_. con, woon, BRICK,
l
I
There’s nothing like it—its peculiar, rich, de-
licious flavor gives solid enioyment With every thlrst
quenching. Drink as much as you please and when
you want it—it’s beneficial, not harmful. This pop-
ular summer drink is easily and cheaply made at
home from a bottle of extract—Be sure to get
’ . 9
WILLIAMS & CARLETON CO., PROPS.
. HARTFpRD. CONN.
Asso'r'rfs
Elli illllll
Born Palnt
‘ Cures conus, eumous and mars
SPEEDILY and WITHOUT PAIN. ,.
FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
. LIPPMAN BROTHERS, Prpp’rs,
Lippman’s Block, SAVANNAH, 6A..
MEEKER C0AI'4 CO.
FLOWS, FLOWS .BEPAIRED,
LIME, 0mm, TILE PIPE. ;
orrlcnmrrnze. WARD-SELLEOK
WALL STREET. NORWA LL
DORLON HOUSE
NOW OPEN FOR THE SEASON 0Fl1897.
snort DIHHEIIS, .
BlIOIIE Isunn our one: _
BATHIIIS, saline, mulls.
Electric cars to Hotel, every twenty
. l
minutes. '
JOHN E. O’SULLIVAN,
Manager.
25c. -.
Ask Your Druggist
AT HOME.
Don’t go, out of town to
have your Awnings
made when. you can get
them right here - at
home inst as cheap.
If you want a canopy
for a. party or a wed-
ding. 1"will supply it at
two hours” notice.
A letter or postal card
will receive prompt at.
tention.
P. E. CALLAHAN,
Awning Maker,
53 Cross St... Norwaik.
l
' basic value.
l
LEGAL TENDER. ‘
~ ms RESPONSI BLE-FORMANY wadnes
DONE: IN LIBERTY’S NAME;
It Attempts to Make Unequals Equal—1n
Its Name Money Is Debased and Private
Contracts Are Impaired—If L'egal Tender
Laws Were Repealed the Business World
Would Use Only the Best and Most 00n-
venlent Money.—Free Coinage of Two or,
More Money Metals Would Be Safe With-
out a Legal Tender Batloj—Evils or nine
Money Clearly Presented In a Book
Just Out.
A simple, clear, sound and ‘strong
presentation of the money question is
made by Charles, H. Swan, Jr., in a
little book entitled “Monetary. Prob-
lems-and Reforms. ” It is the last num-
ber of Putnam’s “Questions of the Day
Series. ” The author believes that legal
tender laws are a great curse and are
responsible for most of our monetary
evils. He makes a good ‘case. His
arguments are well calculated toup-
set not only 16 to 1 ideas, but all»
belief in favor of flat or cheap money.
This being the‘heart of his discussion,
we quote the following extracts from
the chapters on Fiat Money and Legal
Tender: '
. “From an economic point of view
there can be no difference between an
obligation to deliver what happens to
be a medium of exchange and an obliga-
tion to deliver some other article. In
either event the selection has been made
by the agreement of the parties, and the
obligation is as to a certain quantity of
a certain thing. It is thus that we may
say that in economic contemplation any
obligation to deliver specified goods is
a debt. It would seem that the obliga-
tion made by the agreement of the par-'
ties should be altered only by the agree-
ment of the parties. It would seem fur-
ther that the obligation should not be
altered indirectly by changing the
definition of terms used in the agree-
ment, Nor should the fact that the law
looks on a debt for money in a different
light from the way in which it looks on
a debt for other goods make any differ
once as to impairing'the (obligation.
“ It is nevertheless true that no despot-
ic power of government in disregard of
property has beenoftener or more uni-
versally employed than this power of
tampering with contracts, and that,
too, not only by governments professed-
ly despotic, but even by those claiming
to be actuated by the principles of jus-
tice and liberty.
"These, then. are the three ways of
debasing the standard coin of a country
—-either to reduce the weight of the
piece‘and make the reduced‘piece a legal
tender for the old piece, or to coin the
'same pieces as before, but decree.that
each shall be a legal tender on existing
contracts for more than its old name
implieda-orf‘to- coingpieces of i’the same
weight as before, but of a reduced fine-
ness and to make them legal tender
with the old. However, it is not at all
unusual to find that when one of these
methods is employed in a scheme of de--
basement the others are also associated
with it. Debasemeut, properly speak-
ing, refers simply to applying the old
nameto a lesser amount of metal, and
in order to effect an impairing of econ-
‘tract rights must be accompanied by a
legal tender law, for otherwise creditors
would not receive the smaller coins for
more than their market value as stamp-
ed metal, but the act of debasement is
so universally poisoned with this legal
tender law that the term dcbascmcnt is
generally used to cover both Operations.
