wa fiascfnr ~ THEEVENLNGGA . .-_ 2 .. :5: #‘Hfrr—r F THE 'PoTs £1 PANs 4 co 111.1) TALK they‘d sing the praises of, [Vorine Washing Powder for it removes every 'parg ticle of grime or grease FREE—A cake 0f and makes them as brig)! the purest and whitest as new. ’1‘”, it- in your Clycerine .039 f l.“ everxyacltage o Toilet Ivonne. » kitchen and prove it. THE J. 3. WILLIAM! c0. .. GLASTONIUIV. COIN. Issue or Issue-l- (use. issues loss: A Wilse.Man -Keeps hisHome Insured . . THE BEST ,. EEEPANIES REPRESENTED _, Addington used to say in after years. “W . H - 7‘13in" GT0 N” 800' I, SIZETTE Bllllllllfi, - - - - noun“, em GET, YOUR ' AT THE GAZETTE OFFICE. GOOD WORK. PRICES RIGHT. , New Direct Fast 'Iaine -—~——BET WEEN— New York and the Mediterranean Regular Passenger Service BETWEEN ——-— .New York, Naples and Genoa. ‘ During Entire‘. Year. OUTWARDS To Naples $18 “ Genoa 18 “ Messlna 20 “ Palermo so TICKETS CAN PREPAIDS. From» Naples $17 “ 1 Genoa r7 “'7 Messina 16 “' Palermo 19 BE OBTAINED A'r 1'Hls orEIcE. v' ,the century itself and FAMOUS TREATIES. ASKETCH OF THOSE OF THE NINE- TEENTH CENTURY. The World is Likely to See Another That Will Alter- the Boundaries of Nations—- One at Mldnlght That Gave Us Alaska in 1865. 'At a time when the world is likely to see another treaty that will alter the boundaries of nations, it is well to look over the great treaties of the cen- tury. What did they effect? The first of these began almost with aroseg from events connected with Napoleon’s sei- zure of power and his aggressive policy in Europe.‘~ It is known as the “Peace of Amiens" between Great Britain, Hol- land, France, and Spain. It was :face- tiously called “the Peace of Amiens" because it really provoked war.. Its most notable achievement was to en- able Napoleon’s friends to invite the French senate to give Napoleon. who was then First COnsul, some token of the national gratitude of France. The Senate voted to prolong the First Con- sul’s tenure of office. The proposition had but one opponent, a Girondist, who loudly asserted that the first steps towards a despotism had been thus taken, and that a flagrant usurpation threatened the Republic. Lafayette _ registered a noble “No," sent the First Consul a spirited letter, and ceased the relations he had hitherto maintained with Napoleon who had already stirred up a rebellion in Holland, was the mag. ter of italy, and was now abOut to be- come the master of France. The treaty was signed March 27,1802, by the Mar- quls of Cornwallis on the part of Eng- land, and by Joseph Bonaparte on that of France, and after a long session of the Senate in consequence Napoleon was on August 3 preclaimed in these terms “The French people name and the Senate proclaim Napoleon Bona- parte First Consul for Life." . The London “Times" and the. whole British press roared its disapproval. ‘ Napoleon thundered back that if the _English press interfered in the domes- tic affairs of the French people, that the nation knew how to respond to such flagrant impertinence, and would not be slow to preserve the dignity of the. French name. , Accordingly as “I the ink on the treaty of Amiens was scarcelya dry when national pride was aroused ,ghich imperilled the new The promptness with which peace. France challenged the British nation upon that occasion is the secret of why Englishmen, whoever else” they ,may despise, have still a profound respect for Frenchmen, and have been very shy of touching upon their domestic discards since. The blue envy of the press had nearly, ruined the Empire. The next in importance was the.’ Treaty of Vienna in 1815- This was the great council of the powers which ' readjusted the disturbance caused by Napoleon inthe affairs of EurOpe. The Czar-of Russia, the Kings of Prussia, Denmark, Bavaria and Wurtemburg and nearly all the statesmen of emi- nence gathered around the Emperor Francis of Austria and his more fa. mous minister, Metternich. Metter- nich by common consent presided. Lord Castlereagh represented England . and Talleyrand France. The subordlo nat‘e' envoys and attaches of other Courts added to a host of petty prince. lings whose nominal titles remain, but whose power have. disappeared from the map of Europe, crowded every ho- tel or available private residence in Vienna. They all gathered like vul- tures to feed upon the caged lion whom the brutal Sir Hudson Lowe was at . that time insulting on board 'of