, _ l' “"9
tion. We are large enough, strong enough, cultivated enough to have a
policy of our own, to have manners and customs .of our own; and we
ought to be proud to have them. If it were Iposmble I would have an
American policy, and whatever was reasonably calculated to extend and
develop and foster that American policy and give us a foothold amongst the
nations and respectagility evefi-ywhere befitting the condition of a free re-
' 1d 5 en mom or. ~
ulgéjoiildcpuay tlije debts which theGovernment owes, the ascertained debts
of the Government, which are being pressed _upon the Departments and
upon congress, some of which have been adjusted and ascertainedand
which are just as much debts against the Government as any ascertained
debt can be against an individual. I would stop this cheese-paring policy
in all that relates to necessary expenditures and the enlargement in all that
relates to personal services and salaries. But I agree to the necessny of
duction. ' _ . '
$031313; eI\Ir. President, the more you reduce taxation on the President 5 plan
the more completely you destroy the protective system. Assume that we
are to reduce taxation annually only $60,000,000, and that to be alone on
raw materials and manufactured goods; that is practical free trade. It is
absolutely free trade on raw materials. Here are the figures. I- have a ta-
ble of dutiable raw agticles and the revenue obtained from them, and I Will
put the whole table in the Record. It amountedlast year to $12,419,699.
The proposition is to get that amount‘ of reduction, $t2,ooo,ooo, byJ put-
. ting raw materials on the free-list. There is no question about that eing
free-trade—nopreteuse, I think, that that is revenue reform. It is revenue
destruction. There is no pretense that there is to be a revenue tarifi on raw
materials. There is to be none. That leaves $47,500,000, if we are gonig
to reduce $60,000,000, to come off protected manufactures. How nine: do
they pay now? ‘ I quote from the Senator from Ohio [Mr. Sherman], w om
I think I can rely upon as authority:
Let us now turn from raw materials to manufacturers.
by me as luxuries or raw materials, are articles partially
manufacture. and manufactured articles ready for consumption,
as duties $84,034,090. . . F
That is all we get from them. 'Now, understand the proposmon. mm
the duties on these manufactured articles wholly or
we propose to take ofi‘ $47,500,000, if the recommendations of the Presr-
dent are to be in any wise complied with. Tfihey fuguish {lo-“’1 but $t:i.lt),-
. ' than half of the income derived rom t ese artic es mus e
000,000 More You would naturally
swe t awa in some way, the President tells us, . .
supgose that a 50 per cent. average reduction would about accomplish it,
If it would, a 50 per cent. average reduction, as every Senator knows, would
be a reduction below the protective point, and protection would be gone.
The Furnaces Would Go ”Out. . .
Reduce pig-iron to $3.36 instead pf $6.72, steel rails to $S.50 insteadhof
$17, and all other iron and steel duties in the same proportion, and w at
becomes of that American industry? I do not overstate it when I_ say that
there would be scarcely a furnace left in the United States, or a mill for the
treatment of iron. But a reduction 0f 50 per cent-upon those $84,000,000
which have been collected from manufactured articles Will not accomplish
the result. The knife has got to be plunged in deeper than that to.get the
reduction, for there is not astudent of political economy in the junior class
at one of our colleges who does not know that a reduction of duty iipon
manufactured articles, until you get down to the pomt where there is no
rotection, increases the revenue rather than diminishes it. .
One thing which has been alluded to before, the rcductron of the duty on
worsted goods and on worsted yarns, is an illustration, which the Secretary
of the Treasury himself acknowledges, of the truth of this fact, that even a
substantial reduction of tarifi‘ duties only serves to increase the revenue. It
is the revenup that the President claims that he Wishes to get disposed of,
and I thank the Senator from North Carolina [Mn Vance] for telling the
truth in this respect. He said: .
' an su ose that more revenue could be obt
mild: 1:35:33: cComiIifon sense teaches that the only wa to do that would be to lower the duties to
' could afford to com ete. ‘he proposition is too plain to require elabo-
iiiteigiilmlivvlifflehlild ig‘iiggriigliso every item on the utiable list on which the duty is now above rel enue
point. It cannot be otherwise:
Then again he said: f d - i d m u
tl reduction on wool b the act of 1883 the increase 0 uties recs ve on woo .se
aiisrlnfgiiraririiiilses of its manufacture in three cars was 3.1136503, under that law.i
And so with many other items in the tariff ists; but these will suffice as illustrat ons
Is it possible that the President of the United States is the only person in
the United States who does not understand this? I cannot. assume that to
be possible. If he does understand it, then the conclusion is mevr table that
to obtain the reduction which he says we must have in. the income of the
Government by the reduction of tarifi' duties such reduction must be more
than 50 per cent. Whether ignorant-of this or not the result is the same—
the absolute destruction of the protective system, I note the disclaimer:
tai'ltfifs $11.33} $25.12;?iilfii‘éiiriligfié’éifiiii‘i‘i’ifii.‘$$“‘$i'§?fi§§iie'§“‘éiiiifi§§i“ill‘hllifli
' . . ‘ ‘ t er labor of Euro c. All will acknowledge the. force of
times than are paid for Whusttlliiecfvi’llflnrgeaiildulliberal compensation of our laboring people. Our labor
. . . ' - ' ‘ dution of our development
ble in the 0 'es of ei cry American citizen, and ss it lies at the foun
iisiiiiorii‘ogress, it is culitled, without afi‘ectiition or hypocrisy, to the utmost regard.
To whom does the President allude when he uses the words “afi‘ectation
or hypocrisy ?:
The standard of our laborer
The imports not on the free list, or classed
manufactured for use as materials for
of the value of $218,052,246, which pay
alned from these articles by increasing the
of my position.
an argument which involve
s’ life should not be measured by that of any other country less favored,
and they are entitled to their full share of all our advantages. . .