“The method above described for ‘
tampering with the money of a country ‘
—namely, to debase the coins in weight,
fineness or nomenclature and apply le-
gal tender laws—is so barefaced and
self evident a fraud that it is almost
universallydenounced, and it is of late
years seldom used by a civilized gOVern-
ment. There is, however, another meth-
od by which the same nefarious end
can be attained under the plausible pre-
text of ‘regulating the value of money,‘
as if money needed any other regulation
than to be let alone to find its own mar-
ket level. This idea of regulating the
value of money has its enthusiastic ad-
vocates in all countries of the present
day and. has permeated to individuals
in all classes of society. It is based on
the idea that the order of the govern-
ment, the flat of .law, gives money its
It is therefore called the
doctrine of fiatism, and money that is
tainted with this idea is called fiat
money
“,A legal tender law, however,
which makes less an equivalent for‘
more takes no account of any man's
nullity to fulfill his contracts, but with
one fell swoop strikes a horizontal re-
duction cf debts for all alike and is in
effect a universal bankrupt act. When
it is said, as sometimes is, that a legal
tender law is necessary to avoid bank-
ruptcy, such a law is in reality not an
escape from ”bankruptcy, but the most
emphatic confession of bankruptcy
"Among the wrongs done in liberty’s
name legal tender must hold a promi-
nent place. It seems to be almost a
mania to rush to legal tender lll any
public crisis. At the very-time when
business confidence is most needed the
most deadly blow is struck at that con-
fidence.
“Again, the lawmakers may believe
that there is. not enough of one' metal
to supply the needs of trade and so may
think it necessary to make two metals
legal tender at a fixed ratio If the gov-
ernment simply stamps coins or ‘both
metals, that is a perfectly harmless pro-
ceediug,
either or both, as theyfind Convenient.
but if they do not find both convenient
that is the very best reason in the world
why the undesired metal should not be
forced upon them. The desire, then. to
introduce a new kind of money, con-
' trary to the convenience of the business
world, is not a‘ legitimate desire
"A debt in econOmic contemplation is
an obligation by contract for the deliv- ~
cry of specified (goods. )The obligation
arises by agreement of the parties. and
and business men can use_
I
the article to be delivered is'named by
Smith has'co‘ntracted to deliver 100
pounds of butter to Jones, does Smith
need an act of legal'tender'to tell ’him
what he must deliver? Is it not per-
is named in the contract is the evident
and only fulfillment‘ of the contract?
The principle does not change if the
contract calls for a certain quantity of
a metal. If Smith has contracted to de-
liver a certain weight of silver of a cer-
tain quality, is not that amount of sil-
ver the full and only performance of
the contract? Can it make any differ-
ence if Smith and Jones by language
they both understand have called this
certain quantity of silver by the name
‘100 quods?’ The performance or ful-
is the delivery of the very goods speci-
fied; nothing more, nothing less. A
sufficient tender on such a‘contract is
the performance carried as far as it may
be without the acceptance of the per-
formance by the creditor. What this
sufficient tender is is therefore pointed
by then terms of the contract which
designate the performance. This tender
and only this tender should be recog-
sufl'ioient tender in law on the con-
tract. ” '
“As the present lamentable condition
of the representative money of the world
has been brought about by the indul-
gence in the intoxication of legal ten-
der laws the remedy seems most natu-
rally to be the repeal of the legal ten-
der laws the gradual redemption of the
superfluous representative money and
the substitution of other and better
forms of nonlegal tender representative
money to supply the place of the pres-
ent legal tender stufi‘ so far as is need-
ed. ‘
“In accordance with the principles
herein enunciated a sound monetary
system will provide for the free coinage
of gold. It may also providefor the free
coinage of silver and any other metals
that business men may actually wish to
use as standards, but not at .any legal
tender ratio between the metals. Each
metal will simply be stamped,“ under
perfectly distinct names for the pieces,
as to its weight and quality and left to
pass for its own market value, so that
on a contract the only legally sufficient
discharge or tender shall be the metal
named in contract. If, then, business
men see fit to draw their contracts gen
erally for one metal in perference to
another, no one can find fault, and ex-
isting debts, which have been made on
the faith and credit of the gold dollar
of 23.22 grains of fine gold, will be am-
ply protected. In order that the govern-
ment may not seem to throw its influ—
ence for the use of either metal in par~~
ticular it .may be well to provide that
the government will receive ,both met-
als indiscriminately for their market
values at the time of receipt. "
Uncle Sam's White Elephant. '
9%“
.‘ I [ll/I . ///: ‘
Boles Bolts Sixteen to One.
