. CONN
i7'i'l-oomflo. 4, Opt-Stair, . I "
run THREE DAYS’ FIGHTING.
' Orchard Knob. Lookout Mountain,
Missionary Ridge;
A Night Battle. aBecounquance, the Battle
Above. the Clouds, and. the Victory at
the Finish That Was Won by the Private
Soldiers Without Orders-‘Nov. 28, 24,
25, Twentyyfivo Years Ago-Openlnz-the
Cracker Illno.
Chattanooga is situated on the left or south
bank of the Tennessee river, where the river
breaks through the mountain chain. The
town is at the north end of a valley formed
by Missionary Ridge on the east and Look-
out Mountain on the west. The _ valley is
. five miles wide, and. Lookout Mountain is
two miles southwest of the town. From the
top of Lookout, five states are visible. Chat-
tanooga creek runs through the valley.
_.,,,s'
‘ Orchard
:3- no .
)
t.
K g g
. ' v‘
0?
osa ville.
. 2
~ 1!
HAP or CHATTANOOGA.
Just after leaving Chattanooga the river
makesn curve so long and sharp that it is no
marathon one! mile across, while it is over
' sixmiles around. Northwest of Lookout is
another range called Raccoon Mountain.
These three ridges, Missionary, Lookout and
Raccoon. were occupied thoroughly by
; 'Bragg’s army, after Chickamauga. Thus
from the cast, south and west, Rosecrans’
army was hemmed in at Chattanooga.
Weeks went by, and their rations were
getting short. All supplies were brought
from Bridgeport, Ala. They were taken
there by rail from Nashville. But from
Bridgepogt tho raih-oad, the Tennessee river
and the shortest wagon roads were all in
pomession of Bragg’s army. . >
To escape the Confederates, all supplies for
the troops in Chattanooga must be dragged
far around by a northerly route from Bridge-
port. Chattanooga and Bridgeport are only
twenty-six miles apart, but by the road the
teamstcrs were forced to use the distance was
sixty miles. Even then the wagon trains
were once or twice captured.
The roads were almost impassable in places.
There was no forage for the horses and mules,
and nearly 10,000 of them died of starvation
in the month of October. Those that lived
were in no condition to draw heavy loads up
mountain stccps. The wagon trains that car—
ried food from Bridegport to Chattanooga
were sometimes so long on the road that
when theyrenched their destination they
were already empty. The teamsbcrs and
guards themselves had consumed the food.
GRANT TAKES COMMAND.
The situation seemed melancholy enough
when, Oct. 18. a. new actor appeared on the
scene. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, bringing with
him the prestige of Vicksburg, was appoian
to take charge of the division of the Missis
sippi, including all the armies between that of
the Potomac and the Mississippi. At the some
time Gen. Rosecrans was relieved from com-
mand of the, Army of the Cumberland at
Chattanooga, and Gen. Thomas put in his
place.
Six days before Grant was appointed to his
new command, an event occurred in the Con-
federate camp that had important bearing
on the campaign that was to come. Oct; 12,
Jeflerson Davis, president of the Southern
Confederacy, visited ,Bl‘;bg and the field of
Chickamauga. . Ho made an address to the
”diets. 1's told them the green fields of
,oe'meo would shortly again be theirs.
Thdn ho, , detached Longstreet, with ll,000‘*~
infantry, to go on an expedition for the pur-
pose of driving Burnside out of East Ten-
nmee. Thus he took away nearly a third of
Bragg’s army in the face of an impending
battle and of tho thousandsof re-enforce-
manta that were already on their way to the
Union army at Chattanooga.
“This extraordinary military movement
—2* 3. (that of Longstreet
" against Knoxville)
was the work of
President Davis,"
says E. A. Pollard
in his “Lost Cause.” ~
“His visits to every
battlefield of ' the
Confederacy were
ominous” “On sev-
.~ eral occasions dur-
. 3:, ing the war Mr.
‘ ’ '1 " Davis came ‘0 the
ans-reason DAVIS. relief of the Union
army by means of his superior military
,stratogy,” writes Gen. Grant slyly in his
Imemoirs.
Gen. Grant; had an interview in Louisville
with SecretaryStcnwn, who came west for
the purpose. At its close, Grant telegraphed
’Thomas to hold Chattanooga at all hazards,
iadding that he himself would be there soon.
l Thomas telegraphed the historic reply: “IVo
gwill hold the town till we starve.”
I And indeed the starvation point (lid not
Ilook Sp very far off. The meat the soldiers
insed was from cattle that were driven across
Country front N ashvillc. There was soon no
16011 for the animals on the road, and when
they reached Chattanooga they were little
.clsc than skin and bone. The soldiers called
Ithis moat "beef dried. on the hoof. ”
I Grant started immediately to the front,
I reaching Nashville Oct. 20. He was at this
ltime on crutches, suffering still from the re«
sults of a fall from his horse ,in New Orleans
some time before. From Bridgeport his
l
the roadfirdinmfily’ was, its dim'culty had
Men increased to actual danger in some
places by recent , heavy rains and washout!
.aiqng the-.moufitainsmss. Over time points
the general was carried-in the smiles his
soldiers .
OOt. 23..Grant leached Cwmm 5118'
before .dhifli. His . first Mon, . fill“; game
night. was to. .teiezrcph..toflasbiigtpn ask-
ing. methan- Walton TmnShcmnn
bc-epmictedvzw commendthm f the
Tennsssgee- ,- Tberequest was. nuance;
Gen. Sherman’s headquartersweree ' be “in
thofield.” 1
Nextday, Oct. 24, Grant, madcapemonnl
inspection of the, Elma ,abdut Chatter
nooga.~ Immediately .WJhpordeI-ed
the “opening of the crackérdine ’ asthc half
furnished soldiers nomadic. This was direct
commfini .i ticn, with demfimhpnce sup-
plies were obtained- {The honor. of. forming
underestimation)!» farmehing‘ Bridge-
port dirept ebulou'ga ,'to...'Muj. Gen. W. F.
Smith. "Illtlmflnlbpprmy there were thirty
flmlthsfifthorank of general, but the one
who planned -tho'first move for the victory
over Bragg at Chattanooga was familiarly
and affectionately known to the soldiers as
"Baldy” Smith.
The move was planned before Grant
reached Chattanooga, and submitted to him
' ' the evening of his
arrival, Oct. El.
Next morning
Grant visited, in
company with Gen.
Thomas, the scene
of contemplated
operations. and ap-
proved . Smith’s
_ plan. Grant and
" -'Thomas were in
easy range of the
Confederate ' fire
across the river
, While making this
inspection, but
they were not dis-
bod.
w. in. extra. By looking at the
map the reader will understand the plan.
Three miles below the point where Lookout
Mountain touches the Tennessee river was a
crossing known In! Brown’s. Ferry. It opened
into a gorge inthcmountain, and here there
was a passable. road. . Brown‘s Ferry was. at
the narrowest point in the neck of the sharp
bond made by .the river.
0n the north side of the river, across from
Chattanooga, was Moccasin’s.
Three days after Grant’s arrival to trusty
officer from one of Thomas’ old brigades
was told to report~ at once to Gen. W. F.
Smith. He found Gen. ‘Smith waiting for
him. The general mounted his horse and led
the way across the pontoon bridge which con-
,uectoid Chattanooga withthe north side, of
thozTenncssec. They creased Moccasin Point
and rode swiftly towards the 'west, through
thaneckof the bend.
