' J
O INE
WASHIN (5 Downs}:
Try It for Your Dishes.
See how quickly it dissolves in the
water, how easily it removes every par-
ticle of greasy matter; how bright it
makes the plates and glass; how much
time it saves every day. Then, too, con-
sider the splendid cake of White Glycerine
Toilet Soap in every packge of Ivorine. You
only pay for the Ivorine—the Toilet Soap costs
(6 you nothing. a .
The J. B. Williams’ Co., Glastonbury, Conn, Makers of Williams’ Famous Shaving Soaps.
, . A ,
:-.;-~'.‘« ‘
l
* REE mulled:—
A Wise Man Keeps
his Home Insured
Against Fire. _._.._
REE BEST G RRIEE REPRESENTED
w. H. BYINGTON.
soon LEIZET‘I'E alumna, - - - - IORWALIJOII
GET YOUR *
GOOD WORK. PRICES RIGHT.
' New Direct Fast Line
——-—BET WEEN
New York and the Mediterranean
_ Regular Passenger Service
BETWEEN
iii-New York, Naples and Genoa.
During Entige‘ Year.-
~ OUTWARDS maximum.“
To Naples .518
“ Genoa his ’ “ Héfnoa' I7
“ MesSina 20 “ Messtna m
“ Palermo no “ Palermorg
TICKETS CAN BE OBTAINED ‘7 THIS OFFICE.
f . WAR WITH FRANCE?
OUR GREAT“ NAVAL ENCOUNTERE
WITH THE FRENCH.
and Authorized American Officers to
Capture French Cruisers “’herever
Foun 1]..
It was Lord Wolseley who said re-
centlythat the United States being un-
prepared for war might be congratu-
lated upon not having tackled any first
class Eurdpea’n power. There' are so
many people in this country of the
same opinion as the” Commander-in-
Chief of'the British Army, that it
. seems worth while to show that our
prowess as a naval power does not
rest exclusively upon our having whip-
ped the. decayed monarchy of Spain.
We whipped Great Britain much
against our will in the war of 1812; but
do those faint-hearted few whose
hearts sink into their boots at the name
of war, not know that we crushed
France also in 1798-9? England and
France were and still .are each first
class European powers. And as there
is now as there was also a century ago,
some prospects of trouble with France,
the results of the Naval war and the
circumstances which led up to it are of
timely interest, particularly as they re-
call a phase of Americanvhistory utter-
ly unconsidered in its bearing upon
present events.
The cause of the trouble with
hot-head members of the French Di-
rectory to appreciate such a constitu-
tional revolutionist as John Adams,
who was not without some leanings in
the direction of a monarchy. Adams.
accordingly hated the authors of the
French revolution, and all its sympa-
thizers, including Jefferson, had little
love for the views of John Adams, who
held “levees" once a week in the White
House and advocated the use of plush
breeches and of curled hair and similar
frivolities in the attendants on the Ex-
ecutive. Though treated with studied
insolence himself by the English court
circle while he was Minister to Eng-
, ions to see friendship restored between
7 the United States and England. Though
England would yield nothing to
obtain it Adams 'still indulged the fool-
ish hOpe that England would accept the
situation of the loss of her colonies;
and So if England condoned a success-
ful rebellion Adams Was anxious to
have this country forget the years of
oppression and all the bitter past. As
friends and allies commercially at least
he thought the two nations might go
on in peace; and as he says in his diary
“together they might gather and divide
the world.” In short there was a situ—
ation and a. reciprocity of feeling one
hundred years ago in certain Anglican
'quarters very similar to the present,
and which went even to the extent of
having a :faction in this country desir~
ous ofiprecipitating a war with France.
This faction was successful in securing
the ratification of the Jay treaty
through Alexander Hamilton and two
“Anglicists,” Secretaries John Picker-
ing and Oliver Wolcott. Upon the rati-
ficationof this treaty the French direc-
tory” were so angry after the assistance
that Lafayett; had given the colonists
in securing their liberty, that they im-
mediately recalled their minister and
sent-shame" ours. - ..-....-
French cruisers therefore attacked
ourlv'merlchant vessels. This country
was thentoo, weak for a naval war and
Adams sent’ienvoys to the irate mem-
bersvof the Directory to set matters
right. There was much ill feeling en-
tertained towards Adams personally by
the leading members of the Directory,
who Were furious that Jefferson was
not elected president, and a demand
was made upon, Adams’ envoys .for a
rumor-money to enable France to’car—
ryon her wars and also propitiate the
directory. ‘It was then that arose the
famous cry of defiance—“Millions for
defence but'not one cent for tribute,”
the justification for which was the un.