I note what the President says about the reduction of duties upon manu-
factured goods not being to the disadvantage of the laboring, men of the
country; but if I saw a man digging away the barrier which held back the
gicat waters of a mountain reservoir, and he told me that he only intended
gentle irrigation and benefit to the valley below, I should pay very little
attention to what he said in that respect. And when I find othe PreSident
of the United States insisting upon a method of tax reduction, as he is
pleased to call it, which must result in destruction, it does not relieve the
situation that he tells me that it will notin any way work to theodisadvan~
tage of the laboring men of this country. . It is a good principle in law and
it is a good principle anywhere that a man must be held to intend the con-
sequences of his acts, and the President of the .United States must be held
to intend the consequences of his recommendations. .
Why not make this reduction elsewhere? \Vliy not reduce by repealing
internal-revenue taxation? Because the protective system would be left in
force in this country. War taxes! There is one tax that is absolutely a
war tax, and that is the internal-revenue tax. The tariff tax, if it were a
tax, existed to some extent before the war. I tliink,.inileed, that, all things
beings considered, it is not much higher now than it was before the war;
that has been elaborated somewhat by the Senator from MENUS-[M13 Frye],
but I can not stop for that. The war tax of the country is the internal rev-
enue tax. \Vhy not repeal that, or as much of it as is necessary to get the
required reduction? ,
Tobacco, Alcohol and Sugar Taxes. .
It is a tax upon our own productions, be they tobacco or corn. It is a tax
‘et the President of the United States
that o crates unequally, and y . . .
says digectly that nobody objects to that, and this great accumulation, this
surplus of money must pile up in the Treasury rather than touch the internal
revenue tax! How is it that this war tax, about which we have heard so
much, has all at once become so sacred? Why not repeal the tobacco tax?
Everybody knows that thereby we can reduce our annual income $30,000,-
000, or within a fraction'of that amount. Why not take oil the tax upon
'alcohol used in the arts? To say the 1 ast, there Will bc.$io,ooo,ooo. more
__$4o,ooo,ooo. And then if you must get as much reductions as‘I have beer:
talking about, why not take the rest oil sugar; 25 per cent. ofi sugar w1l
take of $15,000,000 more in round numbers. Or, if you do npt .“ant tlo
repeal the whole tobacco tax, if you want _ to treat the entire interna -
revenue tax as a whole and cannot touch sugar, if you want'to untax clothing
and do not want to untax sugar, and do not want to repeal the tobacco tax,
Why not take half off from tobacco and from whisky, and what reduction
will you get? Fifty-six million, nine hundred and twenty nine thousand,
seven hundred and eighty-eight dollars and Sixteen cents. There is but one
If there is the fear of this accumulated surplus in the Treasury
and no necessities for a coming Presidential cam-
paign, and reduction of revenue was the only thing to . be 1iliiiried
at, it would be and couldbe eaSilytaccompli'shed by dealing With t e in-
' ' ' venue’ taxation 0 t is coun ry. , ‘ ' .
willing“? sir, let me inquire whether there is to be _any attempted reductipn
of taxation, and if there is, is it to come along'the lines recommended by t ie
President, or is it to come along some other line? I_want tlie Dechratic
party to follow their leader; I want them to obey their commander , wlz‘tlilit
them to take ofi' the mask and let us have a square fight on this issue. . _e
Senator from West Virginia [ML Kenna] devoted an hour or. two to Cl‘ltl-
cisms upon the Senator from Ohio [Mn Sherman], and he devoted p miln-
lite or two to telling us’what sort of a measure we were gomg to get or he
relief of the Treasury and the relief of our taxation. I quote:
But, Mr. President, both the internal and external tax systems will be treated as a whole.
Is that the‘ recommendation of the President? Are the free-trade Demo-
crats in this Congress going to attempt to play that game, and tilien go lto
the country claiming the President to be a free trader, and that hat is t ie
issue in the next Presidential campaign?
t doubt, be reduced or wholly repealed; of this I shall be glad, and
ln'yllififgbifillfggiihggclvii'lillllfiog‘oli'erned by what I deem to be the fairness of the general revision.
' ' from a State which has
That is safe to say the least. And now, coming '
more interest in theprotectjve systemvthat the State of Connecticut has, I
find this as the only allusion to the interests of his State:
Iron and coal and the wool and other products of labor and of care and of enterprise will not be
sacrificed in this revision. .
It is pretty hard to find a free-trader who is not to some ”All“; a profic-
tionist for the matters in his own State. The Senator from afama [ ii.
Pugh], who lands the PreSIdent and says he stands With both . eehoIn t e
message as a platform, does not want any free ore for Alabama , an :3"-
‘tnre to say that the Senator from West Virginia does not want any we
coal for West Virginia or free iron ore there.
They will stand as other industries of the. country stout, subject to their fair share in the benefits of
whatever the system ma be as revised, and hearing, as they ought to bear, their fair share of the
burdens of the common at.
answer.
which their seems to be,
:
partly manufactured, -
'such a Governmental lockout as that?
Is the President to be Deserted!
Is the President to .be deserted by his party leaders in this Congress?
Are not his recommendations to be followed? Is not the recommendation
of the Chief Executive equivalent to a command? '
We know what the President means. He means free trade. Let us see
what free trade means. It means, first, financial disaster. But that is the
least of the burdens which it bears. It means the degradation of American
labor.
The Senator from.Maine, I think, said that up to 1842 not so much at-
tention‘had been paid to the effect of a protective tariff upon the laborer
of the country as to the development of its manufactures, but I have never
known the matter better stated than by Rufus Choate in a speech which he
made on the 14th of March, 1842, in the United States Senate. in which he
saliSt this I am ready to avow: that the protection of American labor, on all its fields and in all its
forms, is to be kept constantly and‘anxiously in view in all our arrangements; that you have the con-
stitutional power to secure that rotection, and that you are bound to do so, regardless of everything
and everybody but the Constitn on, justice, and a true and large American policy.