Sitting there by tho'rivcr with gray coated
pickets looking at the two from the opposite
book, just. as theth previously looked at
Grant and ’ Thomas, without firing, Smith
told thopfilcsr liiaplpnfor opening the bread
line to Bridgeport.
Briefly, it waste make a dash that night
_ ondc‘ap‘tnrc Brown’s Ferry and the heights
" ' T ' I —c-
. breastwbrks at once, from which they could
~ng for across the valley, saw the head
journey had tobomado horseback. Bad as ‘
steamboat from Bridgeport to Kelly’s Ferry,
above, and drive
the Confederates
b a c k f r o m the
g o r g o . Leaving
t h i s valley clear
would open t h o
railroad from
Bridgeport nearly
up to Lookout
Mountain—to
Brown’s Ferry, in "
short. .- ~
Lookout ’ Moun-
tain came perpeII-'.
dicularly to the wa- (
ter’s edge, and had
been cut away for ,
the passing of the railroad into Chattanooga.
Lookout; Mountain was in the hands of the
Confederates. But still, having brought food
and i'c-enforcements as for as Brown’s Ferry
by rail, it would be easy to 0mm them on
pontoons to the north side of the river. Then
by wagoniug them over the neck and Mocca-
sin’s Point there would be only the river be.
tween them and Chuttmiooga. The rest
would be easy.
That night 4,000 men moved down the river
to Brown’s Ferry from Chattanooga. They
were picked men. from among the bravest
and most experienced of the veterans-
Hazeu’s and Turchin‘s brigades. Eighteen
hundred of them floated down the river; the
rest crossed the neck at Moccasin Point, on
the north side, and waited for the river force.
Hazen, always ready for brave and ener—
getic action, led the pontoon force. Gen. IV.
F. Smith himself commanded the body that
marched across thoueck. Gen. Smith was chief
engineer of the Army of tthumberland. At
, ‘ 3: o’clock, Oct. 27,
Hazeu pushed his
pontoons out upon
the river in the
black, silent night.
The leading boat
was double the size
of the rest, and
held fifty men.
The p o n t o o n a
floated down the
_ north side of tho
7 river, hugging the
shore. T h o m e n
‘ -~- .. . dare not use the
GEN. THOMAS. oars f o r 1 car of
making a. noise and bringing the Confeder-
ates upon them. A strange, thrilling jour-
ney it v.35. They knew not what moment
they mi ght be discovered, and the hills across
the river blaze with destruction.
Once a piercing cry was heard. “What’s
that noise?" demanded the commander
sharply. A private soldier had fallen over-
board nnd gone dowh into the black water.
But no 'stop and no search could be made for
him. There was no more noise after that
one cry. The man was gone.
A great blackness, darker than the sky,
loomed up before them. It was the frowning
height of Lookout. They passed it; safely
and bI'eath;-.I freer. Three miles more,
Brown’s Ferry.
The great pontoon that was to stop first
drifted on past the landing. The pilot had
mistaken it. “Pull in, pull in, Co]. Foyi”
shouted Hazen out loud, forgetting himself
utterly.
The sound of his impatient voice reached
the landing on the south shore, to which the
oarsmen were now pulling for dear life. A
single musket discharge rang out through
the foggy air and gave the alarm to the Con-
federate soldiers. In five minutes all was
uproar iu the valley and on the heights.
In hot haste Bragg’s soldiers prepared to
meet the foo that had sm'prised them.
Hazen’s men captured the landing instantly
and started up the heights. Boat load after
boat load landed and followed their com-
rades. Turchin’s men were ferried over.
Their pontoons were used for building a
bridge. Turchin’s brigade had been waiting
on the north shore. They crossed, company
after company, until Baldy Smith’s whole
4,000 were there.
A rattle of musketry filled the foggy dawn.
Occasionallya heavy cannon shot mingled
with the muskets, for now the valley was all
alive. There was hot fighting and sharp,
but-it. was soon ovmvifimglgmgxtgnm.
session of thetap‘df a. hill, and threw up light
I
GEN. W. B. HAZEN.
J53“
not be driven, though two attacks were made
on them. -
By the time the sun had cleared the fog
away from the valley between Lookout and
Raccoon mountains he looked down upon the
heights at the river, and Brown’s Ferry itself,
in secure possession of the Union army.
Oct. 26, Hooker had, by order of Grant at
Chattanooga, crossed to the south sido of the
Tennessee at. Bridgeport and Inai'ched’cnst-
ward towards Lookout Valley. This was to
connect with Baldy Smith’s troops of
Brown’s Ferry. Hooker entered Lookout
Valley by way of \Vsauhatchic. Hooker had
some slight skirmishes on the way. bnl
reached Lookout Vallev. Oct. 28. 'au.
notchic was a town on Lookout creek, three
miles back from the Tennessee.
The pontoon bridge was finished by 10
o’clock of Oct. 27 by Smith’s command at
Brown’s Ferry. By afternoon of the same
day artillery was crossing upon it. “Before
the sun went down,” writes Capt. Kim~
beriey, “the captors of Brown’s Ferry, look-
of Hookei"s corps coming over the hills—
coming with full haversacksfrom ‘the land
of plenty to rte—enforce the starving Army of
the Cumberland. ” '
Following Gen. Hookcr’s march up the
Tennessee river on the south side came Gen.
Palmer on the
north side, from
Bridgeport. He
had with him two
divisions of the
Fo'urteenth corps.
He was ordered to
. comcuptheTennes
see to Whiteside’s
and cross there
.~ after Hooker had
passed. Then he
was to hold the
crossing in the rear
of Hooker. Thus
by Oct. 28, with
Hacker’s and Pals
mer’s forces stretched along the road from
Bridgeport to Lookout Valley, the army of
the Cumberland had once more a secure foot-
ing south of the Tennessee. It was never
again lost,
Supplies were brought up the river by
GEN. JOHN B TURCIIIN.
eight miles from Chattanooga. Here they
were‘rlanded on the south side of the river
and brought by wagon to Brown’s Ferry.
Tho rapids interfered with navigation be-
tween Brown’s Ferry and Kelly‘s Ferry.
At Brown’s Ferry goods for the soldiers
were conveyed across on Gen. Smith’s pon-
toon bridge. Thence to Chattanooga by
wagon was easy, and the Army of the Cum-
I\erlaud never went hungry again.
A NIGHT BATTLE.
The forces of Hooker and Longstreet had
been opposed to each other since the begin‘
ning of the war in Virginia. Now both gen-
erals had been sent west to try their strength
against each other on a new field. The valley
between Lookout- nnd Raccoon mountains
was held by Longsireet. It was through the
northern edge of this valley, skirting the
Tennessee, that Hooker was obliged to pass.
Hooker and the Eleventh corps went into
camp .1 mile below Brown’s Ferry, in the
evening of Oct. 27. Three miles in his rear,
at “'auhatchic, was camped Brig. Gen.
John W. Geary, of Pennsylvania, with a
division of the Twelfth corps. But the sol-
diers slept in line of battle, ready for attack.
It was not likely that they would be per-
mitted to raise the siege of Chattanooga nu-
molested. .
They were not disappointed in their expec-
tations of a fight. Hookcr’s march along the
river road to Brown’s Ferry was made in
plain view of the Confederate troops occupy-
ing Lookout Valley and the mountain slope.
