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‘ -“UniOn Jack."
'l’Insurgent and 'La-1 Vengeance;
,ress of the Old up: id:
l
BIRTH or“ OUR FLAG.
ITS ORIGIN WRAPPED lN HISTORtCsL
~ MYSTERY.
“Tsishinglzori ‘Was a Member of the Com-
mitteathiéh Accepted the D.-sign,an1l
It Is 2). Curious Coincidence That His
Shield Consisted of the Same Figures.
The American flag really dates from
Jan.21716 though ofliciallyoonly from
June 14, 1777, when Congress passed
the resolution decreeing that the flag of
the United States should be thirteen
stripes alternate red and white: that
the Union be thirteen stars, white in a
field representing a new constellation.
This is nearly all that the records tell.
Whenever a new state is admitted a
new star is added. The respectable
antiquity of our flag is best realized by
comparing it with that of other nations.
The Spanish flag 'was established in
1785, the French tricolor in 1794, the
Italian flag in 1848, and the flag of the
German Empire dates from 1870. As
for "the meteor flag of England” which
an imaginative poet once applied to the
present national ensign of the Uniti
Kingdom, it is enough to say that the
is no such flag in existence. The Brit-
ish ensigniis commonly termed the
This royal standard
dates from 1801 when it was first heist-
ed over the Tower of London. So that
the pretty-fancy about “the flag that
braved a. thousand years the battle and
the breeze" is simply gilt-edged gib-
berygosh.
The origin of the flag of the United
States is wrapped in historical mystery,
but there is good reason to believe that
it was designed and adopted largely
out of compliment to Washington. He
was a member of the committee which
accepted the design, and it is a curious
coincidence that his shield consist-
ed of the same pieces and figures that
the fl’ag is composed of. Washington’s
crest Was an eagle, and the colors and
the metal of his coat are also the prin-'
cipal colors in- the flag, namely, red and
white. Washington’s object in this
may. have been the laudable desire to:
perpetuate himself seeing that he had;
no direct posterity. He may have been
inspired by the fact that in.- giving us a
free country he was also. entitled to in-
fluence the features 6f its flag. Accord-
ingly instead of the stars
heraldry consist of six or more points
the United States have adopted instead
the five pointed figures of Washington’s:
These are in heraldry called-
shield.
mullets. The flag thus receives an ad-
ditional lustre from the s lent honors
thus paid to the Father of his ecuntry
by his own contemporaries.
framers of the resolutidn on June 14,
1777, were probably for these and other
reasons designedly silent upon these
points. ' It is considered that they were
anxious to have Washington escape the
animadversiens of. the Conway cabal,
whose opposition would have been
aroused at any open attempt to make
- ’a-hero’ OZFWashington' and whom this
cabal intended to supplant by General
Horatio Gates.
knowledge upon the motives and prlne
ciples- that may have influenced; the;
framers of the flag is very limited and
gossip has attributed the designing and
the arrangement or the nag to a lady
with French predilictions who lived in.
Philadelphia.
During the revolut on many of the
states had thei1 own flags, and Lexing-.
ton'" was fought unde‘r‘ waving stream-
ers. ” Some people also-go so far as to-
J
state that Washington copied the East
India Comp’anys liag Which had also
thirteemstripe .: «1' and, white,
such is not like. 2’ P3111 Jones claimed
that he first hoisted the flag _of Ameri-
casonrthe Alfred.
blem was then a rattlesnake which in-
' deed came nearly becoming 'a national
emblem instead of the' eagle. The flag
of the “Ranger" which was fitted out
by Congress for Jones was thirteen
stripes with the rattlesnake undulating
over them and with the motto—“Don’t
Tread on Me!” However, from outer
allthese various" devices there was
evolved a national standard designed
under iWashington's supervision and
which was accepted by Congress. 'It
‘was Mrs. Ross, who made'the banner
which Congress approved, from a rough
sketch furnished to her and made by'
the hand of Washington; so that it.
seems clear, alike from the facts and
from the probabilities that the plans
and preferences ,of- Washington domi-
nated the national flag. No story of
the American flag, however,
omitted the vicissitudes—~which bes'et
its birth and early existence would be
complete, that failed to State the part
that France played in the matter, This
was so vital a part‘that Captain'A. T.~‘
Mahan stated in his speech at'New
York, Feb. 7, 1897. that“‘there would
he no flag at all if it weren’t for the
T‘s'x'wh under De Grasse appearing at:
Hampton Roads." while 5.000 trained
French soldiers tackled Burgoyne and
Cornwallis on land. fighting side 1.