If these words had been spoken in 1888 they could not have been more
pertinent to the situation. I pause to remark that if when Rufus. Choate
delivered that speech in the Senate in the year 1842, announcing that the
object of his protective tariff was to protect labor in all its fields, any one
had ventured to predict the marvelous development which this country has
seen from the year 1842 under that system, varied as it has been at times,
but generally maintained, he would have been put down as a chimerical
dreamer. If Rufus Choate, with prophetic vision, had dared to predict
what his policy of protecting labor would do for America, he would have
been laughed at. From that day to this the cause of protection has been
the cause of labor. No Sophisti'y, no railing about manufacturers can change
that issue. Under the American system of protection labor has reached its
highest standpoint in the history of mankind.
The Laborer an Independent Sovereign.
Since the day when Adam tended the gardens of Paradise labor has never
been so elevated or honorable; the man 'who Works has never been so intel-
ligent, so comfortable, so happy, so respected, so wealthy, so powerful as
to-day in the United States. He is in privilege the equal and peer of any
man. For the first time in the world’s history he is an independent sover-
eign. The men who work, the toilers, under our system hold this protec-
tion in their own hands. They hold their destiny in their own hands. The
cry for cheaper production means cheaper labor, and cheap production and
degraded labor go hand in hand always. I do not say. let me repeat, that
labor has had or now has itsjust share of the wealth which it helps to cre-
ate, but it comes nearer to it here than anywhere else, and it cannot obtain
it under free trade. Take away protection from the industries of the United
States and you take away the ability of the employer to pay better wages and
of the worker to obtain better wages or a greater share in productive results.
Ah, Mr. President, if the dream of the philosophic socialist is ever to be-
come fact. if his millennium is peacefully to come when the nation shall be
one great co-operative commonwealth, assuming the direction of all‘enter-
prise and distributing to each his just share of the reward of labor, even
then the United States will need more than even now it needs the continu-
ance of this protective system. .
The Badge of Poverty.
Look at practical results. Raw materials on the free-list, wool from
Australia, iron ore from Spain, Algeria, Cuba, Elba, lumber from
Canada, coal from Nova SCotia, and salt from Turk’s Island—are these the
countries where labor is well paid? I want to say here, and I want to put
it on record that cheap raw materials are the badge of poverty ‘the world
over. Put all these on the free-list; they will be cheaper perhaps, but
$300,000,000 of American capital will be gone, and from 200,000 to 350,000
American workmen will be out of employment. What is labor to gain by
It will no longer be a question of
what capital ought to do by labor; it will no longer be a question of higher
or lower wages in those enterprises which are now engaged in the produc-
tion of raw materials; it will be a question of no Wages. Bituminous coal
costs now at the pit-mouth but from a dollar to $t.17 a ton. How much of
it will be mined with the duty of 75 cents per ton removed? All that is used
along our great seacoast and far inland will come from Nova Scotia, and
the mines here must stop, and when they stop there is no quegtion between
the miner and employer as to how much wages the employe shall receive
from the employer, The same is true of other raw material industries.
Let us go a little further. We have an annual production of manufac-
tured goods equal to $6,ooo,ooo,ooo in the United States. What is the
object of the free trader in reducing the duties? That he may buy foreign
products. N_ow admit, and there is no free-trader but what will admit,
that one-tenth of our production will come from abroad under a destruction
of the protective system. What is that? That is $600,000,000 a year that
we give up of our own market. It is not overstated; it is rather under-
stated. What does that mean? It means the destruction of one-tenth of
the capital employed in manufacturing enterprises; its means the throwing
out of employment, not temporarily, but permanently, of one-tenth of the
artisans employed in manufacturing operations. Where are they to go?
There is no demand then. There are just two places they can go to. One
is the farm and the other is the poor-house.
In the poorhouse they do not crowd the agriculturist; on the farm they
do. Or if they obtain work in such manufiictories as are able to live in
this country, what is the result? Down go the wages of all, because- there
is a pressure of the unemployed for places.
Now look at the other side. \Ve imported last year of certain protected
manufactures as follows :
\ l n manufactures ........................................................................ 8:“ 902 718
Blitz? ....................................................................................... 31:347:9;r.i
Iron and stee ...................................................... 119,203,)“
Cotton .............................................. 23,910“.
Chemicals .............................. (13,591,008
Jute hemp, etc ........................ 5,9333%
Crockery ............................... 5,416,z08
Total ................. . ......... . ............................................. . ........ $196,635,122
There are some others that I might include, but I do not. Suppose those
articles had been made in this country, as they ought to have been made
here, and as they would have been made mainly if there had been the
proper protection afforded to our manufactures, what would have been the
result? According to the ratio of produCtion here i00,000 men, mechan-
ics, artisans, skilled mechanics, and laboring men would have been directly
employed in the production of these articles. Should we have had good
times or bad times then? Would wages have been lower or higher then?
The manufacturers would have been bidding for labor. And not only those
employed directly, but the farmer who supplied them with the products of
his farm, and the carpenter who built their houses, and the groceryman and
the butcher who fed them, and the teacher who taught their children, and
the clergyman who preached to them on the Sabbath, would all have found
more employment and more business. And yet the President says that we
must not protect any more or to any greater extent these industries; on the
other hand, we must break down and do away with this protection. All
that I fear in the coming contest is that the Democratic party has not the
courage of its convictions to stand up to the President’s recommendations.
The Marvel of God’s Own Civilization.
