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'iis'i‘eii-EICAL sERMiib’.
Following is
whom tlle manuscripts were furnished
and in whose issue of Saturday the sermon
was published :—
“Shy ilot thou, What. is the cause that the former
days were better than these? for thou dost not
enquire wisely concerning ihis."—Eccl. 7:10.
Tcmpcramcnts in men become tenden-
cies in history. There are a few general
characteristics of the mental and moral
life of individuals which promote or
hinder the growth of intelligence and
moral character. These same qualities
in a collection of individuals promote or
hinder historic progress, and the welfare
of entire races. Tile several varieties of
temperament which the classifications of
philosophers furnish arc the sanguine, the
sentimental, the choleric, and the phleg—
inatic. The philosophical meaning, and
the popular do not always agree. Hence
my own meaning in thcuse of these terms
needs explanation. The sanguine tem-
pcramcnt is the joyful, the hopeful and is
with rare exceptions, the common pos—
session of childhood. The sentimental
temperament is a general tendency to
surrender to humours, to feelings, and to
entertain them more than facts and
occasions warrant. All the temperaments
may belong to any period of life and are
subject to change at any time, but the
sentimental is most characteristic of youth.
The cholcric is that which is characterized
by a comparatively small degree of
feeling, unrcccptivcncss to that which
lies outside of the paths of routine and
custom. It is the average possession
of maturity. The phlegmatic tempera-
ment is the calm, the steady, and shows
itself in a lack of susceptibility to ever-
changing impressions, but is an advance
on the narrovvncss and prejudice of the
choleric temperament. As such it should
be the possession of old age. Tempera-
ment therefore is a diminutive word, the
evidence of limitations to the human
mind and character. It reveals that not
‘ the full idea of a man is realized in each of
us, but the fractional idea. A complete
life, a well rounded character, at all
stages of its growth would be harmonious
with itself, with nature, and with God.
Men become known as radical, progress-
ive, or conservative, not as the impartial,
free, absolute seekch for truth. Tllc
unity of individual being should at all
times be perfectly realized, and the con-
sistency between mind and facts, thought
and reality, truth and events be perfectly
maintained. For the want of such
fulness and harmony of life in the
individual, we collect the thoughts of
the multitudes, make the necessary rc-
jections and exclusions, which imperfect
observation, or partiality of thought and
feeling occasions, and slowly arrive at
truth, or the best possible approximation
to it under the existing conditions. Hence
also, we see in history certain well defined
tendencies.
“What you the spirit of the ages call
In nothing but the spirit of you all,
Whercin the ages are reflected."
The progress of history is not in straight
_ lines, but in spiral, indirect, retreating,
advancing, and interlacing courses.
Theodore Parker compared human pro.‘
gress to the flight of wild fowl. Round
and forward, backward and aslant, but
in the main toward a nobler goal, and a
desired curb—thus the ages march, the
generations, the races, the social classes,
thus advance the mental, moral and
spiritual developments of such individ-
uals as obey ever the laws of their being.
Room enough is furnished for a difference
of opinion, and for toleration of opinion.
Demand for a difference and for toleration
is created and becomes a necessity: But
the sum of the most intelligent, most
judicial, most trustworthy opinion is that
progress is- made, progress which after all
is beyond controversy, the proofs of which
lie open to common observation, and are
found along all the historic highways.
My object as the historian of our Jubilee
is to furnish some of the facts and truths
which prove that material, political, moral,
and religious progress has been made
during the past Fifty Years. Our
difficulties are increased by the fact that
there is no agreement as to the meaning
of the word progress. Sir Henry Maine,
one of the leading students of the philos-
ophy of history, says that he has never
seen any definition of it. that it seems to
have “all sorts Of meanings, many of
them extraordinary.” It is applied to
aimless movement, to the passion for
change, to movement backwards, to
new returns to old ideas and states.
Under all these circumstances, let us do
the best we' can to be accurate and fair,
and to ascertain with exactness
“Tim CHARACTERISTICS or OUR TIMES.”
The first which deserves particular no-
tice is:
Fins-r CBARACTERISTIC.—--The progress
of liberty, seen in the rise of democracies
and the fall of monarchies.
Constitutional Monarchy was the ideal of
government in the last century.
Since 1815, and especially since 1830,
popular government has been introduced
into nearly the whole of Continental
Europe and into all of America, North,
South,Central and Spanish. Anew political
theory has been making its way among
all the civilized societies of the West. A
large body of new facts has been estab-
.ished in nearly all of the civilized world.
Republics have gained and are gaining.
Unparalleled modifications of the 01d con-
stitutions have been made, even when
there has not been total change. Political
Democracies are the societies in which
the several members have equal rights
and liberties, equal participation, direct
or delegated, in the government. They
are based upon popular sovereignty, uni-
versal suffrage. There are two such
. democracies in Europe, the Swiss and the
French. England, Spain, Portugal and
Italy are mixed democracies. The Rus-
sian Empire is almost an anomaly to-day
among the forms of government peculiar
to current, advanced civilization, and is
face to face with the crisis of her conver-
sion into a modern state. The Reform
Bill and movement of 1832, in England,
were the beginnings of an ever-increasing
enlargement of popular suffrage, and the
empire has been born again smce that
time, so that the pronunciamento of the
sovereign is now received not as the royal
will, but as the creed of a party, the
utterance of an administration, the Prime
Minister, the Cabinet, and their adherents
throughout the country. Changes of.the
gravest character are new impending,
political, social, religious, affecting the
church, the thronc,’the upper and lower
classes, the ownership of land, Home
Rule in Ireland, and the form of govern-
ment. Onc writer says:
The child now lives who will see every
English-speaking community living under
ins itutions founded upon the cxtrcmest view
of the rights of man, as formulated in our
Declaration of Independence. without a vestige
of privilege from birth, without king or aristo-
cracy, without united church and state, With-
out great standing armies, unhampered by
primogeniture and entail, with equal electoral
privileges and equal districts. ‘
In France the eXIsting government,
clothed with all the powers of national
sovereignty, was overturned- by the mob
of Paris in 1830 and in 1848: The latter
revolution was a great surprise. A mili-
tary revolution, under the younger Bona-
parte, occurred December 2, 1851.
Germans overturned the Freuchgovern-
ment in 1870, their invasion haying been
revoked byFrench aggression,en couraged
By the majority of the people. Since the
French revolution, except the period from
1870 to 1886, France has had forty-four
years of liberty and thirty-seven of severe
dictatorship. The republic has now lasted
sixteen years. Five years may decide
whether FranCe shall abandon Republican
government, and whether Spain shall
assume it. How great the progress from
the time when'LOnis the XIV was saying:
"The state—it is Ii"
resources,
leadership of Protestant Prussia.
increased.
the mob took part.
istration.
Portugal, of late,
military insurrection.
a modern career by
the historical sermon
preached by Rev. Mr. Ross at the cclc,
bratlon of the fiftieth anniversary of the
South Norwalk Congregational church,
last week, for which we are indebted to
the courtesy of the Sentinel editors, to
The.
The real beginning
of, parliamentary government in Germany
and the Austrian dominious datesfrom
1848. Through the agency of the military
created by political powers,
Germany has become unified under I?
s
military and moral power has greatly
' A readiness for self-sacrifice,
due to love for the German Fatherland,
secured its success.. From 1845 to 1854,
and, from 1857 to 1866, there was com-
parative but not total freedom from
military insurrection in Spain. From 1812
to the death of King Alfonso, there were
40 military uprisings, in most of which
Nine of them either
overthrew the constitution-for the time
being or reversed its principles of admin-
Alfonso was placed on the
throne through a military pronunciamento;
at the end Of 1874, and his personal
wisdom and royal statesmanship kept him
there until his death a few months ago.
has been free from
Italy is ready for
means of national
unity and life and constitutional liberty.