Under circumstances as they now ex-
ist, with silver demonetized by the
great commercial countries of the globe,
with the frightful chasm that separates
the commercial value of the metals
constantly widening and in the light
of our own recent national election I
cannot bring my ‘own mind to believe
that the free coinage of silver at the
ratio of 16 to l with gold is within the
reach of its friends, nor can I help the
fear that it would not be desirable even
if attainable. ,
I have never been able to say and
cannot now say that I know free coin-
age at such. a ratio under existing con-
ditions without safeguards of any kind
to maintain the parity of the metals
would not drive gold out of circulation
and leave us, practically at least, upon
a silver basis—Horace Boies.
Plenty of Gold.
A good deal of complaint is made as
to the small amount of gold in the
world. It is the very fact that gold is
found only in small amounts that makes
it so desirable for currency. If it was
as abundant as iron, it would be“ as un-
available as iron for money purposes.
As to the comparative quantity, there
has not been five years since 1850 when
there has not‘ been a much larger
amount of gold in the world in propor-
tion to. the necessity for its use than
there was in the preceding five years,
to the necessity for its use for business
than there ever was before. —‘Hou. John
De Witt Warner. ‘4
Reform It Now.
A period of real or apparent prosper-
ity is the one inwhich to demand cur-
rency reform. [11 hard times the people
I will not take kindly to that reform,
* quack remedies which are. too credulous-
1y regarded. ‘
necessity.
The time to agitate tor it is now.—
Brooklyn Eagle. '
.-...._.-___._.l._ .
The Farmer's Klondike.
With wheatat $1, With prospects that
it will go higher, what use has. the
Maryland farmer for any Klondike ex-
. cursion tickets?—Baltilnore American.
them. ' Is ’anything ‘ more needed? If .
fectly obvious that a delivery of what
fillment of the contract to deliver goods.
nized by the law as a legal tender, or a‘»
and there is more today in proportion "
and the cranks crowd to the front with .
Currency reform 11% the next duty and"
CANOVAS’ GREAT POWERf
“IfI Made Him King How Can‘fle Make
Me Duke?" He Said Refusing Honors.
Canovas del Castillo was the great-
est political factor and povver in Spain
since the time of the Duke of Olivares,
the favorite of King Philip IV. Ca'no-
vas exer ed an extraordinary control
over the‘late King Alfonso XII., who
could never forget that he owed him
his crown. The fact is well known
that the King never dared to contra-
dict . Canovas, and in the few instances
in which he expressed opinions con-
trary to those of his Prime Minister
the latter’s angry look was enough to
make the King yield. The Queen Re-
gent inherited from her husband the
same respect for the iron-handed rul-
er. During the life of Alfonso the
Queen had a grudge against the Prime
Minister, because she was jealous of
his influence over her husband. She
loved Alfonso passionately, and her
jealousy of some ladies of the 'court‘
1 ‘~ ..
Wfl'w'lfllll, l
{M
\' ' l '
CANOV AS DEL =flAS'l‘lfLLO.
gave rise to several scandals in the
palace. Canovas always interfered,
rebuking her for her conduct.
The last scandal was about, the
spring of 1891. The Queen found the
King promenading in the garden of
the palace with one of her rivals. In a.
sudden fit of anger, she horsefwhipped
both. The news Spread through the
nation and the‘ monarchy was threat-
ened. Two hours after the event Can-
ovas, without even announcing him-
self, entered the private rooms of the
Queen and said to her:
“Madam, a constitutional queen has
not the common rights of a wife. Your
marriage was not one of love, but of
state. Before your private feelings
are the interests of the monarchy.
To—morrow you will leave Spain for
Austria, and you will await my orders
in Vienna.”
She did as he said. A few months
later the Queen returned, and from
that time on she had no other will
then that of Canovas.