side with Americans. - ,
The flag of the fifteen stars. and fif-
teen stripes was carried.gby--Old iron-
sides before Tripoli andthroughout the-
war. of 18112. It was the flag-worn by
the Constellation in'her actiOns with
the
flag that waved over Derne, being the
firs: American flag placed upon ~a fort-
lasting 01’ Lake
Erie, Fort Mcnenry 3:121
anu of our naval vii-5'
lactic. and which =2-v‘-.-.' carried around
Cape Horn and the :_.--..1:e of Good Hope
in the Essex. the 112-1.: United'States
cruise.- to sh'ow‘ a pennant beyond
either.
'lhe 1‘13: worn by the United States
brig Enterp1ise in her action with the
B111 5:. 1.1 1g Boner, .Ieptez'nbeu 4,1813,
an: afterward the nail which covered
the'cody'of -(?-.: pl.
Stripes and mtee'n Stars: 111.: nag.
which was 010 on the day»... use on-
gagement,i-a1.-.~ .211. ..ed mm m... v.14-
which in '
The.
Anyhow our official.
but .
The »i national em?
which '
New Orleans,
:ries on the Ab"
"l'Sill‘i‘CWS. had , fifteen -
- “=
or one was. after the action, found to-
bear the marks of fifty-nine shot holes,
chiefly musketry. .
The bear flag, which was raised at
'Sonoma June 14, 1846, is now in the
possession of the Pioneer Society of
San Francisco; it is made of white
cotton and red flannel, and has painted
on it the semblance of a grizzly bear.
The artist was so unfortunate in. his
efforts that the Spania1ds in their de-
rision called it the “Bandera colchis.”
or hog flag. The army which raisied
this flag and attempted to revolution-
ize a state consisted of fourteen Ameri-'
cans.
Capt. Montgomery, of the sloop-of-'
'war Portsmouth, then lying in San
Francisco Bay, raised the United States
flag on the plaza of Yer ba Buena new
Portsmouth sou-are, under a salute of
twenty-one guns, on the 8th of July,
1846. Since that date the flag of our
nation has constantly waved over Cali-
fornia.
The City of Charleston, S. 0., present-
ed a regimental flag to the South Caro-
lina Volunteer on the 24th of Decem-
ber, 1846. The Mayor, inhis presenta-
tion- speech, said: "‘The motto that
glitters in the-sunlight from this ban-
ner, “Not for ourselves do we conquer,-
but for our country,’ covers every heart
here present." This flag, riddled by
bullets, was carried at Contreras and
Cherubusco, Where Col. ”Butler was
killed carrying it. It was also the first
flag borne inside the City of Mexico by
the United States forces.
Something from Scotflland
Mrs. Hohmboddie: “What are you
reading that absorbs you so?”
Mr. Hohmboddie (looking up from
his book): “It’s a new Seetch novel.”
Mrs. Hohmboddie (with enthu-_.
siasm): “Oh, I am so fond of those
dear dialect things! Do read me a lit-
tle.” .
Mr Hohmboddie: “Can you under-
stand it?”
Mrs. Hohmboddie (loftily):
understand it? Well, I
anything you can understand need not
be Greek to me!”
Mr. Hohmboddie: "No;,but it might
be Scotch. ”
Mrs. Hohmboddie: “Go on; read
just where you are at."
Mr. -~Hohmboddie (reading): “ ‘Ye
see, Elpsie,’ said Duncan, doucely, ‘I
might 'hae mair the matter wi’
than ye wad be spierin’. Aiblins ma
"een ls"a bit dazzlit, an' am hearin’ the
poolses thuddin’ in' ma ears, an’ ma
toongue is clavin’ when it sud be gae-
in'; an’ div ye no’ hear the dirlin’ 0’
ma. hairt an’ feel the shakin’ .0’ ma
hond this day gin I get a glimpse 0'-
ye, :sair hirplinrlike an auld mon? Div .
y'e' nae guess what’s a’ .the steer, hin-
ney, Wi’Out me gaein’ it mair words?’ ”
Mrs; 'Hohmboddin:
ness sake! What in the world is the
creature trying to say?" '
Mr. Hohmboddie:
declaration of love.”
Mrs. Hohmboddiez- “A declaration
, of love? .I thought he was telling a lot
of symptoms to his doctor."
Nothing Like a Good Dictionary.
