knowledge :and experience in this particular
' . field of legal activity. Inasmuch as the ten-
.....this branch of the legal professio‘n‘has 'been
. acquiring an .unwonted' prominence.
j make interesting, reading to glance over the
’ commercial "history of the last two years and .
, once that it is difficult to keep them in ‘mind.
«Jersey, with an authorized capital of $200,000,-
’ require wise judgment and wide experience, and
-' or Pennsylvania Foreign credits, too, are ob-.
_tal_ned in a similar manner- It is understod that
for this last department-arrangements are made .
AN‘ ARMY OF LAWYERS. "
elem-pasts.prises; TIMES. INTHDDIREC' 1 ; .
TION. os""‘spsctitjmss;ms BAR” "
ASSOCIATION; AND THE ..
LAWYERS’ CLUB. 1- _
Although it has been remarked that the day
of great lawyers is past, a glance at the roll
..ot members of the profession in Greater New-
York, or. in any of the cities-of the Union will
. show many of America's leading statesmen and
public men.
the. twenty-three Presidents of the United states.
were lawyers, .while zit-conservative .estimate.
states that alt‘.'the - present
leaders and representatives of the people are
lawyers by a percentage 10f, 75. -Many aman.
has. chosen the legal profession firmly believing
that it was the golden road which led to fame
and‘ an everlasting fortune. ' -
The prominence. of the New—
tuily, illustrated during the political campaign.
of a1month '01: so ago, .the memory of Which is
. still fresh; The names of ‘the vpoliti
dates roux-both tickets contained many lawyers
youngaand old. The fight made .over the indie
- cial‘ candidates brought out an array of talent
.which resulted in some remarkable bursts of
oratory,1 and which crowded CarnegietHalland.
__ Cooper. Unionito the..doo1's. .It‘Would begimpose-
sible'in a'- limited amount of space__to-.give jusr,
ties to all of the prominentnien in_t_his_"profes—.
« sion. For many years this metropolishas been
exceptionally 'favored > in. its legal department.
' V bright-.1
This. city; can proudly claim some of the .,
estminds, the most brilliant orators and the
most.-popular;legal lights of the world. Amid
local surroundings the American youth is given
e goal which
every incentive to work hard for th
has been set for him. In his early studies he
learned that Thomas Jefferson, a lawyer, wrote
the Declaration of —' Independence; that Alex—
ander Hamilton, a. lawyer, wasthe originator
of the first financial system, and that Abraham
Lincoln, a lawyer, wrote the Emancipation
Proclamation. He has cultivated a deep rever—
ence for the names of Daniel Webster, ‘Henry
Clay, Rufus Choate, Edward J. Phelps, and
ores of lawyers of equal fame and reputation.
It has been estimated that there are between
15,000 and 20,000 lawyers in Greater_New-Y0rk.
On the basisof a population of 35700000 this
means, a. lawyer for about every 200 of the
population. With such a showing there should
be no reason why the legal businesg of this
great centre of commerce and wealth should
not be transacted on a most satisfactory baSlS.
The profession has drifted to quite an extent
into specialties. The corporation and railroad
lawyer is usually a man of large income and
wide influence. He represents big interests and
has a world of responsibility on his shoulders.
It is usual to find railroad and other corpora—
t'lonwbusiness in the hands of big law firms
composed of several well-known lawyers. Such
firms are found in large numbers in Greater
,New-York. Their offices occupy a whole floor
of some big office building, and the clerical force
would do credit to a mercantile house with a
,prosperous business. .
In the employ of such firms will be found
.manyyoung lawyers who draw big salaries
in,_some instances, although as a general rule
it is alleged that the clerks are not overpaid.
'Another specialty is the promoting of trusts
"and the formation of big industrial and com-
..mercial corporations. There are certain firms
which. are known far and wide for their skill,
Si‘
dency of the'times is: in the direction of trusts;
It would
:note 'the'number of new trusts formed during
,that. period... There are so many now in exist-
*one of the most important combinations of the
year was incorporated under the laws of New-
,000. The legal details of such an organization
the fees are of unusual fatness.
Many metropolitan legal lights have made un-
ending fame in the criminal and divorce courts. .
Some have been able to accomplish marked suc-
cess-in the highest courts of the United States.