Midnight came with the moon shining
brightly over both armies. The first hour of
Oct. 28 struck. lVith it came a burst of ar-
tillery and musketry that sounded in the ears
of the sleeping soldiery like an earthquake.
All sprang to their feet instantly. Geary’s
division back at the ferry had been attacked
on three sides by Lougstreet’s troops. The
attack was a very heavy one.
Gen. 0. 0. Howard was the commander of
the Eleventh corps. Hooker had general
command of the Eleventh and Twelfth ,corps
together. Howard was no sooner awakened
by the noise of battle than a messenger came
to him from Hooker, saying: “Hurry, or you
cannot save Gem-y.” Schurz’s and Stein-
wchr’s divisions were hurriedly started
toward the sound of the firing. Gen. How-
ard himself, with two companies of cavalry,
hastened in advance of the infantry. ‘
Alittlo after 3 o’clock Howard reached
Genry. He found that Geary had already
done his work .bravcly and well. Long-
street’s men had
been driven back.
Our readers have
met with the poem
called the “Charge
of the Mule Brig—
ade." It was dur-
ing this night but-
tlo that the inci-
dent which orjgi- .-/
hated the poem oc-
curred. During
the noise and the
flash Of artillery
and- rackets! in
can. Joint vinegar,
#9-
th‘é darkné'ss the ”males belo 'n to ’s
division suddenly nonmetal: witm
and made a stampede. By thehnndmd they
broke loose and .galloped directly into the
midst of the Confederate ranks. In the dark-
ness it was easily mistaken for a charge of
cavalry.
Gen. Geary had won the fight at his and
of the line. But it was at a cost which to
him could never be made good. For in that
night battle his gallant young son, Liana
Edward R. Geary, was killed. Gen. Howard
found Gcary thus sure stricken in the very
moment of victory. ' '
The battle in the darkness lasted three
hours. Geary held the Union right. Hook-
er’s army was encamped to face Lookout
Mountain.
While Geary was fighting on the right,
Longstreet made an'attnck on the left, near
Howard’s headquarters. He hoped thnsto
engage the left, and prevent assistance from
being given toGeary. He sent the attack-
ing column around almost to thcrsrear of
Howard’s camp, and ordered them tocap
turo a hill there. Theyhud ascended the
hill and Were intrencbing themselves as best
they might in the dark before they were dis-
covered. '
As soon as their presence Was known-Col.
Orland Smith was ordered to charge the hill
with his brigade and carryit. Thishodid
gallantly. His men charged up'the' stoop,
rocky hillside, and drove the Confederates
from the top-at point of the; .
Longstrest was thus rcpnlsid on the right
and on the left. He fell bokafrom Lookout
Valley, which thence on remained clear of
Confederates. After the‘ night battle in
Lookout Valley Imgstreat was acutagainst
Ems at Knoxville. This experienced
an . ' vo Confederato general thus opened
the fighting at Chattanooga, but took no
further part in it.
In the night battle of Oct. 28 the Union
army lost 420 men, the Confederates still
more. After this battle there was no more
interruption in the forwarding of supplies to
the army at Chattanooga.
“THE MOST SPECTACULAR BATTLE
IN OUR HISTORY.”
It required some .timo to get the starved
horses and animals as well as the soldiers
themselves in proper condition to fight the
great battle that was impending.
Sherman was meantime ordered to hasten
to Chattanooga with the Army of the Ten‘
nessee. This was Grant's own old army,
that had fought the battles of Fort Donelson
and Pittsburg Landing, and besieged Vicky
burg till its fall. It had remained to Mint.
sippi after the fall of Vicksburg. On reach-
ing Chattanooga, :.
Grant telegraphed
to Sherman to
move to Steven-
son, Ala, with his
entire force, and
wait further or-
ders. He was next
ordered to come to
Chattanooga.
Owing to rains and
bad roads, his ,. _. ,
troops did not ./' , "
reach position till 74/? ‘ III .~
Nov. %. They 4 ‘
Were placed on the GEN. w. 'r. stimulus.
Union left. three miles above Chattanooga,
on the north bank of tho TennesSec.
Nov. 23, Gfimt decided to makoa recon-
naissance and ascertain whether Bragg still
occupiedliis old position along Missionary
Ridge, to the east of Chattanooga.
ORCHARD KNOB, NOV. 23.
One of the defenses of Chattanooga was
named Fort Wood. Between Chattanooga
and Missionary Ridge is Orchard Knob,a
bill 100 feet high. It was covered with firm
her, and at its western base weroConfeder-
ate rifle pits. Fort Wood faces Orchard
Knob»
Gen. Gordon Granger commanded the
Fourth armxsem’.“He was ordered to malts
Ikel'wfinomswm towards Missionary Ridge
at noon, Nov. 23. The corps marched out
upon the open plain in magnificent style,
fia‘gs fiying, drums and buglcs sounding, ten
thousand polished arms flashing in the sun.
Gen. T. J. Wood’s division led, Gen. Phil
Sheridan’s held the rear. 0
Standing upon the parapet at Fort Wood
viewing the splendid corps weroagroup of
men illustrious in American history—Gena.
Grant, Thomas, Hooker and Granger, and
Hon. Charles A. Dana, assistant secretary of
war.
It was like a grand military review, and
these distinguished men were watching it.
- Other eyes were
watching, too,Con-
foderato eyes,
through field glam
es, on Missionary
Ridge heights.
Anhourafter the
corps appeared on
the plain in front
' of Chattanooga the
1’ 5‘“ bugles sounded the
. ‘ ‘2 advance. It was
" _ 'not a grand mili~
tary parade. It
I was a real move-
GEN- T- 5- W00“ ment forward.
Steadily, magnificently, as if they had been
still on dress parade, not a man out of step,
the two divisions swept onward.
“This is magnificent!" .exclaimed Gen.
Howard, who had recently come from the,
east.
it was not a dress parade. Their pickets fell
back. Quickly from the Confederate rifie.
pits at the foot of Orchard Knob’camc a
sound of musketry. The Confederates opened
the battle. Their fire was answered by a
great roar ,of cannon and musket from Gran-
ger’s corps.
The group of distinguished men standing
upon the parapet at Fort Wood saw a cloud
of white smoke rise over the woods at Orr.
chard Knob. Premntly they heard a cheer, _'
faint in the distance but clear. Granger’s
men had carried Orchard Knob. '
The reconnisaanco had been a real fight.~
Wood’s division last over a hundred. Gen.
Rawlins, Grant’s chief of staff, stood beside '
that now itf
him at Fort Wood. He
would not do at all to withdraw the troops
from the Knob. Grant said nothing. Ho
was smoking slowly. “It will have a bad
effect to bring them back and let them try it
over again.” persisted Rawlins.
“Intrench them and send up support,” an.
swered the silent man.
Then the ofiicers on the parapet knew that
tle battle of Chat- . ..
tapooga had be-
gun. There was
hurrying to and
fro. Order-lies gal-
loped hither and
thither. Dispatches
were sent to Gran-
ger, to Palmer and
to Howard.
Not many min-
utes passed till the
U u i o n s o Idlers
were building a ’
new advanced line /,/ "
9f intrenchments, I '
(sci: film an. GIN. among.
Ridge Orchard Knob was the point of sup-
port. The group of men upon the parapet,
changed their post of observation to Orchard
Knob. Carl Schurz. Phil Sheridan and Gen.
Howard joined them. , A brave picture they
made, looking across utBragg on Mlsiomry .