usual demand of France which it is
believed; however, now was most de-
liberately colored by the Anti-French
and Pro-Anglican faction who hated
equally the two Republics and were
anxious to antagonize them in order
to restore English supremacy in Amer-
lca. '
Congress thus aroused by the one
sided report of the Adams envoys or-
ganized an army. Soon also a state of
war existed on the sea. where Commo-
dore Truxton defeated and captured
two French frigates. These two splen-
did victories however sobered the bel-
ligerent members of the Directory and
theyconstltuted such interesting naval
engagements that European first class
powers might study them with advan-
tage now. War it is true was not for-
mally declared, but the depredations
stirred up the patriotic feelings of the
American people who were thus pro-
foundly convinced that Europe whether
royalists or republican, Was equally
quite unable to appreciate or to under-
stand them. The United States fitted
out privateers and authorized Ameri-
can ofiicers to capture French cruisers
wherever. found. The Constellation was
the name of the first American frigate
that thus tested our navy against that
of a first class European power. While
cruising in the vicinity of.St..Christo-
pher one hundred years ago Commo-
dore Truxton one day discovered a. sail
ahead. He immediately ran before the
Wind so as to cross the strange!"5
course. Before coming into closer
Quarters it Was found that she was
From Naples 3‘7 r-resol'ved upon changing her course and
she then. hoisted an American’ flag.
Truxton new showed his .colors and
gave the private signal of the day. As
‘the'stranger did not respond he drew
strange craft hoisted the'FrenCh colors
539d-.. fired "a sun, to leavers- I!»
The United States Fitted Out Privateer-1'
France arose out of the inability of the -
land, Adams was unnecessarily anx-_
down upon her and immediately the ‘
Constellation started
‘and after a six hours’ chase gained 3
position off the enemy’s port quarters.
She now poured a full broadside into
the Frenchman which promptly return- ‘
ed the fire which thus became railid
and constant upon both sides. After a
fewrminutes offiring the enemY. ac-
cording to Froudes~ “Batailles Navales
de la France,” luffed up to run aboard;
but owing to the‘ loss of her main top-
mast was not successful, thus enabling ‘
the Constellation to run athwart her
course, forge ahead, and still pour in a
withering fire. Truxton so splendidly
manoeuvred his ship that he kept her
just off the enemy’s starboard bow
where the Frenchman was ,Weake’st,
maintaining this position for a whole
hour, pouring in broadside after broad-
side and receiving a heavy fire occa-
sionally in return. At this stage an
eighteen pound ball struck the Constel-
lation's foretop mast just above. the
cap, and she now drew. out of the
smoke that had collected around the
two fighting ships. But espying the
shadow of the enemy again—and which
enveloped in smoke was unable to see
the Constellation,.but«which kept firing
away in the direction in which the
Constellation was last seen—the Amer-
ican vessel now opened a heavy: fire
upon her starboard battery which soon
dismounted every gun upon the
Frenchman’s deck. About 4:30 in the
afternoon of the day—the engagement
beginning at nine in the morning—the
Constellation dropped astern, crossed
the enemy’s wake and was about to
sink the stranger with allvon board
when she surrendered and was imme-
diately secured as a prize.
found to be the French 3'6-gun frigate
L’Insurgente.
Both the,Constellation and the L'In-
surgente were rated as 36-gun frigates,
though in estimating their equality the
French pound .was eight per cent.
heavier than the English pound. Thus
a French 12-pound shotweighed 13
English pounds and a French 24-pound
shot was the equivalent in destructive
effect to 26 English pounds. After'a
similar encounter on the morning of
Feb. 1, 1800, between the Constellation
and the 40-gun-frigatc La. Vengeance
and after the superiority of American
to European ships had been establish-
‘ed, the hostile attitude of the French
Directory was changed and no further
interference was attempted by France,
After these brushes between the
American and French fieets Napoleon
replaced the feeble and incompetent
members. of the Directory, President
Adams again sent his envoys to Paris
“and things were made so permanently
satisfactory that Napoleon sold all the
French possessions to this country
saying—“I have now given to the
_ UnltedéStatesersometzhi-ng that-sooner" or
later shall make them a formidable
rival to the commercial and maritime
supremacy of England.” The accuracy
of‘.‘this“pre'diction’was not so appap'ént
then ask is to-day, nor did Napoleon
ever imagine that the future held in it
a possible Anglo-American alliance.