~From. the lowest tothc highest, the members of
the New -York - Bar compose a small army,
feared by foes and admired and esteemed by
friends. The Lawyers' Club, in the Equitable
Building, is one of the most magnificent lunch
clubs in the World. It has a membership of
over one thousand, and enjoys a popularity and
success which has made it the envy of sim—
ilar institutions in New—York. The Bar Asso-
ciation of New-York is composed of the leading
members of the legal fraternity of the city, and
has always taken an active interest in every-
thing which pertains to the development and
prosperity of the ‘citv. -
__.__________
MERCANTILE AGENCIES.
The modern mercantile agency has been fitll’
termed'a clearing-house for information regard-
ing commercial matters and credits. The intro-
duction of the system years ago met with almost
instant recognition. and the great success which
has attended the two leading-agencies, and the
several smaller ones aswell, has been merited.
At the present time the percentage of failures
through dishonesty or fraud is small, and this
has been brought abOut largely by the efforts
of the mercantile agencies, thus proving. that
hOnesty is still the governing principle of trade.
In New-York the recognized leaders in this
profession make their headquarters. This is the
centre from which is operated the system which
extends to almost every village and hamlet of}!
the United States. Nearly eighty thousandi
cities and towns are covered on the commercial
side by the inquiry system of the companies.
The work is divided into departments. Every
large city has a branch office, which is the centre
[or the district in which it is located. Business
with'the smaller towns is done through the'main
branch-office. Under such an arrangement the
standingofa merchant or atrader in the Far
est is as easily obtained as one in New-York
It is recalled that nineteen out of__
~ time-the 'pfllitica‘i
York. Bar was. ,1.
cal . candi: .
ness. '
with the leading European agencies, which send
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(k—e
BUILDING.
'No. 349 Broadway. . . .
. The accompanying illustration;presents a,
ated, on Broadway, near Leonard—st. IL-is an
highest types of architecmral and building sk
of so—called sky—scrapers. the Ayer Building ex
nine floors. It is fortunate in its locality, for
and this gives it a prominence which would be
the buildings loom up for twenty stories. This
ing being unusually light and airy. In this par
part of the town.
The site upon which-the new Ayer Building
restaurant, which was destrdyed by fire about
one of the famous eating landmarks of the dr
the solid rock, and has a large sub—basement.
every modern improvement. There are two so
passengers. The passenger elevators are of the
appliances for the safety of the public in case
excelled by those of any other New-York office
out with steam heat" and electric lighting, wln‘
The plumbing is of the most improved system.
the Ayer Building is a credit to the architecture
drygoods district brings it a high class of ten
their reports over here. There are one or two
small, conservative agencies, which are giving
particular attention to the credits of merchants
of foreign countries, to meet the demand which
is fast springing up as a result of the policy of
expansion brought by the war.
Taking into account the subsidiary agencies
for the collection of information applying_to spe
cial departments of,trade, it is probably safe to
assume that an army of more than 200,000 indi-
viduals is engaged in the labor of providing au-
thentic information regarding the standing of
business men. Nearly a million and a half of
names of'individuals, firms and corporations are
reported upon annually, and this is done in or-
der that possible advance information may be
gained regarding the 13,000 failures from one
cause or another which mar the business record
of every year. The commercial agencies have
established one fact and nailed a widely scat-
tered lie There is an old saying that ninety-five
out of every one hundred‘business ventures fail.
Careful inves:igation and comparison have in—
dubitably provedthat only 1 per cent, or a 'little
more, ofafailure‘s are recorded wherein those
failing were unable to pay" theirhtotalaindebted;
-—————‘——o————-— ..
METROPOLITAN RAGETRAGKS. ‘ '-
Lovers of high-class racingfind 'in theseveral
magnificent tracks of the metropolitan district
sport of unusual. excellence. ‘ There is no other
locality in the United States which can: Com-
view..of.the..new Ayer Building; which is :situ-
unusually handsome structure, embodying the
ill and science. While not belonging to the class
tends upward to a considerable height, and has
most of the buildings surrounding it are low,
lacking in the lower part of the city, where
feature also results in all the offices of the build-
ticular its attractiveness is unexcelled in any
stands was formerly: occupied bythe old Holtz
three years ago, and which up to that time'was
ygoods district. The Ayer Building rests upon
It is strictly fireproof throughout, and possesses
is 'of elevators, one for freight and the other for
latest and most approved design, having all
of accident, and with a speed which is seldom
building. .All of the offices are provided through-
ch is included in the rent, there being no extras.