Ridge. Butit mow the days or ama-
teur photography. ' ’ ‘
Gen. Osterhaus, of Sherman's army, had
bean left with his (:0de with Hooker, on
the west side of Lookout, owing to the dif-
ficulty of crossing to the north side of the
river at Brown’s Ferry. . Grant’s original
ion of battle had been for Sherman to turn
Bragg’s right on Mlssiénary Ridge; He still
adhered to it, thongh'Sherman did not open
the battle. '
“THE BATTLEABovEfri-IE CLOUD$,”
NOV. 23..
Gen. Hooker was ordered to makeado-
mmstlptionczainst Lookout Mountain early .
Nov. 24. 'At 8 o’clock Gen. Geary’a division
and Whitaker’s brigade crossed Lookout
creek at Wnuhatcblo with their-fines towards
Lookout Mountain. A he“! mist hid tho
forward movement Tron! the Confederates
for some tinge.» Aslsoon-aslit‘ was discovered ,
they formed: in line, fa'cingtho, road over this ,
creek. .
Gen. Craft, with vtworbrlgadcs-Whitnker's
and Groso’se-formodo division of .Hooker‘s
army on tbe'yvest'side‘of lookout, Mountain.
,with firm also.
Hacker’s Instruco
tions included pen-
mlfiion to capturo
' thc summit of
' lookout Mountain
if he thought he
Osterhans’ division _ w]!
-: could do so. He
r-slkednooflrerpo-
mission
'.The. hood or
drove in the Con-
isdersto pickets.
" ' ‘ lacing northward
our. Joann .1100er his menu”...
”“nwn'idfi At NQM'f'ordinthsu-az.
The watching Confederate ofilcers saw that ,
, Gary’s cola-l
Then suddenly
lining along". tho
meanwhile engaged tli'CCOniederate's at—
tention. It was at the Chattanooga road
ford that ll'ooker’s crossing had been ex--
peeled, and not at the Wauhatchie ford.
‘ While Gemy's and Croft’s divisions were
thus Occupying attcnlion at the two lords,
Osterhans’ division was building a bridge
half a mile above the Chattanooga toad
ford. Itwas finished and thedivision crossed
Geary, who had creased the creek back at the
Wauhatchie ford, was marching steadily and
rapidly north along The rugged mountain
side to join Osterhaus and Craft. By ll
o‘clock the three were. together on the Con-
federate side of Lookout creek.
At a given signal, artillery from Moccasin
Point, across the rivelgbegon to play upon
the Confederate works on. Lookout. So did
the guns left by Hooker on the west side of
the creek. A direct assault up the mountain
was made by Ostcrbansi' and Gross.
They were forced to fight their way step
by step up the terrible mountain side. The
assault and the fighting together formed as
difficult a task as men ever had to encounter
in battle. Still, up they Wont, not pausing
for a moment, 'fighti _ pad climbing for two
hours. They carrl ' {the point, known as
White House phase, where the Confederate
works were most numsto"_‘ .ns._ _ '
Then Hooker ordered a halt all along the
fine. It was 2 o’clock and the men were well
nigh out of , ommunitlgn They had been
fighting and marching nee daybreak.
wards Missionary Ridge.
_ Hooker had; gained
very slowly, 'gOing’to
mere looked down
from, LOOkont
M on n ta i n into
Chattanooga, as
they .had done the
as ninmer before.
But it was not now
occupied by
.1. Bragg’s army as it
‘ S had been then, but
GEN. 0. o. HOWARD. by Grant. When
Hooker ordered the halt at 2 p. m the clouds
had grown so thick about him as to prevent
further advance. Below, at Chattanooga,
the fight presented the most wonderful sight.
This was the famous ‘ ‘battle above the clouds”
so often described.
Down about Chattanooga there were 30,000
men. They heard all the'forenoou the rattle of
muskets and the deep voiced sound of can-
non from the direction of lookout. 'Sud-
dcnly, while they gazed, the shroud of mist
parted for a brief space upon White
House plateau. It showed to - them a
battle upon the plateau, with men in gray in
retreat and men in blue in pursuit. The
brief glimpse was enough for the gazers.
They rent the air with such a cheer as the
mountains never echoed befOre or since. It
was Gen. Meigs who named it the “battle
above the clouds."
The victory upon Lookout and around its
north end put Hooker in immediate commu-
nitration with Chattanooga. By 5 o’clock
Hooker received supplies of ammunition,
ready for next day.
THE UNION LEFT, NOV. 24.
At midnight of Nov. 23, after Orchard Knob
had been taken. a pontoon bridge was begun
across the Tennessee, seven miles above Chat-
tanooga. Here. on the north sido of that
river, was Sherman
with the army of
the Tennessee,wait-
ing to crom and at-
tack Bragg’s right
on Missionary -
Ridge.
The route on the
south side of the
river was cleared
so as to keep Com?
munication w i t h"
Sherman, in the
way described by
Gon. Howard:
“G r n n t directed
Thomas, and Thomas directed me, and I di-
rected Steinwehr to send Bushbick with his
brigade.” Another brigade, some artillery
and cavalry accompanied, and these, with
Gen. Howard himself, moved up the south
bank of the river to Sherman’s bridge.
The last pontoon was added to the bridge
near 11 o’clock a. in. Nov. 24. Sherman’s
troops began to cross and move up the north
end of Mission Ridge. It‘was rugged with
gullies, fallen trees, great rocks and moun-
tain spurs. The climbing was almost as dif-
ficult us that accomplished by Hooker-’3 men
in the morning, but the fighting was not so
severe.
GEN. PAT. CLEBURNE.
over the obstacles nature and man had
placed in his way, until he gained two bills.
extbefore him was Tunnel Hill, heavily
fortifiedmnd there the right of Bragg’s main
tangy began. There Sherman pa .
I was now them at 0 Nov. 24. From
the top of Lookout, be ow attanooga, Hook-
or’s camp fires were seen on the Union right.
In the center, at Chattanooga, Grant and
Thomas wore. Above them, on the Union
left,Sherman’s campfires shone in the dark
nets on the north summit Mflllssionary
-Rid‘gc. Alittlo’sOuth of him’on the same
ri Btu Tsar-m was or” and so
.alllgrodited‘l‘gr the _ ya gym.- 55%
MISSlONABV RIDGE, NOV, 25.
Before‘ Sherman’s pontoon bridge was
24.13. part of his hoops'had'bcbn sent across
to tho‘south side of the river-in beats to pre«
vent an attack. They were the commands Cf
Gena. Giles A., Morgan L. and John E.
Smith. Morgan L.’s' and John E. Smith’s
forces were used in the first attack Sherman
made at dawn Nov. 3. Gen. Frank P. Blair
’ , _" was commander of
the Fifteenth
corps, which con:
sisted o f t h r e c
divisions, under
Morgan L. Smith,
J ohu E. Smith and
Gen; Hugh Ewmg' ' .
Bragg’s right, on
Missionary Ridge,
was commanded by
Gen. W. J. Hardee.
The Confederate
. . division nearest
\ .. Sherman was
. that of Gen. Pat
Clobnrne.