. “
Ice In Sicknepl. --'
Ice is employed in various ways in
illness asa remedy. The ice-bag is ap--
plied to the head in cases where there
is severe pain, and to various parts of
the body to reduce inflammation. If
a' proper bag is not at hand, a common
bladder from the butched may be used
filled with ice broken up into small
pieces, 'so as to lie on the part more
comfortably; if a cork is placed in the
center it may be tied more securely.
The ice-bag should be.slung over the
place’so that the weight ofithe bag
does not rest on the part, but just be
in contact with it; a piece of foldec
fiannel or lint should be placed undei
it so that the bag does not- rest or
the bare skin; it might cause gangrene
without this precaution. ' '
Ice is given to stop sickness, or ll
cases of hemorrhage from the lungs. a
small piece is placed on the tongue fre
quently. Ice should be kept in large
lumps if possible, and these ought t(
be wrapped in a flannel or blanket
When required to be kept by the bed-
side a piece of fiannel is tied over 5
cup or basin, the ice resting in the cen
tre, the water then runs, when melted
into a cup, and prevents the ice from
melting too quickly. A darning needle
or bonnet pin is the best thing to break
up the ice with,- if a proper ice pick is
not at hand.
Trades Followed'by Ants.
Bees are geometricians. The cell:
are so constructed as, with the less
quantity of material, to have the king
est spaces and the least possible lose
to interstice. The mole is a meteor
ologist. The torpedo, the ray, and the
electric eel are electricians. The nau-
tilus is a navigator; he raises and low-
ers his sails, and casts and weigh.
anchor, and performs other nautical
feats.
Whole tribes of birds are musicians
Caterpillars are silk-spinners. The
squirrel is a ferryman; with a chip
or piece of bark for a beat, and his
tail for a sail, he crosses the stream.
The beaver is an architect, builder,
and wood-cutter; he cuts down trees
and, erects houses and dams. The
,marmot is a civil engineer; he not
only builds houses. but constructs
acqueducts and drains to keep them
dry. . . ‘
The white ants maintain a regular
army of soldiers. '
“I guess," said Mr. Erastus Pinkley,
"dat I warn’t built foh soldierin’."
“But you’s done jine de comp’ny,” said
Miss Miami Brown. “Yas, but dem
off'cers is li’ble ter git'pow’ful smaht.
I kin step off ter de music as fine as
anybody. Bu-t dey won’t lemme staht.
De man he say: ‘Private Pinklev, do
right foot is de wrong fo'ot.’ Den I got
kinder confuse an' 1 says, ‘Which am
my right foot?’ An’ den he Says, ‘Yo'
left foot, ob'cohse.’ I reckons de fus'
ting I knowsI gwinter git ketched fo'
,mutinv.”—-Wasehine-ton -_Sta'i'.",
She was '
J H E E v u N 1 NG- G AZE T‘T E ~- ~ . '
in, hot pursui.‘ FAMOUS TREATIES. .
’ ASKETCH OF THOSE or THE NINE-
TEENTH CENTURY.
The World is Likely to s... Another That
Will Alter the Boundaries of Nations—
l One at Midnight That Gave Us Alaska
in 1865.
At a time whn the world is likely
.to see another treaty that will alter
the boundaries of nations, it is well to
look over the great treaties of the cen-
. tury; What did they effect?
I The first of these began almost with
the century itself and arose from
events connected withNapoleon’s sei-
zure of power and his aggressive policy
in Europe. It is known as the “Peace
of Amiens” between Great Britain, r101-
land, France, and Spain. It was face-
tiouSly called “the Peace of Amiens"
because it really provoked war. Its
most notable achievement was to en-
able Napoleon’s friends to invite the
-French senate to give Napoleon. who
was then First Consul, some token of
. the national gratitude of France. The
l Senate voted to. prolong the First Con-
sul’s tenure of office. The proposition
had but one opponent, at Girondist,
[ who loudly asserted that the first steps
ltowards a despotism had been thus
taken, and that a flagrant usurpation
Ethreatened the Republic. Lafayette
l registered a. noble “No," sent the First
I Consul a spirited letter, and ceased the
relations he had hitherto maintained
with Napoleon who had already stirred
up a rebellion in Holland, was the mas.
ter of Italy, and was now about to‘be.
come the master of France. The treaty
was signed March 27, 1802, by the Mar-
quis of Cornwallis on the part of Eng-
land, and by Joseph Bonaparte on that
of France, and after a long session of
the Senate in consequence Napoleon
was onAu‘gust 3 proclaimed in these
terms “The French people name and
the Senate proclaim Napoleon Bona-
parte First Consul for Life."