the Bellerophon en route to St. Helena. This assemblage was also likely to end in renewed war. By the secret, un- derstanding after the Battle of Water- loo the allied sovereigns had reserved to themselves the disposal of all vacant territory to-some of the princes then out of a job. The Ministers of Aus- tria, England, Prussia and Russia de- termined to decide upon all territorial questions among themselves and only after so deciding submit them to France and the other Powers. This nearly caused a rupture. Talleyrand on hearing of the arrangement de- manded that the whole European con- cert should meet in iopen Congress. But the “Big Four” continued their sittings as already arranged. Still it was found impossible to continue. While Napoleon reigned these powers were united against him but now that the common‘danger was disposed of they were no less against each other. The Congress assembled in Septemo ber, 1814, and on January 3,1815, Tal- leyrand’s purpose of breaking Europe into two halves was only averted by a secret treaty pledging those powers to at once take the field against Russia and Prussia In defence of the Peace of Paris France .was immediately ad- mitted into, “the Big Four” and Europe assumed those divisions in which it re- mained until a United. Italy and the German Empire arose. ' Passing over the treaty which ended the Crimean War, those which ended the Holstein and the Austro-Prussian wars and that of 1871 which gave Al- sace and Lorraine to Germany, we come to the next great international conference, that of Berlin. The treaty of Berlin in 1878 stopped the victorious march of the Russian Army upon Constantinople. It thus preserved a plague spot in Southeast- ern Europe, Spain being the blotch in the corresponding corner of Southwest- ern Europe. These precious blossoms, the word “Jingo,” and “the Princess League" are said to be the net results of that treaty in which Lord Beacons- fleld figured. ' Russia had perfected a treaty with “the Sick Man.” the fa- ! ~Imus—treatybf .San-Stefanor.by..whlel .._., .. . g ..1 i was secured compiete independence for the Christian populations of Montene- yo and which created. the new state of Bulgaria with a seaport on the Egean Sea. Bulgaria was to be a mere blind for Russia. The British Government took' alarm contending that any such step reopened those ques- tions already settled on the'abdiration of Napoleon. A Congress of “the Big Five” was accordingly called in Ber- lin. This time Prince Bismarck pre- sided. Prince Gorchakoff represented the Czar, Count Andrassy, Austria and Lords Beaconsiield and Salisbury the interests of Great Britain. Under the conditions of,this treaty Turkey was shorn of some of her territory, which . . ily recognized at a'distance of ten miles was added to Austria; the principality of Bulgaria was recognized as an au- tonomous Power with a Christian Gov- ernment and a national militia. Stipu‘ lated reforms were to be introduced in- to Crete, Epirus, Thessaly, Armenia, and other parts ofthe Ottoman Em. pire. Lord Beaconsfleld went back from Berlin with the cry of “Peace with honor,” the ludicrousness of the situa- tion being that there was neither peace nor honor. Two years ago the most frightful massacres took place. in Ar- menia and when Lord Salisbury who was a member of the conference was appealed to by the Christian sentiment of England to enforce the treaty, Lord Salisbury jauntily declared that the redress of Armenian injustice was not afunction of the Conservative party. The great leader of the Liberals Who had formerly stirred England over the Bulgarian atrocities was not in Par. liament, and Sir Vernon Harcourt was as silent as a heap of baggage on the opposition bench. ' ' The next arrangement which might- - ily affected the world’s destinies was :hat at the Town Hall of Shimonoseki in April, 1895. Count Ito was at home on this occasion and Li Hung Chang with Mr. Foster of America and Count Cassini in the back ground safe guard lng those of China. As most of the Chinese fleet was either in the hands of the Japanese or at the bottom of the Yalu river or in the harbor of Wei- Hei-Wei,.and the victorious armies of the Mikado were in sight of Pekin, the Chinese had no alternative but to con- cede whatever was demanded. knowing that Russia, Which constitute the “Triple Alliance" for the control of the 01 lent would veto any immoderate terms. ' Japan demanded