I will say one word. about the method which the President proposes by
which manufacturers are to be compensated, as he aims all of this message
at the manufacturers. They can get cheap raw materials. and then he says
they can compete with other nations in the markets of the world. The
poor, pitiful privilege that they are to have to save them from rum is to.go
away from their own country. to seek markets in other countries. Foreign
trade is desirable, but it is not worth obtaining at the sacrifice of the trade
of this country. The trade of this country is thcmarvel of God’s own civ-
ilization, and to give up a tenth or a twentreth of it in the hope that we may
in some way compensate ourselves by getting the markets of the world, as
they are called. is the height of folly and absurdity. _ ,
Where are the markets of the world? Not in England, not in Germany,
not in France, not in Belgium 0r Holland. \Ve are not going to sell our
goods in England or the other conntries I have named in competition with
the foreign manufacturers. Freights and factorage are against us. We are
not going to Sell in English lands where she holds .them by. the strong
power of her army. We are shut up to South America, and it we could
get all the trade of South America it would not be 6 per cent. of our home
market. I wish we had it; but the idea of opening our ports, taking off
our tariff duties, letting the foreigner flood our market with his goods,
and then telling American manufacturers and American laboring men
that we can compensate ourselves by going into the markets of the world
if we can only have reduced duties, it seems to me is idle, and of all
free-trade sophistries is the shallOWest. Is it the proposition of 'wisdom,
is it the proposition of statesmanship? It is the proposition of free trade.
The line is drawn. On which side does the President stand? \Vhere does
the Democratic party stand? We, as Republicans, are protectionists, with
all that word implies. Is the President of the United States or is the Demo-
cratic party in any sense protectionist? _
Sir, it is too late in the century to belittle the system of protection, by as-
serting, as the President and all other free-traders assert, that it lays a tax
upon the consumer paid to the manufacturer. It is too late in the century
to seek to destroy that system by npp’caling to the disquiet of laborers in
the hope of arraying them against it because it protects alone or primarily
the manufacturer and brings “immense profits” to their pockets.
Protection is for the whole of United America ; its benefits are as exten-
sive as our boundaries; its “immense profits" :ll‘CJlS widely diffused as our
citizenship—it blesses and beautifies every home, it helps and strengthens
every citizen, the importer of foreign wares alone excepted. It is the
policy of United America in its competition with all the. world. Under
the fostering influence of that system America has gained its rightful place
in front of the grand procession 0f the nations. And unless we blindly per-
mit a Democratic President and a so-called Democratic party to destroy
this our sure safeguad of national success, United America will continue
to lead the world in the grand struggle for human advancement.
‘ NORWALK GAZETTE SUPPLEMENT.
-moment without, rhyme or reason.
HUNTING FOR FUR.-
A Perilous Pursuit. Described by a
Man 0:“ Experience.
Scenes of Murder and Violence Entirely
Uncontrolled by Law—now Unsuccessr
ful Trzippcrs \‘r'oro “’mit to lie-
picuisii 'ilioir Stores.
i. of Moorhead, Minn,
-“ the Northwest for
upwards of thin -:i. says the St. Louis
I’os'-Dispa!c’i. "T.- n\ i first. went to Min-
nesota,” said My. (whom. “I settled about
a hundred miles north of St. Paul, which
was at. the time the northern boundary of
civilization. Every thing north was wil~
dornoss,producing nothing but. inrs,and the
entire population was . sustained by the fur-
tradcrs. Two great rival organizations were
struggling for mastery in tho country bor-
William Ii. Up.
has been a. read -
deriag the Fed river of the North, the Hud- V
son Bay Company and the American Fur
Company.
ponies every man in Minnesota and what
is now Manitoba, was allied, and even
the Indians took sides, those in Can.
adian territory holding to tho Hud-
son Bay Company, while the Minne-
sota Sioux were friendly to the Ameri-
can Fur Company. The deeds of violence
that. were perpetrated in those early days
have never-been told. lt was all “Indian
land” and law was never invoked tasettle
any difficulties. During the early winter
there was seldom any trouble, and all the
men were busy gathering furs, and none
had accumulated any thing. But. wli’en the
sp.ing came and the fruits of the winter's
trapping were being brought into the vari
ons stations the ti-nppers of both companies
wcro in great danger. Nothing was easier
than for a man who” had been unsuccessful
during the season to watch until a rival
trapper came along with his pack, send a
bullet into him from behind a. tree and take
possession of 11‘s furs. No questions were
ever asked by the agents, and no proof was
possible. At Pcmbinu. l have seen half a
dozen trappers come in with packs of furs
wrapped up in canvas, stamped with the
seal of the Hudson Bay Company, but no
one thought of troubling them on that ac-
count. aithough every one knew how they
had untamed them. On the other side of
the line the some state of affairs prevailed,
and the trappers were exposed to constant
danger. _ The Hudson Bay Company had one
advantage over the American Fur Com-
pany,” continued Mr. Upham, “and that
was in the number of half-breeds in their
employ. The ofilccrs and agents of
the company were nearly without
exception Scotchmcn, and they regular-
ly married Indian women, some-
times two or three at a time, and raised
large families. When these grew up the
men always went into the employ of the
company, and enabled it to keep on the best
possible terms with the Indians. These
half-breeds were a peculiar race of men.