‘ f'Father," said his 'son, looking up
from 'a.’ book, "‘what is pride?” '
‘ “Pride ?" returned the father. “Pride?
Why, a—-oh;
pride "is? ,A sort of being stuck up—
a,‘ kind off-well,
Just. get .the dictionary. That’s the
. thing to .-tell you exactly What it is.
There’s nothing like a dictionary,
Jol‘11'111'y‘.”-7
“Here it is," said the latter, after
an exhausting search: “‘Pride——be-‘
ingproud.” ‘ .
' “Um—yes, that's it," replied the
father. “But—well, look at ‘proud.’
That’s the way. You’ve got to hunt
these things out, my lad. " , .
“I’ve got it,”
“Pre —— pre —- pro -— ‘proud — hayin‘g
pride. ”
“That’s it. There you are, as clear
as day. I tell you, Johnnie, there is
nothing like a good dictiona y when
you are young."
Musical Criticism.
. The little daughter of a certain musl-
cal critic Was overheard the other day
entertaining a visitor while her mother
was out of the room.
“And do you like music, too?" asked
the visitor politely.
“Oh, yes, indeed,” replied the child,
with as near an approach to her fath-
er‘s manner as she could manage. “I’m
_gsciai'ly fond of opera.”
"What operas do you like?” asked
the visitor.
The child hesitated. Then she re-
covered her grown- up air.
“Qh,” she said carelessly,
ites are ‘Lohindutchman' and
Flying Grin.’ ”
“my favor-
‘The
The Gibson Picture Fall.
A scheme for using Gibson pictures.
(audit may be' hinted that this fad
has been so overdone that it is, show;
ing signs of passing) is to arrange
small ones in artistic groups‘on a
square of delicately tinted paper har-
monizing with the prevailing tint of
the room.» For a pink room, a sheet
of pink glazed prayer is used, an edge
left that gives the effect of 'a frame.
On this the pictures are pasted, and
it is then attached to the wall by means
of tiny gilt thumb-screws, doing away
with the tearing or blowing off of these
pictures v hen less secu1ely fastened to
the we‘:
A Chinese tmvtller applying for a
passport must bane his palm brushed
J\ e1 with fine (mi-1 .-.-.-nt. and then press
it on thin, damp g—:-; er, Which retains
an exact impression of the linesof. i1: 5
hand. V-Tr-ansferenre of the passport
is then impossible. for no two [,els'ol‘. s
have the ssme lines on then palm:
Cats can smell -'e\ en dining ' slea
[f a piece of meat. be placed immedi-a. .
y in front of a sleeping cat’ s nose; :‘113
5 received. and an lossant later the
.1! wiiJ wakié’ up.
“Can I_.
should hope
1118'
“Stop, for good- '
“He's making a
surely you know what ‘
‘pr'oud, you know,
answered Johnnie.
' VhLL (TUARDED m7: ' ”
SUFFICIENT MILITIA AND POLICE IN
NEW YORK TO KEEP OUT iNVADERS
More Than’7,500 PuliiaemenTChief Dev-
. ery Says that- HoiC'a’n i Mass 5.000 Men
at Any Point 'W'lthin
I Harbor lVoll Patmlled
Two, Hours—-
Following the hearty cheers with
which the patriotic people of New York
have encouraged the departure for ac-
tive war service of one after another
of the city's militia regiments, there f
has crept into the minds of some of
these same patriotic people» just the
shadow of a. fear that in giving up so
much to the country New York, has
"seriously weakenediher own powerof
self-protection. The regiments that
have gone would undoubtedly be 'miss- '
edin the improbable-event of anat-
tempted invasion by a hostile force,
but even a superficial consideration or
the external defences and internal re-
sources for protection ought to con-
vince any doubting mind that New
York City is still a very safe place to
live in. _
Every Water approach to New Yorl.
is a death trap for any hostile warship.
and even-should the submarinemines:
fail,
powerfulland batteries. "T'o guard.
against surprise, there is an efficient;
coast patrol, as well as a. harbor pa~
brol. In the 'coast patrol are several.
good vessels under command of Com:
mander Howell, '
The task ofgu-arding the outer bay!
has been assigned to the twdmonihors.
the N-ahant and the Jason, the former
manned by a° detachment of the First
New York Naval Militia and the latter
by a detail of the Second New York
Naval Militia. A numerous fleet of
armed yachts, under command of Rear
Admiral Erben. retired, is constantly
patrolling the-harbor and Long Island
Sound; some of these yachts carry ra-
pid-fire guns which Could doubtless be
depended upon to do effective 'service -
in cases”? need. In 'the event of any
local disturbancesof riots getting be-
yond the control of the municipal and
State authorities, these well _armed
'patrol'yach'ts could readily command
any pier or landing place, and if neces-
sary United States regulars {could be
brought from Governor’s Island or Da-
vid's Island or from Fonts Hamilton
'H'ancock, Wadsworth 0r. Schuyler,
' Should 'the unexpected happen and?
