GOLD MINING COMPANIES.
INVESTMENT CONCERNS ENGAGED -IN THE Dn-
VELOPMENT or INDUSTRIES. 111 THE WEST
AND THE KLONDIKE REGION.
The fact that New—York is. the financial and
commercial centre of the country. makes it an
objective point for all persons who have inter-
ests the development of which requires the ex»
penditure of large sums of- money. The man
. who has staked a claim in the Far West knows
that by bringing the attention of Eastern cap-
~ltalists to bear upon it he can obtain the means
for successfully working it and making it yield
wealth not only for himself but for others con—
cerned. It matters not whether the mine to be
worked contain silver, gold, copper or other
metal, the New-York man with money is ready
to take .a hand in its development as soon as
the possibility of profit is conveyed to him. The
speculative instinct is strong here, and for this
reason promoters of mines find it to their inter-
est to present their claims in the metropolis
The recent development of the Klondike has
resulted in the forming of companies for the
purpose of. promoting claims in that region.
Certain of these companies Control large tracts
of land in the Klondike, and are in position to
offer superior inducements to would- be invest—
ors. They also engage in the Alaskan trans-
portation business, and control steamers to
carry passengers and freight to the Klondike
__.country In this connection the following ex—
' tract from the official Government report of S.
C. Dunham will be of interest:
“The mines of the Klondike district yielded
during the season of 1896-’97_nearly $3,000,000;
.3. most extraordinary figure when it is consid-
ered that the period of active operations on most
of the claims was less than eight months and
that probably less than six hundred men were
engaged in productive mining operations. .
There is no doubt that the output would have
been double had it been possible to secure min-
ers. . . . For the present season (1897-’98) many
enthusiastic mine owners predict that the output
will reach $155, 000, 000, but the more conservative
place it at from $8, 000, 000 to $10, 000, 000.
Throughout the mineral zone, which extends for
one thousand miles through the Yukon basin,
there are many creeks, which cannot be
worked profitably under present conditions, but
which will furnish employment to thouSands or:
men for a long period of years when improved
transportation facilities furnish supplies at'rea'.
sonable prices. . .gLar e areas of placer ground
will yield $7 to $10 per day to the man, and
under the application of hydraulic processes will
eventually produce many millions.”
__.___*______
COPPER REFINING.
Copper in its native state or in combination
with other metals .or minerals is widely dis-
tributed throughout the United States, and‘ its
mines rank next in importance to those of gold '
and iron.
The Eastern States are rich in copperpand as A
far back as 1632 it was named amtmg the min-
erals of New —Eng'land. In 1660 and previous to
that time the Dutch were engaged in mining
copper near New -Brunswick, in New -Je1' 1sey, .
and in 1776 eighty tons of copper, valued at
£100 a ton, were exported from N ew-York. Old-
timers in Wall Street will recall the Lake Su-
perler copper fever of 1843, when fortunes were
guide and lost in the Street in copper specula-
on.
The reductionpr'copp'ér ore "requires that the
work shall be done where fuel is plentiful and
cheap, and consequently the smelting is seldom
.' done at the mines.
The natural advantages of New-York, with
its unlimited coal supply, its abundant water
and railroad facilities and its convenient loca-
tion, have made this point a favorite one for
those who have ore to be refined. The process
‘ of smelting and refining calls for large capital
and skill, in which respects the New-York firms
are in no way lacking, and the reliability and
integrity of the firms engaged in the business-
are such as to invite trade from all of the min-
' lng territory of the country.
At the works of the Orford Copper Company,
situated on Constable Hook, Bayonne City, N. J.,
is produced the n1ckel used in the manufacture
of armor plate by all the principal makers in
the world. It is shipped in the form of oxide
and as plaquettes, or plates of pure nickel,
some of the Continental and Amel 1can makers
introduce the nickel into steel in the form of
oxide, but the larger number prefer the pla-1
quettes. Here, too, is made a. malleable nickel
from which rods are rolled and wire is drawn, a
new departure in this metal
These works were established in 1880 to smelt
the residues from certain copper ores imported
from Canada after the sulphur had been burned
off for use in making sulphuric acid Begin-
ning with one or two furnaces, the works have
grown until they cover about eight acres of
land with furnaces and buildings and give em—
ployment to nearly six hundred men. Their
specialty is the treatment of complex ores, and,
while the output in pounds is not so great as -
that of some of their competitors, they can
treat more kinds of ore and of lowe1 grade than
any other works 011 the seacoast Among their
products are copper, nickel, gold, silver, plati-
num, palladium, cobalt and the salts of some of
these metals. Nearly fifty thousand tons of
coal and coke are used per annum. :
______.___..__—-—-————-
SMELTERS AND REFINERS. .
