ESTABLISHED 1800. An Enterprising Republican Journal, NORWALK, CONN, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 10, 1887.. .g: , —O¢g9,‘g. ”.3 especially devoted to Local News and Interests. ‘\ Two DOLLARS A YEAR. Number 32. Volume LXXXVII. R. B. CRA‘UFURD, l V Vlili'l‘i‘l EV'I‘ SECURITIES, REAL Ei'l‘A'l‘ld .\ Vll INSURANCE, 1" MAIN STREET, - - NOR‘WALK. GEO . WARD 81’s: LIAECJL , HARDENBROOK'S sLocK. mu. srnasr,‘ FAMILY GROCERIES. ATENTS l Gr. R. summon, sthington, D. m ma: .. v- .. tulle to Invention Nailed tree. PATENT OFFICE. .l. hithllliN “URLBU'l‘i‘. Attorney and Counselor at Law, Room No. 4, Up Stairs, GAZETTE BUILDING, NOILWALK, CONN. JAMES '1‘. HUBBELL, Attorney and Counselor at Law a Gazette Building, .vOltWALK, . CONN ALEX. S. GI BSON. urgunist of 1st Congregational Church. Waterbury, Teacher of i’innofnrte, Organ and Musical Composition, Lock lloxlltl I' 0.,NOItWAI.K,CUNN. NI. Pension nun Patent ltturnen, No. 642 TENTH STREET, N. E., WASHINGTON, II. C. ttlh l.. ilyington, 4‘ TN.‘ lNSUltAh‘CE (20., of HARTFORD. 1 incorporated 18in. Charter Perpetual. CAPITAL AND ASSETS, $3,902,272.04. insures against loss and damage by Fire. on ernis adoptedtothe hazard and consistent with he. laws of compensation. COWLES a MERRILL, sole Agents for Norwalk and vicinity. TH E Norwalk Fire Insurance Cu. ilas now completed its 18th SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS YEAR And has not outstandingsdollar of unpaid losses )rcisims for losses. .Vu sauml wmpmm fractures for less. w. C. Si'itss'r, l'res. S. E. OLus'rsAn. 'l‘reaa, 630. it. (Iowans Retiretary. L. E. QUINTARD. Successor to W. E. QUINTARD, UNDERTAKER & EMBALMER. OPPOSITE MORSE RAILROAD DEPOT. Residence 143 Main Street. Telephone coiuiiiuui- cation with office and residence. H. J. Stun/us, Notary Public, Commissioner for the States of New York and Massachusetts, and GENERAL LOAN, INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE AGENT, ' GAZETTE BUILDING NOR\VALK. tilti Express. Patronize the old reliable ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY. 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THERMOSTATIC HEAT INDICATORS. Burglar Alarms and every description of Elec- trical Attachments ut in order. Idso, for sale. new or second-nan Tele ph Wire for Grape Arbors or Fencing. and t e best English make for Clothes Lines. For further particulars call on or address 4mm , .i. H. Hovr, Wooten Uulon Telegraph once, Norwalk, Colin. SECOND BULL RUN. Story of Gen. Pope’s Czompaign in Virginia. ITS QUARTER} CBNTENARY. llot Fighting from Cedar Mountain to Chantilly. ' The Campaign Begins at Cedar Moun- tain, the 9th of August, 1862—“ Ends with Pope's Retreat to Washington, September l—Figlitlng Every Stop of the Way-The Three Dnys' Battles at Bull Run, Grovoton and Mnnnssas. it was a quarter of a century ago on J une fill that Maj. Gen. John Pope was appointed to command the Army of Virgiiiio.- The Shattered forces of Banks, Fremont and McDowell that had been deinoi'alized by the iziovomeii'ts cf Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah valley Were to to be united into one ui'iny,tho Army of Virginia, and put under one head. That head was Gen. Pope. There were three corps under the com- iiinndors named. Fremont resigned when Pope was appointed, and his corps—tho First ——-wus given to Gen. Franz Sigel. Banks com- manded the Second corps, McDowell the Third. The three contained altogether not quite 50,000nien. But one marked feature on" this. Army of Virginia. was the great num- ber of Sti’flgglt’l's connected with it. After thuscz-ond but.:]o of Bull Run Pope himself cuiiiplnined of it and said half the great diminution of his forces there was caused by “struggling and skulkiiig from the army.” (ten. Gordon in his book, the “Army of Vir- ginia,” t’i‘llllll'ks of one, corps that its mem- in-rs seldom reported in full except at meal little. The cause of this want of discipline is Gainosvillo, hard to trace. Pope was a western man of large stature and soldierly up- pearuiico. He was born in Illinois ill 1823, and- wns grud- uuted at West: Point before he was 20 years old. He was assigned at once to the choice engineer corps and was sent. to Florida. to sur- vey the boundary line there. He served with honor in the Mexican GEN. POPE. war. Af tor its close be was engaged in making government surveys till the outbreak of the civil war. As It topographical engineer he did consider- able experimenting in the line of boring tute- siau wells to obtain a. water supply on the lll'ltl WfStel‘ll plains. In 1861 he was made a brigadier general of volunteers, and the district of Northern Missouri was placed in his charge. After- ward he commanded the Army of the Missis~ sippi. In March, 1862, he was promoted to be major general of volunteers. From these experiences he was called east; in June and placed at the head of the' Army of Virginia. 110 was to reorganize and consolidate it. In J uiy he became a bi-igudier.general in the regular army. At the close of the campaign, which is the subject of this chapter in war history, in Sep- tember, 1862, Gen. Pope requested to be re- lieved of the command of the Army of Vir- giniu and go back west. He was permitted to do so, audreceived back his old command in the northwest. He is now retired from the regular army. Gen. Irwin McDowell cornmunded Pope’s Third corps in Virginia. He was born in Columbus, 0., in 1818. He received a thorough military education, partly at a. training school in France and after- ward at West Point, where he graduated i;i1838. Heservcd in tire Mexican war. He was the commanding general at the first . battle and Union do: font at Bull Run, July. 1801. He was not blamed for the defeat. however. He was also at the sec- ond but-tie of Bull Run in 1802. He remained in the regular army till 1882, when he resigned, hav- ing first been promoted to be majorgeneral. He died in 1885. Pope assumed hisiiew duties with enthusi- nsin. From the first he and_McClellan dif- fviredas to the conduct of the war before Richmond. Pope especially opposed there- treut to the J times, and thought that instead the Army of the Potomac should seek to re- treat by the north bank of tho Chickahoruiny ’und Hanover Court House. The diiIerences became serious. At lost both geherals re- quested thut a commander in chief heap- minted over them and over all the armies. This was done, and July 23 Gen. Honry.W. llalleek became commander in chief of all the forces of the United States. Pope, on taking command of the Virginia army, announced that his headquarters wouldbc in the saddle. He further issued a proclamation to the soldiers: “I have come from the west,” he told them, “where we have always seen .tho backs of our enemies, from an army whose business has been to seek the adversary and beat him when found, whose policy has been attack and not defense.” ’ ‘ Gen. Pope issued orders from Washington to his army, but did not join it in person till the last of July. . The orders he issued have been criticised severely. Ono required troops to subsist on the country as far as was practicable. fi- other declared that non-combatants in a neighborhood of the army should is) held re- sponsible for damage to military property, guerrilla attacks on soldiers, and all acts of private hostility. A third bulletin ordered that all the male inhabitants Within the lines of his army should take the oath of alie- ’ co to the United States government. l‘hose who refused were to be sent out of the lines. Whoever took the oath and violated it was to be shot. The Confederate vern- ment had issued orders similar to see in Tennessee. nearly a year before. Popebegon military 0 rations by