"cause =8. sudden emergency Call ‘for
Federal fighting power the Navy Yard
would play no mean part. There are a
large number of stalwart and seasoned
marines and sailors over 'there,
they have the means at hand to make.
it hot for anv intruding foe;-
' Chief Devery was asked what he"
could do if called upon by some sud-i
den and desperate emergency to mass
3. large bedy of policemen, and he re-
plied Withou'tihlesi'bati'on: “I can mass
5,000 trained policemen a: -any"'g'iven
point in New York City within two
hours." Remind'ing his questioner
that it would not be good "policy to
tell too much about the resources 'of
the police force:- the Chief admitted
that he could get 1,000 men together
at any given point within a few min«
utes.
“The police force will be found equal
to the emergency in any uprising that
there may be." 'he- said. confidently.
Loyal to Her Country.
A well know‘ni Washington ' woman
was doing the cathedral cities of Eng-
land last summer. ThroughOut her
tour she Wore .a tiny American fills,
pinned to the waist of her travelling
dress. A good many of the English
people whom sh'e met-did not under~
stand, or pretended not to understand
what the flag stood for. . i i
"You belong to- some 's-ecret society.
I perceive,” said an Englishwoman to
whom she was introduced, pointing to
the diminutive starry banner.
“Yes," responded the Washington
wom‘an‘amiably. “there are 70,000,000 0'?
us.”—-Washington Post.
A Womnu‘W’estor-n Boomer.
California has a. novelty in woman—
hood. She is Mrs. Janet " Macdonald.
whose business is to go about the coun-‘
try lecturing to attract emigrants and-
capital _to the Pacific coast. It is said
that she can boom Western land with
more giibness thana book agent can.
boom 8. book. Mrs.,_1\iacdonald is er."
excellen't speaker-wand her lectures d9 .
scribing the natural resources and ad 1‘
vantages of Chlifor'nia are muses-1.- '
wu-tn'kinetoscope pictures taken direct _
under her supervision. She on as 11.31..
' 13 that she was a. failure as a minzne -_r
an... says sle’ d rather talk up Cahforn 1121
t ..-.1. do anythmg else she ever t1.e.1. —-
(.‘__.1tago Tribune. '
Jt-I‘I‘ull'fi Subscription. _
' One morning a gentleman called Lip-E
on Douglas Jerrold to Solicit asub-V:
s 1. ption on behalf of a 'mutual flush-d7
iin want of money. “Well,” "said Jer-
1'u...i,' ‘how much does ,. Wan. kills
1.11.27" ' '
' -.'. hy, just- four ands-(two noughts '1'
wiJ, I think, put him-straight?"
“Very well,"u answered Jerrold, “pus
me down for“ one of the'nouglits, this
time."—Ph'iladelphia Ledger.
“'illle'fi System. ’
Mamma—Why is it, Willie, that you
niever care‘to play 'with' boys of your
size? You are always either .vith’
those that are much smaller or much
larger than yourself. -
W'111:e- Cause I can lick the lit
boys an’ it ain't no disgrace to get
Whipped by blgger,ones.—1\‘ew York
l‘él‘.
' World.
. A Linguist.
“Mr. Flizzington is quite a linguist/
isn't he?” , " ,
“I never knew it." »
’Oh, yes, he talks- three languages
ustrils will begin to . ork as the scent "’ ‘ What are they?" " '
“Horse, baseball and golf. "-—(..h1cag J,
I‘ ah 5. . .
ev'ery channelis commanded by A
and '
”15.231:
Europe professes --to attach very lit".
tle importance to the Monroe doctrine.
but it- never sakes much “to precipitate
The walnut library antithedroom
sets or furniture'- in Jefferson: Davis"
old home, in Beauvoir, Miss. have
been shipped to Rlchmond, Ya., for
preservation ‘in the Confederate
museum. »
Nearly all the gambling dens in .
