;-;_ ESTAsLi'sHED, I 800. TWO DOLLARS A YEAR. Number 39. Volume LXXXVII. NORWALK, CONN, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1887‘. it; it. (‘RAUFURD_ iv “sermon-r SECURITIES, REAL A ‘5 ’icviwi'is Arm 5INSURANCE, in sun s'riu-zin'r, - - nonwami, (31-310. WJLRD BEL-LECIKI iiiiinEssiioox-S BLOCK. WALL STREET, "FAMILY GROCERIES, ATENTS, l Gr- 3. BYING'I‘ON, Washington. I). C to m. m U- °~ tulle lo loreoloii Milled lire. PATENT OFFICE. l "ti IlliLllEN iiioiiioitrrtr. lttoroei ioo Counselor at Law, Room No. 4. Up Stairs. iiAzitTl‘rE '1 BUILDING, NouWAm, CONN. 7:511:25 'r. HUBBELL, Attorney and Counselor at Law a: [Gazette Building, NORWALIE, - CONN. ALEX. S. G1 BSON, organist of 1st Congregational Church. Waterbury, Teacher of Pianoforte, Organ and Musical Composition, ”Lock uiaxss P 0..NOIIWALK.CONN. ill L. g-Iiyiugtou, Peorioif oorl' Patent Attorney, No. 642=TENT11 STREET, N. E., WASHINGTON, D. C. tflil ‘TNA INSURANCE Co., of HARTFORD. 1 In lncorporiited 1912." Cliarterl’crpetual. CAPITAL AND ASSETS, $8,902,2F2.64. and dargage bthlge, III: rins ado ited to the hazard is cops sen w Tic laws 01f coin usation. (‘0 LES it MERRILL, rtole‘ Agents for orwalk and vicinity. insures against loss . I'l‘llh‘. Norwalk Fire Insurance Co. Has now completed its iSlh suocsssrni. solutions 1is And has not outstandingadonsr of unpaid losses or claims for losses. No smmd. company iowures for (038. \V. C. STREET, Pres. s. E. Ours-rum. Tress, Giro. it. Cowms Secretary. 1.. E commas, f8uccesSor5'to W. E. QDTNTann, ‘ OPPOSITE HORSE RAILROAD DEPOT. Residence 143 Main Street. Telephone communi- cation with noise and residence ‘ v"‘ _ H. J. Sturgeon Notary Public, Commissioner for the Sister of New York and Massachusetts, and GENERAL LOAN, INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE AGENT, GAZETTE BUILDING NORWALK. ‘ tilii .,’— Express. l’atronlze the old reliable ADAMS EXPRESS. COMPANY. LOW RATES AND PROMPT DELIVERY. Rrancli omcc, Norwalk. at S. K. Stanley’s; n Olll 'c at Do or South Norwnlk. tfl‘l mm L- p ' L. HUNT, Agent. Plymouth Rock Ice. R. L. ELLS. Orders left at J. B. ELLS’ FURNITURE STOitE'.'cor. Wull‘nnd'Knight streets. tf21. o. A. FEANRE‘, THE HAIRO UTTER, No. l Gazette Building. HOT AND :- éGOLD‘ B‘Afi'tl-iss PEN SION S And GOVERNMENT CLAIMS my sole busi- ness. dielectcd‘and increase'c'iaimsa specialty. 0 mt delay. Address or visit ' 'G EN. WM. II! NOBLE. No. 91 STIIATFORD Avn.,‘BiiiDosP01rr, CT. 0R. .Loeioroons ornate .23 WEST AVE/V us, Where he caube consulted daily until 9 o'clock mornings, from 12 until 2 o'clock afternoons, and Tom 6 until 1 o'clock evenings. ' Gteowtls ,iirs air so a S... Restaurant, Cafe iii Soolloollooio, Grand Central Station, 421) STEEET AND 41's Avenue, New Your; Entrance from ,wpltlng- room. New York.tggw Haven and Hartford railroad. PIKOICODE, Merchant Tailor, fins received a full line of Fall and Winter Imported Suitings and Puntalooningsp Full and Wint er Over-coats. ..-;;;oe‘~.r;ennnnn err- All Work ban. by Hist-Class Workman! salufrssr's error a UABA NT'KE or 3 and 15 lfaln Street. Notion-din~ Conn. .,-:w,;§ifii,v'..eii«isiisa, Willamette : ill Gar Finite, ‘ 'souTn NORWALK. CONN. SSDiIary. Plumbing'usnd' lsntilation, and Low ' ’ Treasure Shani Hosting, a Specialty. ' BLUMBERS’- SUPPLIES. . Pipe ins Hitting-for Water, Steam and fins. , Agentfor the Florida Low Pressure Boiler. Facilities 10 Cutllugnild Threading all Sizes of Pipe. ' ' sort 7 0.4 E WILSON, General.Iiitvli‘fliiiee‘hlioalllstale- Agent Money to Loan. Stocks, ,Dgnds‘, &c., Bought and Sold ' and Loans Negotiated at LoweSt Rates of Interest. ROO'lI NO. 8 GAZETTE. BUILDING, Nonwank. CONN. I.,:,I-Oi:.New,or Old Houses. BURGLAR—ALARMS—BURGLAR. HOTEL'Olt EOUSE ANNUNCIATORS. ELECTRIC DOOR BELLS. ELECTRIC GAS ATTACHMENTS. ELECTRIC CALL BELLS. '. - THERMOSTATIC HEAT INDICATORS. Burglar Alarms and every description of Elec- - trlcal Attachments at in order. Also, for sale, new or_sccond-hsn Telegraph Wire for Grape Arbors or ,Fenclng, and the best English make for Clothes Lines. For further particulars call on or address 4mm Jo ' "a O‘HO'YT’ not great, and it ' Thgsoldiers of the ' the fields where ‘ they fought, select Western Union Telegraph Ofiicc. Normlk, Conn. THE GRAND ARMY. Its Coming Encampment at the City of St. Louis. A HISTORY OF THE ORDER. 'lno Men Who Have Been Its Commanders. Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty tho \Vath-wm-ils of tho Organization—Tho Badge, Its Material nnil Significance. How tho Grand Army Came to be 01-- gnnizoil and by Whom. [Copyrighted by the American Press Association] At the time of the grand review of the Union armies in \Vnshington, Julie, 1865, there were 1,000,000 boys in blue under arms awaiting the declaration of peace and the order of muster out. 'i‘hcro had previously been discharged from honorable service nearly a million men. The dislnmdment of the land and naval forces took place within a few months after the scene closed In the field, and altogether the men who had worn the blue made up nearly one half the population subject to military duty. The return of such an element to civil life, united by unusually strong ties and having an influence that extended beyond its own numbers, was an event in civil history and one that. observers of other nations noted with keen interest. This great mass of men, lifted up by the common voice of the people tousuperior place in public esteem, accus- .‘ tomed to the use _ : @’of arms nndto the - ' , rough methods of ‘ the field, settled back into the quiet body of society without commo- tion and without in i sunderstandin g, and the nation has not been called upon to regret the alienation of ‘ her sons from the do- ties of civillifo by the dazzling honors and pleasing excito- ments of the field. The story of the rise of the Grand Army of the Re- public is connected o. A. It. BADGE. with that important era when a grand army of soldiers, flushed with glorious victory, put inside their weapons and martial symbols and bomitiio a grand army of veterans bearing the symbols of peace. “Fraternity, charity, loy- alty," was the new rallying cry; The new order was informal. and even without organic collusion it maintained itself until the highest cmiccption of a national secret order, such as it is or. present, took shape from the neces- sitiosof the hour. Out of the hundreds of thousands of old soldiers thrown suddenly into civil life in 1865 the majority were dis. placed from one cause and another. The former and the mechanic had lost their