bring- ing the detachments of isariny nearer to other, making a line some forty miles long. igel’s and Banks' corps were posted at Sper- ryvillc, which will be seen u n the map. Ricketts’ division of McDowel ’s corps was osm- n’uownLL. ridge over the north fork of the Rnppahan- nock, while Gen. Rufus King’s division of McDowell’s corps was left at Fredericksburg. It is an unfortunate circumstance belong- ing to this part of the history of the war that there was ill feeling among several of the generals with the armies of the cash. This had its influence on the campaign of Virginia. McClellan had the 'ft of attach- ing mento him enthusiastic y. His influ- ence over many of the officers under him was unbounded. They repelled jealously any measure look- ing to a weakening of his authority. It was charged but some on this account gave only a half h rted su port to the efforts of other generals, particuihrly those of Pope in Vir- ginia. The regarded his appointment as a snub to 00160311, in a measure, and re- sented it in various ways, as was claimed. Early in August, 1802, Gen. McClellan deter- mined, from his can: at Harrison’s landing, on the James, to ma 9 an attack on Rich- mond. Hooker and SerigWIck took [ascension of Mslvern Hill on the 4th, and made a ro- connoissance toward Richmond. Officers and men werein hting trim and enthusi- 'astic. But sudden , the night of Aug. 4, there came an order from Halleck for Me- Clellan to leave the James, and withdraw from the ninsuia with his whole army. - McClel an r'emonstrated earnestly. Both sides of the James were in his hands, and he could now attack Richmond with good hope of success. He beggied to be permitted to 0 so. “Fighting: Joe ooker,” indeed, tried to Isuado M lellan to flatly disobey Hal- eck's order. “You in his aswell die for a sheep us a lamb.” argu Hooker. . To McClellan’s remonstrance a nst the order Hallock telegraphed only: ,, l‘he order will not be rescinded, and you will be ex- pected to execute it with all pomible prompt- nose. Accordingly, with a heavy heart, McClel- lan pre to move his army out of the peni a to Aoquia creek and nearer Pope. If McClellan and Halleck had only known it, Richmond could then have been taken almost without a blow, for b the. 13th of August that city had been near y stripped of troo These-next campaign in Virginia was to be fought in a region south and somewhat east of where the last one had closed in the Shen- andoah valley. The reader will observe on tho mapthe town of Gordonsville, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad. The Confederates were well informed as to Federal movements. Thoy early learned that Pope’s forces were concentrating near Gordonsville. This was a railroad center, and kept Richmond in com- munication with the region both to the west- ward uiid southward, enabling it to draw an plies. . , ops resolved to take ion of Gor- donsvilie. An ordertoseizo it and destroy the railroads had been given as early as July 14 but was not carried out. To preserve Gordonsville Lee had hurried division‘ufter division of his army away from Richmond to thatlplace. First Jackson and Ewell went, then . P. Hill, to protect Gor- donsville. Jackson and Ewell wonths early as July 13. Aug. 13, just; at the time Mc- Clellan was withdrawing reluctantly from the James. the rest of the Confederate divi- placed twenty miles east of this, at Waterloo ’ ' tinguishin . almost in the moment Slons, Loii‘gsti‘cct’s and floods, and nearly all of Magmdcr’s and Hugor’s, started to join the main body at Gordonsville. There was thus a prospect for a large fight. The scene was now to be changed from the Chickahomin and the Shenandoah to the Rnppohaunoc and Bull Run. . Brig. Gens. Buford and Bayard had com- mand of Pope’s cavalry. , CEDAR MOUNTAIN. By Aug. 9 Pope’s army was largely concou- truted between Culpeppcr Court House and ‘ Cedar mountain. Banks led the advance and Was not far from Cedar mountain. Pope’s whole force at this time was about. 30,000. w "' trap or POPE’S VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN. Aug. 9, 1862, the battle of Cedar Mountain, the first in Pope’s Virginia campaign, was fought. aSigol had been ordered to murch't'o Culpepper Aug. 8, but mistook his orders and did not; reach there till the afternoon of the 9th. That afternoon the battle opened with? an attack from Ewell’s division on Banks. Banks held possession of a hill near Cedar mountain. Ewell planted abattery bu Cedar mountain to rake the Union forces. Part of Ewell’s and Jackson’s divisions took position cartridge opposite the hill occupied by the Fedora] troops. The battle began with a sharp artillery fire at 4 o’clock. A corn field. and a. wheat field lay between the two armies. J ackson’s old troops, called sometimes “Jack- son’s own,” sometimes the “Stonewall bri- gade,” were commanded at Cedar mountain by Gen. Winder. He was killed early in the actiou,'und his command devolved on Gen. Taliaferro. Cedar mountain is called by the Confeder- ates Slaughter mountain. Bunks’ men were pested on the hill mentioned and on the plain near Cuisi- run, a stream crossing the Cul- pcppcr road. The attack was ordered by Stonewall Jackson, who, in his report, says that, finding only a part of, Pope's army at Ciilpeppcr Court House, he' hoped, through the blcsing of Providence, to defeat it before i'c-enforccmcnts came up. In this fight J ack- son had his-own old division and those of Hill and Ewell, nearly 25.000 men in all, the best and most experienced soldiers of the army of tho Confederuvy. Banks had less than 9,000 men, consisting of Williums’ and Augur’s di— visions, with 'Gordon's brigade, not quite 1,500, posted ‘ns a reserve on the 'cxtreme right. Gen. Jubal‘A. Early, C. S. A., took a. prominent part in the battle of Cedar Mountain, haying " command of u brig- ade which did hot fighting. He held the Confederate right: Banks threw one of his columns across the wheat .field and attacked at: that point. Early, seeing that he was to be driven book, called for ieenforcements. A brigade from Hill’s him. Jubui Early was born in Virginia in 1818, and was gradu- ated at West Point in 1337. He servedboth in the Mexican and Florida wars, but resigned from the army and studied law. He held various of- fices in Virginia, joined the Confederate army in the beginning of the war and commanded a brigade at Bull Run.‘ At Gettysburg he was a brigadicr general and commanded a division. He was engaged in the Shenandoah Valley com- paign of 1861. 110 it was who made the during mid into Pennsylvania and set fire to Chambers- burg. After that, however, his star went down. He was involved in or series of unfortunate de- feats, first at the hands of Sheridan, then of Cus- ter, and was dismissed from the Confederate ser- vice. He went to Europe, but after the war he came again a lawyer in Richmond. At Cedar mountain Banks was not aware that he had so large a force opposed to him. If he had known it, he could have sent to Pope for re-‘euforcementsjn time. As it. was, after a deadly fight of four hours he was forced to retreat, the Confederate army being twice as large as his own. So sin-owns he that it wusonly Jackson’sad- Vance which engaged him that be ported his whole division into two columns and charged upon the massed Confederates. The charge was soheuvy that at first they fell back in disorder. At that moment, Stonewall Jackson himself gailoped up to . rally the broken lines. His old soldiers saw himand shouting, “Stonewall Jackson! Stonewall Jackson 1” reformed and renewed the fight. Rc~enforcc- merits, two brigades of Hill’s division, fresh troops, were poured in, and Banks’columns were stopped. Broken and fearfully