Chicago are so busy that their em- '
ployes are working- overtime. The.
theory that war paralyzes industry
does not go in that town. .
' Letter writers should not. fail to
-; obey the caution given by the post-
‘oflice department, to' have ' their ad
dress on‘ the outside of» erery letter
- mailed. and, in return, the' depart
' ment' should note and respect the pro
tests of the public against the. defacing
of postal cards by 1mpressmg stamp
on the written side. _ It is a poor
rule that will not work both ways, and
since writers are forbidden to inscribe
anything on the address side, it should
be equally imperative on the postal
clerks to do nothing to deface the mat-
for on the written side. i
No one- is: more interested inithe war
than the veterans ‘at the ‘ soldiers l
Home. That usually qu et place is ,1
stirred up by excitement. .- Men: with 1
gray beards and faces seamed 'with ' "
Wrinkles,» men maimed. andill, gather
in little knots"’under:'th‘eLtrees in the
beautiful grounds of' their peaceful
(home, and .discuss’ithe situation; with
eagerness, intelligence and patriotism.
Many a tale of theirdbrowess in by-
gone days is brought out and furbish
ed up for the entertainment of their ' *
comrades, and the stories of battles , :1
long ago fought are told over again.
It ““79 fought our brothers then,” said
one of them. “Oh if I onLy had my
log back that I left at Winchester and
could get a good chance, at those euss-
ed Spaniards, I would die happy ”
Q “Would you really like to fight
again?” he was asked .
“‘“A‘ye, that'l wbuld," he answered,
I“that I would, and there’s hardly a
boy here that wouldn’ t go in the ranks
again if he could, to fight for Old
,Glory, God bless her!"
., Against the verdict of history and
Ithe conclusion leached by official in
quiry and judicial proceedings, all of
which sustain the account that John
Wilkes Booth was killed by his pur-
x'suers a few days after his murder of
IPresident Lincoln, we have at this
late” day the revival of an old woman' s
Estory that the assassin escaped. and,
fdied a natural death, years afterward,
in Europe. Since it is admitted that
‘he is dead, the point is of little prae
Itical importance now, but the incident
,goes to show how such stories begin
.and linger in tradition, until they be
come, in many cases, articles 0f popu
ilar faith. History is full of such in
stances, relating to beth good and bad
men. For many years the early
'Christians. had a belief that Nero Was
‘not dead, but would return some time
to renew his persecutions; while the
stories of the Seven Sleepers; the
Wandering Jew and the heroes of the
Venusburg are familiar to Soholars. In
an age of tradition and- not of news
papers this Wilkes Booth story might
easily become an accepted version of
his later career.
1 we.
The House has properly refused to?
concur in the _Sena’tes ipropoSai to
.aboliSh the forest reservies created
Lunder the executive proclamation of
éFebruaiy 22,1897. These reserves -
were set apart at the recommendation
0f the distinguished Hc‘omr'nissmh of
experts of which Professor Charles S
'Sargent was chairman, the commis
.sion itself being selected 'at the reduest
-of the interior department by the Na
tional Academyof Sciences. Its mem- "
bers gave their“ time. and labor to the
public service withdut- pay, the reim-
bursement of their travelling expenses
being alone provided. for, A few
months ..aftbr the reservations were
made, some complaints of persons
id'welling on; them or interested in en
. crouching upon them; caused Congress.
to suspend the executive order, with
certain exceptions, until this year, so
that a more careful examination 01
the grievances might be made."' But
the Senate, through an amendment to.
the sundry civil bill, now proposes to
set aside theSe reserves altogether.
No one can question that the pres
ent reserve system, "as initiated by
I’1esident Harrison, is of vast import
ance to this country. Not only does
it preserve millions or acres of veins
ble woOds- from the ravages of the
axe, but it- isof the greatest value to ’ ‘
, the irrigation problem, When that.
system was extended by the Sargent
commission another great step in ad-
vance was. taken. Necessarily the se , ,
lec‘tion for withdrawal frOm settle -. 5 . ‘
ment of many millions of acres; situ, ’ '
nted in various states and territories, . ,
had to be done roughly-.1; With this ,_ "i 7
once enacted,- the modification of» "w. ,‘i
boundaries in order to lessen in‘dlvid . 11
ual hardship was a _mere matter '01-
detail But to abandon. the scheme ,-
because some- complaints have been
leceived is utterly unjustifiable and":
Elbe House should.- not consent to it.
._ 1Q
Norwalk Chronicler