the cession of the Lia‘o Tung peninsula, the warships already in Japanese hands, control of Port Arthur and $200, 000, 000. The Plenipotentisries held flve ses- sions, the result of which was that the mailed hand of Russia was seen be- hind the Chino-Japanese war. Japan had to be satisfied with the money in- demnity and Formosa, Russia more re: cently taking the Line Peninsula and valuable railroad rights in that terri- tory which is now virtually a. Russian provinéfl. Great Britain apparently lid not know that anything was hap- pening until the Russian bear had :omplete'ly fortified himself in the Gulf 1n ice-free port and an outlet in the Pacific Ocean which it destined ere long to be a Russo-American Lake. ' England finally assured the continu- ance of peace by taking Wei-Hei-Wei. j While these events were taking place in the far East. this country was creat. ing a diversion of momentious import. ance in Venezuela and the mega“ of President Cleveland in December, 1895 was admirably timed whether Cleve-' land so intended it or not, to create ' such, a disturbance in London as womd not only vindicate the Monroe doc- . trine in Venezuela but also repay Rug. 119. for the famous “midnight treaty" of 1865, under which Alaska was ceded ‘ to the United States. To Russian as- ' sistance and Russian friendship for the United States we are indebted for the 'oresent encouragins foreign po.icy un- ier which. particularly with the pos- iession of the Philippine Islands, w. ire sure to have an “Open door" in the Orient independent of any POWex- on .arth. In fact it is no longer either :-he “Big Four” or the “Big Five » It .5 HOW' the Big Six" 88 any further ;reaty making in consequence of the present war with Spain, will abundant- ly reveal to anyone who does not 31. ready see the United States looming ominously upon the destinies of the" century that is now at our doors. America is henceforth going to have foreign markets for her manufactures and a foreignpolicy of, her own and EurOpe will have to reckon with our l‘alleyrands in the great events of the future. , Grevflle’s Reply. Mr. Greville was persuaded, when he was over sixty years of age, to attend a spiritualistic Seance. Foster, the pre- siding medium, was in great form, and :he revelations were astounding. Gre- ville sat silen-,t and his aged, wizened .ace was emotionless as a mask. Sud- denly the medium grew excited, and said to the old gentleman: “A female farm is bending over you. Oh, the extraordinary likeness!” Greville sighed. “She lifts her hands to bless you.” Greville sighed again. “It is your mother.” “Ah, poor thing,” said Greville; "I am glad.” “She smiles. She says all is well with her." . Grey 111e sighed again and said, "I am ielighted. ” “She says she will see you soon. You ire old, and you must meet her before long.” Then Greville quietly observed, "That’s very true. I’m going to take tea with her this evening." Tableau- i “Is it true that Bigley has met with business reverses?” “Couldn't say, but his wife is riding ‘ehltyesr’e wheel."—-—Detroit Journal. ’ ,‘t. v- ‘_»«— .— Germany and France.- ' with three motions. But " A PICTURESQUELANGUAGE.» Intern or Searchlight Signals by Which Great Warships Talk. The—most picturesque language in the 'world is the system of Searchlight sig- nals by which the great warships con- verse with each Other at night. The letters may be said to be written with great pencils of light, with the black sky as a parchment. The accompany- ing illustration reproduces a short sentence spelled out in this unique way. The searchlight signals are by far the; most successful night signals in the world. The great beams of light streaming across the sky may be read- or more, and a message may be trans- mitted at this distance with very slight chance of error. To the uninitiated the language written in this curious fashion would appear to be a rather remarkable exhibition of fireworks and nothing more. A very little knowl- edge will enable one to catch their meaning. The alphabet of these m‘agic searchlights is merely an adaptation of the so—called wig-wag system which has bee'n’in use for centuries and is spoken universally. ' The system of searchlight signals is exceedingly simple and may be learned very readily. The original wig-wag system is transmitted with flags or with lanterns by night, and the var- ious signals are made by waving the flag or light. The