dimin- ished, they were forced back across the «heat field over which they had come. Pope, who was coming up with Ricketts’ division just at dark, met the retreating columns. The battle line was formed anew then, and Jackson, who was in pursuit, attacked once more, but was -met so vigorously that he desisted, and bivouacked on the battle field. In the battle of Cedar Mountain Brig. Gen. S. IV. Crawford made upon the Confederate left: a heroic charge, which has become fa- mous. -» The battle of Cedar Mountain was a bloody one. The Union side lost: in killed, wounded and prisoners over 2,000 men, the Confeder- ates less than 1,400. It is noted for the large number of officers killed and wounded on both sides ' After this battle neither army moved for two days. On the 11th the dead were buried. Then Jackson with his army retreated south across the Rapidun toward Orange Court House, and Aug. 14 held a. divine service, in which he gave thanks to God for the victory at Cedar run. ' Gen. John Buford took it very active part in directing the cavalry movements of Pope‘s Vir- . . giuiacumpaign. He JUBAL A. EARLY. mous 'Bufords of Kentucky, a family noted for furnishing a. number of soldiers ”to both sides during the civil war. Gen. Buford was born in feed, and was it grad- uate of West Point. Like a horse loving ' - Kentuckiun, be en- tered the cavalry ser- vice of the United Statesur'my. Hewas ' one of the most. use ful of the cavalry of- oss. BUFORD. ficers during the war. as brave and willing as he was modest. He served in Pope’s compai and with the Army of the Potomac continue , dis. himself in many severe n his. He was at Ant etam, Gettysburg and eisew em, and was once severely wounded. At this time he was It brigudier general. Toward the last of the year 1803 this brave sol- dier and accomplished gentleman was sent to ‘take charge of the cavalry in the Army'of the Cumberland. He urted from his old: command in the Army of t e Potomac and started west, with a major general’s commission awaiting him. But just before he reached his new head uarters he was stricken with a typhoid fever, an after a very brief sickness died. His illness was brought on y exposure and toll in the Army of the Poto- lost an. of his life, Dec. 16, 1863, eath was upon him, the mails brou ht his commission as major: general. He held it n his dyiplfihands, and a smile of joy and gratification lit face. Then, “gently lay- ing it aside, he soon ceased to breathe. 'r - THE RAPPAHANNOCK. After Cedar Run, what next? The base of operations of the Union army of the cast was now the Roppaliannock river. mile. The very After Cedar Run, Pope gradually withdrew‘ his army to the Rappuhunnock’s north bank, leaving it between himself and the Confed- erates. Meantime he messed his whole army around Jackson, between the, Rappo- hannock and the Rapid“,- 85.0005 strong. He was led tothis by‘ a. curious incident, which shows on what small things great events turn. The Confederate Col. Mosby had been a prisoner of war, but had been ex- changed early in August. . .On the way to Richmond he passed Fortress Monroe. He saw there Bumside’s troops embarking for some place. Where? By means known to himself, he found out it. .wus the Rappahan- nook. The moment he set foot on the shore below Richmond, he hurried to Gen. Leo and told him. By relays of galloping couriers, Lee dispatched the word to Jackson on the' Rapidsn. The Federal cat was now out of the bag. Burnside’s corps had been sent for from North Caroliniu to swell the Army of Vir- giniu, and not to re-enforce McClellan on the J tunes At the same time reports reached Richmond that McClellan’s army was leav- ing the peninsula. ' ' McClellun’s army had not reached Freder- ieksburg, on the way to join Pope, when (Aug. 20) Lee’s 85,000 men, himself command- ing in person, faced Pope’s army of some— thing over 40,000 on the Ruppa'hannock. Pope was on the north side, Lee on the south, of:- tempting to cross. Pope’s watchfulness pre- vented, however. Pope, * knowing Lee’s greater numbers, could not attack. He called loudly form-enforcements, which were prom- ised him certainly by Aug. 23. Both Leo and Pope were meditating hostile movements when, on the night of Aug. 22, a tremendous rainstorm came, which stopped eflorts to cross the river by either army. But on that night; another of the odd. s'inall inci- _vision during the. belonged to the 'fa- _ . in the civil war, he handoiih and. took dents which det'erhiine great evcfifs Fifipefied. ' Pope’s headquarters were at Catlet’s Station, ten miles behind the center of his line. The |during Confederate cavalryman, Stuart, selected that night for a raid. He hadcrossed the Rappahannock before the storm. Ho swept around to the Federalrear and charged directly upon Pope’s headquarters. There were confusion and wild fleeing. Pope him- self escaped, leaving hat and coat behind him. dispatch book was captured, however. That was all. Icewanted to givo him most accurate information, and the result shows he made good use of it. A negro guided Stuart’s cavalry to Pope’s tent. The raid was begun Aug. 25. Jackson hur- ' ried quickly up the south bank of the Rappa- hannoek, crossed. it ‘above Pope’s army. and hastened north to Thoroughfare Gap, through which the railroad from Strasburg to Alex- niidi-i'u passed. His soldiers were called the “Foot cavalry,” on account of the speed they had attained in marching. On their right went the indomitable J. E. B. Stuart, with all his cavalry. swiftly, silently they marched, like the spirit of destruction. “Don’t shout, boys; the Yankees will hear us,” said Jackson. .' Leoformed the bold plan of erasing the Rnppahunnoek, getting in Pope’s rear, and cutting him of! from Washington. For this difiieuit and dangerous task be selected one who had been proved to be-the bravest, shrewdest,most reliable officer in his array, Stonewall Jackson. ' .Gcn. Rufus King was a grandson of the Rufus King of revolution- ' . ury times; He was born in 1814, in New York, and was grad- noted at wm Point = . in leasfbei'ugatmchr If, . ed to the engineer ' ‘ corps. He was in turn a superintend‘ lug rallwuy‘engineer,‘ ' an editor and minis- terto Rome. During the warhe was a brigadier general of volunteers. attached to McDowell's corps. He commanded a di- f. campaign of the Ar- my of Virginia,subse- queutly taking part in the battles of Fred- can. Roms xmo. ericksburg, Groveton, Monassus, Yorktown and Fairfax. After the war he was again minister to Rome. Ho died in 1876. At midnight, after a march of twenty miles, Jackson and his men bivouacked at Salem, near Thoroughfare Gap, on the rail- road. Jackson had forbidden his soldiers to' shout, but whenever they caught sight of him in his faded uniform and old yellow cap they sent up roaring cheers, and he could not stop . them. At‘dnylight they were on the march again. Thoroughfare Gap was undefended by Union troopv, as they had hoped, and now they were ready for Pope on the right or Washington city on the left. Jackson’s men had per- formed another one of their extraordinary marches. They had traveled fifty miles in tivo days withlonly gluon corn and apples to eat. Many of them limped along barefoot. Yet there was not a straggior, and they were ready for fight. ’ _ By the evening of Aug. 90 the advance of Jackson’s men were at Manussas “Junction on the railroad which supplied Pope. A great number of supplies was there, which the Con- federates destroyed after getting one “square men ” out them. Hooker was at Bristoe Station, seven miles from Manussns, and Fitz John Porter was at Wamnton Junction, nine miles away, with 4,500 men. They were the advance of Pope’s army. That general had become aware of Jackson’s movement, and had decided to match his whole army to Manussas and Gainesvillo. By Aug. 2? Gen. Pope had got re-euforco- ‘ments to the number of not quite 23,000 men from the Army of the Potomac. They were of the flower of that army, including Fitz John Porter’s;corps, with his troops of the regular army, under the division command- ers Morellzand Sykes. Gen. Reynolds was also there with his division of tho Pennsyl- vania Reserves. Gen. Meade was one of the brigade commanders. Longstreet was following Jackson, mean- ing to flunk Pope on. the right while Jackson . attacked the rear. He was marching rop- idly, pressing toward Thoroughfare Gap. His position as well as that of Jackson was extremely ticklisli. If Pope could fall on them‘sepurutely, before Lee’s whole army could come up, then each would be out to pieces. The greatest watchfuinsss night and day was observed. 