New-York is a great heart, whose waterways
and railroad lines form arteries and veins,
bringing to it the wealth of all countries in“
the form 0: ores and ”bullion for refining.
Steamships drawing thirty feet of water and
loaded down with ore are 'able to bring their
supplies directly to the docks, and to deposit
them, without the necessity of extra freight
and transpOrtation.
This is one of the reasons why the smelting
and refining companies who transact business
in this neighborhood do annually a large share
of the refining of the country, and why millions
of dollars' worth of gold, silver lead and cop-;
per in the form of bullion flows through this
city. The refining work's around New-York re
ceive constantly large quantities of silver 0111-
”1-1011 from Mexico :‘and copper from Aus-
..:tralia.. Points as far north as British Columbia
also send their bullion here. Colorado, after _
smelting its supplies of ore fi'dm the far West-' ‘
'érn States; sends- its geld to Nedeork to be
med-ned.’
One of the large smelting and refining com- I
panics of this city has smelters at MOnteréy,
Mexico Pueblo, COL, and‘ Agnes caliehtes, Mex?"
too, where it converts vast quantities of ore into
“33138.86, bullion. ,This is thena shipped to; its refining
..w,or 01455.1“ a1 Berth Amber. are oyerI fifty tons of
pure cepper a'lon'e a’1e ban (fever) day. .
' werk her main engines or pumps.
SUPPLEMENT. ' ' 1. ' 23
NORTH GERMAN Ll. OYD EXPRESS STEAMER K " nlSER WILHELM DER GROSSE.
The new twin- scren express steamship, Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, of the North German Lloyd Steamship Company, is the largest and
fastest vessel of its kind in the world. On her maiden trip from Southampton to New-York, en ding September 21,1897, the time of passage
was five days and twenty- -two hours. The distance covered was 3050 miles, at an average speed of 2L&) knots. From a record of the trips
made by this magnificent vessel, it is shown that the highest average speed has been attained on either eastward or westward voyages.
For twenty trips the average speed was 21. 318 knots an hour.
The dimensions of the Kaiser Wilhelm dcr Grosse are as follows: Length over all, 648 feet; beam, 66 feet; depth, 43 feet; tonnage,14,-
000, and displacement 20,000 tons. These measurements exceed those of any vessel of other nations. Everything has been done according to
all human calculations to insure the safety of this giant vessel. It is especially noteworthy that the four groups of boilers are each placed
in a. separate water— tight compartment, entirely divided from the otheis, so that in case of a collision she would never be without steam to
Special systems have been used in construction to reduce the vessel’s rolling. 0n the interior the ar-
rangement of space for passengers and crowds on a model plan. The large dining-room is situated amidships on the main deck, between the
two sets of smokestacks, in a. position least affected by the motion of the steamer. Costly paintings, heavy rugs and splendid furnishings in
general play an important part in making the rooms of all kinds comfo1 table and attractive. There are for the use of first-class cabin pas-
sengers two hundred staterooms, offering accommodations for 350 persons. The promenade deck is 400, Ifeet long, protected by an
awning deck, and containing a number of corners, formed by deck constiuction, of, unions breadths, offering to passengers protection
against wind and spray. Th e ship is lighted by 1, 600 elect1ic lamps. A voyage in this great ocean greyhound affords a maximum of luxury
and reduces discomfort to almost a zero.
The record of the voyages of the Kaiser Wilhelm der G1 case is as follows: .
. H. ' , "
VVICSTWARD. . H . ~ EASTWARD.
' . , 1 Greatest ,. i . . . Greatest
' ' - 3‘ Distance Average ‘_-' number of I , Distance A1 eragia numlier (I)!
Voyages. 1 .‘ . Time. . ' nautical I nautical Voyages 1 Time. . _ 1n nautica naullca
. , . . nautnicn'l miles ‘ » miles ‘ ' . ' 1 muncal 1 1 mill es f midesI
mil.es l per hour.. per day - m1les. I per lOlll‘. per a).