arts. the schoolboy had grown too old for the desk, and clerks and professional men had been superseded, and itzbocame forjn. time a struggle for those men to adjust themselves. Then the inequalities of social and business life separated those who had been comrades in the field. The camp fires of the front: had gone out, but the genial warmth created there in the men who had gathered around them was yet alive. Fur- thermore there were many comrades disabled and in need whose pay and pensions were but a pittance. and their more fortunate soldier friends felt it a duty to arrange some per-ma: ncnt system of relieving this class, whether strangers or acquaintances These causes led to the forming of unions of soldiers and sailors under various plans and titles. In the cast there were soldiers’ and sailors’ unions and in the west veteran brotherhoods, organ- izedin 1865 on an informal basis. Kansas and New York had state associations. The local meetings and the general conventions met in open mien. . The influence was was found that de- signing people were handling the asso- ciations for per- sonal ends and were able to control the scattered and feeble bodies. The results of those experi- ences led the vet- 0- A- 3' BADGE: “VERSE- emiis of different sections to confer upon the best methods of perfecting an organization, and in 1866 it was published abroad that a. secret order of veterans was rapidly spread- ing in Illinois. In the spring of that year Col. B. F. Stephenson had organized a local union at Dakota, calling it a post of the Grand Army of the Republic. Many of the veteran soldiers were already members of civil secret orders, and very generally these advocated the secret method as tho best adapted to a brotherhood of soldier-y. The Dakota post became the ad- vance guard of the great order, for the com- mander of that post and his associates began to organize elsewhere in the state and soon called a convention at Springfield. Forty posts within the state sent delegates. The opening words of the preamble adopted show how the veterans then looked upon themselves: “We, the representatives of the soldiers and sailors of the military and naval forces of the United States during the late war,“ etc, em. They declared their purpose to be the formation of a grand association of Union soldiers and sailors, to foster fraternal relations and keep, alive thezeal of patriotism and devotion to the country, above all for “mutual support and assistance in the work of furnishing employment and aid to the needy comrades and caring for the destitute dc- pendents of the fallen." The veterans of the war were familiar with the distinctions of rank and the respect due , to. them in the army, but in the order the old military distinc- tions were not re- vivcd. The com- m a n d e r of the army and the gen- .‘- ‘ crals are simply comrades in the Grand Army, and that title is applied to every member. During the early stages of the order a system of grades was adopted, and three degrees, that " ‘ and veteran, were mrnsn A. humus-r. constituted; bu t after- two years’ trial it was, abandoned, in 1871, and all members beecmoveterans or. the initiation, and, take their seats at: once as comrades in the encampment. In. all rites and. ceremonies. in the services of initiation and those of burial the principle of fraternal relations reaching to all is impressively homo out. The abolition of the state lineswliich played such a part in the rivalries of the service in the field followed the perfection of the order on a national basis, which took place in 1866, soon after the Springfield meet- ing. One Of the features of the order is the mrpotuatiou of the names of the gallant dead by the title of the posts. Evérypost must adopt the name of some one deceased,and this naturally falls to a military celebrity of general or local fame. Sometimes it is a private or a brave line ofilccr. The first post organized in New York state was the Phil Kearney post, of New York clty,und the name , adopted was that of a gallant J cracyman who led out ustatebrig- ' . - . ado and was killed before attaining high distinction. different 3 t a t e s stfi'ved in the arm- ies of the east and west, and holding in grateful mem- ory the heroes of them for, the honor. ' of a name to be , handed down in the records of the order. The Grand . Army camp fires arc the social festivals where' the pleasant memories of camp life in the field are . kept alive. The camp fires are opened on the occasion of general conventions of the order, at the rcuniOns of posts and also at the reunions of separate veteran associa- tions that accept the hospitalities of the Grand Army. These meetings are informal banquets where the usual order of ceremonies is omitted and the time is spent in songs, stories and the recital of army incidents. The food is as near as possible what the com; mon army ration was, corn beef. army bread or sea biscuit, black coffee and bows or bean soup. Coming late on the programme the veterans and their civilian guests are ready to take this course fare with heartiucss, and the novelty of it combined with the fun maltesttiohpst 91139999: - - JOHN A. LOGAN. of recruit, soldier ' The colored veterans rarely ask for admis- sion to membership in posts composed of white men, The negroes as arule congregate In large cities and are able to create posts of their own and do this out of preference, on- joyim; all the privileges of the order and a representation in the general assemblies.‘ The relief and benefit funds of the colored posts are generously sustained by the whole order in case of need. The badge of this great fraternity is itself a souvenir of the field and is destined to be- come a memento to be cherished in thousands of Americas: homes as a priceless heirloom. Erich Grand Army badge is made of metal ‘ from cannon taken from the fee in actual bottle on some of tho decis- ive fields of the The design of the badge in use since 1809 is one that commemo- rates the great ‘strugglc in many ways. The peti— ' , (font of the badge is a fine pointed star, like the Medal of Honor granted by congress, and inudo of cannon Mouse. The face of the medal has the Goddem of Liberty in the cen- ter, representing loyalty, and on either side stands it soldier and a sailor clasping hands in front of the Goddess to represent frater- nity. Two children are kneeling hr the fore- rground to receive a benediction and the amu- rnnce of protection from comrades. This is the symbol of charity. On each side of this