0n the morning of the 29th Longstreet observed that his brigades were being suddenly halted on different roads. With no apparent reason they stopped and remained stock still, although lie-was hurrying them forward. at the top of their speed. In a towering rage he rode for- ward to find out the reason. courier had brought orders from Gen. Lee. directing the army to halt. “Where is that courier?” demanded Long- street. ‘ ‘ _ “There, galloping down the road," said u bi'igudier. ‘ . . ' “Overtuke him; bring him to me,” cried Longstreet. ‘ ' He was halted and brought back. “I must be of! to the rear,” said the courier, cndeavoringto go free; “I have orders for Longstreet.” “lam Gen. Longstreet,” said that individ- ual. “Where are your orders?" The man turned deathly white and did not answer. He was ll-Ullloll spy. , , “Give this man te'n‘miuutw and hung him,” thundered Longstroet. “Let the columns push forward immediately." The columns moved on. But when they, did so they left behind them a man in Con- federate gray hanging to' a roadside tree, dead. " ‘ . Gen. George Sykes, brigadier general of volun- _ teers, was a colonel in the regular army. He was a West Point graduate, born in Delaware in 1822. He was a gallant Moxi- can war ofiicer, dis- tinguishing ‘himself at Cerro Gordo. He served withdistinc- ties In the Army of the Potomac during the war, taking ac- tive part in the bat- tles-of Pope's-cam- paign. Gen. Sykes died in 1882. Pope’s idea was to crush Jackson by get- ting on his rear, between him and Thorough- fare Gap, with one portion of the Federal army, McDowell’s corps, while the other. under Hooker, should attack him on the east, coming from Centrevillo. . At that time Pope supposed Jackson to be retreating back ' through Thoroughfare Gap. But Jackson Was not retreating. Long- street was close at hand, ready to join him. Furthermore. Pope’s own army had not come to time as expected. Fitz John Porter had been ordered to join Hooker at Bristoe Stationon tho._-Manamas Gap railroad. He 'urriv'edsix hours late. Meanwhile the same day, Aug. 27, at Munassas Junction, seven miles away, there was a hot skirmish. Some New Jersey troops under Gen. Taylor had been ordered to rescue the stores there. They were driven off with half their officers killed or wounded. Gen. Taylor himself was killed. At Bristoo Station, the'same day too, Hooker made an attack on Ewell,"who fell back toward Jackson’s main army, impur- ed. . Where was J ackson's army, meantime? Jackson was master of the art; of strategy. He started Ewell and Hill of! northeast with a noise and flourish, as if they ‘wero march- ing in a. bee line to Washington. At the same time he put his main army swiftly and quietly on. the march back ‘fmm Maiiussds northward, in tho'Qlirectiouin which he knew longstreet was ad vauciug. Ewell, and Hill wentfas fur northeast is. Contreville, within twenty miles of Washington. Then they suddenly turned west and rejoined Jackson’s army near the old battle field of Bull Run. This was Aug. 28. ’ \ In the second battle of Bull Run Gen. Robert C. Scheuck had his arm shuttered bya ball. He was born in Ohio in 1809. Unlike most of the generals was nbt‘educnted at ‘ West Point. Ho ho- came a. lawyer, on; tered politics, served four terms in con- gress, was "minister to Brazil, entered the army at the outbreak of the war and be came a brigadier gen- eral of volunteers. He Was at the first ~ battle of :Bull Run., passed through the campaign of the She- part in 'Pope‘p com: . ; ass. seismic; , spafgu in Virginia. In 1&3 he resigned from the army and reentered politics, serving in congress eight years. when he was appointed minister to England. He held this place till 1876, and found relaxation from oflcial dutie; in the writing of a book on the science and art of the game of poker. It is much Quoted. Gen. schenck still survives, in an age which is "Like a lusty winter, but kin ." Pope was deceived as to the whereabouts of Jackson’s army. He was besides almost in despair, because reenforcements which had been surely promised him did not arrive. He had depended for supplies on Washington, and in any event on those at Manassas J unc- L tion,»wh‘ich Jackson had destroyed. Both sources failed. If, however, Gen. Pope’s main army had reached Manassas Junction encourearlior. on the 21th. 1.10 .might have He was told a- saved his stores and destroyed Jasmin. As he himself exprem it, however. he had now to fight or starve. ' ‘ The first of the series of fights which took place near the old Bull Run battle field oc- curred Aug. 28. Pope believing Jackson at Centreville, being deceived by his ruse, or- dered McDowell to go after him. McDowell had been near Gainesvillo. The march to- ward Centreville led him past Jackson’s right, and J ackson attacker! him vigorously. This fight of the 28th is known as the bottle of Gainesvillo. The village lies near Thor- oughfare Gap, southwest of Centreviiie. There was a severe and bloody 'contmt, with- out decided advantage on either side. Gen. Jackson,,in his report. calls it “a fierce and 'oaguina‘ry conflict.” Gena. Ewell and Tall- severely wounded. The troops engaged on the Union sidewaretho brigades of Geus. Gibbon and Doubleday. There were three days’ battles on and near the old Bull Run battleground. They oc- curred Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Aug. 28, 29, 30. The first? is properly called the battle of Gainesvillo, the second that of last one is usually tei‘ined' the, ,‘second battle of Bull Run." ;‘ ’ At the first of the three fights, that of Doubleday suffered severely. They might have been rc-enforced, us other brigades were near them, but this Was not done. The fight- ing continued until into the night. Pope was, and nobod'.rknewwliero.-:tlio .rlex‘t Confederate blow ' Valley. Jackson. himself was puzzled to When he fouglit‘tlio bottle of Guinesville, lio - seems to have believfe‘t‘l- Pope’s army was in full retreat for Washington. and that he had a. brush with the phasing edge of it. All was-u inuddie on both sides Brcvet Maj.- Gen; Abner Doubleday,whose troops fought so stoutly at thé battle of Gainesville and ' ‘ thoseof thenexttwo days, was a, brave and accomplished ~ officer. He was, born and was graduated ‘ at West Point. He served in the Mexi- can war as a captain of artillery. Hewas . in Fort Sumter with Gen. Robert Ander.