They had both the Indian and Scotch char-
acteristics, bad light straight hair, adark
skin and often blue eyes. They had the
heavy frame of the Scotchman, with the
activity and spareness of the Indian, and
were model trappcrs. But as couriers they
made their great fame. Such runners I
never saw. When it. was necessary to send
a message from one station to another, one
of these half-breeds would carry a. letter
through pathlcss woods and deep snow at
the rate of sixty miles a day for a week at.
ntime. They were not given to violence,
and did not. play much of a. part in the fights
that were continually arising between the
two companies, but as woodsmen and trap-
pers they werc admirable. The American
Fur Company had a. class of employee who
were almost as good in their way as the
Scotch half-breeds. Those were the French
voyageurs and the half-breeds from the
Mississippi Valley. The French never made
good woodsmen and could not be relied on
to act independently as the Scotch and
American trappers did. It was simply im-
possible for a Creole to set out through
the woods by himself and remain for
months alone in the wilderness. They
hated solitude, were not. good run-
ners and never could endure the
snow-shoe work that formed so large a part.
of the life of a trapper; but wherever
a canoe could float the voyageur was at
home, and he seemed to have a natural
knack of getting along with the Indians and
driving good bargains with them. As soon
as the ice broke up in the spring they would
set OR in parties of three and four, with a
birch~bark canoe laden with goods suitable
to the Indian trade, and would fearlessly
thread the labyrinth of streams and lakes
that is found in Northern Minnesota, would
stay a week at one Indian village, a day at
another, and probably a month at a third,
making themselves welcome guests every-
where ond always returning with a large
supply (f furs. A merrier, lighter-hearted
set of men never breathed. Always good-
humored, seldom violent, and never
mutinous, they were the best of all pioneers
to deal with, and .never made any trouble.
But. they were essentially nomadic in their
habits, never attached themselves to the
company, and were likely to desert at any
The
most turbulent and dangerous men,
by all odds, were the Americans. As-
trappers they had no superiors,
and when it was a. question of going
into a remote and dangerous country,
Americans were always chosen, the
peril seeming only to add mat to their
enjoyment. But hey were continually em-
broiled with the Indians, being thus very
diflerent from the French and Scotch half-
breeds. The Indians feared the American
trappers, but hated them still more, and
never missed an opportunity of rotting the
traps or killing the trappers if a favorable
opportunity offered. Where American
trappers had occupied any district there
was no hope of direct trade with the Indi-
ans, who were certain to assume a hostile
attitude to the emissaries of the company.
Few people know the reason of the decline
in the fur trade,” Mr. Upham continued.
“The introduction of the silk hat ruined the
beaver trade, and this was the mainstay of
the business.
“From the time that the present stove-
pipe hats become fashionable the beaver
fur trade went down, and by 1860 had prac-
tically ceased. The country became settled,
also, and the 'funbearing animals grew
scarce, and finally the American Fur Com-
pany went out of existence. The Hudson
Bay Company still keeps up its trade, but it
is on acomparatively small scale, and will
soon, in my Opinion, wind up its afiairs and
go out of existence.” ‘
» Bow to Treat. Frost-Bitch
During the past two days I have treated
several people for frozen hands and feet,
writesa doctor to the Kansas City Star.
Inone or two cases, I have found it very
difilcult to treat them, on account of their
plunging their frozen members in hot.
'water or holding them in close proximity to
tired-hot stove. The best possible way to
draw out the cold from frozen parts is to
plunge them into ice or snow-water, con-
taining a liberal supply of saltpeter or com-
mon salt, and then submitting them to a
rigorous rubbing with a Coarse towel, or
slapping with the hands to restore circular
tion. In many cases amputation has been
found necessary, where the patient has
foolishly applied hot water.
Once I Baby In - TorPot. ,
. Mrs. Nancy Coley, of Easton, Conn, is
probably the oldest native born white
American living. She was born on Green-
field Bill, Conn, in the fall of 1m, and was
so little that the nurse could and did put
her into a pewter tea-pot and closed the lid.
But, as the old lady says, I “lived and grew
nicely." She bore twelve children, all but
two of whom are dead. ’ '
A seven-room vein of coal was struck ro-
osntly by well-drivers on the Veach farm,
near the railroad station at Putnam, Ill.
This ls-the third vein struck there. It lies
betwecn inn-d shale, 896 feet down. ,
To one or other of these com-;
POVERTY 0F RIGHES.
A Millionaire's Small-Sound Scheme to
Save a row Pennies.
A financial man tells the Boston Tran-e.
script Listener interesting stories of a i
venerable Boston capitalist, whose name, ‘~
it published, would be “well known and
widely recognized”—as the interviewers
of anonymous persons always say—and
which, for that very reason, will not be
given here.- The capitalist originated in
a Massachusetts 'country district, where ;
ideas of thrift are instilled into people’s
minds in their ultimate New England
minutoness, and in this man’s case the
seeds of instruction inoconomy fell upon
friendly ground. To what extent be im- _
proved upon his education in that direc- '
tion one story will illustrate. He
once visited a dentist, who filed -
down atooth that had been giving him
trouble. Not long after another tooth be.
gun to give him pain in somewhat the
some way; whereupon the capitalist went
to a hardware store, bought a cheap file,
took it home, and had his son-in-law
file long and patiently upon the tooth. ,
But there is another story that illus-
trates perhaps even more strikingly the
old gentleman’s thrift. He used to drive
his own earrings, 0 two-horse top-buggy.
One day, just; before Thanksgiving, he
drove down to the Fanoull Hall market to
bargain for and get his turkey for the
frugal but traditional feast at his house.
As he drove up a boy started out as if to
ofler to hold his team. At the same mo-
ment he saw his cashier arriving on
foot.
“Well, Smith," said the capitalist to the
cashier, “where are you going?"
“Going to market to get a turkey for
Thanksgiving,” said the cashier.
“Yes? Well, I’ll tell you what we’ll do.
I know 'om in here, and if you’ll hold my
horse, I think I can go in and buy two
turkeys so that they’ll come cheaper to us
than it we bought them separately.”
“All right,” said the cashier. He took
up his station at the horses’ heads while
the. old man went into the market. As he
stood there. kicking his feet against the
curbstone to keep them warm, a horrible
suspicion came over him that his em-
ployer had no idea of buying two
turkeys, but had simply. adopted the
plan as a ruse to at him to hold
the horses, and. save 1'. 0 five cents that
would be expected by a small boy as the
minimum compensation for holding the
horsesl The old man was gone for a long
time, looking for a bargain, no doubt.