B had con-
Centrated all his
force on Missionary Ridge by the morning of
Nov. 25. The troops that had been on Look-
out Mountain, Cheatham’s and Stevenson’s
divisions, marched towards Brag duringthc
night of Nov. 24._ The great nfederatc
army that had invested Chattanooga on three
sides was now all'drawn ther upon one
mountain top. ‘At’ dawn o the 25th there
could be seen from Chattanooga long lines of
Confederate troops marching steadily along
Missionary Ridge. ' " '
With Sherman, in exchange for Osterhaus’
division, was Jeff C. Davis’ . division of
Thomas’ arm . It was left to guard the
bridge when her-man advanced
Earl on the morning ‘of the 25th Grant or-
dered ooker to come-down Lookout Moun-
tain and march eastwardthrough the gap in
Missionary Ridge to' ' Bomvilie and occupy
the pass. ltossvillc was at the gap. Hero
Hooker was to attack Bragg’s left and rear.
GEN. HARD“.
susnnAN'rs ATTACK.
At sunrise Sherman attacked Tunnel Hill
with his three columns. 'His right moved
around‘it 'on'the west, his left on the east,
whileBrig. Gen‘.‘ Jenn M. Cor'sc intho center
marcheddirectly' upthe hill in front. He
gained a position within 390. feet of Bragg’a
works and "made an' assault. ’ It was unsuc-
uséfnl. A second. one was foualIvso.
Cloburno’s Confederate . division distin-
guised itself gallantly .heregn‘nd' repelled the
attacks of . Sherman’s thr‘cedbluxhhs’, thOugh
Gen. MLSmith ‘*"
gained a point on”
th’e‘ left near the
railroad tunnel.
Afterthree hours’
fighting Gen. Cores
fell, severely
wounded. He was “
carried 03 thafield.
At 3 o’clOck p. in.
fighting c e a s e d
among Sherman’s
t r o o p s . Grant,
from Orchard 3" . ,
Knob, witnemed all ‘3" ..
operations. During
the forenoon‘bo .
sent Howard’s two 9"?“
divisions to rc-enforce Sherman. This attack
on the Confederate rig‘ht wasGrant's favorite
idea. Sherman new ‘ad with him more than
half of all the 65,000 Union soldiers about
Chattanooga. ' _
“FIGHTING JOE HOOKER.’
Hooker meanwhile had- obeyed orders and
taken the mountain pass atillomville, though
he was delayed three hours by rebuilding a
burnt bridge over Chattanooga creek. Octet'-
haus’. division was in thciadvnnco, and cap-
tured Rossville, overcoming'st‘ont resistance.
Then Hooker carried but the second part
of his instructions,'to operate against Bra'gg‘s
left and rear. His men gthe day before had
carried Lookout Mountain and fought tho
bottle above the Clouds; New they began
the ascent of the south. end of Missionary
Ridge, while Sherman was at tho northoud.
The distance between them was six miles.
Hacker‘s men advanced in three column.
00m
on the Chattanooga road, Grose‘s brigade '
But theCOchders'teslr'od retreated, though ;
n m m i t of i ,
‘ . .fcderate fortifica-
Union soldiersonco '
~ armies. Bragg
Without heavy resistance. Sherman pressed .
finished in the dark morninghours of Nov. '
east, west and in
from of Missionary
Rirlge,thesamedis-
position as that
mode by Sherman
on the north end.
Hooker-‘5 three col-
umns were under
Osterhans, Craft
and (hurry. They
captured the ridge
here. 'i'irut‘onfed-
error-s I z-inngcd to
A. i' t: «art‘s di-
vision. They were
driven from their
new. GEN. cuss. caurr. first “"0 “I ““"Ii-“A
It was 13: . '1
that had been built by the Union a:- 2.1-.
do ' of the battle of Chickamnugzr.
ho southern soldiers fled to the;1-...-.n~ :
line. Gen. Craft charged that gallantijx. a:-
then the Confederates broke and fled in 1.
directions. Many of them were captured.
Hooker hadwon the south end of the ridge.
Then it was sunset, and he went into camp.
THE PRIVATE SOLDIERS FINISH TH:-
BATTLE.
During the afternoon Thomas, directed by
Grant, ordered the four divisions still ro-
nnlning at. Chattanooga to move out. They
won those ofBaird, Wood, Sheridan and
Johnson. The men had mostly beenzlying
in the trenches at Chattanooga ever since
.tho‘hsttlo of Cluckamauga, and they were
wild to engage in the fight.
Between Chattanooga and the top of Mis-
sionary Ridge there were fourlines of Con-
tlons. Thefirstwas
th'iit captured by
Granger’s corps at
Orchard Knob; the
secondwasneartho
foot of the ridge,
the third about
half way up the
hillside, while the
fourth was at the
top, a very heavy
broastwork, pro-
tected by cannon.
The whole mount-
ain side had been
rendered impassa~
bleas far as could be with rocks and trees.
The four divisions Were ordered to go for-
‘OEN. OSTEBHAUS.
ward and carry the line of rifle pits at the ,
foot of the hill and then wait: for orders.
The signal for the forward movement was
to be six guns fired from Orchard Knob.
Not till 3:30 o’clock was the signal given,
and the waiting troops could hardly control
their impatience.
At last the sound of the cannon came
boom, boom. Twenty thousand men dash
forward like birds set free. They moved on
and took the rifle pits at the foot of the hill.
There they were to stop for orders. But
the were under a tremendous fire there,
It they did not sing. The hadno inten-
tion of stopping. It doub ul if anyhuman
power could ave-made them pause.
thousand voices cried, “Let’s go on,”all at
does. 011 they went,‘np, up the mountain
side, regiment after regiment. cheer following
cheer, till they had climbed over Bragg’s
last heaviest breastwork on the top of Mrs—
sionnry Ridge and captured it. It was the
most glorious sight in American history.
They seemed to beimpelled by some power
greater than themselves, greater than any of
their commanding generals watching them
from Orchard Knob.
“Thomas who ordered those men up the
ridge?” said Grant Wrathfully.
“I don’t know. I did not,” replied Thomas.
“Nor I,” “Nor I,” “Nor l,”satd the rest of
the enerals.
“ ell, somebody will suffer if’ it does not
turn out right,” was all Grant said.
Wood and Sheridan were on the field.
Messengers were sent at once to them asking
if they had given the order. No, they had
not.
“I didn’t order them u , but. we are going
to take the ridge,” said S eridan.
The men had taken their regimental colors
and charged up the mountain under a. most
terrific flro. Sixty flags were counted mov-
ing up the hill side.
I; was center against center of the two
hm-ried all the rte-enforce—
merits ho coud find to meet the coming
storm. They advanced on the double quick.
Shot and shell poured upon the upturned
faces. Cannon could not botrained upon
them, but the gunners lighted the fuses of
the shells and rolled them down bill.
It was useless. In six different places at
once the Union soldiers broke over the hill.
Sheridan’s division was the first, Wood’s
next. Wood and Sheridan followed their
soldiers up the mountain. At the top, “7de
joined his men. He was laughing, crying
and swearing all in a. breath. ’
“—You —— rascals, you’ve disobeyed orders.
I’ll have you all court martialed,” was all ho
could say.
Bragg was meanwhile trying desperately
to rally his broken troops, buta panic had
seized them and they were fleeinrr down the
mountain like wild animals. “ ere is your
commander,” cried Bragg dashing into their
midst. They turned on him derisively and
insultingly, and replied in the words of an
army song, “Here’s your mule.”
The divisions of Sheridan and Wood, that
had first gained the ridge, lost20 per cent.
of their men. A strange fact is that the as-
cending regiments each instinctively formed
into a. triangle or wedge shape, like a. flock of
wild geese. The regimental flag was the
a
pTxhb battle of Chattanooga was won in a.
way not in accordance with Grant’s plan for
turning Bragg’s right, and the victory at
the‘finish was won without any Ian at all.