‘ ‘ son when titre war broke out, and fired the first gun for the Union against the ‘ acceded state of “E“. ”WEED“- SouthCarolina. April 12, 1861. He afterward saw much severe fighting. ~ He is news retired brigadier general, living in New York city, and engaged in scientific and literary pursuits. Her'contributed the volume “Chunccliorsvilio and Gettysburg“ to the “Com- puigns of the Civil War.” In thebattle of, Groveton, Aug. 29, both forces took up the fight which had been left unfinished near Gainesville the night before. Gi-oveton was a village on the Warrenton turnpike, which led to i Alexandria. Grove- ton was near the center of the three days’ fighting. A little to the northeast of Grove- ton was the historic stream of Bull. Run, whence the fighting grounds hereobouts . gained their name. Bull Run flows south- east and empties into the Potomac. At the battle of Groveton, the 29th, Jack- son fronted nearly south, his left at Smiley Ford on Bull Run, his right at Groveton Sigel’s corps attacked his right at daylight, and there was a bloody fight them till 10:30, with varied result. ' Milroy‘und Carl Schurs made fierce charges on theCoufcderate line. ' Amid the conflicting “accounts and recriml- nations which grew out of the battle of Groveton, Aug. 29, it is hard to get at the truth about that: fight. It seems clear, how- ever, that Thoroughfare Gap was the key to victory for Pope. It might be called a second Thermopylin. Two brigades of Federal troops could have held it against ten times their number. It was the mountain pas to- ward which Longstmetwas marching with his whole heavy division, and through which he must pass to join Jackson at Groveton. If the pass had been well guarded he could not have gone through it. Then Pope’s army might have defeated Jackson before he was .re-cnforced. It was what Pope planned to do. He expected Iongstreet’s coming. In an order issued the morning of the 29th, he mentioned that by “tomorrow night or next . day”. longstreet would benpon them. Gen. John Bell Hood, of the Confederate army, was a Kentu'cklan, born in 1831. He passed through the course at West Point and served in the United States array on the frontier until the beginning of the civil'wur. Then he took sides with the Confederacy and become one of the leading southern generals. He fought prominently in the battle of Second Bull Run, and afterward at Antietam. After that he was sent west, and rose to the milk of lieutenant ,general. He lost a. leg at Chickamauga. In 1884-5 he held command for a. time of the western Confederate army, but was relieved from duty in consequence of defeats received at the hands of Gen. Thomas. He then retired to private life and to poverty. He died in 181’9, leaving a large family of dependent children. who were generously provided for by the citizens of the south and elsewhere. At 9 o’clock that very morning, Gen. Bu- ford. scouring about with his cavalry, saw moving “clouds of dust" from the directi' ‘on of Gainosville and Thoroughfare Gap. Long. street, with 30,000 men, was already there, thirty-six hours‘beforo' he was expected. As for Inngstreeet, he heard before he reached Gainesville the noise of the battle that had already begun between Sigel's corps and Jackson, and then, he says, "the march was GEN. J.’ n. HOOD. By 11:30 o’clock Longstreet’s line of battle at Groveton was complete. ‘ Hood’s batter ties were ordered into position on tho Warrenton turnpike immediately on their arrival. " ' Longstreet and Jackson formed their line of battloin the shape of a blunt.V at Grove- ton on the 29th. Jackson was on the right arm of it, Longstreet on the left. The’disfig sition was a very advantageous one. commanded in person. Pops hud‘ordered McDowell and Fits John Porter to move forward toward .Gainesville on the morning of the 29th. They were at Bethlehem church, two miles away. ,Mc- Dowell, being the senior officer. took on him~ self the executiou of the joint order. He gave fIi’olldwr an order and pushed on to the battle. e . At this int begins the controversy which led to the istoric and interminable Fitz John' Porter case. McDowell understood his order to mean that Porter should take 'a certain road, where u lar bod of Confederates were seen udvau ng. “You put your force in here.” Porter testi- fied that he understood the order to be that he should stay where he was.‘ The battle of Groveton waxed hotter and hotter. Pope was still ignorant of the arrival of Longstreetin the afternoon But at 4:30 -, he sent an order to Fit: John Porter to, come up and 0 into action. Porter received it two hours terwurd. He did not. obe it. He considered that he could not move artil- lery, and that. besides, there were too many Confederates about thereto risk it. His son- tence for disobedience and the subsequent proceedings in reference to it are familiar to all newspa reMers. , . At 3 dc ock in the afternoon of the 29th occurred some of the most barbarous fightin known to modern times. Gen. Grover, o Hooker’s dwision. on the Confeder- ate left, commanded by A. P. Hill. It was a desperate charge. with bayonet and clubbed musket, against the Conflict-ate ranks, three hues deep. After ferocious fighting Grover was driven back. The man tion gave out among Hill’s men. They snatched up: the stones from piles that is about to be used on the railroad and hurl them against their foo. When the Union dead were afterward uthered up a considerable number were ound with their skulls broken. _ At other points all over the field the con- test was uully bloody. . The but only ceased at 9 o’clock at night. lfbo armies slept upon the field. be- _ llevcd he had defeated the Confederates. It Was a mistake, as the next, day proved. 0n ‘ Saturday, Aug. 00,. was fought the bloody battle which the Federals call the seo~ and battle of Run Run. The Confederates named itMunass‘as. “As they Won it, per- haps, they have the best right togivo its name,” writes Mr. John Codman Ropes. At the bottle of the althwas killed Fletcher - Webster. colonel of the Twelfth Massa- chusetts regiment, and only surviving child of Daniel Web- ster. lie was shot through the lungs at the head of his regi- ment and died in a few hours. Hisdeath government‘ offices during his life. He was 50 years old when con. man wsnsm he was killed. By the morning of Aug. 30 the last of Lee's forces had come up. dirt now had 60,000 men rewly for action. Pope had 40,000. At 8:30 on the night of the 29th Pope sent another order to Fitz John Porter to be present at daybreak with his corps. Ho obeyed this time, except two of his brigades, that miscon- strued orders and marched to Centreville and remained there all day. The rest took brave auras: finiteness. it reassemble battle aferro, confederate commanders, were both , Groveton, the third slid last, Manama. The . Gainesville, tho brigades of Gibbon and At Washington, meantime, all was polite . ,andig-nornnco. Hallbckjdidh‘ot‘k'nowifltero - (“no Whether: ,on; Pop“ army,_WflShi"gt0n or the Shendndc'mh know what the Federal. troops were about. > in New York 1819, ‘ at Alexandria, for horse feed and an quickoned to the extent of our capacity”, he words were: . MANASSAS, 0s SECOND BULL ._nuN.