Our own country is no longer an expi ri-
ment in government. Dr. Storrs, at the
last meeting of the American BoarJ, said:
“I doubt if another example can be
found of the power of the gospel,
exerted through years and on a
large scale, more signal than the
influence it has gained over an energetic
and daring democracy, which has counted
it no task to conquer a continent, and
which today confronts the world, with
its veins full of blood, and its temper
. instinctively hating control.”
How much this means we can realize
only by remembering that since 1830 over
11,000,000 of foreigners have settled
among us, that then the West was beyond
the Hudson River, and in Northern hi0,
that in 1833 the first. congregation of white
men was assembled at a fort, which has
broadened into the present city of Chica-
go, and that its pastor’s marest ministerial
neighbor was 150 miles away. The states
west of the Mississippi, which are rapidly
becoming predominant in our national
life, were then the hunting grounds of
Indians, and the homes of wild beasts.
The following table is significant :
DATE or
STATE" ADMISSION.
Arkansas ............... . .......... 1836
Michigan. ‘ "
Florida . . .
Texas ............................. 184':
Iowa ............................... 1846
Wisconsin ..................... .Is-is
California. . . .1850
Minnesota 1858
Oregon . 1859
Kansas. . .1861
West Virg .1863
Nevada ..... . . . .1864
Nebraska .......................... 1867
Colorado ........................... 13m
Castellar, the Spanish statesman says:
“Before our century ends, the great rev-
olutions of America and France will have
givc'n all their fruits to Christianity,
founding glorious amphictyons of free
peoples and nations in the Old world as
well as in the New. The final triumph of
universal democracy is already as fully
assured us if its blazing track ill the
pathway of history had already swept into
full possession of the. hopes, sympathies,
and institutions of the nation.”
Even in democracies. there are unsettled
problems of government—what overn—
mc‘nt should reckon among its duties, and
what should be left to the voluntary action
of its subjects. Hence the continued
discussion in this country of free educa-
tion, the political rights of denominations,
the question Of exemption of religious
properties from taxation, the grants from
the public treasurics to institutions under
religious control. Hence also the dreams
of communism and socialism, which show
that social evils still exist, against which
the sufferers are making loud protests and
for which they are proposing impracticable
rcmcdics.
Tun MODERN NEWSPAPER.
The principal agencyin giving direction
to these tendencies, and to some extent
in creating them, has been the popular
newspaper. It has diffused information,
and been the agency for the expression of
the popular ju gnient. Hence it has been
~thc object of hatred by emperors, kings,
regents. prime ministers of monarchical
governments, and conspirators for the
prolongation of despotism and the over-
throw of liberty. English law has stamped
it, as a means of restraining freedom and
courage in the discussion Of public affairs,
and of making it a luxury which the
people as a whole could not afford.
Napoleon demanded its suppression in
England for its criticism of occurrences
in France. It helps to diminish stgnding
armies. It secures the amelioration of ad-
mitted evils. Its latest attack on English
vice made Parliament hasten and settle
long neglected but much needed legisla-
tion. In our own country, within a few
months, it has compelled the withdrawal
by the highest authorities of nominations
to office which proved to be unfit. It is-
tlie popular forum where all find or may
find a hearing under the conditions of
personal freedom, and without the risks
of a revengeful injustice. It is becoming
cheaper and cheaper, with the danger
always of becoming poorer and poorer in
quality,-—and .on the other hand the
probable advantage of getting richer in
advertisements and revenues. The penny
papermay yctbe the best paper, and there
is still abundant room for extending its
circulation to multitudes who can not buy
a daily as a part of their common luqu
ies. . Reckless journalism has already
been partly redeemed, and the highest
forms" of it compress at times whole
libraries of news, history, fiction, poetry,
literary criticism, editorial judgments,
foreign correspondence, personal inter-
views and statements, financial facts and
theories, and religious proceedings and
movements. Some of its vices have been
caricatured by a news-writer who suggests
that a journalistic bureau be opened for
receiving old clothes and dirty linen, and
compensating those who retail scandalous
tales, mock representations of life, scraps
from private letters, bits of over-heard
conversation, odds and ends of untrust-
worthy statements. .
How well its advertisements would read:
“Ladies and gentlemen wishing to
dispose of their old opinions, sentiments,
feelings, and so forth, and also of the
more interesting facts in their personal
history,.can obtain good prices for the
same at No. -— Tittle-tattle street. Inquire
at the door marked ‘chular and Special
Correspondence.
“N. B.-Persons willing to be reported
verbatim will receive especial considera-
tion.” ,
SECOND CHARACTERISTIC.~—Tlle second
characteristic of our times, to which
attention may be called is, immense pro-
gress in the knowledge and uses of nature;
of physical science, human inventions,
and the material comfort of all classes of
society. Such progress is one of the tests
of civilization. Justin McCarthy says:
“A,man of the present day suddenly
thrust back 50 years in life would find
himself almost as awkwardly unsuited to
the ways of that time as if he were sent
back to the age when the Romans occu-
pied Britain." Science, properly so-called
is a creation of modern times. Nature
has been discovered in our day. Organic
chemistry is not more than two genera-
tions old. The reign of Queen Victoria,
the jubilee of which occurs next year,
covers substantially all of the great
scientific, mechanical, inventive, appli-
ances which are the essentials of our
daily business. The theory of evolution
has been propounded, accepted as a
working hypothesis by a majority of
physicists, and when, if ever, it passes
beyondahypotliesis to ademonstration,
we need not fear that God and the Bible
and the church will suffer depreciation or
extinction. Already the receivers and the
opponents of the theory agree in_tli_i_s, the
if true it will magnify our noblest ideas
of God. .
Alfred Wallace, an English naturalist,
of original mind, and special ardor and
intelligence as an independent investiga-
tomsays that Darwin “has given us new
conceptions of the world of life,.anda
theory which is itself a powerful Instru-
ment of research ; has shown us how to
combine into one consistent whole the
facts accumulated by all,thc separate
classes of workci's,‘and has thereby revo-
lutionized the whole study of nature.”
Grant Allen, the biographer of Darwin,
says that “the application of the evolu-
tionary principle to the world of life,
human or animal, presents itself as the
chief philosophic and scientific achieve-
ment of the 19th century. The impetus
which he gave gained us at least 50 years
of pro rose.”
The ev. Edward Hungerford, in the
Century Magazine for the present month,’
says: “The whole drift of science for the
last. 30 or 40 years has been toward a
spiritual unity." That isexactly the drift
of the entire contents of revelation, of
Judaism, Christianity, and the nature of
man. We can ask no more of science,
ancient or modern. The correlation of
physical forces and the conservation of
energy, or the truth that the sum Of the
forces of nature is a constant quantity,
subject to constant and innumerable
changes of the elements and of organic
bodies, has been conclusively proved.
Spectrum analysis has furnished new
knowledge of the heavenly bodies. _Iu-
numerablc applications of seleutlfic
knowledge to practical life have been
made;. for example, in photography
the locomotive— engine, the electric
telegraph, the spectroscopc, the elec-
tric light and the telephone. The
first news ever transmitted by telegraph in
America was the report of‘the election of
James K. Polk as president of the United
fates. .It was sent on the new line,
which had just been completed by Prof.