writer group are the flag and origin, A. E. BURNSIDE. Tupi-escorting freedom, and an ax and a bundle of rods for Union. In the star points are the emblems of different arms of service, buglorfor in- fantry, cannon for artillery, muskets for marines, swords for cavalry, and an anchor for sailors. Surrounding the center is the legend “Grand Army, of the Republic, 1861-— Vctcrnn—lelO,” the latter date commemorat- ing the close of the war and the founding of the order. On the reverse side is a laurel branch for victory, and the national shield surrounded by the different corps badges, such on o keystone showing thin: they are united, and will protect the union. The clasp of the badge . is an eagle with crow cannon and ammunition, rep- resenting defense. The clasp mid modal are united by the national flag, which is the d,» ribbon of the or- 4:5; «Ior. /V This budge being liable to abuse by f unprincipled men, - is controlled by the order, and can- notbcprocured by CHARLES H. nnvnxs. other than boua fido members. The cannon bronze for their manufacture is furnished in quantities from the United States arsenals, where condemned cannon are melted up, and is stored under protection of a coziirnittcc from the national bod of the Grand Army. The bronze badge is t a distinctive Sign of the order. and all other badges in use are modifications of this. The badges of the dif- ferent army corps are worn by the members on occasion of ymrade and ceremony in order to aid in recognition of former comrades of the same corps who have become strangers since the war. CHARITY. The pension of a private soldier when he is completely disabled, but has not lost nlhnb or an organ of sight or hearing, is $8 a month, and the rate ranges as Iowa 8211 month, according to degree of disability. At the close of the war $16 was allowed for an arm lost and $21 for a leg. So many men nimble to labor, or at least without a chance to do so, were reduced to this pittance that the veteran associations at once found scope for charitable services. The disabled men pleaded for employment and not for donn- tions. Schemes for furnishing employment suited to those men were numerous, but proved to be temporary, because they were not organized and connected. The editor of _ The SoldioijsT'Friegd, Rev.'-William' Gland, J Bourne, of New York, had an ex- tensivs bureau for agencies, both for sale and subscrip- tion, for his own and other soldier publication”: well. Ttholdierp ‘ Friend became an advocate of the 3 Grand Army at p soon as the order was made known it . - the eastern people, , - and Col. Bourne, — , .....\- Gens.Cochrunconé .10le r. uAnTnANr'r. ,McKcnn started the order in New York state, making a claim for it on the ground of its boneflccnt character: To onctmragc maimed soldiersinthc hope that they might learn useful occupatiomu prize was offered through The Soldiers’ Friend for the best specimens of left handed perimansbip by veterans who had lost their right arms in battle. Gens. Grant, Meade, Thomas, Sherman, ~Adn1irals Farragut and ’ Porter and other distinguished officers made the awards. Two thousand dollars were ex- pended in twenty prizes, and as a result a great number of left armed men qualified for clerical work. While these plans for helping disabled vet- erans to their feet were before the public, the Grand Army was organizing and each enter- prise gave impetus to thoother. The national constitution of the order adopted in 1867 pro- vides for a relief fund in every post of the army. In the secret obligation there h a so]- emn pledge to mutual aid and support of sol- diers’ interests. Tbc work of providing means for employment of veterans continued for some years, and as the need of it grew less , each year the matter passed, into the hands of employment committees appointed: by each post. The committee acts as a bureau,”- curing the situation and recommending the applicant. In large cities the order main- tains an employment office, and, connected with this is an emergency fund for the future diate relief of destitute soldiers. Food, cloth- ing, rent money and burial funds are pro- vided to deserving families of veterans. The ,_ »_ mostextensivc a g e n c y of this kind is the bureau of omplo y mcnt fund of New York and Kings coun- ties. Their emcee are centrally lo- cated in the city hall of New York and of Brooklyn. The kindly ofilces of the comrades are not confined to their own pro- cincts, nor to the ’ order. exclusively. sonup. nonmson. When the Chica- go fire reduced the inhabitants to want the Grand Army of the country made a gen— erous donation through the national board. The appeal from Charleston last fall for earthquake sufferers was responded to by on order from national headquarters to the va- rious posts to assist in raising funds. The order has always been prompt toexteuda kind hand to the south, and some very happy unions of the blue and the gray have resulted from this liberal spirit. In Richmond, Vin, accmp of Confederate veterans occupies a lodge room where the Phil Kearney post of . the Grand Army meets. The ball is altar- nntely decorated with Union and Confederate flags and symbols, and at the reunions and comp fires the former antagonists meet on the most friendly terms. The movement for the erection of a home for Confederate voter- sns at Richmond originatedin Camp Lee, and Phil Kearney post at Once index-sad the scheme to the Grand Army in the vicinity. The response was so hearty that the members If the order near Richmond recommended to the Confederates an appeal to the Grand Army of- the north. The call at once met with favor. and joint committees of Grand Army men and Confederate veterans wens formed in New York, Boston, Brooklyn and elsewhere. The Grand Army did not act bfilcially as an order, but the posts appointed committees and the southerncrs and north- erner-s met together to. forward the scheme, which appealed win-ml to the soldier instinct of both sections. In ewlYork the Confed- erntc veterans selected the anniversary of Lee’s surrender for a mass convention at Cooper Institute ' and an enthusias- tic meeting was addressed by prom- inent soldiers of the opposing arm- ies. ' The chief ora- tor from the south was Gen. John B. L Gordon, mid his?. appreciation of the - significance of the -. unique, , 1-,. was most} oq eat-3 ly expressed: ‘30 said: “As. a de- footed soldier I re- mmnunsrsnm- and emergency iOicc to see such a day and occasion, a union of the blue and the gray in such a cause. The cause that brings us here