Of fine and impressive external appearance,
of the city. Its location in the heart of the
ants from this class of business men.
pare with New-York in this particular. Here
the “sport of kin “s" is conducted on a lavish
scale, and is supported by tens of thousands of
representatives from every class of society. The
racing season, which begins early in the spring
and is carried through until the frost comgs, is
filled with contests which bring out the finest
types of horseflesh on this side of the water.-
Hundreds of thousands of dollars are invested
in thoroughbreds and stables. Breeding is con-
ducted along most careful and scientific lines.
The owners and trainers excel those of any
nation in the world, with the possible exception
of England, and during the season just closed
New-Yorkers have had the satisfaction of‘ hear-
ing of the conquests on English soil of the fore-
most American jockey. .
Among‘the-many beautiful tracks which 'fur-'
nls’n amusement and pleasure for the metro-'
politantur-f followers-'nonevis {.morepopuiar than
4 that 'of the. Coney» Island Jockey-emu: Situated
. within" aishcrt'vdistflneerof. the fol ty: the: grcmnd's";
andvbuildings of» this organization- possess~e very— '
feature which the -most fastidious coulddcsire;
.The .track-itself-is-a mcde1,*and:o.ver-,it hasiabeem
fought sources-the" historic battles of the'turf.z,
~Wi,t,h,5wide, sweeping well—kept. lawns, and a-
view that rests the eye. there is an unusual.
charm to the surroundings. rThe'Coney. Island,-
‘Jockey Club hasevery reason to .feel contented:
1:11.13 . shopper. .. Or. Q r315 :vmsiii 5mm
‘ Distilling” and Distributing, Company. wit
.7 _. {the-Ti spirits? and. alcohol . .made‘. in‘_ this coun
~ ‘ {resistingcesarean;-inéorporate¢=~nrderi~
-‘ - :lawsfiffthe? StateETQEi.fiewJYork;-‘ and-Ithe-rla
. having. millimetre-five ofiiéés‘»-in‘ New-Tori?
‘ '- ”10n- ascent-bf
~ kets, cheap fuel? and-tether neCessaries in. :
' located in =the~ west, "principally-in‘the' . State
‘ ; Thei'tanes paid by. 'the’>.manufacturersbf sp‘-
“and alcohol aldnegto the United States Gov
5 period above'to sea-070.3%
‘ tered and 55 operated. . ’.
' production of
_ ”fa.” ','.\ -.<
41.00301.- AND" 8213113;'.. ..
' rnAcrrCAnnr man's CONTnoL', fF *rw-
_ comrmmns, wrrn A COMBINED '
CAPITAL or $61,000,000. .,
A large amount of capital is invested in
alcohol and spirits industry in the-United 8 u
The American Spirits Manufacturing Coin--
with a capital of $37,000,000, and the Stan-
capital. of ($24,000,000,- produce (substantially
under the«15vis‘~§t<theasate-ef New—'Jél‘s'éY. ._
The American Spirits ManufacturingevCom
owns about eighteen well-equipped distiller
and-the Standard‘Co'mpany-ei'ght orjten di
'l‘eries. - ” V- l 4- i ' ‘V 71-.“-
the accessibility'to corn u
~du'ction," the distiller'ies'"ofithese companies.-
Illinois; atand in the'vicinity' of Peoria.
Quantity " of "spirits " and > alcohol produced -
grain in the? United. I'State's for, _ the: fiscal. ,y
ending (June: 30; .1896; was ~ 59,154,877 gallo
ment, at $1 10 ' per . gallon, amounted for
This ind’ustry’is not reasonably called a w
key‘industry. ‘While a large amount'of sp'
is ‘ used by .manufacturers and blenders
'whiskey, a very large proportion or. spirits
used in the preparation of medicines, per
eries and the like,”an alcohol is pEirrci/pally u
incthe‘ arts and sciences, by all‘rjd'ru‘ggists
purposes of preservation and manufacture, a.
by all colleges and scientific instigptions. W
this is one of the principal and necessary ind
tries of. this country. the United States has .
fostered it and allowed":its development to t
extent that foreign countries have, and We ha
not kept pace with the foreigners .by enacti
lawa which will allow this country to comp
with others in the manufacture of an aim-
numberless variety of articles of‘ which alco
is a necessary part; for'lnstance, as an ill
tration: . - _
Germany,.with an area much smaller than t
State of Texas, produces nearly ten times mo
alcohol than the United States. This large pr
duction is rendered.- possible in Germany f
the reason that that country has, by 'reasona
buys and enactments, ’made it pos‘s1ble‘ for ma
ufacturers in, Germany to use alcohol at a lo
cost, whereas manufacturers in this coun-
must pay to the United States a tax of $1.
upon 'the product, which costs them in additi:
but a few cents.