man Who signals to trains merely follows a system which is an'adaptation of the wig-wag system. In the original wig-wag sys- tem _there are but three signals made by waving the flag or light—to the right, to the left or in front of the sig. nal man. The alphabet is arranged much the same as the Morse tele- graphic alphabet by: an arbitrary com. bination of the two signals. .. In the. wig-wag system the man sending the signal is required to stand throughout in one position 41nd wave the flag meanwhile. It will of course 'be seen that if he changes his position he is likely to change the position of the flag and confuse the signals. Now, on a warship the vessel itself must take a position just the same as the signal- man and remainat rest until the sig- nals are finished. The ordinary wig~ wag. signals are made by waving a flag, and the .signals 'on amen-'of-w'ar are made merely by throwing or waving the brilliant ,_ beams of . these .search- lights from side to side in the same , Vway." '~ The rules of one system of course apply to the_othe‘r.' In the wig- wag, system, there, is but one position. The system re- quires the ship to rest directly facing the station with which it is desired to communicate, with the light pointing » directly upward in a vertical-line. The first motion, which signifies No. 1, is madeby waving the searchllght around , to’the right of thé’ship. ' The signal inuSt embrace an arc of 90 '.degrees starting with the vertical and return- lng to it. The second motion, No.2, is made by moving the pencil of light in the same way, only to the left of the sender. To make the third signal, No. B, the light is'moved from the verti- éa'l pdsition to the- ground, or rather" the waterline, directly in front of the tender and instantly returning it to its original vertical pdsitibn. ' ' II‘O made by 'g'rOuping‘the first and second- signals together. The letter A is, for inStance, made by repeating , twice the second signal—thus, 22; the letter B is 2112, C is 121 and so on. Signal No. '3 is, repeated at the end :of each_word,;abbreviation or conven— tional signal- :The- signals transmit- ted in this way will be readily recog- sized by the captains of. ships of all countries. This is the international :ode and is used in times of peace and in conversing with vessels of other countries. In time of war, however. each country arranges a. secret code for ise among its own fleet. This enables .hem, "of course, to tell each other all ,Iorts of secrets which the enemy can- not possibly read. A' Center‘s-laws Diode of Living. There is at present in Anzin. France, 1 centenarian, who enjoys such excel- lent health that he does not despair of reaching the age of 127 years. M. lean Baptiste Dubois—that is his name—pretends to know the art of keeping well, and his doctor agrea that his mode of living suits him ad, mirably. When he rises every morn- 11g he smokes a pipe. This is followed .jy a dish of milk soup. He dines at midday, drinks two glasses of wine, 1nd takes his coffee without sugar. At supper he drinks more wine, and tin. shes the evening en famille. His hob-' by is gardening, and he varies it by rocking his great-granddaughter in her :radle and singing nursery songs. ‘ Unfeellhg. "A certain drill sergeant, whose se- ? verity had made him unp'Opular with sis company, was putting asquad of cecruits through the funeral exercise. Opening the ranks so as to admit: he passage of the supposed cortege be- tween them, the instructor, by way of practical explanation, walked slowly down the lane formed by the two ranks, saying as he did so: “Now, I’m the corpse, pay attention." Havingreached the end of the party. he turned round, regarded them stead. ily with a'bcrutinrizing eye for a mo- ment or two, then remarked: _“Your ’ands is right, and your ’eads is right, but you ’aven ’t got that look of regret' you ought to Have. ___—————-—-——-' - Desertions from. the navy at times“ eeems almost inexplicable and can be ' accounted for only on the ground of fascination. Asked in regard to it, a » 'gaptain of much experience once said: "I really believe that if you freighted ' 1 ship for heaven, and were obliged to ouch iii at hell for wood and water - half the boat’s crew would desert." principality The various letters of the alphabet " A DANGEROUS EXPERIM‘ In Order to Convince ‘8 Jury a Lawyer, Drank Poison. Kansas has her “lady” soldiers, but Nebraska has a