Morse, between Washington and Balti-
more, in 1844. In 1882, the news of the
bombardment of Alexandria, Egypt, was
received in Londou, a few minutes after
the throwing of the first shell. President
Hopkins, of Williams College, who was34
years of age when our church was orga—
nized says: “I remember the first steam-
boat and railroad and power press, the first
photograph and spectroscope, thcfirst
telegraph and telephone, and heard the
first whisper, and it was butawhisper,
of the first Atlantic cable. I remem-
o
bet the first spinning jenny, the firs:
mowing machine and sewing machine
and reaper. All these I have seen so
extended and applied as to increase the
capabilities of the race many fold and to
make of the world that then was, quite a
new world." Steam has been applied to
travel, commerce, manufactures, and
printing. Thirty-five years ago, petrol-
eum was known only for its medicinal
virtues. It was Iiscd for sprains, rheu.
Inatism and sores on horses, but to-day it
is one of our great staple, domestic pro-
ducts, and the fourth article infvalnc of.
Oilr exports, and crude oil is worth only
two and allalt' cents a gallon. Natural gas
and western New York, and it is believed
that the sources of supply will never be
exhausted during the present generation.
Phosphorus matches were introduced in
England in 1833, and the estimate has
been made th t thclucifcr match now used
represents a oncy value of $130,000,000
annually by its economy of the time of the
English people alone. Douglas Jerrold
says that there are those who have no
taste for the new moon, out of respect for
the venerable old ‘moon, and there are a
few ancients (old fogics)in London who
stick to the tinder box, and a few small
shops keep a supply of boxes for them.
They spend 90 hours yearly in the produc-
tion of light while the users of lucifer
matches spend 12 hours. They are fair
specimens of those conservatists and reac-
tionists who, through sheer Stupidity and
wilfulness, retard progress—the English-
men who arrcsted all improvement in
Great Britain for 30 years,.merely because
the French Revolution had its terrible
events and bitter disappointments, the
Hindoos who engaged in the Sepoy mutiny
of 1857 owing to a prejudice against
a greased cartridge, the ancient Greeks
and Barbarians who dctested each other
because of a mutual dislike of differences
in speech, the farmers who Opposed rail-
roads, and preferred turnpike roads and
canals as a means of communication, the
church members who fought the intro-
duction of the organ and other instru-
mental music, who refused coal-burning
heaters that they might retain their small,
inconvenient foot—stoves,.who are still
horrified at the introduction of the
methods which great leaders and great
organizations have demonstrated to be
necessary and successful. Sir Henry
Maine says: “The intense conservatism
Of much the largest part of mankind is
attested by quite as much evidence as is,
the pride of certain nations in railways,
electric telegraphs, or democratic
government *. * In some of the
great cities of Europe something like real
genius has been called into activity, and
countless experiments are tried, in order
that something may be devised which is
new, and yet shall not shock the strong
attachment for the old."
INTHE RURAL Disrmors wagons were not
used until about 1810. The - stage—coach
and the slow coach are now synonymous
terms, but fast riding was made for those
times when a resident in this locality re-
quired three days to do any business in
New York city. The pony express was
by swift relays of men and horses, but the
mail train now makes as many miles in an
hour. as the ponies made in a day. Fifty
years ago a merchant waited .many
months to obtain‘ returns on his invest-
ments; now a manufacturer may sell his
goods before they are made, and make a
heavy discount if he sells for cash. Then
a ship sailing forChina was gone atwclvc-
month, but now the Suez Canal, and the
railroad to the Pacific, and trans-Oceanic
steamships make China nearer Boston
than Northern Vermont or New Hamp-
shire was at that time. Then to travel
was to encounter danger, and people who
were going a few hundred miles by land
or sea sent up written notes for the prayers
Of the church. What was true piety then
would be the mcrcst cunt and Pharisaism
now. In 1846 Dr. Atkinson, a Congrega-
tional home missionary occupied 8 months
in going from New England to Oregon.
A few years ago he returned in 6 days.
Tnu FACTORY SYSTEM has made an in-
dustrial revolution, displacing domestic
and invidual labor, and the apprentice
system.
The modern artisan is a . specialist.
His predecessor covered a wide range of
industrial knowledge, but at a loss of
time and skill. The former system created
intimate relations between employers and
employed. The present system isolates
the two, and for that reason alone, tends
to alienate them. The intervening clerk,
' or foreman, is often more of a boss than
the real employer. Formerly workmen,
and especially unmarried men, boarded
with their employers, nlcn with families
lived in tenements owned by their em-
ployers, and the rental was part of their
wages. The daughters of American
farmers and merchants formed a large
part of the operatives. The hours of labor
in nearly all industries were measured by
the sun, from sunrise to sunset constitut-
ing the working day. In 1824 the subject
of shorter hours was agitated. In 1840
shorter hours were adopted to alimited
extent. Between 1840 and 1850, 10 hours
became a legal day’s labor in the leading
mechanic trades. The agitation now is
for 8 hours. The new system has reduced
working time from 12 to 24.per cent.
The rubber industry arose soon after 1830,
and in its various branches is now of
considerable importance. The sewing
machine belongs to the decade following
1840;it— gave new cmploymcnt,ahd a greater
variety in ward—robes. The average early
shoemaker could earn about $1.00 by 12
hours labor. Shoe machinery was intro-
‘ duced about 1860, andthe industry in 1880
employed 133,819 persons, of whom 29,798
were females and children. The wages
of shoemakers and the productive capaci-
ty of operatives have been increased,
working time has been diminished, and
the surroundings of workmen improved.
Between 1831 and 1880 the wages of all
classes of cotton mill operatives in New
England increased 115 per cent.
In 1830 the number of the world’s
spindles in textile manufactures was about
11,000,000, in 1880 the number was‘70,-
000,000. The weavers of the present day,
.when they were boys, could throw the
shuttle ten or twelve times a minute; the
existing looms throw it 240 times a minute,
or four times a second. A pound of cot-
ton has been made into a thread reaching
1,061 miles, or a greater distance than
from Boston to Chicago. From 1850 to
1880 the wealth of the country increased
400 per cent-., and was chiefly acquired by
great financiers, speculators, railroad man-
agers and merchants. An audience sup-
posed to represent $400,000,000 assembled
at the recent mission services in Trinity
church, New York. In the same thirty
years the wages of the day laborer in
creased 30 per cent. Forty or fifty years
ago, in England and America, a commer-
cial millionaire was a phenomenon, much
talked of as something altogether excep-
tional and portentous. To-day millionaires
are numerous. ‘
In 1850 the average of wages in ' all in.
dustrics in the United States was $247.11;
in 1880 it was $346.91. In 1850, 51 per
cent. of the net product was paid as wages.
and in 1880, 48.1 per cent. The rate of'
wages does not concern the working-
man so much as the real wages, their pur-
chasing powcr at a given period. During
the century, boots,shoes, calicoes,’cambric,
cotton cloth, shirtings, sheetings, flannels,
dry and dress, oods, show an almost con_-
stant decline. and preparations and staple
groceries have declined. A few articles
remain nearly stationary. Flour, fish and
meats have risen in price. The increase
in prices in the main has not been so great
as the increase in wages. Capital and
labor share and share alike in the free
schools, the free library, well-lighted
streets, and public water supplies. The
laborers possess improved tenements.