* ‘h's rain must be used, .
zieasesgthe benefits-to the farmer increase,.,aa
more of his land is utilized in the raising
rain supplies. ' ,_ - . .
g During the fiscal year ending June. 30, 189
there .were 1,635 grain .distilleries registered, .
which-number 1.231 were operated. .
registered and operated for‘the same period. .
1896 were 1,833 and respectively, showr-
a decrease during the latterperlod of 198 regi
the class of distilleriesfhaiiri.
th' smaller capacity for the" production 0 sp n
was 174 m‘ the number registered and 65 in ta
In the case of the larger d ;
se was 24' and 65,_ respectivel'
etc... used for». .
‘ zendin
The decrease in
tilleries the decrea t f grain
h totalr-amou-n. - .0 ~. .. _
T e distilled spirits for the year
June 30, 1897, is distributed asfollows:
.. " - Bushels. Gallon .
g'heat ............... , . . . . ., ....... . . . ,goo
arley.-. . .. ............ ............. .
Rye ..... . . . .................. . ........ >10,0¥3,g§3
Oats ..... . .....................
Millfeed ............... 8'32?
Other materials ........ ,.- 615334
Molasses —— , ,
e number of gallons of spirits, produce
froTlllll grain during the year ‘in question (59,154,
877) shows a decrease of 23,301,246 gallons fro
the production of the preceding year. The yiel-
of spirits was 4.. gallons frorn each bushel 0
grain, as compared with 4.32-1- gallons for 189
and 4.42 gallons for 1596. Large numbers cf cat
tle‘and hogs are fed and fattened every year a
the distilleries of the United States.=‘the n‘umbe
for the fisca1.year 1897 being 59,279. Inth
period referred to the total quantity of spirit
gauged was 946,096,921 gallons, or 23,234.84
gallons less
than for the same period in 1896.
The quantity of ’spirits (62.465.647.53 gallons
produced and deposited in distillery warehouse
during the fiscal year ending June 30. 1891, -
less than that of 1896 (80.588.703 gallons) b-
24,123,055.2 gallons. The difference is distri-
uted as follows:
Decrease in production of— Gallons.
Bourbon ......................... . . . . . . . . ..... 10,822,136.
e ........................................... 8813.8
Alcohol ........................ . .............. . ..
Rum .......................................... 196,070.?
Pure neutral or cologne spirits ............... 8,087, ‘ .
Total decrease ................. . . . . . ......... 25.046.43.33
Increase in production of—
Gin .................................. 60,938.13
High wines. . ._ ........................ 8,439.8
Miscellaneous ........................ 854.0004}
Total increase ........... . . . . . . . . . . . 923,373.?
Net decrease . . . ........... ..‘ . . . . . . . .- ...... 24,123.0553
The following table shOWs the amount of dis-
tilled spirits deposited ,in'district warehouses for
ten years: ' -
Total Gallons. 1 Total Gallons.
71.144.110.0l1892. 129.902. 8.0
90 310.563.0'1893 90.535.7814)
llO 413.577.011894. . . 80.865.2716
. . 117.186.114.0l1895 ..... . . . . 87.889391}
. . 116,8l3.934.0i1896 ............ 63.08632840
' ———-———-o——————-
ISLAM’S FALSE HOPES 0F GERMANY.
From The London Globe. ' ' -
AThere is‘grea-t joy at Constantinople at the pres-
ent-time: ’ - It is rbecause. the. ’I‘urkschaye. “discov-‘=
cred". . that. - there. ' are still Turkishgchurches , in "Ger-5
many. ‘The-discovery was brought»- about in- this.
Way. it seems that there .is-only asingle mosque
‘iif'Gei-many,wand“ itgis tovbe found at Schwetzingemr
in ' theaGrandeduchy or =Batlen: . .There are no re-
= igious . services held: in it: it “is eonlyj'useful as‘ a.
drawing. for postcards. . One of these cardsfoundfi
,its.~- way .to Constantinople. ' ~It‘ produced-v- lively';
emotion, aind'the person who receivedyit did not
delay .in expressing his, joy. that.- there, existedflTux-ke
ish churches in KaiserWil’helm‘s dominions, and;
expressed the > hope that «very , many Germansi‘ would
with the. liberal patronage of the. public.
'\
‘e.
be converted. to Islamism! .- .
Norwalk Chronicler