. The London “Times” and the whole
British press roared its disapproval.
Napoleon thundered buck that'if the
English press interfered in the domes—
tic aflairs of the French people, that
the nation knew how to respond to
such flagrant impertlnence, and would
not be slow to preserve the dignity of
the French name. Accordingly an
Addington used to say in after years,
the ink on the treaty of Amiens was
aroused which imperilled the new
peace. The prcmptness with which
France challenged the British nation
upon that. occasion is the secretof why
Englishmen, whoever else they may
despise, have still a profound respect
for Frenchmen, and have been very
shy of touching upon their domestic
discards since. The blue envy of the
press had nearly ruined the Empire.
Treaty of Vienna in 1815. This was
the great council of the powers Which
readjusted the disturbance caused by
Napoleon in the affairs of EurOpe, The
Czar of Russia, the Kings of Prussia,
Denmark, Bavaria and Wurtemburg
and nearly all the statesmeii'of emi.
nence gathered around the Emperor
Francis of Austria and his more fa-
mous minister, Mette’rnich.
nich by common consent presided,
Lord Castlereagh represented England
5129 “WE’RE“ Erase» The subordi-
Courts added to a host of petty prince-
lings “whose nominal titles remain, but
whose- power have disappeared from
thermap of Europe, crowded every no.
mo: available private residence in.
Vienna. They all'gathered like vul.
tures to feed upon the caged lion whom
the brutal Sir Hudson Lowe was at
that time insulting on board of the
Bellerophon en. route to St. Helena.
This assemblage was also likely to end
in renewed war. By the secret un-
derstanding after the Battle of Water—
loo the allied sovereigns had reserved
to themselves the disposal of all. vacant
territory to some of the princes then
out of a job. The Ministers of Aus-
tria, England, Prussia and Russia de-
termined to decide upon all territorial
questions among themselves and only
after so deciding submit them to
France and the other Powers. . This
nearly caused a rupture. Talleyrand
on hearing of the arrangement de-
manded that the whole European con-
cert should ‘meet~in open Congress:
But the “Big Four” continued their
sittings as already arranged. Still it
was found impossible to continue.
While Napoleon reigned these powers
were united against him, but now that
the common danger was disposed of
they were no less against each other.
The Congress assembled in Septem‘
ber, 1814, and on January 3, 1815, Tal-
leyrand’s purpose cf,breaking Europe
secret treaty pledging those powers to
at once take the field against Russia
and Prussia..in defence of the Peace
of Paris. France was immediately ad-
mitted into “the Big Four” and Europe
assumed those divisions in which it re.
mained until a. United Italy and the
German Empire arose.
Passing-over the treaty which ended
the Crimean War, those which ended
the Holstein and the Austro-Prussian
wars and that of 1871 which gave Al-
sace and Lorraine to Germany, we
come to the next great international
conference, that of Berlin.
The treaty of Berlin in 1878 stopped
the victorious march of the Russian
Army upon Constantinople.
preserved a plague spot in Southeast-
ern Europe, Spain being the blotch in
ern Europe. TheSe precious blossoms,
the word “Jingo.” and “the Princess
League” are said to be the net results
ofthat treaty'in w ich Lord Beacons-
field figured. fiRussia had perfected a
treaty with “the Sick *Man," the {8-,
mous treaty of San Stefano, by Whig
scarcely dry when national pride Was .
The nextA-in/importance' was the.
Metter~ '
nate envoys and attaches of other.
into two halves was only averted by a .
It thus I
the corresponding corner of Southwest— I
was secured complete independence for
the Christian populations of Montene-
gro and which created'the new state
of Bulgaria with ‘a seaport on the
Egean Sea. Bulgaria was ~to be a
mere blind for Russia. TheRBritish
Government took alarm contending
that any such step reopened those ques-
tions already settled on the abdication
of Napoleon. A Congress of;“the’ Big
Five" was accordingly called in Ber-
lin. This time Prince Bismarck pre-
sided. Prince Gorchakofi represented
the Czar, Count Andrassy, Austria and
Lords Beaconsfield and Salisbury the
interests of Great Britain. Under the
conditions of this treaty Turkey was
shorn of some of her territory, which
was added to Austria; the principality
015 Bulgaria Was recognized as an au-
tonomous Power with a Christian Gov-
ernment and a national militia. Stipu~
lated reforms were to be introduced in-
to Crete, Epirus, Thessaly, Armenia,
and other parts of the Ottoman Em-
pire. ' _
Lord Beaconsfield went back from
Berlin with the cry of “Peace with
honor,” the ludicrousness of the situa-
tion being that there was neither peace
nor honor. Two years ago the most
frightful massacres took place in Ar-
menia and when Lord Salisbury who
was a member of the conference was
appealed to by the Christian sentiment
of England to enforce the treaty, Lord
Salisbury jauntily declared that the
redress of Armenian injustice was not
a function of the Conservative party.