- many responsible I more were a roar or urtillery,h crush of musketi-y and exploding shells, the neighing of horses tho shouts of soldiers and then the groans of wounded and dying, till the waters of Bull Run ran with blood. Pose believed the Confederates werore- trout rig. and at noon ordered pursuit. A sudden discharge of artillery that shook the fioum told Leethat the bottle had begun. to ghting, it was a repetition of the day before. As to the end, it resulted in the de- fcut of Pope. Ilia soldiers were driven back across the east side of Bull Run and retreated to Ccntrevillo. There were, however in- stances of heroism that day which ave never been excelled. Heintnelmau’s corps was on the extreme Fedemlright'in this battle. Next to him come Reno. with two divisions of Burnside’a corps and nothigel’s corps. The left wing was most at right an tea to the right and in the rear. It consists of McDowell’s and Porter’s corps and Reynolds’ Pennsylvania re- serves. This was the order of fight on that disus- trous day for the Union troops: Butterfield’s brigademade a gallant advance, supported by ykes’ regulars At the some time Reno and Ileiiita-Iman attacked on the right. They Were joined afterward by Re olds. Here the Confederate left held by 32::ka was. Imigstroet, who went to his old, drove back the leemls with a fierce fire from two batteries, and then charged upon them. AsButterlieid advanced on the Union left the woods suddenly seemed alive with men in gray. Col. Warren with two regiments tried to hold the place Reynolds vaea when he went to t or right. He was over- whelmed b Confederates. The Federal troops foug t gnllantly, but, outnumbered two to encywhnt eoud they do? Porter’s corps went into that bloody fight with not quite 7,000 men. When it come out and drew back across Bull Run there were not 5.000 left; The centered, both armies suffered most. * ‘ In the fighting of Aug. 28', 29 and. 30, the Union troops lost 11,000 men. the Confeder- ates about 3,400. , ’ CHANTILLY, on ox HILL. The battle of Chantilly was fought on- Mon- day, Sept. 1, on a ridge called Ox Hfihneur ' the village of Chantilly. The Custodial-ans, therefore, call this fight the battle of 0x Hill, or Germantown. The ridge lies alittle north- east of Ceiitrevillo, whither the Federal troops had fled after the defeat at Madman, Aug. 80. . Jackson pursued the retreating puny toward Centrcvillc. Ile cram Bull Run at Sudiey’s ford the morning of the 3131:. Pope had been ire-enforced. by Sumiier’s and Franklin’s ex- cellent corps of McClelIan’s army. They had come up from Alexandria. Pope bad now 02,000 men. ' The afternoon of Sept. 1 the .two armies fought MO: Hill, in the midst of a storm which out thundered even the roar of cannon. Jackson had hoped to reach Fairfax Court ' House, in the rear of the Federal army, and cut off its communication with Washington. The battle was opened with an attack by Stuart’s Confederate cavalry. Firstthe Con- federates were. driven back. Then they,re- enforced, repulsed the Union troops belong- ing to Gen. Isuzu: I. Stevens’ division of Reno’s corps. In this action Gen. Stevens, n gallant officer, was killed. Gen. Phil Kearney dashed in to the aid of Stevens. He was riding. in front of his soldiers so far that ho had got outside of his own lines. It was growing dusk. Kearney asked of a soldier where a certain regiment was. The instant he did so he perceived it was a Confederate soldier. Ho goliope‘d away. But‘the soldier first! a bullet after himmid he fell. He died in a few minutes. The Confederates sent his body under a flag of truce to his own men next day. Thick darkness closed the combat on the field of Chantilly, where there was bloody fi htintr. but no victoryfor either side. he Union forces engaged in the battle of Ox Bill or. Chantilly were of the corps of Reno and Heintmlman. The Confederate troops were chiefly those of Stonewall J ack~ son, among theiu the veteran troops of Ewell, Early and A. P. Hi1 . Longstreet’s advance came up uboutthe time the battle was ended. Popes (puny suffered greatly for want of a supp uriug the three days fighting and immediately as ueut. His cavalry horses were fully up. On the first day of Seme 1' he wrote to Gen. Holleck: “There are not live horses to a company that can raise a trot.” In his omcial report, made afterward, he sa 5 that on the morning of Aug. 30 when t 9 W18 of Monussas was fought,liis troops had had little to eat for two days, his cavalry horses nothing at all, and had not been unsaddled for ten days. He . also complains bitterly of the want of loyalty to himse f umou the soldiers and officers of the Army of the otomac occasioned by their partisan. feeling for M Iellan, whom Pope ad partially superseded. Before the 30th Pope had sent to McClellan, _ plies for his cavalry Gen. McClellan sent Im back word that the supplies would be forthcoming g soon as Pope sent a cavalry escort for em. ‘ Gen. Pope says inhisre rt: “It was not until after I received this lgtoter that I began to feel discouraged auduesrl hopeles of on successful issue to ths'opernt ons with ivhic I was charged." In the night of Se t. l. immediater after the. battle of Chanti y, the Union army re- treated to Alexandria and the defenses about Washington; Lee pursued a few miles and then turned to new fields. ' At his own. guest, Gen. Pope went back west. Gen. M elian became again com. mander of the Amtizeof the Potomac, which included slsonow lawAl-my of Virginia. Famous Generals us Cadets. '3 , Charles Ward, a backmnu at‘th Point, has a fund of information about the military academy and some of the now famous gen- erals who were once cadets. A reporter visited West Point the other day and was driven through the grounds of the college by Ward. He appears to be 51 or 52 years old, is a large, broad shouldered fnan, 'vVith a full beard, streaked with gray, and an honest countenance. He was born in the town and has been there ever since. 7 “You knew them all, then—lee, Sheridan and Grant!” asked the reporter. “I knew the first two—that is, I saw them when a boy and remember how they looked and acted. Gen. Inc was captain of the post here in 1853, and my father used to sell him milk every day. I can remember how Gnu. Lee 'would' say, with a smile, to my father: ‘Now, I desire you to becareful. and not get . toomuch water in your milk. The milk you gave me the other day had it suspicious taste.’ He said it, though, in such it kindly, nice way -my father never tcok any offense. Capt. Lee was the most soidierly locking of any of the cadets. Why, air, when started to walk‘ on the parade ground or from one quarter to another he went as straight as u beo'line, and never looked back, it made no difference how much noise the other cadets made in his rear. He was straight, too, us an arrow, and not very stout. I shall never forgot him as he looked in those days.”—New York Mail and Exprem - Frequent excursions are now bein taken from various cities to the wonderfu caves of Luray, Va.’ ' No Cure-«No Pay.—A how departure in medical science! Fontainc’s Cure for Throat and Lung. diseases has cured after all other remedies failed. For sale by l. A. Meeker, 11 Main Street, Norwalk. West Point is pleasantly quiet, and not crowded._ The days have been hot but the nights cool . Any lady can obtain Mrs. L dia E. Piukham's pamphlet “Guideto ealt ," by sending a' stamp to Lynn, Mass, also a photograph of Mrs. Pinkham. ' The proposed new resort hotel on Look- out Mouutaiu, near Chattanooga, Tenn... will be built of wood and will cost 830,- Ask anyone who has a Mathushek piano how they like it. They will advise you to bu one. We can highly recommend it. gs . and see them at Loomis’ Temple of new. , A street car company has beenla ing tracks in the, principle streets of As ury Park, and the hackmen are in weeping. The reputation of the well known house of Sperry and Barnes, New Haven, Conn., extends all over the would, and all goods bearing their brand and trademark are uaranteed to have no equal. ' They are e largest manufacturers of Hams and pure Kettle Lard in New England. All of the. hotel proprietors along the New Jersey coast report that their busi- ness for July was far in excess of that of any previous year. , Sure and Speedy—T a bottle of “Digestylin” and you wil be convinced that It will positively cure Dyspepsia and Indigestion. It is stable and has tonic action. Sold by l Druggists, $1.00 per bottle, or Wm. F. Kidder &. Co., Mann- ‘ factoring Chemists, 88 John street, N. Y. There is a law firm in Baltimore with the sign ‘_'Dutch 8: French.” '; Absolut Iy Pure. This Powder never varies. A marvel of pure” strength and wholesomeness. More economic than the ordinary kinds, and cannot be sold in com- petition with the multitude of low test, shortf weight, silent or phosphate powders. Rent. BAKING Powosu 00.,106 Wall St.. N. Y. Hams, . . .. Shoulders. ' Breakfast Bacon, —-,-AND—— Sausage ARE GUARANTEED finer sass . m not MARKET Our KETTLE LARD is Strictly Pure and Free from all Adulteration. Look carefully for the Brand. 