After awhile he hove in sight through the
door, and with but a single turkey, done
up in brown paper under his arm.
' “No use, Smith,” said he; “I couldn’t
makoit go. We can do just as well to
buy on our own account. Seein’ that that
was the case, I thought probably you’d
want to buy your turkey yourself.”
He got into the carriage and drove
away, leaving the cashier the happy con-
sciousness that he had, at the" sacrifice of
his time and comfort, saved a millionaire
tlve cents.
EXIT THE PUGILIST.
A Bruiser Tackles a Countryman and Is
Knocked Out in One Round.
There is a small-sized tough in Scranton
who, according to a. New York Sun cor-
respondent. has developed into a bruiser,
and he makes it a point to pick quarrels
with peaceable strangers, just to have an
excuse for fighting. In the men’s wait-
ing-room of the Delaware, Lackawanna &:
Western station the other day, the small-
sizod tough tackled a raw-boned resident
of the backwoods, who was waiting to buy
a ticket. He was a swarthy,horny-handed
man of perhaps thirty-five years of age,
and the tough began at him by joggling
the tottering railing against which he was
leaning. The backwoodsman took his
elbow from the railing and stood up
straight, without appearing to notice the
presence of the little meddler.
Then the bruiser, who pretended that he
was in a great hurry to buy a ticket,
jostled against the countryman purposely,
and the countryman backed away and
gave him more room. He again bumped
against the backwoodsman, and when the
latter made another effort to give the
tough all the room he wanted, the med-
dlesonis pugilist bawled out:
“Soy, buckwheat! ye step on my toes
ag'in an’ I’ll give ya a t’nmp in do snootl,”
"I didn’t stop on your toes. young teller,
if you mean me,” said the conntrymnn,_
coolly.
“Well, if ye didn’t ye tried to, an’ I’m.
goin’ to lick yer fur tryln,” the little
tough yelled:
The other passengers stepped out of
the way, and the slugger put up his fists,
swung them around his head, and said
loud enough for them all to hear:
“I don’t let no — haysesd run over me,
an’ no buckwheat is goin’ to git away
with me. an’ don’t yer fer-git it.”
Then he danced up to the countryman
as though he was going to blacken his
eyes at the first blow, but the backwoods-
man put up his brawny left arm, and with
the fist of his calloused right' hand he
gave the tough a slap on the left ear that:
sent him sprawling to the floor. All the
passengers laughed, and the Scranton
tough picked himself up and slunk out of
the station like a whipped cur. Then the
countryman coolly turned to the ticket-
seller and said: _
“Say, mister, whose little boy is that?"
NONSENSICAL PRIDE.
A Young Woman Who Wears Diamonds,
But Lives In Squalor.
Doctors make strange discoveries ontv
side the field of science sometimes.
“You have noticed what superb dia-
monds Miss -— wears,” said a well—
known family practitioner to an Albany
Telegram‘reporter, “and just as I have
been accustomed to do, have no doubt
drawn the conclusion that she is wealthy
and above all the trials which slender
means. alone can thrust upon a mortal.
She is not a. patient of mine, though I
have been slightly acquinted with her for
years. Her diamonds I have seen at the
theater and at many a reception. A few
days ago I was by accident called upon
to visit"hor in my professional capacity.
I found her sitting up in a i'bcker with a. ‘
wrap thrown around her. The house, I
was astonished to observe, was
brave enough outside, but within
shabbily furnished on all but the
first floor. My patieut’s room was on the
third floor. The wrap she wore was little
better than a. rag, her clothing not even
clean, and full of rents and buttonless.
The commonest necessaries of furniture
were absent from the room. In strange
contrast to the almost squalid character
of their surroundings the famous dia-
monds you and I know so well lay in their
velvet-lined casket on the dressing
table.”
It; has been necessary for obvious rea-
sons to disguise the identity of the wearer
of the diamonds, but the story is true in
its general drift. Neither did the doctor
tell the storyto the writer, for the sti-
quette of medicine would have forbidden .
that. Yet the public knows the wearer
of the diamonds. though very few are
aware of what it has cost the individual
toksop up the insignia of wealth.
Not is \Voman’s Culling.
A pretty girl set up a boot»blackin;:
chair-in Wail street, New York. She was an
alert creature of sixteen or so, dressed in
jaunty neutuess, and altogether an object
to make this brokers turn around for a
second look. But he: enterprise failed.
No man had the moral courage to mount;
that chair and submit his boots to the
brushes of it girl, and so she got no cus-
tomers.
Unconscl one Hereditary.
A son of Jess-1 James has gone to work
in l. real-estate office. Well, he can’t help
it; the boys of that family are born rob-
INVENTION ’IN‘ mains;
What; Has Boer; Done Hero During
the Last Fifty Years.
The ne'nr’wiiici. the World Owos tonic
Poor, Humble Inventors Who Have
ltevolutloiilzed Commerce. Trans-
portation and Social Conditions.
Looking at the map of the United States,
of fifty years ago and comparing it with‘
the present grand cordon of States and
Territories, stretching from the Atlantic
to the Pacific and from the Gulf toBritish‘
‘ America, remarks D. J. Powers in the:
Traveler’s Quarterly, the question arises}
' What has been the most potent agency
in producing the mighty change which
we find? Fifty years ago Michigan, Ohio,
Indiana and Missouri were the frontier
States, and: Wisconsin and Iowa were
just becoming known as Territories, with
onlyafew thousand scattered pioneers.