Few of these things were open to laborers
from 1800 to 1830.
00]. Carroll D. Wright, honored alike
by Massachusetts and by the nation as a
statistician and known for his justice alike
to capital and labor, says: “The house-
hold comforts and conveniences possessed
by the workingmcn to-day are so far be-
yond what the workingmcn had in the
first quarter of the century that the differ-
encc in scale of living between the em-
ployer class and the laborer of the early
period was far less than that between the
workman of today and his predecessor.
* * * The wants of man constantly
tend to exceed the fulfillment of his desires,
and thus there will always be a labor ques-
tion while human natt'ire remains.”
THIRD CHARACTERISTIO.——A third char-
acteristic of our times is the promotion of
olitical, social and moral reforms. One
istorian says: “Only in most recent
times has society undertaken to make life
easier to'the lowly.” The reforms include
the—vast increase of charitable means and
beneficent exertions, the reduction of the
hours of labor, the imposition of limits to
the employment of women and children,
the increase of attention to the sanitary
condition of factories, homes and streets,
the multiplication of the forms of-charity,
the reduction of the dangers of indiscrim-
inate and- injurious benevolence, the
transfer of the poor of the great cities to ag-
:cultural conditions, and to the health
:corts in Summer and Winter, the aboli-
is used in many cities ill I’cunsylvania,‘
tion of slave not only in our own land
but in all lan s, the cessation of dueling,
. the mitigation by all egal and moral pro-
cesses of the evils of intemperancc, the
advancement of the social dignity and
legal and personal rights of women, the
reformation of criminals during their con-
finelncnt, and the endeavor to restore
them to an honest means of living and re-
spectablc position in society, the extension
of relief to cities ruined or crippled by
fire, or floods, or wind, or famine, the
purification of the Civil Servicc by open-
ing it freely to ' all classes, testing' them
only by capacity and character, and fill.
filmcnt of duties. In Ireland between
1827 and 1880 there were 11 famincs, and
an immense loss of life, and a great re.
duction of vigorous health owing to innu—
trition, but the Irish of this country join-
ed by many -Americuns sent large
sums of money to the sufferers, both na-
tionalities losing their sense of nationality
in the larger conception of human brother—
hood. In England, sincc 1860, there have
been established no less than sixty distinct
associations for the relief of temporary
distress, besides new Reformatories,‘In-
dustrial Schools, Training Ships, and
Children’s Homes; 15 societies for the
relief of convicts and penitents ; ‘12 for aid-
ing servants out of work, besides 25
associations or individuals who have
provided improved dwellings for the poor.
Vars still prevail, but arbitration has be-
gun its history as a remedy for interna—
tional disagreements. Inventive faculties
are largely given to the arts of destruction,
—guns and bombs and parcels Of dynas
mite. The standing armies and navies of
Europe are estimated at 3,683,706 men.
During the last twenty-five years there
has becn_a continued series of wars ;—
Civil war in America from 1861 to 1865,
the New Zealand war, in 1865, the Abys-
sinnian war of 1867; the great Franco-
Prussian war of 1871-2, the Ashautce war
in 1875, the terrible Russo-Turkish war of
1878, the Transvaal,'Zulu and other South
African wars of 1879-80, the Afghan war
of 1881, the Egyptian war of 1883, and
the Soudau war of 1884-5. Alfred Wal-
lace, an Englishman, refering to his own
country, says: “The only case in which
a foreign war would be morally justifiable
would be that in which we give assistance
to a people struggling for freedom or to a
week nation when unjustly attacked by a
more powerful one, yet, as a matter of
fact, we never make war in so good a
cause.” The annual expenditures of the
six great European powers increased from
an aggregate of 1,725,000,000 yearly in
1870, to an aggregate of 3,060,000,000
yearly, in 1884. General McClellan, to
the day of his death, believed that there
is such a probabilty of strained relations
between the United States and other
countries as to make it incumbent upon us
to-maintain a certain state of preparation
for war. The war system is especially an
injury to the masses of the people, to
wage-laborers, and it is doubtful whether
patriotism will be a sufiicent motive much
longer in different nations to induce any-
thing but internal rebellion against unjust
wars. However, many wars are wars of
progress. Such were some of those to
which I have referred. This century,
partly by war has undertaken ‘the redress
of more wrongs, left untouched for ages,
than any previous century. It is distin-
guished by a recognition of the individual
and political rights of man, by philan-
throphy, and practical Christianity. Never
has man as an individual and moral being
been valued higher than he is now.
ABOLI'I‘ION or SLAVERY.
Fifty years ago, no man however pru-
dent could denounce slavery In this coun-
try with perfect assurance of entire safety.
In numerous places such denunciation as
the sin deserved was the immediate and
justifiable cause of the dismembcrment of
churches, and often ended iii disorderly
meetings, personal injuries, occasional
riots, and some deaths. Myrtilla Miner,
the preceptrcss of a Normal School for
free colored people in Washington, and a
woman of frail body, practiced with a re-
volver, aud'kcpt a mob‘at bay with that
weapon. She was “the Joan of Arc" of
our generation.
Lloyd Garrison in 1831 established a
weekly paper in Boston called “11w Lib-
emtor," demanding unconditional eman-
cipation of the slaves, and its publication
made a great excitement all over the
country. The Legislature of . Georgia
Offered $5,000 for his head. Edward Ev-
erett, the Governor of Massachusetts, in
his annual message expressed‘the opinion
that the Abolitionists might be prosecuted
in the courts. Anti-Slavery Societies
were formed in different parts of the
country. President Jackson urged Con-
gress to pass a law excluding Anti-Slavery
publications from the mails. A meeting
of the Boston female Anti-Slavery Society
was broken up by a mob. Garrison was
dragged through the streets of Boston
with a rope around his body, but was res-
cued by the policc and imprisoned for
protection. Pennsylvania Hall, where
the national Anti-Slavery Society met, was
burned. At Alton, IIl., Rev. E. P. Love-
oy, who edited an anti-slavery paper,
was killed by a mob. For ten years Con-
gress excluded allpetitions on any subject
pertaining to slavery. One editor said
that, it was “great abstract wrong."
Garrison said that “it was necessary to
wake up a nation slumberiug in the lap of
moral death.” In 1833 Miss Prudence
Crandall transformed a female academy
at. Canterbury Conn, for white pupils, in-
to a similar institution for colored girls,
and found it difficult to obtain 25 pupils-
from all the large cities in the several
states. The worst form of so-called bog/cot-
u‘ng in these days does not exceed the vil-
lainy with which she was persecuted, both
by law and all forms ’of social antagonism.
The most respectable citizens cooperat-
ed with the vilest. In 1851 the shops and
meeting-house were closed against teacher
and pupils; carriage in the public convc —
ances was denied them; physicians wou d
not wait upon them ;Miss Crandall’s own
v.4.
* family and friends were forbidden under
penalty of heavy fines to visit her; the
Well was filled with manure, and water
from other sources refused; the house
itself was smeared with filth, assailed with
rotten eggs and stoneskand finally set on
fire. '
“Never”, says PrcSIdent Fairchild, of
Oberlin College, “in the history of the
human race was so great a moral revolu—
tion accomplished by such feeble- means
in so short a time,” General S. L. Wood-
ford, ex-Lieutenant Governor of New
York, says; “I can look back upon 50
years of manhood, and say the world is
better, cleaner, whiter, than ever I knew
it before.”