The great leader of the Liberals Who
had formerly stirred England over the
Bulgarian atrocities was not in Par.
filament, and Sir Vernon Harcourt was
as silent as a heap of baggage on the
opposition bench.
The next arrangement which might—
ily affected the world’s destinies was
:hat at the Town Hall of Shimonoseki
in April, 1895._ Count Ito was at home
on this occasion and Li Hung Chang
with, Mr. Foster of America and Count
Cassini in the back ground safe guard-
ing those of China. As most of the
Chinese fleet was either in the hands
of the Japanese or at the bottom of
the Yalu river or in the harbor of Wei-
Hei-Wei, and the victorious armies of
the Mikado were in sight of Pekin, the
Chinese had no alternative but :to con-
cede Whatever was demanded, knowing
that. Russia, ”Germany and France.
which constitute the";“Triple Alliance"
for the control of the Orient would
veto: any immoderateterms. Japan
demanded the cession' of the Line Tung
peninsula, the warships already in
Japanese hands, control of Port Arthur
and $200,000,000.
The Plenipotentiarlea held five seg.
3ions, theresult of which was that the
mailed hand of Russia was seen be-
hind thaChino—Japanese war. Japan
had to be satisfied with the money in-
demnity and Formosa, Russia more re-
cently taking the Liao Peninsula and
valuable railroad-rights in that terri-
tor-y which is now virtually a Russian-
pmvinco. Great Britain apparently
did not know that anything was hap.
pening until the Russian bear had
aompletely fortifiedhimself in. the Gulf
an ice-free port and an outlet in the
. Pacific ocean which it destines ere long'
ito be a Russo-American Lake. But
England finally - assured the continent,
ance of peace by taking Wei-Hei-Wei.
While these events were taking plac.
in the for East, this country was creat-
ance in Venezuela and the message of
President Cleveland ingDecember,,1895’
was admirably timed whether Cleve-
land so intended it or not, to create
such a disturbance in London as Would
not only vindicate the Monroe doc-
trine in Venezuela but also repay Rus-
sia for tho'famous "midnight-treaty»
to the United States. ..To RusSian as-
sistance and Russian friendship far the
United States we. are indebted for the
oresent encouraging foreign poncy un-
der which, particularly with the p05-
session of the Philippine Islands, We
He sure to have an “open door” in the
Drient independent of any Power on
earth. In fact it is no longer either
:he “Big Four" or the “Big Five_.. It
:5 now the “Big Six” as any further
:reaty making in consequence of the
oresentwar with Spain, will abundant-
ly reveal to anyone who does not al-
ready see the United States looming
aminously upon the-destinies of the
century that is now at our doors,
foreign markets for her manufactures
and a foreign policy of her‘own and
Europe will'have to reckon with‘our
' l‘alleyrands in the great events of the
future.
_______ ,
Greville’l, , Reply.
Mr. Greville was persuaded, when he
was over sixty years of age, to attend a
ipiritualistic seance. Foster, the pre-
;iding medium, was in' great form, and
:he revelations were astounding. Gre-
ville sat silent, and his aged, wizened
face was emotionless as a mask. Sud-
ienly the medium grew excited, and
said to the old gentleman:
“A female form is bending over you.
Oh, the extraordinary. likeness!”
Greville sighed.
“She lifts her hands to bless you.”
Greville sighed again.
“It is your mother.”
“Ah, poor thing,” said Greville; “I
am glad.” '
“She smiles.
' with her.”
Greville sighed again and said, “I am
' delighted.”
“She says she will see you soon. You
are old, and you must meet her before
long.”
Then Greville quietly observed,
"That’s very true. I’m going to take
tea with 'her this evening.”
Tableau. ’
l
r__._.
She says all is well
‘ “Is it true that Bigley has metwith
business fiver-see?” . ,.
“Couldn’t say, but his wife is riding
that year’s whee .”-Detroi_t Jamal”.
.4...— v ‘3. ' .
_ ‘9’. -
{:15 a. diversion of momentious import.-
pf 1865, under which Alaska was ceded *
America is-hencefor’th. going 'to- have.
Norwalk Chronicler