Kansas and. Nebraska were unheard of
and constituted a portion of what: was
then known as “The Great American
ba‘rren and worthless. All west and
a great unknown of mountain and
forest that had only been traVo
orsed by Sorvis and Clark and a few
daring hunters. Then the emigrant trav-
eled west in his covered wagon—“Prairie
‘ Sch‘ooner”—but if from the for East, upon
the Erie canal and the lakes, or the Ohio
and Mississippi rivers, and his progress
by either method of travel was slow and
tedious.
At about this period railroads began to
attract public attention, and a few short
lines were constructed from Baltimore
west, from Boston to Lowell, and from
Saratogn. to Schenectady. The tracks
were of flat bar iron upon lengthwise
wooden timbers and thoontiro equipment
most imperfect. However, this beginning
of a great material revolution soon It-
tracted the attention of ingenious, invent-
ive men, who studied the defects of these
early constructions and devised number-
less improvements for increasing speed
and for greater safety to life and limb.
In a few years the telegraph made
its appearance and soon became the
handmaid of the railroad. Then
came brilliant headlights to take the
place of the kettle of cools and fire first
used upon locomotives in night-running,
and then substantial T-rails and switches,
automatic couplers, air-brakes, and final-
ly _ comfortable and luxurious sleeping
and palace cars. It: is for easier now to
travel from New York to San Francisco
than it was fifty years ago to go from
Boston to Albany.
As a natural consequence of this vast
and nearly perfect system of railroads
every available nook and corner of this
great country is filled with an industri-
ous and prosperous people, practically
more than doubling the States andTerri-
tories and population in half a century.
Can any parallel be found of this in his-
tory, either in fifty or in five hundred
years? And what has accomplishedit?
Fourth of July orations, or pulling party
political wires? By no means. The 10,000
inventions relating to railroads, tele-
graphs and labor-saving farmvmacbinory
with which to husband and utilize the le-
cundity of the vast area of arable acres
and make freight for the railroads and
wealth and prosperity for the people
have alone brought about this phenomenal
development, as every intelligent person
must on reflection admit._
Referring further to farm machinery,
fifty years ago all of the cultivation of the
soil was done with plows and implements
that would now be curiosities of the olden
time. Most of ”the grain was cut with
hand-sickles—soms with rude cradles.
McCormick was just then experimenting
with his first reaper, and did‘ not get it:
upon the market to any great extent for
some ten or fifteen years thereafter. And
as then made, and for many years after,
it was quite clumsy and imperfect
—a man rode on the ma-
chine and raked of! the requisite
amount for sheaves. But the inventors
kept at work until they finally perfoch
the automatic string binder that would
enable the farmer" to cut and
bind twice the number of acres in
a day, with his horses, that could merely
becut by the old McCormick machine
with four horses. - .
Fifty years ago all grain was thrashed
with flails—how many of the rising gen-
eration know even what a fiail is—or with
cattle‘or horses tramping it out, just as
it was in the days of Solomon. But the
inventor—not the talker—brought forth a
thrasher, rude at first, but perfected step
by step by the never-ceasing effort of the
thousand inventors until the steam
thrasher of to-day with four or five men
will do the work and do it better-than one
hundred men in the old ways. How would
the great farmer Dalrympls have plowed,
sowed, cut, and ithrashsd his
32,000 acres of wheat the pres-
ent season without his sulkv-plows, his
broadcast seeders, his automatic binding
reapers, and his steam thrashers? Do
Dalrymplo and thousands of other suc-
cessful farmers owe any thing to the
poor, humble inventors as they have
hitherto too often been regarded?
The wonders of sun-painting, now car-
ried to such perfections that a bird or
bullet even can be portrayed on the inn}
stunt while in swift motion, Were un-
known fifty years. At that time no one
had better pictures of themselves or
friends, save the very wealthy, than the
old outline profile of white or black on-tho
reverse.
The sewing-machine has, within the
last thirty years, revolutionized the
world of the seamstress, and Hood’s
“Song of the Shirl.” has new no signfii-
canes, save as a picture of theltimo in
which it was written. ~
As we have seen, electricity spans the
earth with instant communication. It
also turns night into day and is fast be-
coming the motive' power of the world.
All this within the last 'fifty years, and
we still may safely assert' that we or.
only in the genesis of electrical inven-
tion. '
Goodyear builded better than he knew,
when, by accident, after eleven years of
experiments, disappointments and pov-
erty,he learned how to vulcanize rub-
ber, and thus laid the foundation of all
the endless and now seemingly indis-
pensable.articles made from that ms.-
' tsrial.
' Friction matches, though so cheap and
plentiful us to be seemingly insignificant,
are by no monns‘ least in importance.
Just about fifty years have elapsed since
their introduction, which was after the
writer was a. grown-up man; and well'
does he remember the fiint, steel and tin-
der box that were the only means in use
for striking-fire.
DR. Scaninuauu, that incomparable do-
stroyer of tho myth in tho my'thns, has
discovered on Cerigo the ancient Cythora,
the old temple of Venus, about which
Homer and Herodotus tell us.
A Duke’s Remarkable Strength.
The Grand Duke Vladimir of Russia,
now on a visit to Paris, is endowned with
a strength of muscle which is truly aston-
ishing. By way of illustration, we on
told that whenever he makesa call on
those persons whom he honors with his
acquaintance, and does not find them at
home, he leaves, instead of a visiting
card, a silver coin, which he doubles up in
his fingers like is piece of pustebodrd.
Mas. HELEN M Avnnv. a $1,000010rk in
the Interior EDepartmont‘, is regarded
as the finest poniuau in Washington. She
bars.
writes rapidly, and with great uniformity
and cloarness.
' UNPARALLELED CHEEK.