3 bearing our brand at ew Haven. , eras We manufacture all our packing house in intern it Barnes, New Haven, Conn; ‘ August Vacation, And hot weather is now in order, but whether at home or away at the seashore or in the country, don’t for- get that .. Fould's Wheat Germ Heal (the germ and gluten of wheat) is the best cereal food in the world for breakfast. Have it for the children for If they are fed on cake and ie - Tl‘iby’il have Dyspepsia by and by. A quart of boiling water, a cup fall of wheat germ meal and 10 minutes gives you a dish fit for a queen. Grocers sell it everywhere in 15 cent packages. Bums, Basso .k 00., Agents, Boston, Mass. Lessons IN FRENCH. MISS BAIRll’S INSTITUTE. Prof. LaLdnde, Wtdelyltnown as the director of the French Depart- ment of the Summer School of Languages at Chatauqua. wi'i. come twice a week to Miss Baird’s Institute to give Lessons in French. A limited numbei of upils outside of the school will be - admitted to t cse classes ‘ , For circulars and other iiiii'ormation apply to 188 N. ‘F. BAlRD. photograph or pencil sketch. iron-onsets on. LWoono.‘?i ' Sperry & Barnes" '1 GENERAL MARKET. ' Meat. Fish, Vegetables. are. LOCKWOOD Au ANDREWS. 'mam srnssr. All kinds of the best qualities of Meats, Fish, Clams, Vegetables, etc, are kept constantly on hand. and will be sold by us as low as can be pro- cured at any market in Norwaik. We intend to prove to our customers that we deserve their - patronsgeby fair and generous dealing. lyio LOCKWOOD A: ANDREWS. i when tvrsrsoni —-'l‘o come in and look over my stock of— Monuments HEADSTONES Before they buy anything of the kind. A selection can he made from them much better than from a Respectfully, P. W. Bates. 1.15 J. G. Gregory 8r Co. Desire to state that in addition to a full line of Drugs,.1’ropnetary Medicines and,Dru ggists’ . Sundries they are prepared to receive orders for ' snk,‘ Cotton ,or " Linen ELASTIC Hosn For varicose or enlarged veins. Warranted to 'fit, and at reduced rates. They also desire to state that they have accepted the agency of the New York Vaccine 00., and will keep a supply of . PURE BOVINE VACCINE VIRUS Constantly on hand. They have in stock Electric Batteries. which will he sold at close figures. The on also a full assortment of Keystone Writing aper tickets. DEBENTURE BONDS 6 o; o elitism ' neuron Ofilie New England Loan and Trust'Co. This is one of the oldest, most conservative and scccessful institutions dealing in such securities. Eleven years’ experience without a dollar of loss to investors. Each $100,000 of debentured is secured by $100 - 000 of mortg s, asst ed to and deposited with theFarmers’ u an Trust Co., New York. trus- tee}; I‘pterest payable at Bank of New Norir, Mortgages from best Corn-Producing regions of Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska and Missouri. For full information enquire of till 0. E. WILSON. 6 out 7 nor eent. Peron Mortgages —-os rus— Equltable liortgsge 60., Kansas City. Incorporated—Capital. $600,000. Principal and Interest Guaranteed. Security from three to six times the amount of loan. Coupon Bonds. Interest payable in New York. Also, 1y34 Six per cent. Debentnre Bonds of the Mlddlssex Banking Company, of » Mlddletown, Conn, . Organized under the banking laws of the State of Connecticut. Coupons payable in New York. R. B. CRAUFURD. Agent, 31 Main Street, Norwalk. W anted. Any person suffering from Piles. Fistula, 0r Fissure of the Rectum, to address the undersigned and learn of a perfect cure. No CURE, No PAY. DR. YARNALL, lyso. 150 E. soth Street, New York City, BLASCER’S ; TIME HONORED «oLn BRIDGE STORE.” sell me. depended upon— ' Nearly half a century ago my store was christened as above, and has since been known and honored among the old residents of N orwalk by that appropriate name. But: that is a. matter of little conseQuence to the public in these piping times of severe BUSINESS COMPETITION. The one important question to purchasers is where can we get the Best Goods for the Least Money“! From time totime the report comcsto me that some of my near neighbors have boasted that they could under- N 0 One who has ever tested the truth of such a claim by coming and examining my carefully selected and UNEXOEL’LED STOCK OF GOODS and the extremely low prices at which I offer the same ‘ has ever left “ The Old Bridge Store,” With any other feeling than that no one in the trade can or does offer greater. inducements to cash customers than ,I do. I have the choicest exhibits of ’ . AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN GROGKERY 8t GLASSWARES. Also about every conceivable device for Table Furnishing, Mantel Decoration, with House Cleaning and Cooking Implements of every description. examine and be convinced that my statements are strict- lv true as to my carefully selected stock of the nineteen [tortures aunt Varieties of tools In my line are ' Sold at the newest Possible Prices, We strive to strictly atténd to our own business. We never run down or misrepresent other dealers, and we ask simply a. chance to show our customers our stock and let them satisfy themselves; but one thing may be Call and NO OTHER CONCERN SHALL UNDERSELL ME I The times, the times, the age, the age— The “Old Bridge Store” is all the rage; Tell-0f the town or city, Where they keep’ Such goods at once so rich and yet so cheap! For of all cheap stores beneath the sun, B. S. Brascnn’s is the cheapest one! ‘ ' B. S. BLASCER. Norwalk, April 4th, 1887*. EVENING. The songoes down behind the-purple”: ‘- ‘: The gray clouds float across, _ the crimson ,west: Shadowie‘ss. shapeless and in slow unrest, ' Across the west they mani- silentlyw . . The night, in soiemnstote and,.ma1esty, -. L - ' Is throned behind the eastern ocean's breast. Wrapped likeaneagieiuasecretnest, .- --< Waiting the hour when his strong wings are free. The evening smiles—a smile of dying hopes ' A host of silver may come with the fright, 0r thundors of the writhing skymay ope , And wake the sleepingeurthuagain to fight. Which shall it be? 0. prophett‘can'thy scope Find Deiphic warnings in you dying lightf. , , . —W—. J. Henderson. - THE CABLES or THE worn-.0. ‘ An Interesting Map of; ‘ the, ' Principal Linesof Telegraphic Communication. I have a chart 13nd by thébydrogrn hie office of the United States any; In whic’lrare shown the submarine cable‘s- of the worm, with the sea coast stations and the principal connecting' land, lines. It ,is an interesting map to any one, ‘aud I’ve .no dodbt of greu' . t value to many. ' In fact,’ I' should 'imsg'iné'it would make-onset _' most impot‘tan‘ -' ' ticbarts‘ ' ' that a mariner, . 4 ,vejn his ecqllectlon.’ Besidessho mw‘gothanwp 1 table ofintern“ . ’1 :. givenl"'rhc conversation tow- ~ 155in "it listener, you maybe sure,"', . . ”roam'fre’shin: vestigation of my. Chart-e” Let us take a glauceut ittogetherff ' ’ ' ‘1” ,‘ ‘ The United Staté‘,’ offibourse, is 'well ribbed with wires, throellnes'of‘i'whlehstrefclf from the Atlantic to the Pacific couches 9t, least practically so. Then there ale-tworuiining from the extreme north tothe'Gu'lf, while another skiftsthe “Pacific-coast; Mexico has " " a number of lines; while-Jule Wét Indies ap- pear to lack nothing ln-this respect. , Both coasts of South America as far down its Puta- gonin have telegraphic cominunicatfon with 'tho rest of the world, while running into Brazil from Lisbon, Portugal, there fsa pair. of submarine-cables Did you know.tliere were as many as ten cables connecting th'én'éiv and the old Worlds? They' don’t n'm directly across, either.