FOURTH CHARACTERISTIO.—Immcnse pro-
gress in Christian thought and methods
and ‘ organizations—There are some
thoughts and inquiries which ever genera-
tion is bound to utter. For examp e: What
is God? What is His relation to Hu-
manity? Science no less than religion con-
cerns itself with the origin of the world,
the facts of life and death, and the proba-
bilities and conditIOns of the future life.
Believers and the churches accepting the
Bible as their guide and rule, are not
thereby made infallible in its interpreta-
tion. From within and without, the
churches strugglernot so .much for their
existence as for Biblical ideals. Intellec-
tual and speculative, and practical un-
belief assails it. Physical science, s cu-
lative thought, the com arative stu y of
religions, the social re ations of families
and classes and races, have shaken the
thoughtsof all,and new questions and new
methods of rcachin people, and new ex-
aminations of old cripturcs are forced
upon us. The translation of theScriptures
has been revised, a human work first and
last, and a sign of life not of decay or
death. In the decade from 1830 to 1840,
the several denominations of our own
country having become organized into
missionary societies for the cvangelization
of theworld, were making their first ag-
gressive advance into foreign lands. They
secured organization only by meeting ob«
jections, explaining difficulties, correcting
>misunderstandlngs, after. the manner of
capitalistic and labor organizations of the
present day. They maintain themselves
only by insisting upon the teachings of
the gospel and cpistles. unfolding the na-
ture of Judaism, and Christianity, asser-
ting the authority of Christ and ’His
Apostles, and outliving all predictions of
failure and death, exceeding their own
hopes of success. Regions which a half
century ago, were closed to Christianity
and Commerce, are now open to both.
The Evangelical Alliance, the great inter-
national and inter-denominational organi-
zation of the world’s Eva‘ngelicalism, large
in its aim and influence ike the wOrds
needed to describe it, was organized in
London in 1846, and has held its ecumeni-
cal assemblies in London, Paris, Berlin,
Geneva, Amsterdam, New York and
Basic. It is only one of many organiza-
tions for the promotion of ecclesiastical
unity, and the engagement of all Chris-
tians in all lands in a common work for
the salvation of the world, the securing of
“peace on earth and good will to men."
Less than two generations ago,Meihodism
‘neither understood nor appreciated Con-
gregationalism, and Congregationalism
Was antagonistic to Episcopalianism, but
the times are favorable not merely to the
theoryjut the practice of Christian unity.
Despoudency within the church occurs ;
and assaults from without are made by
unbelievers and hostile or anizations with
unusual plausibility. artin Luther,
while scarcely realizing his mission as a
reformer, said : "The world can not
stand long, perhaps a hundred years at
the outside.” Dr. Bellany, who lived in
this state from 1719 to 1790 said : “At
this season, the state of the world and the
church appears exceeding gloomy and
dark and still darker times are by many
expected." Harriet. Martiucau in the
last generation loudly. proclaimed that
the force of Christianity was rapidly
coming to an ,end. Between 1817 and
1830, 5,769,900 volumes of the skeptical
writings of Voltaire, Rousseau, and other
kindred writers were circulated in Con-
tinentul Europe, but to day brief tracts by
Christian writers are going over the same
ground and doing‘ a corrective, a more
wholesome and permanent . work alike
among the higher and lower classes. Six-
ty year-sage, French Protestantism con-
tributed nothing for its churches and
works; now it contributes annually nearly
five million francs. Dr. Beard says :
“In all the problems which are in France,
the questions of religion arehavinga large
place. The Christian element of the na-
tion is coming to feel agrcat responsibility.
Mnltitudcs are finding the answer to the
inquiry: What is truth? Millions are
waking to free inquiry.” In 1827, in the
City HalI,New York, a crowd of opposcrs
violently interfered and prevented Rev.
Dr.-Spring and other influential gentlemen
from holding a meeting for promoting
the better observance of the Sabbath, but
to day a meeting for that object-could be
held in pcacc,whatcver clsérmig'lit happen.
In 1850 15 per-cent of the: population of
thc Untied States were comm‘unicants in
Evangelical 'churches; in 1870, 17 ‘per
cent; in 1880 , 20per-cent. Not a genera-
tion has passed since a Boston preacher,
in a sermon which was printed, bcsought
his congregation to resist Christmas-keep-
ing as one of the perils of the timc,threaten-
ing orthodoxy and loosening morality.
A Vertisements and proclamations of the
death of Christianity, of the church, of
faith, ‘of the Bible as a standard of living,
of piety itself, are still frequent and bold.
But as the fittest that the ages have known
their fatality is to survive. Meanwhile,the
poetis right who declares that
“Truth never sheds, .
Its leaves, nor fears the winter; on its head
No grey hairs ever came. The ancestry
Of wisdom is eternal and divine.”—-Bonnr.
Personal attachment and loyalty to
Christ are scarcly more vital conditions of
Christian life than entire readiness to learn
and to embrace the whole truth.
This is all I can say upon this subject.
I must break off abruptly somewhere.
have been deliberate in givtng the larger
share of time and thou ht to those topics
which are seldom considered in ordinary
ministrations. I. am content to utilize
other occasions for supporting the asser-
tion that religion is flourishing to-duy in
civilized lands, and is-entering upon new
and more successful campaigns upon the
soil of gross beathcnism. Religious peo-
ple are humau,.and 5 must change their
opinions, but they differ in this respect
very littlefrom ure~scientists, sccularists
and theorizers a out-the functions of gov.
crnmcnt. There is much new wine in the
world and it is useless in any department
of thought to seek to bottle it in the old
wine—skins. Much that is supposed to be
new is old, even musty many errors, new
only to those who accept them, are relics
of a dead‘past; yct new truths and new
phases and illustrations of old truths are
born, almost every day. So-callcd scien:
tific materialism has held sway for the last
generation, but Dr. Cremcr of Germany,
says “it is on its death—bed.” The great
essential truths concerning God and man,
reli ion and morality, time and eternity,
iris and reward, stand as firmly as ever
to-day, and there need be no fear that any
theory, argument, discovery, or wish will
be able to prove them false.
“A charmed life old Goodness bath ;
The tar-es may perish, but the grain
Is not for death.”
MissFrauccs Power Cobbc satirizes all
of us in thc‘fcllowing illustration which
even a llorSe-jockeggcan appreciate:
“The history of ublic Opinion during
the last half—century may be not inaptly
compared to that of a well-fed, steady-
going old roadster. long cherished by a re—
spectable elderly squire, but unluckily
transferred at hisdcmise to his wild young
heir. Accustomcd to all the neighboring
highways, and trained to jogalong at five
miles an hour, the poor beast suddenly
found itself lashed by ‘the discipline of
facts’ and sundry new and cruel ‘spurs, to
get over the ggpund at double its wontcd
pace, and at last to leave the beaten tracks
altogether and cut across country, over
walls and hedges which it' never so
much as peepcd over before. Under this
altered regime, it would appear that Pub-
lic Opinion at first behaved with the res-
tiveness which was to be expected. On
some occasions, he stood stock—still like a
donkey, with his feet stretched out, refus-
ing to budge an inch ; and, anon, he bolt-
ed and shied and took buck leaps into the
air rather than go the way which stern
destiny ordained. But, as time went on,
such resistance naturally grew less violent.