is worthy of the men whose heroism In the late war thrilled the world with astonishment and ad- miration. It‘is a movement by brave and magnnnimous victors to protect, shelter, and befriend the disabled and suffering of our honorable and valiant though vanquished brothers. It is to make practical, to give direction and scope to an impulse conceived in the noblest minds, born of brave and gen- cr~us hearts, inspired by God like charity, and which isdestined to exert a. power for good on the future of this reunited country, ‘ resistless, nieasui'eless, enduring. It is a movement worth more to this. coun- try thnii all the resolutions of polit. icol platforms or parties. more than all appeals by eloquent lips for restoration of sectional concord and American fraternity, for it is the northern heart’s own eloquence addressed to the southern heart’s own sensibil~ itics.” Tho fratciiiization of the veterans of both sections has gone on until ,wholc armies havc clasped hands on the fields where they struggled so fiercely a quarter of a century ago. The memorial services instituted by the Grand Army for deco- rating veteraus’ graves have been a means of bringing former antagon- ists together. The. soldier-y of the , south have very 4:; generally asked to be permitted to join the citizens in , demonstrations of ' regard for the fal- len defenders of ~ the country, and mm ““01“" by this means have asserted their loyal devotion to the old flag and won the good will of the Union veterans. In addition to its organized charities, the Grand Army acts as an information bureau for all the interests of soldiers throughout the broad land, and a soldier in distant parts may be brought into communication with former comrades and officers whose testimony is nec- csaryto his interests. The soldiers’ homes of the country are, with the exception of three national homes, controlled- by state “boards. and while the Grand Army it not ofllcialiy recognized in their management, the officers of the order uctinun advisory manner with the civil management, and ex- ert a wide influence for the protection of the interests of the inmates. The Woman's Relief corps is a settled auxiliary and recognized agency of. the order. This corps originated in 1869, in Bos- worth post, in Maine, and. during the ad- ministration of Commander in Chief Paul, Vunderyoort, 1878-79, the movement, than confined to Maine and Massachusetts, was cncouraged to take a wider field. In 1883 a national convention met at Denver simul- taneously with the national encampment of the Grand Army, and a resolution of greet ing was passed by the latter body. By special indorscment of the national encampment the corps is now officially known as an auxiliary to the army. The president of the corps is Elizabeth D’A. Kinno, of San Francisco, and tho fifth'uational convention will be held in connection with the Grand Army cucump meat at St. Louis in September. LOYALTY. The interest at the St. Louis encampment ,cf the Grand Army will center on the election of a commander in chief to succeed Com- ‘ mandcr Fairchild. The soldiers who have held this office are: Stephen A. Hurlburt, Illi- nois; John A. Logan, Illinois; Ambrose E. Burnside, Rhode Island; Charles H. Devens, Massachusetts: John F. Hartrsnft,Pennsyl- vents; John C. Robinson, New York; Wil- liam Earnsbaw, Ohio; Louis Wagner, Penn- sylvania; George S. Merrill, Massachusetts; Paul Vandervoort, Nebraska; Robert B. Booth, Pennsylvania; John S. Kountz, Ohio; Samuel S. Burdettc, Washington; Lucius Fairchild, Wisconsin. » The second national encampment, held at Philadelphia in 1867, was an important gathcr~ ing, and determined the destiny of the order. There were twenty-one organized state de- partments represented in the convention, comprising nearly all the northern states. and departments were growing them _‘wnsatthe timelit- tic inter-communi- cation, no corros- pondencc with headquarters, no reports. That en- _ campment was in session three days and a national or- ganization was per- , " footed, the provis- ononons. mm ioual regulations and ritual revised, and a general impetus givcnto the movement everywhere. There were also influences at work outside of. the order to draw the attention of veterans to . this method of securing the benefits of a vast brotherhood. In 1866, the year before the Philadelphia encampment, there was a. na- tional convention of soldiers and sailors held at Pittsburg for the purpose of disarming ' vcteraus‘ interests, particulsfly their rights and privileges in relation to the national government in the matter of land warrants, revision of pension laws, preference for 5 government employments and other questions . which the great number of discharged soldiers ; made pertinent at the time. This meeting : was a great demonstration and brought the I soldiers together from all sections. The ex- 3 istencc d the Grand Army, Its prospects . and object, were made known hero and i the order acquired n national reputation, while yet it was confined to a few districts In . the west. Assoon entire news of the success- ~ ful encampment at Philadelphia lunches] the é informal circles of veterans throughout the ; mares there vs a general movement into the i new organization. During the year the re- 5 mining northern states , and de- ? partmenb were created in Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, California and . several-territories In the national encamp- i men: of 1869, when JohnA. log-obscene: commander-in- chicf, there were over 2,000 pom represented and a membership of. 125,000. With a body of such msg- nitudeccming into existence at n‘ ' bound there was grave ringworm-:3, discretion and ex- unlou. With the national bout 0 1 Americans for-pub ’ no main; and . PAUL vmnnvoon'r. . sokiler's prestige to sustain it the veteran naturally engaged in politics, nudzesl for the soldier's interests was so strong in- the fritters , nity that shrewd and firm pfiotago was , needed to keep politics out of- the order. To , keep veterans out of politics was not thought - of, but to preserve the order from prostitu- tioutopsrtissupurposm was believed possi-g his. The original constitution of the order , contained an article which null stands with- , out modification or addition, that is that “no : ofilcer or comrade of the Grand Army of the ' Republic shall in any manner- uss-this organ- ization for partisan purposes, and no discus. ; slou’of partisan questions shall be permitted ‘ at any of its meetings, nor shall any nomina- . tion