An Escaped Convict Applies to lndlnnn'l
Governor for Pol-don. ,
William Farley, a. voting and handsome
convict, was a burglar, and before he was
sent up for robbing a store in Marion'
County he was, according to the Lonisvilb
Times. quite a dude. Now, most of tho
convicts as soon as they get into the pris-
on hire lawyers to get up and clrculato
petitions for pardons; but Farley did not
do this. He was brought there about
' three years ago, and the prisoner, by his
Desert,” understood to be utterly dry, :
northwest to the Pacific constitutedi
r
good conduct, had so got himself into
the. good gra‘cos of Warden Howard
that he was made a “trusty”—
that is to say, he was allowed to
work about the warden’s residence
outside of the walls. He went into
the house of Deputy Warden Craig one
evening about dusk, and going up to the
room of the latter’s son, Edward, ho
donned. a suit Cot that young man's clothes
and walked out. He was fixed up in the
height of fashion, from a_ shiny high but
to patent-leather shoes and a jaunty little
cane. He had saved up about a hundred
dollars in money, and when he boarded
the train for Indianapolis the lady pas-
sengers probably looked shyly at him and
thought: “Oh, what a nice young fellow.”
He arrived at the capital of the Booster
State and went straight to the residence
of Governor Gray. Here he rang the
door-bell, and a livoriod servant ushered
him into the parlor.
“Ah, how are you, Governor,” he said,
as tho statesman entered.
After shaking hands the convict spoke
pleasantly of the weather, and quite
charmed the Governor by his gentlemanly
inanners.
“I have come to see you,” he said, “upon
a matter of thc greatest importance to
me. The fact is, I am an escaped convict,
and I want a pardon."
To say that the Governor was astonished
would be putting it mildly.
Then Farley went into the details of his
case and made such a good showing that
be convinced Governor Gray of his inno-
cence. -
“You return to the prison and I will see
what I can do for you," he said, as he
bowed his visitor out half an hour later.
There was a reward of one hundred dol-
lars offered for Farley’s capture, and men
were scourin ; the country for him in
every direction. He knew it, and ~ when
he, arrived at Bloomington things looked
so hot that he got oi! the train and tel-
egraphed for the warden to come after
him, as he did not want to put the State
to the expense of paying a reward for him
when he was on his way back. A guard
was sent to Bloomiugtou, and Farley was
soon back in his old quarters. His personal
appeal had‘ the desired effect. and in a few
days'thore came a full and complete par.
don for him.
PAYING AT'I ENTIONS.
An Article Which Wlll Have the Hearty
Approval of Young Readers.
As it is obviously a young man’s duty
to pay attentions to some young woman,
says Harper's Bazar, considering that this
is really the chief motive of social inter-
course, it is rather hard upon him that he
no sooner begins to fulfill his mission, and
calls, and drives, and dances more or less
boldly with one damsel than all the
match-making mothers and all the single
women to whom a love affair, anybody's
love affair, is precious and entertaining,
interchange ideas upon the subject and
report that young Crayon is in love with
Miss Conpon;‘and although he may never
have thought of love in relation to
Miss Coupon, and although he may
possibly have drifted into a genuine
afiection sooner or later if nobody had
meddlsd~since proximity is a dangerous
factor, and brings about , more marriages
than matchmaking—the premature re-
port has a very damaging effect; he be.
fins to see that. unless he is serious in
paying attentions he is compromising not
only himself but the young woman, and
keeping other suitors at a distance; and
although he may not know whether he
has any positive designs or no, and his
omotionsmay be in a state of evolution,
and he may not entirely understand his
own designs, yet he is put upon his guard,
the cordial relation between the two
cools, and he earns the name of being a
heartless trifier, or Is forced into
a hasty declaration before he
is ready to make it. Natur-
ally tbelooker-on says that he ought to
know his own mind; that he has no busi- ,
nest to devote li:msolf to a woman
whom he doesn’t. love. But love is not an
instantaneous uflair, like being struck by
lightning; it. is a. growth. And how,
prithee, is a young man to know whether
he loves or not if he may not live more or
loss in tho companionship of that “not
impossible. she?” if he may not have op-
portunity toobsei-ve and study har? To
be sure, Miss Coupon may object to being
made astudy of, to being placed under
the miscroseope, and then byoand-by
turned aside as an imperfect specimen.
Bull she has the same privilege herself.
and would be sadly shocked if any
one supposed that who would accepts.
lover without some knowledge of his
qualifications. One might aik if she, on
her side, had serious and material designs
when she answered his notes, accepted
his invitations, his bouquets, and confec-
tionery: ifsho were not also attempting .
todiwicover if he were her ideal. We do
not dispute the fact that there are many
men who .fiirt, maliciously, so to speak,
who do not mean to fall in love, who
. have themselves well in hand; but they
need not be confounded with those who
are simply trying to discover the heroine.
A Splendid Match Paulie.
Take twenty-four matches and make
nine fiat: squares, thin:
"Icloo...uenl "nun"
Then inquire of tifio company, if, by
taking exactly ei :ht matches away, they
can leave only two complete squares. ll:
is every simp’e thing to one who knows
how to do it.
An [indefatigable Rocker.
There is confined in the coun oil it
says the Vicksburg Hiram, a 3:311 no?!)
boy not more than ten years of age, named
Dave Lunden, who came from Davis Bond,
and. has been adjudged insane. Little
Dame, while perfectly harmless, sits in I
corner of the jail hall all day with his
hands locked around his knees, and rocks
himself to and fro from the moment he
is allowed to leave his cell until he is re-
placed there by his keepers. He never
seems to tire, and, gazing straight before
him with a wild, idiotic look in his eye, he
keeps up his singular motions. This pe-
culiar freak has been watched by Jailsr
Terrell, and never for a moment does he
:oso his steady stroke. It is accounted
or as one of the freaks of or
which, in this instance, mak.ezsy bezel:
'33le o: perpqtual (rinotion. Could not
me gen us ma 9 a. iscovery from this
which would tend to salvo th
motion problem. 8 perpetual
Norwalk Chronicler