The plungings and rcarings subsided by
degrees, and anybody who now pays at-
tention to the animal will probably be only
led to observe that lie isa little hard in the
mouth and apt to refuse his fences till he
has been brought up to them two or three
times. In his equine way, he finds each
new discovery, first ‘falsc’ and then ‘against
religiou’; but at last he alwaysmakes a
spring over it, and knocks off ‘the top
stone with his hind feet, —‘Everybody
knew it before I’ ”
Brethren: let us be glad to—nightfor the
mere fact of existence, for the abundance
of our rewards for past service, and the
number and quality of our gloridus Oppor—
tunities. I have always contemplated
with special admiration the picture drawn
by Tennyson of Ulysses who preferred
not to be an idle and secluded king. He-
would travel and know cities of men, and
manners, climates, councils, and govern:
ments. At the end of 50 years, on the
threshold of 1886, what better soliloquy
and exhortation can we have than that
of the king, aged in years, but full of the
hope, and joy, and energy of youth?
“How dull it is to pause, to make an end,
To rust unburnished, not to shlnein use I
As tho’ to breathe were life. Life piled on life
~Were all too little, and of one to me, .
Little remains: but every hour is saved
From that eternal silence, something more,
A bringer of new things ; and vile it were
For some three suns to store and board myself,
And this gray s irit yearning in desire
To follow know edge like a sinking star,
Beyondithe-utmpst bonpds of bpman :houghl;
Come, my friends,
"1‘ is not too late to seek a newer world.
Push off, and sitting well in order smite
The sounding furrows ; for my pur also holds
To sail beyond the sunset, and the aths
Of all the western stars, until I die.
It may be that the gulfs will wash us down :
It may be we shalttouch the Happy Isles,
And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.
Tho’ much is taken, much abides; and tho’
We are not now that strength which in old days
Moved earth and heaven ; that which we are,
we are;
One equal temper of heroic hearts, «
Made week by time and fate, but strong in will
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.
.._...._.._
From a boy’s composition On hens: “I
cut my Uncle Will’s hen's head off with a
hatchet, and it scared her to death.”
“Why did the Apostle Paul go to Ath-
ens i” asked a Sunday school teacher.
“Please, sir, it Was to throw the detect-
ives off the track! anSWered a Canada
{fingers little boy whose papa left him be-
e . . \ .
a coon rim, or wnvn. ‘
The wine usedvlong ago was claret,
“and the quantity of it consumed at a
sacrament was enormous. It'was at the
cost of the city that the communion ele-
ments for the churches of Edinburgh
were in the sixteenth century provided,
and in the Dean of Guild's accounts for
1590 the following'entries occur: “ First
communion, cue puncheon of claret
wine, £30 105. 9.; nine gallons mair, £16
165.; second communion, ane puncheon
of claret wine, cost £35 0843170 gallons.
mair, £14 6:. " Coming down to the
times of the Covenant we find‘that in
1641 there was paid by the town of
Glasgow to Robert Campbell and others
for "wyne to the communion" the sum
of£84 105. 8d.;wbilein 1656 there was
purchased by the same liberal corpora-
tion, for the same good purpose, a hogs.
head of wine at the cost of £160. The
Covenanters were evidently no more
total abstainers than Cromwell's Iron.
' sides. Not that they were what one of
Dean Ramsay's heroes calls “Drunken
religious bodies ;” they were merely
moderate drinkers-on a large scale.
a»
I
l
r
0" var--
13 stage a
.
i
~——-AND -»——
ls'l‘rua isqtisiel.
. 1885.
DEAR SIRS:-—IVilli great pleas-
5);)
Novenib Ir a...
urc I send you a few lines telling
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i felt
better for a short. time, but; would
go down again. I have had the
Dyspepsia and Nervous Prostra-
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};ermanently. sometimes
day I call myself well, and all the
result of taking your medicine.
[generally lIa-I a bilious attack
about once in two weeks, and now
I have not had one since I com-
lllljlil‘cd inking your Snuativc, and
that was months ago. I. call it
the. best medicine on the conti-
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judge by this time. Iain now 58
years old. am doing my own work,
and feel like a now being.
- With best wishes for your suc
(cm-s, fay you are doing a great
Work for sufferinghumanity.
l remain your sincere and
I'ai‘eful Iriend,
THOMAS TRIPP.
g
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There Is no member of society to whom The
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Address the Peabody Medical Institute, or Dr.
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———SPORTSIIIAN’S~——
CAMPING OR FISHING ’l‘ lNTS
Of all Kinds, Shapes and Sizes.
Yacht and Canoe Sails
of most appovcd styles. Also
,-—AW NING 3——
h‘or Store Fronts, Windows, Yacht Boats, etc.
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Flags, Burgees and Covers, of all kinds.
Camp Stoves, Camp Chairs, Sucking Bottoms,
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and in fact anything made from canvas when an
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My beautifully illustrated circular now ready
Send stamp for price list. Adore as
s. IIEMMENW'AY 60 South N. Y City.
' ‘w m SALSEII
to canvusrs fill tihe spielof Nursery Stock. Iii:-
. i I no t on a or an rxpemespn .
ginlemurthe Largest-Nurseries tn the States.
. mzm
T Gigs". New Y’erk.
9.
W.
Geneva Nurseries.
A few more of thoSe
”criminal
Milburn Wagons
F0 R- SALE
AT
HI _ Br I,
South Norwalii.
s
Price No Object.
Wagons must be sold.
O. E. WILSON,
bililll ; General Insurance OI Real Estate Agent
I Money to Loan.
liocm No. 3 Gazette Building. Norwolk, Conn.
a? TNA INSURANCE (10., of HARTFORD.
Incorporated1812. Charter Perpetual. ,
CAPITAL AND ASSETS, $8,902,272.64. .
Insurcs against loss and damage by Fire, on
terms adopted to the hazard and consistent with
the laws of compensation. COWLES & MERRILL,
Sole Agents for N orwalk and vicinity.
TIME
I: tire Insurance Co.
N era's!
Has now completed its
1801 SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS YEAR
And has not outstanding a dollar of' unpaid losses
or claims for losses. NO scam! company insures
for less.
W. C. STREET, Pres, S. E. Omsrmn, Tress,
GEO. R. (.‘owms Secretary.
A CARD.
Having purchased the
FURNITURE BUSIN ESS,
Rccentiy carried on by WILLIAM Locxwoon at
No. 36 MAIN STREET.
I am prepared to meet the wants of all prospective
purchasers .of furniture, both STAPLE AND
ORNAMENT“. I have on hand a large
stock which I will sell
VERY CHEAP FOR CASH.
lshall be pleased to meet all old or new friends
’ and will guarantee satisfaction in
every case.
lELIOTOIIGE H. RAYMOND,
PIT-TEE L. anio on;
FLORIST ONO II YMIN,
UNION AVENUE,
North of Norwalk Cemetery,
NORWAEK, — GQNN.
Dealer in In Green House and Hot House and
Bedding and Vegetable Plants, Fruit and Ornamen
ta! Trees Shrnbbery, Vines. Cut Flowers alway
on hand and all sorts of designsin Flowers arranged
to order. 41y2
Grading and Rc-filling Cemetery Plots
promptly attended to. _
W. If. ilIEEKER. ’
54 Main Street,
SOUTH NORWALK, CONN,
Practical P umber,
in:
Steam and Gas Fitters, Deal in 'Piumbers’ and
Steam Fitters’ Supplies, and Gas Fixtures.
Jobbing promptly attended to. 1y21
To Rent.
Three Rooms suitable for a small family on Main
street, Borough. Apply to
. J. B. ELLs, Furniture Dealer
F o r Sal c.