Grant had 65,000 men about Chattanooga,
Bragg 40,000. The first fighting of this cam-
"was at Brown’s Ferry, Oct. 27, and
auhatchic, Oct. 28. The fighting that end-
ed the campaign began with Orchard Knob,
Nov. 23, and extended over the 24th, 25th
and 26th. Grant lost, in killed, wounded
and missing, 5,616. Bragg lost 8,684.
MAKING RAILROAD MAPS.
A Description of the Method Now in Use.
The Etchings. .
The method of making railroad maps is de.
scribed asfollows: Up to 1870 maps were
engraved on stone, copper or steel. The pro-
cesswas slow, tedious and expensive. The
plates soon wore out, and maps were costly.
About this time the process of making maps
on wax was invented. It revolutioned one
kind of map making, and they became al-
most as cheap as newspapers. The map
maker works in a room the temperature of
which cannot go helow90 degs. Few men
work at it longer than four years, though
years of apprenticeship are required to make
them expert. The heat becomes unendnr-
able in the end, and they go into some other
employment.
Preparatory to making the original plate
melted beeswax and some hardening ingredi-
ent are poured on n. highly polished metal
table.
piece of paper, but for the coarser kind the
waxen sheet is an eighth of an inch thicker.
Rough pen and ink drawings of the wor’.: to
be done are given the operators. They draw
the hair lines with sharp pointed instruments
by the aid of straight edges. The dotted
lines indicating county or township bound-
aries are made with little wheels on whose
narrow edge am out the peculiarly designed
lines. All crooked lines are made by hand
and require an artist's eye. The names of
towns, rivers, countries and the like are im-
pressed in the wax in type, letter by letter.
Every impression must cut through the wax
tothe polished steel plate beneath, for the
map is made face down. When all the lines
and letters are in the wax is placed under a
cooler temperature, which burdens it. The
wax is then cot‘ered with black load, and the
steel plate with its waxert east is suspended
in an electrotyping solution; The copper in
the solution covers the black lead and forms
a hard plate, which Is called the original.
The wax is then pulled off and the printing
surface is then presented. The thin copper
plate is backed up with type metal and the
plate is ready for use. It is usually pre-
served, however, for the making of stereo-
type plates, from which the actual printing
is‘ done.
In the preparation of the etchings great
care is required to keep the wax at the
proper temperature, as a degree too low
would make it hard t I work, and a degree
too high would melt and probably destroy it.
Often many hundred thousand Imps are or.
tiered, and from twenty to forty plates are
made from the original. If the maps are
small, so runny of these plates as can be con-
veniently used are placed side by side on the
presses, and ushcct of maps is printed at
each impression. The ordinary advertising
map is finished, when it leaves the press, but
the others must go through more hands be-
fore they are ready for use. But this is the
smallest part of tho map. The unseen work
'—-tho preparation of the original draft—rep-
resents the time, labor and money expended
upOn these articles. The method of prepar-
ing maps for places of learning and for the
’ ti'seof'thoso engaged in selling property is
much more elaborate and costly, and this
fact will be fully- realizcd when it is stated
that a map lately finished in this city, meas-
uring sixty—five inches square, was nearly
six years under way, and, when finished, cost
8‘.’0,030.-—Philadelphiu Call.
Influence of Head Lines.
Necessarily, hen‘d lines carry with them
.all'the'pow'er and influence of the journal in
which they appear. Sometimes they have
even beyond this an influence and a. power of
their o'Ivn; Occasionally a. phrase, a. catch-
'word,n witticism, a nickname, is, as it were,
Inspired. It has a life and n. mission beyond
and independent of that of the sheet which
"first gave it‘ currency. It may become the
rally cry of a campaign, or a term of .obloquy
' béneuth‘ which a man or party play sink to
in no more—Charleston News and Courier.
For fine work'the wax is as thin as a .
.) v,-
” TWO 1301.1...ng YEAR ,.
Numbered;
GENUINE COURAGEi
HA8 NOTHING IN COMMON WITH
DISPLAY OR BRAVADO.
More Combativeness Not an Uncommon
Nor an Exalted Quality—Tho Bulldog’s
Idiocy—Napoleon at Waterloo—Heroin:
of Every Day Life.
Courage, in any genuine sense, does not
wantonly court danger. 0n the other hand,
it does not shrink from or avoid danger,
when there is any occasionto meet it. ' It has
a worthy purpose and adheres to it unswerv-
.ingly, not counting cost or consequences.
Moro mental and moral than physical, it has
nothing in common with display or bravado.
It is so quiet and modest that it mightbo
mistaken by surface seers for want of confi-
dencc,.even.for timidity. It runs no risk for
the sake of risk; it wastes no ammunition ,to
make noise and smoke; it burns powder only
to speed the ball to its mark. The most
courageous do__not advertise themselves be-
forehand; they calmly await the test, willing .
that it should speak for them. They are scl-
dom imagined to be what they are under or-
dinary circumstances. They keep their own
secret, which they may not suspect them-
selves until requirement calls it forth. They
are devoted to duty; where it commands
they follow against fearful odds, leading for—
lorn hopes, charging in the face of death,
sustained and stimulated by conviction of
right. _ ‘
Many peoples, Anglo-Saxons Iiotably.~.at--
tach undue importance to what they esteem
to be bravery, meaning combativcness in
general. In our own country we are con-
tinually hem-ing the expressions, “He will
fight," “They are fighters,” “They won’t
give it up without fighting,” as if combative-
ness were the highest human endowment,
as if its possession would compensate for the
absence of any number of virtues. Combat-
. iveness is not an uncommon nor an exalted
quality. It belongs as n. rule to all savages,
it is a physical trait of undevelopment. The
tiger is neither noble nor intelligent, but in
fighting powers he is not surpassed by any
beast.
XDIOCY OF THE BULLDOG.
The bulldog is extremely repulsive in ap-
pearance, and so superlatively stupid that
heis generally regarded as a canine idiot.
But he has not an equal in the animal king-
dom as to fighting propensity, being as desti-
tute of fear as he is of brains. When he
seizes anything with his teeth his jaws often
cannot be pried apart. He has been known
to suffer death without losing his hold. Ho
actually has not; intelligence enough to de-
sist from what he is doing. His instinct is
absorbed and exhausted by pugnacity. Ho
has been praised for his readiness to attack
any animal whatever its size and strength. 7
The I'mpelling agency is not boldness, but
idiocy. By the common estimate he should
be chosen king of beasts. Men who are per-
petually prating of their pugnacity, and
their joy in showing it, would be like the
bulldog if they were not generally poltroons.
They resemble him minus his ferocity.
Bravery-temperamental disdain of danger
or death—may be, probably is, unusual, but
courage belongs to nearly all educated men,
to whole nations, even to races. Its absence
is with them an astonishing exception. In-
stead of being heroic, it is really general.
We must always judge of courage by its ef-
fect. Men who have appeared dauntless in a
score of deperato bottles have privately con-
fessed that they were often timid. They
doubtless, told the exact truth. Courage is
frequently, if not commonly, n. matter of
education ,of wontedness. This is seen in the
conduct of raw troops when first under fire.
They almost always are unsteady, liable to
be thrown into confusion. But after a cer-
tain amount of military experience they will
charge a battery without wavering.