man who surely is equipped for conquest in any clime. if courage is any-sign. He is now a brigadier general and his name is Colby, or Kelby. In ,8 cause celebre' in Omaha he defended a husband against the charge of having poisoned his wife. The entire State became in- terested in the long trial. Autopsies 'were held and poison enough to kill ten people was extracted .and“ placed in evidence. The case seemed cer- tain to go against the defendant. Ev- erybody said he was guilty and Would go to the gallows; everybody except Colby. In the summing up Colby had the glass containing the poison placed be- fore him, and in a vigorous peroration said: “Why, Your Honor, and gen- tlemen of the jury, to say that this is poison is to make chemical analysis a fraud for all time. .There is abso- lutely nothing in this powder that could harm a man, or woman or child. The question is whether'my client poisoned his wife or not. Hedid not. To show you the uttter harmlessness of this ‘deadly’ ‘ potion I will eat it here in your preSence.” With that he tossed down his throat the entire con- tents of the glass. The court gasped, the prosecution was paralyzed, the jurors nearly fainted, while a great revulsion of feeling took possession _ of the audience that choked the room. 'In the agitation of the moment Colby, pretending to be 'greatly un- nerved by his effort, slipped out of the courtroom door,‘ closed it behind him and then ran across the street to his office as hard as his legs could carry him. There he found physi- cians in waiting with-a stomach pump and such antidotes as were needed to quiet the action of the poison, for deadly p‘oisOn it was. They got to work on him and in a few_ minutes he wes well enoughvto drink a tin cupful of red liquor and return to court. When" the jury saw him sit down quietly at the bar it brought in a verdict of “not guilty " Such a man, would make a good soldier —-—New York Press. , . . , _ \- PRINCIPALlTva MONTENEGRO. ‘ An Independent Little State and Deter- mined to Remnin So- ' Though but imperfectly known in America, and for that matter in west- ern Europe, the tiny principality of Montenegro is a land full of interest, and destined in the near future to play no small a part in the history of east- ern Europe. Modern Montenegro, the smallest independent state in Europe, after Monaco, Andorra add San Ma- rino,~~-date's- from 1851.; The govern- ment of the principality is 1111 absciute monarchy, hereditary in the princely family of Petrovitj Niegoche, by order of. .maseuline- primogeniture. "Not- "withstanding the oft repeated preten- sions of the sublime porte, Montene- gro has always refused every kind of suzerainty on the part of Turkey and has remainedto this day an indepenv dent State. In the hands of this auto: cratic prince, Nichols I, are concen4 trated all the political, administrative, judiciary and military powers of the '. :-¢-—n~v—"Qvf The Montenegrin army is wonder- fully strong for so small a nation, and consists of 24,000 men, divided into two divisions of 12.000 , men each. Each of these divisions includes two brigades. Every Montenegrin brigade is formed of five battalions, splendidly armed with Minie and Thomas Sedert rifles. The reigning prlnCe is the 'com- mander-in-chief ' of the army; under him is. a chief of the .stafl, with two generals of division and" four ”briga- dier generals. The army consists al- most entirely of infantry, with a‘ smail contingent of artillery. To their great physical strength, marvelous agility and keen eyesight. the Montenegrin joins a remarkable knowledge of ev- erything pertaining to the science of warfare. But what in particular char- acterizes the Montenegrin as a war- rior and What makes him superior to any European soldier is his strong sense of individuality, his pride of in- dependence, which enable0. him to per- form the most wonde1 ful acts of cour- age. Though small, the Montenegrin army, owing to the special character- istics of its soldiers, is a force that will. play a leading part in the next conflagration in eastern Europe.— Providence Journal. ' Found It True. "Do you find, Mrs. Brideby, that the old saying is true, that what is enough for one will do for two?” . “In somerespectS. yes," said the charming little lady. “In the matter of chairs, chiefly.”—Harper’s Bazar. ' 9’ 1‘. 1 '41. V‘J7 , M/i2’ ._. 1 1;.th hat with velvet street-name. ___. ..
Norwalk Chronicler