A Small House with about one lore of ground at
Broad River. Opposite Mrs. James Pauton’s.
Apply to J. B. ELLs, Furniture Dealer.
A Small Cottage
With plot of ground at Winnipauk, ForSaic Cheap.
Enquire of J. B. ELLs, Furniture Dealer.
A Small Farm
For Sale Cheap. The old Benjamin Bishop Home.
stead at North Norwalk, or old road to Silver Mine,
consisting of Plow, Meadow, Pasture and Wood
Land, will be sold as a whole, or in parcels to suit
purchasers. A good chance to secure a. home-
stead. '
Apply to
’
I. B. Er 1.5. Furniture Dealer.
Building Lots
Within 1 mile of the Center. A number of desira-
ble and eligible Building Lots near the residence of
Chas. Kellogg, Esq., and Broad River District
School. Enquire of
J. B. ELLs, Furniture Denier.
For Sale. -
House and Lot opposite residence of caries E.
St. John, Main street, Lot 70 feet front. '
Apply to J. I). Ems, Furniture Dealer.
For Sale.
The Homestead of the Subscriber, No. 8 Camp
street. Good, new House and Burn, 100 feet front
on street. Apply to
B I E
Successor to
E. Quintard’s Sen.
Opposite Horse Railway asset,
Parlor Suits,
BU FFALO LOU NGES.
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Walnut Chairsd: Rockers.
Upholstered Easy Chairs,
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Plush ,Top Stands.
FOLDING 350,. .
Wire Beds 'and Cots.
Hair, Cotton, Wool, Rattan and Excelsior
Mattresses, Pillows, Bolsters, &c.
Husks, large or small quantity
Live Geese Feathers.
Call and Examine when in want of
anything in my line.
Joseph B. Ells,
Im presents given away, send us 5
0 cents postage. and by mail you will
! getfree a cckage of goods of large
value, that will start you n work that will at once
bring you in money faster than anything e.se in
America. All about the $200,000 in presents with
each box. Agents 'wanted everywhere, of either
sex, of all ages, for all the time or spare time only,
to work for us at their own homes. Fortunes for
all workers absolutely assured. Don’t delay. II.
HALLETT it 00., Portland, Maine.
' Benin masts To manner-urn
H A R N E S S
To compete with large concerns, I have taken the
agency of one of the Oldest and largest estab-
lishments in the state for the sale of
Harness, Saddles, Halters, Sur-
cingles, Collars, 86c.
I shall also Make
‘ Fine Harness to Order,"
as usual, at the old stand,
No. 7 WATER STREET.
where I will keep a regular line of Whi s, Sponges
Chamois, Blankets, Robes. Feed gs,
Traveling Bags, he -
J. F. PEOKELL.
F.A.Gunther,
’ FURTHER.
NBS REDYED, BEGLEANED la ALTBBED
New Furs Made to 0rde .
, Samples on hand.
Mahackemo Hotel, South Norwalk,
Under Sanka“ lb Snyder. 6m37
' with ease and comfort.
CHOXCE
F‘OR égoALE
OII Wilton Avenue
Apply to
n. J. STURGES. or o. E. WILSON,
GAZETTE BUILDING 411‘
For Sale. Cheap. .- .~
. ILL be sold at a Bargain if a lied to ’
K a small, neat Cottage, Of sixlilboms, iii 200:3
neighborhood and three minutes’ walk
nudge. Appiy at GAZETTE OFFICE. 0‘ me
_ For Sale.
A Chestnut Standing Desk. Apply at
Tim Omen.
. For Sale.
A DOUBLE BARRELLED RIFLE madeb J hn
Blissett London. Will be y 0
cash. Enquiie at this ofilce. sold cheap for
FOR SALE,
)NE two seated square box side bar wagon.
One light lumberbox wagon.
/
- : One second-bud square box wagon.
One one-horse cart.
tf46 A. LYON, nght Street.
v.1. QUINTARD,
VORI‘IISHING UNOER'I'AKEO
OPPOSITE HORSE R. R. DEPOT,
Residence 143 Main Street. Telephone Connection.
I?
In:
G-EO. WARD BELLECK,
HARDENBROOK’S BLOCK, WALL smssr,
FAMILY GROCERIES.
. ALEX. ‘s. GIBSON,
Orgamst of the First Congregational Church,
. Teacher of
Pianoforte, Organ and Musical
Composition,
Lock Box 3 P. 0., NORWALK, CONN.
J. BELDEN HURLBU’I‘T.
Atria all Counsellor at Law
Room No. 4, Up Stairs.
GAZETTE BUILDING, NORWALK, CONN
. BERNARD COHN.
—MERCHANT TAILOR,—
WEEK'S BUILDING, WALL STREET.
‘A FULL LINE OF
Imported and Domestic Cloths.
0f theLatest Styles, constantly on hand.
Novelties ln Scotch Suiting. Satisfaction guaran-
teed in every particular.
B: o r s e 311091113.
WM. MCCORMACK,
No. 111 MAIN so, roswstx.
Shoeing in all its branches guaranteed to be done
In the best manner. Special attention paid to in-
terfering, or tender footed horses. All work war-
ranted. Give us a call. If”
" a
PROPRIETOR :
L. B. SUTTON, New Canaan, Ct.
For Catarrh and Cold in the Read it has not an
equal. (lives immediate relief. Pleasant to use.
Causes no sneezing. Restores the diseased mem-
bruue to a healthy condition.
——Persisient Use Assures a‘ Perfect Cure!—
Allcviatcs Catarrhal Headache. 50 cents by mail
and at druggists. R. W. ROBINSON .b SON, Whole-
sale Agents, 154 Greenwich street, New York.
For Sale by Geo. B. Plaisted, Norwalk. 1y15
RUP’I‘URE:
CUREp.—I’EET d; (20., 501 Sixth Ave., Cor. 30th
St., New York. New Method. Holds any case
Relief at once. Parties
attended to and return home same day. Also, Va.-
rlcocele wnhout surgical operation. Advice free.
Open day and evening. Sundays till 2p. m. Esp
tublished 15 years. Book for 2 cent stamp. 1y9
TRADEVITAMARK
P I I... I.- S 2
For the cure of
Fever and Ague,
And Intermittent Malarial Fevcrs.
VITA Co : .KEI‘PORT, N. J., April 24, 1885.
DPRI‘SII‘S.‘ ’ " Ihad been suffering with malari-
al Intermittent fever for more than twenty years.
until my life had become a burden to me. The last
attack which was four. years smcc, threatened to
terminate fatally. Through my ‘brother—in-iaw,
who had been recently cured of fever and ague, I ‘
heard of the PILLS, alld procuring them was cured
by them in a few weeks, and have bad no return to
this hour. I most cheerfuJy and earnestly recom-
mend these PILLS to all suffering from this mis-
erable disease. ~ J sssut HALLENBAKE.
Price 50 cents. Send for circular.
Vita Company, 12 and 14 Cliff St.. New YOI k.
Send 10 cents postage and we Will
mail you free a royal, valuable sample
A GI IE I 'box of goods that will put you in the
. way of making more money at once
than anything else In Amer ca. Both sexes of all
ages can live at home and work in spare time. or
all the time. Caplta} not required. We will start
you. Immense pay sure for those who start at
once. STINSQN & (30., Portland, Maine. 1y46
SPECIAL BARGAINS
. -—IN——-
Choice Building Lots
Situated on Spring Hill, Wilton Avenue,
Fair Street, and Riverside Avenue. En-
quire at GAZETTE OFFICE, or of
tf18 B. J. STURGES.