for political office be m! . The composition of the order was one to emstcaccrnmon bcududm it from frictional divisions. The membership is m- ? stricted to man whom boa-no ,ou the mus— ter rolh of the United Stairs in the civil i m; heuceitisuot pcmiblo to pack a post: with men devoted to some narrow interest. There is a wholesome check on the use of the : black ball, and every honorably discharged; soldier has a right in the order unless he; forfeit it. The mass is at once different in : kind but united in purpose, that purpose: being set forth in a solemn pledge to sustain T the fraternity and to' support the interests of E the soldier. This pledge has preserved the? order from falling into inefficiency and decay I where there was no practical work to hold: the members together. and has carried it over 3 some trying times. The. principle has also! . been a loophole forI ambitious men to} evade the law: against politics in} the order. As soon i as the membershipi was formed abloi soldiers who were‘ nominated for ofilcc reminded comrades of their oath. and \. some bargains were made which the, Grand Army had cause to regret, , and which soon re? nonnnzr n. DEATH. acted to the injury of the politicians. The order might be strained and brought luiic use, but in all- cases the membership suffered and politicians found it an unreliable instrument. The mem- bership fell off between 1809 and 1878 to less than 60,000. After thccentronuiai, 11:1876, interns, tin the order re'vlved,und there has ' beeps strictly grgwth throughout the Union ’ . ov‘éf- 300,000 acrrvc \/ for the dead and» ‘ Although the posts ' _ by congress for @g badge - this the significance of those emblems seen on . of the Republic. the Order of the Cincinnati. I members on the rolls dud nearly 6,000 posts. The orgr'tnizatloh is democratic and repre- scntativc. Tho precingt body or post elects its own officers and its , delegates to the state department. The state convention elects to tbs national convention, and hero the general rules of the order are formed. The sessions of the posts, as well as the general conven- tions, are called encampments, but the post encampment is a secrel seas-Ion, while the con- ventions are open ”I priVilcgcd outsiders. The posts have discretion in most of the ini- portmit work of the order and may do any- thiiig not in violation of the constitution. The posts are controlled by a council of ad— ministrntiou elected anndally. The uniform of the Grand Army varies in different sections. Each department adopts the shape of hot or canto be worn and the pests regulate the other details, the aim being to avoid extreme" military display and still preserve the char- ' -» . Deter of the order as a brotherhood of soldiery. Arms are not home ox- ' cepting by the . guard, and the side arms of ofllcers. - In the ceremonies the military ele- ment prevails, and it is very beautiful V and impressive. The burial service memorial ser'vlces ' , . — as performed over, inconsixoumz. ' the graves in the soldief' ploisarc very simple, but full ofpathos anduoble suggcaions. . The ofllcial dcsignntlbna in the order are all military, beginning. with the sentinel and reaching to the commnhder-iri-chlef. The en- components are truoc'imps ruled‘by an of- ficer of the day mars file of guard. The , ., chief of a post is . thecoinmandcr. and his assistants ~' in administrative work are an adju- . .tnnt, quarter mos- W’. surgeon, chap- , lain, with subordi- .miis aslstnnts for each of these. Everyencampment - of spout is opened ; bysreligicus serv- . ice, led by the chaplain, with re- from the comrades. The Sonsof Veterans have nora— lation totheand Army of the Republic. The avowed” objects of the army are stated in article _2 of the frictional rules and regulations as follows: To preserve and strengthen those kind and fraternal feel- ings which bind together the soldiers, sailors and marines who unitedfo suppress; the late rebellion ' ,‘ . , and to perpetuate ' "' the memory and history of the dead. To assist such for- mer comrades in arms as need help and protection and to extend needful aid to the widows I. S. BURDETTI. and orphans of ,1 those who have fallen. To maintain true allegiance to the uterus namcmm). United States of Arnericabsscd upon a para- mount respect for‘ and fidelity to the national constitution and laws; to discountcnancc whatever tends to weaken loyalty, lncitcs to insurrection, treason or rebellion, or in any manner impairs the efficiency and perma- nency of our free histitutions; and to encour— age the spread of universal liberty, equal' rights and justice to all men. - The order has no bficlal organ. The Sol- diers' Friend was dissonfinued in 1872 and The Grand Army Gazette was established, and has been the principal national journal ~ devoted to the principles of the fraternity. coups BADGES-THE 'soNs-THE RITUAL. The corps badges which arelllustmtcd in this article have a. peculiar significance to veterans, and are now generally worn by the Grand Army men. Th‘fie badges originated in the warnnd have since been legally recog- nized by congrem The different army corps were composed of volunteers from various states, and each corps - would have _ from thirty-six to forty-eight or more state regi- ments. To begin with each soldier wore fig- urea and initials to indicate his regiment, but these were frequently lost in the field, where it was difficult to replace them, and at best they could only be deciphered~ at close quar- ters. On a field where several corps were engaged to great deal of confusion took place because commanders could not identify their men. 131'. 2D. ‘ ’ an. 4111. To overcome this the badges were designed in a way to give to each division of twelve regiments a distinctive badge. Each corps had its own design and each divisional! the corps bad' its own color—red, white, blue or yellow, The badges were cut from flannel and sewed on the caps, and when lost could be easily replaced. When the troops of a corps were incorporated into some other corps . they were showed to retain their old badges Thus the Eleventh corps men, when placed in the Twentieth corps, kept the Eleventh corps crescent and joined it to the star of the Twentieth corps Tho Twelfth corps was also put into the Twentieth, and the badge of the Twelfth, a five pointed star, became the CPO 5m Cones. 