“ The couple which bring St; Pierre, on this side, and Brest, France, together sweep down as far south as the lati. tude of New York. Of course you under- stand that in laying submarine cables the bed of the ocean is flrst'carefully considered. Europe is crowed and recroscd, while from St. Petersburg clear across to' the Pacific coast extends a lonely line of wire. Siberia is as 'bare of poles and-wire as the average .old gentleman‘s head is of hair. So'ls the greater portion of northern and western Russia, the whole of interior China and Africa, British America and Alaska, and,‘of course, Greenlimd and Iceland Australia has several lines of wire running its length, one of which. comes clear from the'north, where the cable from British India emerges from is watery bed, down to Tasmania Suppose, now, a California merchant wants to telegraph a correspmxdont in New Zealand. That Isn’t so far, geographically speaking, but from a telegraphic point of view it is. far in the distance. The California man would send his message something, like this: He would start it across the continent, where it would take a. journey under water, be flushed through Europe, again under water in the Mediterranean sea, through the Suez canal, across lndia,,under the Bay of Bengal,.tho Java sea, a piece of the Indian ocean and finally to the operator at Palmerston, Aus- tralia. He wouidstsrt it ocros that conti- nental island to Sydney, where it would take another bath, this time in the Pacificocean. and finally it would be delivered to the man to whom it was addressed. The message on which Preller’s murderer, Maxwell, was a - . prehended, took something like this route from St. Louis. You remember he had taken steamer from California to New Maud.— “Observer” in Philadelphia Call. “Curfew Must Not Ring 'l‘o-Niglit." In the spring of 1867 one of: our neighbors loaned me several copies of Peterson’s maga- zine. In the September, number for 1865 I readthe story of Bessie and her lover. ,It was related as a historical fact, and the pathetic story wrought upon my Susceptible mind to such an extent that later in the day, when applying myself to my school lessons, the thoughtof brave Basie iiitrudedand worked disastrous havoc to the mathematical problem on my slate. The figures becomes. confused, unintelligible jumble of meaningless chaise tars, but clearly and distinctly before my mental vision arose these words: “Curfew _must not ring tonight.” Again and again 'I resolutely banished them, but they re- turned pcrsistently, until , in , sheer: despera- tion I swept the exasperating figurs from my slate and wrote “England‘s sun was slowly setting. etc.” Rapidly flew my pencil with sharp, regular clicks down the Surface of my slate, but faster the thoughtscaine crowding into my throbbing brain, while all my being seemed on fire with the triumph. of impulse over duty. Which was duty? The unlearned lesson or the completed poem? ' I was cen- scious smitten when my, mother looked: in at the doorto inform me that it young friend had called. “‘01:, mother,” ' I cried, “please excuse me for a few moments, I- must finish this,” and she thinking Iden're‘d to complete my lesson (for I still . held the arithmetic in my hand), excused me to, my friend for a few moments. With my head on her knee I after- ward confes'sed my fault.‘—Rose lHu'rtw‘lck Thorpe in Courier-Journal. . ' , Mining in tlIe Akctfo Regions. It may not: be generally known that ini- portant mining operations are ‘ carried on Withinthe-Arctic circle. - Cryolifn is brought from Greenland to Philadelphia by the ship- ioadtobeusedinthemhkingofcandles. At Alton, near the North cape in' Fin'niark, ex- tensive copper mines have been worked for a long time. - -‘ ' — When it is remembered that most of the work has to be done under ground, and that heat is what the workmen’sufler most 'from, it becomes apparent at once that minis may be ahnost as profitable in these high latitudes us they would be on -our coast. The main thing istohave communicationopen once a year for bringing supplies and carrying away the ores , An engineer who visited the mines at Alton a few years ago, to study the' condition in which they were worked, found thatlthe cli- mate interposed no obstacle. The _mines, when fairly deep. are warmer in winter than in summer. , - In such work as has to be done above ground. there is scarcely , any interruption. During the three dark months, when the sun does not shine, there is no. lack of light to the . eye accustomed to the conditions. The sky is clear and starry, the aurora is playing most of the time, and whatever light there is the reflection from the snow increases and intensities j More than 150 years ago mining was car- ried on extensively about the shores of the White sea by Saxon workmen. Silver, cop- per und lead were produced in quantities. Now that the whale fishery has declined, mining enterprise seems most likely of any‘ thing to promote exploration and settlement within the Arctic circie'—Youth’s Compan- ion. ' Danger from Lightning in Germany. While danger from lightning appears to have been increasing in most parts of Ger- many during recent years, Dr. Hellman finds the reverse to be the case in Schleswig—Hol- stein, Baden and Hesse. Four factors affect the lightning danger to buildings—tho an- equal frequency of storms, the, geological character of the soil,'the variability of popu- lation and the mode of building. Calling the danger on lime 1, that for sand is 0, while for loam it is 22. Moisture of the ground adds to the liability of damage, marshy dis- tricts being most dangerous. With like con— ditions, the relative danger deer-ems the more houses are grouped together, this influ- - once being conspicuous in Baden, where the lightning strokes have varied with locality from 24 to 265 per million houses; Buildings with hard roofs are safest, the liability, of such houses to be struck being 1, those with soft roofs '7, church towers 39, and windmills 52. In the fifteen years, 1869-83, there were killed by lightning for every 1,000,000 men, in Prussia, 4.4; in Baden, 3.8; in France, 3.1; and in Sweden, 3.~—-Arkansaw Traveler. Au Orguinette on a, Yacht. “Talk about your oddities,” said a gentle- man, “I saw one the other day that made me smile. Mr. John Randell, as you know. has a splendid steam yacht, the Solarll‘ip. It. is fitted up handsomely, but what [want to tell you about is an orguinette. it plays several airs, but: the way it is made: to do so is the odd part of it. Mr. Mundell- has attached the crank of the machine to the. running gear of the engine of the yacht, and the result is, when he wants music he pulls a lever, and there you nre.”-.—Plnlad' elphia Call. A Big New York Restaurant. There is u cheii'p restaurant in New York that feeds 8,000 people adayl It is never closed. night not day, and has three different relays of waiters, cooks, cleaners, cashiers and other bands. It - is not noted in the city. but is famous in all the country towns. and villages in this state, New JerseyuulCom necticut, which are its chief source of patron- age. How many reservoirs of soup and how many tons of beef it consumes daily are mut- tars for .the consideration of- metropolitan correspo’ ndents afacouutrynewspapsra. : But the figures are astounding undulatsrsstm' g without sensattonol‘ .. elation“. — Good Housekeepina- ..-_.. ..__
Norwalk Chronicler