EVOLUTION OF COURAGE. -
The soldier, at his virgin battle, is likely
to think that every shot fired brings down a
man. He alters his opinion when he learns
that an amount of metal equal to the average
human weight is required to produce a casu-
alty. His whole military education concurs
to increase his firmness. He who may play
the poltroon at the outset of a campaign may
be a hero at the close. Frederick II, the
most eminent general of his time, and one of
the most intrepid of men, ran away from his
first battle. Mollintz was won, but the com-
mander had fled. Napoleon, who had in-
vincible faith in his star, who had changed
the destiny of nations, who was the greatest
of captains, lost spirit completely when he
saw himself hopelessly defeated at quterloo.
and was found wandering aimlessly on the
field, dazed nnd stunned. His prodigious
courage had been driven out at last by an
irretrievable reverse.
Courage varies with our mood and circum-
stances; but, backed by will and pride and
faith in our cause, the outcome may be
trusted. It is less demanded in war than in
peace, which is incessant combat with im-
martial weapons. Every day brings its
trials, its temptations, its dangers, and to
oppose them courage is indispensable. He
who is deficient in it must. go the rear or be
drummed out of camp. The world will not
keep those who skulk or fly. The survival of
the fittest is but another phase, for the battle
is to the strong. It is harder to live than to
die; death is only a single pang; life is often
a long series of woes. Reason and science
have robbed death of its theological terrors;
but modern civilization has made life so com-
plex, wearing and arduous, that the exercise
of steady courage alone can sustain it. Ev-
ery man who lives out his natural life use-
fully and honorably, however obscure he
may be, is a hero. Only he knows what he
is compelled to be, to do, to suffer, and he
achieves the end solely by the evolution of
couragz.—Junius Henri Browne in Globe<
, Democrat.
Wellington's Interview with Nelson.
“Ho could not know who I was,” said the
duke, “but he entered at once into conversa-
tion with me, if I can call in conversation;
for it was almost; all on his side and all about
himself, and in really a. style so vain and
silly as to surprise and disgust me. I sup-
pose that something that I happened to say
may have made him guess that I was some-
body, aud he went out of the room for a mo
meat—I have no doubt to ask the office
keeper who I was, for when he came back he
was altogether a different man, both in man-
ner and matter.
“All that I had thought a charlatan style,
had vanished, and he talked of the state of .
v.-this country and the aspect and probabilities
of affairs on the continent with a good sense
and a knowledge of subjects both at home
and abroad that surprised mé’equally and
more agreeably than the first part of our in-
terview had done. In fact, he talked like an
officer and n statesman. The secretary of
state kept us long waiting, and certainly for
the last half or three-quarters of an hourI
don’t know that I. ever had a. conversation
that interested me more. Now, if the secre-
tory of state had been punctual and admitted
Lord Nelson in tho first quarter of an hour I
should have had the some impression of a
light and trivial character that other people
have had; but. luckily I saw enough to be
satisfied that he really was a very superior
man, but certainly a more sudden and com-
plete metamorphosis I never saw."——Crokct'
Moumsrowrv, TENN., July 4, 1888-
Thc Swift. Specific CO., Atlanta, Ga.:
Gendemcn—Five years ago I was so un-
fortunate as to contract an extremely bad
case of blood poison. My bones acined and
my muscles began to swell and contract. I
was .an'T trxttrncnf of the physician from
: .»' ion of the tl‘sease until I found
could do me no good. Then,
. 2 advice of a friend I began tak-
ing 5'. .5. 5. Your medicine seemed to have
an inmcdi :te effect. 1 took six bottles, and
to-day not sound and well. That was two or
three years ago. but I have seen no evidence
of tin -. return of the disuse, and I take this
opportunitt' to tlizuik 3‘ :1. lo: what it. has done
i' mo.
any on: to II‘.-.
You can refer
It Sii‘iCl my life.
M. \'V.~\l.l..
R.
r fl“) 'i:x., June 22, 1888.
1- CO., Atlanta, (3:1,:
Genileznnrw -1 filter of a member
of our firm \ LIIICICLI with a cancerous
sore on her face for about twenty years.
During the past 2‘ - v years it troubled her
vcrymucit byg...1~.inttcd pain and itching.
She used your 5. H. 8., and the sore has
disappeared and Is apparently well. Should
it b: enk out again. will advise you.
Very truly,
I'EEJDLIE’FUN, \‘ EARLY & RILEY,
Druggists.
Three boolrz mailed free on application.
THE SWIFT SPECIFIC CO.,
Drawer 3. Atlanta, Ga.
No lndy should live in perpetual fear,
and sullen from the more serious ironblcs
that so Often appear. when Dr. Kilmcr‘s
Complete Female. Remedy is certain to
prevent and cure tumor and entice-r there.
For sale by C. Inpluun, Main SII'L'cI.
Cholera prevails in the Philippine
Islands.
The microscope dgtnonslrnivs that con-
sumption, asthma and bronchitis are pro-
(lnccd by disease germs. Fontninc’s cure
Is the only remedy. For sale Irv (7. Lap-
hnin.ll Main Street, Norwnlk.
.\,
, ' b_l’~,\
scrunch
. "- a ..
I \_—'"
i5.
. ”‘ . ’. ‘
Absolutely Pure.
This Powder never varies. A marvel of pure
strength and wholesomenees. More economic
than the ordinary kinds, andcsnnol be sold incom- -
petition with the multitude of low test, short
weIght, allum or phosphate powders.
ROYAL BAKING POWDER 00.,106 Wall St., N. Y.
TRUE PUBLIC INTERESTS
Treated in a clean manly way. _
A healthy people make a prosperous nation.
People made and kept healthy by
Baker’s Great American Sterile.
Rheumatism with us Vise-like rip tortures its
victim until he loses control of to temper, and
then comes grave mistakes. Another turn of the
vise and Nenrnlgin torments all patience out of a
man. Relief from these terrible diseases makes a
heaven of happiness for the sufferer, and Baker’-
Grent American Specific gives that relief.
There is no mistake about this, and at this season.
In this climate, you cannot afford making the min-
take of licing without a bottle of this wonderful
remedy. Damp, chill winter winds, sleet, snow,
stop and ice are as certain to bring on the tor-
ments of Rnnmtuisu and tortures of NEURALGIA
as is BAKER’S GREAT AMERICAN SPECIFIC to cure
them. Price 50 cents a bottle. Prepared only by
Maurice, Baker do CO., Portland, Me. Doolittle a
Smith, 24 and ‘26 'l‘remont Street, Boston, Mass,
Selling Agents.
LADIES? EEIllESS
‘DYES‘
Do Your Own Dyeing, at Home.
They will dye eve thing. They are sold ev
where. Price 10c. urged-rage. They have noeqeg’l
for Strength, Brightness, Amount in Packages
or for Fastness of Color. or non-fadin Qualifies.
They do not crock or smut; 40 colors. or sale by
J. G Gregoryd- 00.; C, Lapham, In Main Street;
Geo d. PIaisIed.Drngg1sts. iy‘zi'
rovmows FURNACES
mm: LATEST earner innovxusun
ARE MANUFACTURED ONLY B!
The Boynton Furnace Co
N. A chzi'rox. East. 207 d :09 WATER ST. II.I
FOR SALE BY
P. w. JAQUI, Jr.
NORWALK. CONN.
2m36
/L ’7/
/
I
heals Without Leaving a. Scar.