0m . mm (moss. Gasmcoclltbsss. badge ,of the Twentieth. The law has elevated these badges to a place of honor. The medals of honor awarded distinguished acts of bravery are about 200 in number, and no other badge could be won bynregular or volunteer. The law now provides that the corps badges of the civil war maybe worn on occasions of ceremony by all soldiers or oflcers who fought in. the Union army and were honorably discharged, or who are now in the regular army. Asoldier who served in two. or more corps which preserved their distinct badges to the and may. wear the of. each. These- are the badges. and the bmaits of Grand Army men beside the , oflielalilndg'o .of The. Order. Medals recog-. nized officially in the service and worn by soldiers as tokens of the battlefield will grow in importance us army souvenirs, and the old' corps badge system is a happy de- vice for tho mum . ' . Elli. 11m- Thc organizations. known as the Camps of the Sons of Veterans and tho Posts. of thc‘Sonsof Veterans, two bodies, have now no official connection with the Grand Army The Pests of the Sons of Veterans is the older order of the two, and it is confined to the sons of Union soldiers of the into war, whether the fathers died in ser- , vice or since the war or are now living, or whether or not they are or were veterans of the Grand Army. The Camps of, thsSons of Veterans is composedbf sons of veterans and their sons, and is to bo perpetuated like The Sons secured the recognition of the no. tionnl encampment of , the Grand Army, but owing in a strong opposition within the order the recognition was repealed at the national encampment at San Francisco last year. The opposition to the Order of the Sons \vns based on the foundation principle of tho Grand Army—that is a fraternity of veterans for mutual comfort and aid, and the objects of the association will» have been accomplished as the members pass away, and the order _ should then go out of existence. This idea is strongly set forth in the solemn words of the ritual service said- by the open grave of a comrade of the' order. When the appointed ceremonies of the post are over, the chaplain repeats an address containing the following: “The march‘of another comrade isover, and he lies down after it in the house appointed for all the living. * " " Reminded for- , % ‘.‘.\iu‘.‘.’.'.‘.'r ,’ 16m. 14”. mm. clbly by the vacant poor. so lately filled by our deceased brother that our ranks ai-c,thin~ ninz. let each (one be & loyal to fee-m": \‘Il'tuf‘. first. so true to every friendship, sO'faithIfil in our remaining march that we shall be ready to fall out here to take our places at the great re- yiew." The opposition to the Sons is not unan- imous, and the resolution in the San Francisco ENE/3% encampment repealing the act of recognition of the junior order which was on the minutes of a previous encampment was accompanied with a “recomnicndation'to the Sons of Voter- ans to consolidate into one body, and wishing them God speed.” The majority of the active members when mustered believe that since the order of the Grand Army commemorates a civil strife it is not wise or patriotic to en- courage the perpetuation of feelings of'en- mity and sectional bitterness through the youth of generations to follow. In its legis- lationand highest ofiicinl action, the Grand Army looks upon Decoration or Memorial Day as a‘ Grand Army day. Theurticle of the bylaws establishing it says: "The Na- tlonnl . Encampment hereby establishu a-Mo- mortal Day, to be observed by the Grand Army of the Republic on them day of May, annually, in commemoration, of $110 deeds of our fallen comrades.” "The custom of making that day one-for general, decoration of graves, seldiers' and . «others, bewnc‘so general that-thorium unanipment in 1877 picked a' resolution on: “The Grand Armypf the Republic seeks thus serve the memories of those only who fought in defense of national unity." , I The ritualistic services of the order are seven in number, and all of them orouccom- actions. The services mostgenerally, per the public, are those of Decoration culle- morialDay. The method of observing",tbo day is different with various, posts,,butthe prescribed services are usually combined with such special services as may- be Chosen. Ellie services for Decoration Day, when properly officially mustered ln-the post room. Then follows a special , service at the. cemetery. which takes place at the soldiers’ plot, if there be one, , or over . the grave of a comrade selected as representative of all. The public services appointed for halls on Decoration Day are performed. by a full _ post in uniform, with music, and a ritual said by the chaplain and the post ofilcers, the com- rades responding. Sometimes portions of the regular burial service of the order are used at the cemetery on Decoration Day, and in Wriaon Fireman ENGINEER Coors. Cavaunr. CAVAan. this service the significance of the floral deco- ration is brought out. After the address of the commander, which closes with the words, “Here lies the body of a true hearted, brave and earnest defender of the republic," a com- mdc places a wreath of evergreen over the tomb as a “symbol of an undying love for comrades of the war.” Another comrade then offers a white rose, “symbol of purity,” with the prayer that future generations may emulate the unselfish devotion of our heroes. A third comrade places alaurcl leaf, “symbol of victory" and last token of affection from comrades in arms. Other services for which the ritual proiides are the dedication by the Grand Army of public statues or other me- morials to the dead soldiers and the installa- members of the'order. THE ST. LOUIS ENCAMPMENT. This year's Grand Army encampment. will bathe twenty-firstaunual gathering of its kind, and will be held on Sept. 27 to 30. A rousing welcome is promised. The managers of the reunion encourage comrades to bring their families and let t!:o wives and daughters enjoy the camp fire fun. , The different department headquarters In St. Louis will be in tents pitched in the park, and provision will be made to supply tents and straw free of charge to all postswho elect to have a. taste of army hardship as it was during the war. In addition to the vast hotel accommoda- tions of St. Louis, the private residences will care for 40,000 strangers during the encamp- ment. ' The entertainment committee has an exten- sive programme, embracing excursions to places of historic interest. camp fires, illumi- natious, receptions and concerts. I The decorations of the halls and streets where the veterans are to meet and to parade will be most elaborate. The ower plot of some of the private resides were laid out months ago