PENSIONS
——:AND:--‘
Government Claims.
My sole business. Thousands have Right.»
Neglected. Address, free of charge, or visit,
GEN. W. E. NOBLE,
91 Stratford ‘Avenue, Bridgeport, Conn
J. G. Gregory 81. 00.,
De‘sire to state that in addition to a full line of
Drugs, Proprietary Medicines and Druggists’
undries they are prepared to reccjye
orders for ' ‘ f
Silk, Cotton or m...
ELASTIC HOSE
For varicose or enlarged veins. Warranted to
fit, and at reduced rates. _
They also desire to state that they have accepted
the agency of the New York Vaccine (10., and will
keep a supply of
PURE BOVINE VACCINE VIRUS
Constantly on hand.
They have in stock Electric Batteries, which
will be sold at close figures. They carry also a full
assortment of Keystone Writing Paper Packets.
.l
- BRUMIVIEL’S
COUCH DROPS
Genuine have “A if. B.” on Each Drop.
WHOLESALE nousr. ,
" 408 AND 410 GRAND STREET,
311144 NEW YORK CITY.
’TO FARMERS.
WANTED TO sxcnancs.
ANearly new light buggy harness, solid metal
trimmings, for a ton of good, clean, old
i meadow hay. Enquire at the Guitar: Orrics.
sailing Lots
w__._..
now INDIANS GAMBLE.
In one of the tall cases in the Nation-
al Museum are displayed various ii’npli-
meats, some of very rude and primitive
‘ Workmanship, illustrating the games of
chance played among the North Ameri-
can Indians. Among the most curious
of the exhibits illustrating the games of
the savages are packs of playing cards
collected among the Apache Indians.
These cards are made of dry skins or
parchments, and are about the size of"
the ordmary‘ playing cards in use in
every whisk-playing family. The de:
vices upon them are rudely drawn. The
numbers of the cards composing a pack
and the character of the devices indicate
that they are of Spanish origin. Pro-
fessor Otis T. Mason, the curator of the
section of ethnology, recently received
from Mr. Romero, Mexican minister,
several packs of the kind known as Bar-
celona cards, such as have been in use
among the Spaniards and the Mexicans
for many generations.
The Apache cards are rude imitations
of the Barcelona cards. There are four
suits as in our cards—spades, clubs,
diamonds and hearts. The spade is a
sword or espadon; the club is a veri‘
table club or bludgeon; the heart is a
heart enclosed in an urn, and the dia‘ ‘
mond a gem or jewel represented as set
in the centre of a disk or brooch of some
kind. The spot cards end with the
sevens, the eights, nines and tens not
being included in the pack. In the
Apache cards the queen is represented
by a female figure, rudely drawn, like
the first effort of a youthful caricaturist
on a slate. The king is represented by
a figure of a man. and the jack or knight
by a man on horseback,
“These cards were found among the
Indians," said Professor Mason, “ when
our exploring parties went among them.
They undoubtedly got them first from
the Spaniards. They play a number of
games with them, some like simple
games that are played with our cards—
‘old maid,’ ‘muggins,’ and the like, and
they had a game also like euchre. Now
they use cards such as we use, which
they have obtained from the settlers
and others. "
“There is no game played by the
Indians in America,” continued the
curator, “in which the mind is brought
to bear upon a problem or has to study
out the moves as in chess or checkers.
There is no game in which the player is
expected to have mental skill. All the
games are strictly games of chance. "
“This game is something like the
game of jackstraws," he continued,
pointing to a collection of two down or
more little round sticks, each having a
distinguishing figure curved or scratch-
ed upon it. “These little sticks are
shaken up under a mat or hat, and then
dropped to the ground, still concealed
by the hat or mat. Then the man who
handles them, the dealer, takes out one
stick at a time, handing them to the
different players in turn. When they
have all been dealt out, the man who
has the best hand wins. The man who
has the chief takes the best or most
valuable article; the man who has the
next highest takes his choice next, and
so on."
(mass Am) Lonsnms.
The appendages of the lobster are
peculiarly adapted to its natural wants.
The two claws or pincers differ the one
from the other, a fact which always
gives them an ungainly appearance.
One of the claws has aseries of grinders,
and is used as a mill to crush shell-fish
and other hard substances, while that
on the opposite side is provided with a
sharp edge which is used for cutting.
~‘The lobster propels itself by means of
thin plates attached to the body, and. to
protect them from rocky bottoms, the
tail of the animal is doubled up under
it, completely covering them. The crab
is a higher order of animal than the
lobster. The fiddler crab is so called
from the peculiar shape and motion of
its claw. It has a set of grinding teeth
in. the anterior portion of its stomach,
and a grinding movement is kept up
almost continuously. The eye of a crab
is very peculiar, consisting of a series of
tubes bound together, each tube rep-
resenting a single eye. He sees singly
by combining the images after the man-
ner of a mosaic. The long feelers of the
crab are designéd for reaching into crev-
iiaas of the rocks after its prey. The
giant of all crabs is found in the bay of
Yeddo. Its legs are eleven feet 10113,
and it has sparcely body enough to hold
them together. The hermit is a queer
sort of animal, which takes up its habi-
tation in shells vacated by other ani-
mals. If a hermit crab be placedin a
tub of water with several shells, it will
examine them all, and then select the
best adapted to its comfort. If two or
three crabs are put among the same
shells, they will often fight for the best
shell. The hermit repeatedly travels
about in conjunction with a polyp as the
means of protection from the octopus.
The polyp does the fighting, while the
hermit carries him about and collects
food for both.
LOST HIS TASTE
——
I was sleeping in a second story bed
room of a planter’s house in Mississippi,
and it was not yet daylight. when some‘
thing roused me up. I was listening to
hear the noise repeated, when there
came such a yell as fairly shock me out
of bed. -I ran to the open window, but
it was too dark outside to see anything.
As I stood there listening I heard the
clank of a chain, followed by groans,
and then all was still. I went back to
bed with the idea that some crazy negro
was prowling around, and slept till sun-
rise. Then I looked out, and solved
the mystery. A few rods army was the
smoke-house. A big bear trap had been
set at the door, and it had caught a
prize. With one leg held as in a vise,
and with his hands grasping a young
tree to hold him up, a burly, big negro
looked up at me and called out :
“Say, boss, but I want to get loose of
dis!”
When I went down and told the
colonel he expressed no surprise, and
took no action until after breakfast.
Then we walked out to the smoke-
house, and, after looking the prisoner
over, he said: '
“ Does it hurt I"
"Nebber was hurted so in my life,
sch."
- “ Can't you get out I”
“No, sah. I'ze been trying eber
' since midnight, but I can’t do it."
“ I have hams and shoulders in there.”
“Yes, sah; I reckon you has. "
“ Are you fond of smoked meat I"
"sNofsah. I used tot be, but. I ain’t
any mo’. Ishall nebber tech smoked
meat agin !"
“ Like to walk out nights 1’"
“No, sch. I'zo gwine for bed ebery
night at sundown arter dis.”
We got a rail and opened the trap,
and let him out. He went ofi‘ dragging
his leg behind him, and as he reached
the gate he lifted his hat and coolly
said: '
“Worry much obleeged, knlnel. If
my appetite fur hams an' shoulders
eber returns. I'll keep cl'ar 0' dis planta-
Ihun, an' dmn’ you for-git it I"
\
Norwalk Chronicler