Jessa IorsoN. f}: f
onetitfit:llfll.
llas removed to the-building -..
_ Next to Gregory's stillneiltiiirinireei
._ Where he does firsteclaas
car“5e__llepairing and Painting
l9tf At Baku-able Prices.
”I; .
rnnnonnnnnrnnlooillirr
DAVID STOW,
main Street opu'liepoi
SOUTH‘NORWALK, CONN
P. H. DWYER. . .
.Tire largest Stock of Hairless
EVER DISPLIIBD Ill TOWN:
All First-Class, Hand Stitched, Oak Ton-co
Pennsylvania, Leather .
THIRD CLASS‘ PRICE8..
Call early as I intend to sell at Stun. I‘no'l-‘Ir,
SEYEN1 Y-FIV :'
Set little oil Donnie Harness. .
IIAIIIIEIIIIIIIIIK IIAll,
Over Mitchell's Market, next door to P. i‘r’. Dwy~
er’s old stand. , Isl-f
EQUITA BLE MORTGAGE CO.,
on Kansas Ol'rv. CAPITAL 92,000,000
6 and 7 ercent. Debentnre Bonds and Mort '
Loans at ar and Accrued Interest. gage
R. B. CRAUFURD, Agent,
Room 2 Masonic Bailey 1
HENRY TILLY
CARRIAGE MAKEn,
SOUTH NOR WALK, - CONN
Manufacturer of
Family Carriages, Victories, Roulette.
WZIl-IIIN s ”Ariana, '
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
Harness, Blankets.
’l’runks, Bu gs,
Sole Leather and Shoe Findings, and Boot
and Shoe Uppcrs.
Corner of Patrick! Ave. and Biddle Street
Bridgeport, Conn.
ms -
For Sale.
DOUBLE BARRELLED RIFLE madeby Jolt
I |‘.
noon
Page’s Climax Salve,
A FAMILY BLESSING FOR 25 CENTS. I
Biissett, London. Wiii'bc sold cheap to
cash. Enquire at thaodice. ’
\
. \‘lo
1
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E:
Z ,
><
.2 ' :
I'l'l’
Z
a
l?
E-
‘4
E
E.
p.
0"
0
fi
2“
'3.-
Eu;-
Its action upon the system is unlike any other external remedy. as it never drives the
disease t ) tho Internal Organs. les
all the poisonous and corrupt humors,
properties go to the diseased part, and separate
through the perspiring vessels to the surface. and
emdicatcs the disc '58 from the system. \Ve warrant it to cure Old Sores. U‘lccrs;
Scroiula Sores, Sal: Rheum. Sore Breasts or Nipples. Inflamed Eyes, Swollen Glands,
Erysipelas, Boils, Scalds. Burns. Cuts. Bruises. Fistula, Piles, Corns,
and all cutaneous diseases on man and beast.
bialns, Frosted Feet.
PAOE'S CLIMAX SALVE acts like nun-1.:
Saddle and Harness Gulls, (Zhaf’es. etc.
Sores, Fresh Cuts, Snake liites, Bruises, Burns,
Bunions, Cliil‘.
on horse flesh in curing Scratches, nth-112,0“
It is put no in
boxes three times larger than any other Salve, and sold at the low price oftwenty-five cents I erlmx.
it Is warranted to cure in every case or money refunded. For Sale by Druggists and Dealers In nleflhM-
every where.
.____—___—————-
MIIFFAT’S LIFE ‘PII‘.
THE caca‘r STOMACH AND LIVER REM:
u
i
re.
Established by one of our most eminent physici ms and recommended by the medical
profession and dru'zgists who know their real merit, and are used With more pleasing
results t‘rnn any other medicine.
Moflat’s Life Pills are purely vegetable.
They act on the stomach, bowels, liver
and kidneys, purify and regulate the, whole system, and are warranted. a certain cure
for all Malarious Diseases, Torpitl Liver. Impure Blood, Janndice,
Dyspepsia, Loss of Appetite, Indigestion.
Neuralgia and Nervous Diseases.
Bilions Complaints,
CostiveIICss, Nervous and .‘ick Headache,
Female obstructions and General weakness. Scurvy.
Inflammatory Rheumatism, Piles of every kin I, Gravel and Diseases of the Bladder and
Kidneys. Colds and Fever and Ague.
MOFFAT'S LIFE PILLS are elegantly Sugar coated and easy to take and are a perfect aft»:
dinner Pill, one taken after dinner each dnv “all
and digestion and cure all disorders of the Stomach.
Headache and Sick Headache cannot exist if these Pills are used. For costiveness take one Pill at bedtime.
MOFFAT’S PHOENIX BITTERS;
Are not a drink used for intoxication, but a. pure medicine and only used by people
who are sick. 'l‘lIey correct the secretions of the stomach and are asure curator
Dyspepsia, Sleeplessness, Nervousnc s, Debility, \\'eakness, Loss of Appeti e. Femal-
Complaints, etc.
Thousands of certificates are in possession of the proprietor. giving,
perfect cures efl'ected by these invaluable medicines and we warrant that they will do
just what we have said or money will be refunded. It is simply asked that the aillictcd
will try them once,
their use will convince the most skeptical.
AGE'S CLIMAX SALVE, 25c.a Box. MOFPAT'S LIFE PILLS, 95c. :2. Box. MOPFAT’B
PHOENIX BITTERS, $1.00 a Bottle. For Sale by Uruggists and Dealers In medlctl .- everywhere,
or sent by mail or Express, pl’cpald, on receipt of price. .
.T. P. MILLS, Sole Proprietor.
85 LIBEETY STREET. NEW YORK.
If You Are Sick
With Headache, Neuraigia, Rheumatism Dyspep-
sia, Biliousnem. Blood Humour, Kidney Disease,
Constipation, Female Troubles, Fever and Ague,
Sieepiessness, Partial Paralysis, or Nervous Pros
tration, use Paine's Celery Compound and be
cured. In each of these the cause is mental or
physical overwork, anxiety, exposure or malaria,
the effect of which is to weaken the nervous sys-
tem, resulting inone of these diseases. Remove
the moss with that great Nerve Tonic, and the
RESULT will disappear.
Paine’s Celery Compound -
Jns. L. BOWEN, Springfield, Mass, writes :—
" l’nine‘s Celery Compound cannot be excelled as
aNcrvc Tonic. In my case a single bottle
wrought a "real: change. My nervousness entirely
disappears , and with it the resulting affection
ofthc stomach, heart and liver and the whole
tone of the system was wonderfully invigorated.
] tell my friends, ifsick as I have been, Paine’s
Celery Compount ‘
Will iCure You!
Sold by druggists. 81 : six for 85. Prepared only
by Wants, ltrcuatmsoN 6: CO., Burlington, Vt.
For the Aged, Nervous, Debiliiaied.
Wax-ranted to color more goods than any out: «
dyes ever made. and to give more brilliant and
durable colors. Ask for the Dummy-d, and t..:..;
no other. .
A Dress Dyed ”R
I Cant Colored lo
Garments Renewed gains;
A Child can use them!
IInoqunlIod for aII‘I-‘ancy and ArtWork.
At druggists nndMerchants. Dye Book free.
WELLS, RICHARDSON do CO., Prom, Burlington, Vt,
ll" IOU WANT
A HEATER
THAT WILL
HeatYorrrHonse
-——GET—-—-
All Kinds of Repaifinfi‘irwfi
Norwalk Chronicler