from designs of military badges. A reunion of surviving war governors is in charge of a committee headed by ex- Governor Thomas C. Fletcher, who helped govern Missouri during the war. The St. Louis hotels advertise a casualty ranging from fifty goats each to 2,0“) and rates from 81 a day to 85, and visitors have dome pastime selecting from allot of tin-co ozcn. A Professional Beggar-'- Generosity. A friend of mine tells me that late the other night he was addressed on the street by one of the kind who represent themselves as sorely in need of a night‘s lodging and be- seech the gift of nfcw cents to make up the ’ price required. Thinking to turn the tables upon the mendicant, my friend pnlizd nin- grubious face. heaved a sigh and said: “I wish I-could help you, but I’m out of work, I‘m too lame to walk to my iodgiiig and I am looking for some onooo lend me five cents to get there in the horse cars.” Quickly diving his hand into his pocket and exclniining, fer- vently, “You shnii‘t suffer if I can help you,” the beggar produced a. niékcl, which he thrust into my friend‘s hand and was off beforen protest could be made—Boston Post. A Use for Batman Skins. The other day I saw a boy give a banana skin to a horse which helps street cars pp the Incline from Cornhili to State street. on Washington. It was eaten with evident rel- ish, and it struck me that I had rarely seen a happier use of it very dangerous article. Kind hearted people should make a note of this for the benefit of drought horses which stander: the side‘s of our streets. The poor thing‘s receive so much ill treatment from evil disposed passer? by that the better dis- posed should bc glad'to make them some com- pensation—Boston Post. Rich bread—A big pay roll. A. Unto the third and fourth generation! yea scrofula and salt rheurn is cured by Fontaine’s Great Discovery. For sale by I. A. Mecker,11 Main Street Norwalk. It is thclsilent watches of the night that render alarm-clocks necessary. A cheap piano is on extravagance, and a good one is an investment. The Math- ushck is like government bonds, slwa s safe. We can recommend them. 80 d by The C. M. Loomi's Co. “011 momma l" sighed little Ethel, “I have such a headache in my sash 1" Too much cannot be said in censure of the unscrupulous ndnltcrations of food pro- .ducts. Many persons are made ill and wonder at the cause. Ask your grocer for the best lard made, that hearing the brand of Sperry and Barnes. “Bear with me a littlc,”obscrved the grizzly as he hugged the hunter. Pimples, blotchcs, eruptions of the skin, indicate that you need a few doses of Fontaine’s Great Discover . For sale by I. A. Meeker, 11 Main treet,NorwaIk. The cream of the base ball'club should be found in the pitcher. The well known slrengtheningpropcrties of Irou,'combined with other tonics and a most- erfect nevine, are found in Carter’s Iron ills, winch strengthen the nerve and body, and improve the blood and complexion. Pug dogs are going out of fashion, and their natural sad expression is deepening. All classes acknowledge the wonderful curative properties of Quaker Bitters. They are not a beverage, but a pure, hon- cst medicine, com ounded from choice roots and herbs. uaker Bitters are ac- knowledged by many prominent physici- ans to he one of the most reliable prepara- .tions ever offered to suffering humanity. Little Quaker Pills are very small and easy to take. Try them. (in' the observation of Memorial Day) to >pre-' poulcdby appropriate military symbolsnnd- formed. in full, and the onesgbest kuownzto' observed, begin with a parade of the post . tion of postofllcers in the presence of none...» POWDER Absolutely Pure. This Powder never varies. A marvel of pure strength and wholesomeness. More economic than the ordinary kinds, and cannot be sold in com- petition with thc multitude of low test, short welght, ullum or phosphate powders. Rona BA Trina Pownsu'uo.,loc Wall st; N. Y." IN SEPTEMBER Care and a careful diet should he observed. fouln’s Wheat Germ ideal for breakfast, prepares the I. .7 way for hearticr foods 1 / later in the day. It’s easi- ly digested; it does not _ heat the blood; it’s highly nutritious and strengthen- ing; can be cooked in less than ten minutes and .is very different and superl- or to oatmeal. 15 cents a package. Sold by all gro- cers. Butler, Breed a Co.,.lirts., Bosrou, Msss. The Best in the World. Sperry & Barnes’ Hams, Shoulders. III-oak that , Bacon, —AND-—— Sausage ARE GUARANTEED :9”. THE BESl ’ is THE MARKET Our KETTLE LAB]: is Strictly Pure and Free from all Adulteration. Look Carefully for'the Brand. We manufacture all goods bearing our brand at our packing house in New Haven. tins Soerrr ll Barrier, New Haven, Conn. Remember! " The Best Meats in Nor-walk ”ARE SOLD Al‘— WIXSON'S IABKE’I‘, ON THE BRIDGE, -—-AND FOR THE— Lowest Prices for Cash. PLATES or BEEF, 5 cents pér lb; CORNED BEEF, from 5 to 16. cents r lb. I will not he undersold for the Best, Qua. ties of Merit. ll’mliltry _ , . y Drawn to order. James E. W'iwson. 27 Wail Street. Port More oiioo Boron FARM winners, Fertilizers, . ' Air Slashed Lime, Land Plaster ' -AND—-—- Drain Pipe, _.AT___ Bl’. "ooh, Rollo lilo MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN tonnes, users, Shingles, La th, I Doors, Sash. Blitz its, .Mowlding‘, ' Window Frames, Piclcets, J's. Ieneered Hard Wood Work. Hard Wood Beilinglanil Flooring. South Norwalk, Conn. GENERAL MARKET. Meat, Fish, Vegetables. arc. LOCKWOOD ST ANDREWS. MAIN STREET. All kinds of the best qualities of Meats, Fish, Clams, Vegetables, etc., are kept constantly on hand. and will be sold by us as low as can be pro- cured at any market in Norwalk. We intend to prove to our customers that we deserve their patronage by fair and generous dealing. lylo LOCKWOOD Jr ANDREWS. I WANT _ EVERYBODY —-—’l‘o come in and look over my stock of——- Morauments ——-AND—- HEADSTONES ' Before they buy anything of theklnd. A selection can be made from them much better than from a photograph or pencil sketch. Respectfully, P. W.- Bates. 1.15 ~ -, J. G. Gregory 8: Go. Desire to state that in addition to a full line of Drugs, Proprietary Medicines and Drugglsts’ sundries they are prepared to receive orders for Silk, Cotton or Linen ELASTIC HOSE For varicose or enlarged veins. Warranted to . lit, and at reduced rates. They also desire to state that they have accepted the agency of the New York Vaccine 00., and will keep a supply of PURE oornor rooster-rotor Constantly on hand. They have in stock Electrid Batteries, which will be sold at close figures. They carrynlso a full assortment of Keystone Writing Paper Packets. DEBENTURE BONDS 6 0l o SEEM Mortiaoeo 0fihe New England Imus-arid Trust Co. This is one of the oldest, most conservative and scccesstul institutions dealing in such securities. Eleven years' experience without a dollar of loss to investors. ' Each $100,000 of debentured is secured by $102 . 