1897' I l I I 1897' ' 296° 21 in i 519
' 3 21.39 501 1. 5 days. 15 hours. 10 mmutes. . a- I ..
2 €313: 3% £333 3% $1333: 935%,) 21.23 ' 545 2. 6 days, 10 hours. an minutes. .3003 gang l £3
3' 6 days' — houm"58 minutes. 3055 21.07 } 567 3. 5 days, 17 hours, 8 mmutes. 301'» ...2.3.1 .._3 .
41.868' 6 a ' 20 hours: 20 minutes. 3050 18 56 .' 542' 1%?8' ' 5 days 20 hours, 31 minutes. 3067 21.82 I: 526
’1’. 5 11:13:: 23 hours, 32 minutes 3100 | :60 1 554 2. 5 days, 17 hours, 42 minutes. Egg ‘ 43;:
:1- 8 days: 20 hours —— minutes 3120 I 22.29 I 561 3. 5 days, 2. hours, 2 inutes. 303: . o If; .1
'4- 2; days, 3 hours' 157 minutes 3115 1 21.06 . 580 4, 5 ~days_. 16 hours, 4.) unites. 393., 22.1. I 4'11
5- 5 days 21 hours’. 48 minutes. 3130 1 22.07 460 l“ I". g gays. g3 1115011”, $9 mlnutgs. g§gg $3.13? I . 5'04)?
" '~ 9 's - 3 21.36 561 6. ays. . ours. n mImu s. . . 1
5:" g 32;? 7.111133% 13 $3323:- 812 20.37 550 7. 5 days. 2?. hours. 30 minutes. 1 307:: - 21.1.1 ' 539.
8. 6 days. 19 hours, 4 minutes. 3052 18.72 48-! 8. 6 days. 18 hours, .5 minutes. - .3071 18.913 sin
9. 6 days! 2 1101118: 38 minutes. 3052 20.81 560 9. 6 days. 0‘ hours, 17 mmutcs. 3089 20.41 :11;
1h. 6 days: 15 hours, 27 minules. 3050 20.41 547 10. 5 days, 20 hours, 20 minutes. 307.: 21.92 0 #
m TOTAL AVERAGE. TOTAL AVERAGE.
I For 3 be s, 189.- westw,ard 21. 23 nautical miles! 2m 3 voyages. 1897, eastward. 21.28 nautical miles.
For 19170473225. 3898, westward, 21 58 naum'. 11 11011?lean 10 voyages, 18911, eastward. 31.2.? nautical nrlles.
' For 13 voyages westward, 21 50 nautical miles. 'lll‘or 1‘3 \oynges. : eastward, -1.-4 nauncal miles.
Total average for Mtvxenty—six V'o3ag-es, Westward and eastward, El. 37 knot-e. * _
Knots Converted Into Miles. —~'i‘l1e Admiral!) standard knot. or nautical mile, is b,OSG feet. A slalule mile. or land mile, is 5,280 feelf A 5121111131111le iaIlhero-
fore equal to 1.1526111 of a stalute mile. . . . I . .
/
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HAM BURIG- AMERICA\ LI\E
11ear Stetinar nil] he. the
In order to be able to' nip-
THF STE/AMER DEUISCHLAND OF THF
The steamer Deutschland, new building for the Hamburg— American Line at the Vulcan' Yard at-j‘ Bredo’m
largest .of' passenger steamem: The vessel has a lenoth of 685'1feetn a breadth of 66 feet anda depth or 44 feet
' 1ndlcatmg in “the aggregate 33000 (horsepower The 1
' 'tlmes as: laige as those at the Pennsylvania
“boilers are to‘ ivoik' at pressure
rfi‘ye miles will be leached For
lent) -six hieboais elgbteen of
each, will be provided There will thus be 112 furnaces to teed in the stokeholes of the i'essel Th
01315 atmotheres The Speed contracted {0"1‘ is twenty-three miles an how but it is ex pet ted that tvien
'thé electric l1ghtiIng of the Deutschland ‘five‘ dynamos will bIe' provuled and the vessel 'will lie movrded I'u it'll
steel, two of wood and six collapmble boats. The steamer will be launched in about on; months time, but it is not expected Ithat she will be _
readyforservweuntllm',j." _ . .. .. ‘. , ., I.
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Norwalk Chronicler