000 of mortgn s, assi ed to and deposited with the Fanners’ can an Trust 00., New York. trus- glee.B litterest payable at Bank of New Nork, Mon ges from best Com-Producing regions of Iowa, ansas, Nebraska and Missouri. For full information enquire of tin / o. E. wrnson. 6 iii 1 oer. root. Farm Mortgages -—OI-‘ THE— Eqnitable lfortgage 00., Kansas City. Capital, $2,000,000. $1,000,000 paid up. Principal and Interest Guaranteed. Security from three to six times the amount of loan. Coupon Bonds. Interest payable in New York. Also, 1y34 Six per Cent. chcnture Bonds of the Middlesox Banking Company, of Middleton, conn. Organized under the banking laws of the State of Connecticut. Coupons payable in New York. B. B. CRAUFURD, Agent. 31 Main Street, Nor-walk. RANGES. , THE DUCHESS, OUR OWN, UNCLE NICK. Those with the Celebrated Duplex Grates. EXTRA COOK, for Coal and Wood; SAMPLE COOK; QUEEN ANNE; EAST LAKE; DENMARK; NEW INDEX,‘ Improved; GRAND UNION, Improved. HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS. Agate, iii and Wooten Ware, Fine Tea and Dinner Sets, TOILET SETS. Mercer China; White Granite and C C Ware, DECORATED GOODS, in Great Variety. MONITOR 01L STONES. Baldwin’s Dry Air Refrigerators, The very best in the market. r. J. CURTIS Eco, 03 MAIN STREET. Glover it Olsen, No.42 Wall St, Norooll, Leaders of the Shoe Trade Wish to col. your attention to a few of the many styles of shoes carried in stock by them. OUR LADIES' Preooli Kill, Hail-Made Wooieooliast, A Marve of Comfort and Ease. . our $5 Hail-Mote Preooli Kill Welt. For ladies wear are rfect in every respect and asgoodas ocasanysold at“. For $5.50, Our Lndies’ Hand-Made French Kid Turn Shoes made by Benedict a 00., of New Canaan, are the some 0 style and beauty,and positively cannot be- exeelled at any price. Oh! Oh! for $3, Those Nobby Little French Kid, Hand-Made Oxfords with patent leather tips are admired by all that have seen and worn them. You must cal and see them. For $2.50, A Perfect Misses’Waukenphast for school or a walking shoe cannot be equalled. Win a word curline of shoes is complete in every respect. We have the beat me of CHILDREN’S SCHOOL SHOE Ever shown in town‘ and at prices from the cheapest in the best. - . Glover 8: Olsen, 42 Wall Street, NORWALZ. For Sale. DOUBLE BARRELLED RIFLE madcby John A lilissett, London. .Will he sold cheap to cash. Enquire at this office. 'roorrsr o oo Coolidge & Lockwood, 1 REAL ESTATE It INSURANCE, Room 4 Gazette Building. SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO Till! CARE OF . nun. ESTATE, COLLECTION OI“ BENTS, do, do. Parties hnvtng ileslrablc apartments to‘Le f $8 ta dis per month, Will do well to place thtd sdliind in our hands, asthe call for such laces the past month has been far beyond our ab my to- supply. Remember our Commission Is only 5 per cent. We have now on our books several ver 1 i able places to rent ran in in - y we r- $40 per month. , g or price from $15 to Room 4 Gazette Building. NORWALK, cons. J. P. NICKERSON, For the time being at No. 7 East Side Of Water St, lyll """~-T0irii noons rnon WALL STREET, NORWALK, - - _ STAPLE AND CHOICE GROOERIES.’ Family Supplies, Of the freshest and best qualit that the New York market affords in grolzleries, also VEGETABLES & FRUITS In their seasons at . MODERATE PRICES. The patronage of my friends and former cus- tomers is respectfully solicited. “31 J. P. NICKERSON. Telephone Call. Piles! Fistula! Fissure! NO CHARGE UNLESS CURED! Write for circulars and Full Particulars. DR. YARNALL. 1y60 150 EAST SOtII‘STBEET, NEW YORK CITY. RIVERSIDE UEIIETERY .. ASSUGIATMN. The grounds of this Association are situated in the Borough of Norwalk, just north of the Union Mills, between Spring Hill Road and Riverside Avenue, and may be reached by good and well-kept roads from all directions. The cemetery is divided into twenty-two sections, with ‘ Broad Avenues and suitable streets, and the contour of the land is such that every taste may be gratified in the selection of plots. The avenues are so arranged as to afford an almost Continuous Drive to all the different sections, and are crossed in every direction by the streets so that carriages may reach every plot in the entire cemetery. An Elegant Receiving Vault of large capacity, and fitted with all modern improvements, is near the entrance gate. Capacity. The entire space is not plotted,-.-bui. 52 Vault Lots, reservations for 517 single interments, and 2,102 Burial Plots are now offered for sale at prices very favor- able to purchasers. MAPS. Maps of the Cemetery may be seen at the office of MR. ENOS KELLOGG, the Superintendent, on the premises; at the ofiice of HON. J Anus W. HYATT, at the Horse Railroad Depot; and at the office of MR. JOHN H. LIGHT, at South Nor. walk. tf5 ELEGANT PHOTOGRAPHS _ AT— REASONABLE PRICES. Get the Best 1 After more than thirty years on Broadway I HAVE DIOVED ’1‘0 ————Tus ELEGANT Pannisus,-—--—— NO. 11 EAST 42]) STREET, One block west of the Grand Central Depot, NEW YORK CITY. Children, a. Specialty. Quick as n Wink. GALLERY AND SKY 1.1ch on Pauwn Fmos. No sums T0 Cains. 3mm; ‘ ABRAHAM BOCARDUS. Fawcett’s Easter Opening. 01: and after TUESDAY, APRIL 5th, All are cordially invited to call and inspect our styles. We feel confident this wrll surpass . any opening display in this town this season. . A visit will fully reward an attendance. —-—Our Display of . TRIIIIMED _ HA ’l's Will be very llne and in every Shape and Color. It has been our careful endeavor to send cards to all. If any emissions have occurred they have been unintentional. and we take this occasmn to say to all “COME.” BFWe shalleach Tuesday during the season exliiblt Novnuriss IN MiLLrsnin'. ‘ FAWOETT’S, 3 WATER ST., Norwalk. So. Norwalk. PETER L. G‘UIGUE, SHTMAN, UNION AVENUE, ' North of Norwulk Cemetery, nonwAnm, - - comm. Dealerin In Green House and Hot House and Bedding and Vegetable Plants, Fruit and Ornamen tal Trees Shrubhery, Vines. Cut Flowers alway on hand and allsorts of designsln Flowers arranged to order. ‘ alys Grading and lie-filling Cemetery Plots promptly attended to. 4-. 4 CONN. ‘ 73 MAIN ST., ,
Norwalk Chronicler