The man who told Canovas that he.
was a great poet—although his verses
are really void of any pOetical quality
—was sure ,to gain his favor. He was
a great scholar, he had the largest pri-
vate library in Spain, he was a good
historian, a great orator, and Spain’s
mighty ruler, but he, could be satisfied
only with the glories he lacked, those
of the poet. ‘
Such a man in his public life, Can-
ova‘s Was by a singular contrast, ex-
actly the reverse in private life. He
married, late in life, a. woman much
younger than himself, who is said to
have had a powerful influence over
him. When he was a bachelor, his
valet, an old man whom he knew wheh
he first went to Madrid as a. poor stu-
dent, was his tutor. When Canovas
came home late he chatted with the
valet like a child. He never dressed
but as the valet wished, and many
times he confessed that he was greatly
afraid of him.- With his intimate
friends he was overkind, and they all
loved him as few men are IOVed. His
friends presented to him the handsome
house in which he lived in Madrid,-
and before his marriage he had al-
ready a large fortune from their boun-
ty.
The public did not know these child-
ish traits of the man and his private
virtues. He was personally honest,
but no one believed him to be so.
What the public saw was the harsh
and cruel Minister, who always re- ~
sorted to the sword to quell any rev-
olutionary attempt. 'He was for all
“the proud Canovas,” the man who
considered himself superior to all
Spaniards, and even to his King, the
man whorefused a title of nobility
from Alfonso XII.," saying: “If I made
,him King, how can he make me
Duke?” W'hen the Queen, after her
husband’s death, insisted again upon
giving him a. title,,it is said, that he
answered:
“I am "perfectly satisfied, Madame,
with being Canovas del Castillo.”
HER FRANKNESS.
Miss Upta Daight—I’d like to see a.
man ~kiss me! .
‘ - Wyle Doates—No doubt; but I'm sur-
prised t_o hear you admit it. . -
J‘I
- we... 4.
LILLIAN MALL’S LONELY POST.
[he Girl.Who Reports the Passing Ships
at Highland Light, Cape God.
or 2.11 the ”odd careers Cape Cod has
seen its women take up none is further
from the beaten track than that of Li1«
ilan Small. Visitors to the big High-
land Light, under whose shadows lie
the wrecks of so many brave vessels
that the ocean bed thereabouts is one
vast sailors’ graveyard, see a tiny
house
This is Miss Small’s home.
Years ago, when she was only a
child, the Boston shipping men estab-
lished this little place as a. station
wnere outgoing vessels might be spok—
en and send back any forgotten word
orvreceive any delayed or neglected or-
llers for their voyages. Incoming ships
were to be reported and their arrival
made known to the cousignees long be—-
fore the vessels dropped anchor in Bos-
ton harbor. Lillian Small’s father
was appointed to the post of signal
master. As Lillian grew up her play-
things were the big telescope, with
which she learned to read the names of
passing ships, and the telegraph key
that ticked the ship’s names to the'
Boston ‘end of the telegraph wire that
ran out of the‘ little house. In time she
was sent to a boarding school. Like
many other Cape Cod girls, Miss Small
intended to take up some occupation in
Boston. Her brothers, who might have
succeeded and helped their father, were
unable to do so, and she gave up the
fun and excitement of life on the main-
land to go back to the loneliest spOt on
the coast and be her father’s assistant.
The small house is perched on the
high cliffs to Which it is guyed. It
faces the water and Miss Small’s first
duty is to keep perpetual watch over
the ocean, for every sail running close
enough to be distinguished. All the
regular- ships know the station and
keep near enough the coast to be made
out. A four—foot telescope is arranged
through a pane in the window, and
when a. sail comes in sight the girl
makes out the vessel’s name and re-
ports it to Boston together with any
message there may be. *
Several sets of flags of the interna-
tional code are provided. Then there
are rockets and Boston lights and Ian-
Lel‘ns. A big pole stands outside, on
which Miss Small runs up signals mak-
ing whole sentences, to carry on con-
versation with the ships sailing slowly -
by. It seems a lonely life; but there's
always the man at the Boston end of
the wire, with plenty of messages.
In her dainty white and blue bed-
room are a bell from the telephone and
a ticker from the telegraph key. Some-
times in the middle of the night one or
the other breaks .nto her drums—New
York Sun.
r-u.
Durability of the’Yellow Alaska dollar.
The durability of this timber is forci-
bly illustrated by fallen trunks that
are perfectly sound after lying in the
lamp woods for centuries. Soon after
lhese trees fell they are overgrown'
with moss, in which seeds lodge and
germinate and grow up into vigorous
saplings, which stand in a row on the
backs of their dead ancestors. Of this
company of young trees perhaps three
or four will grow to full stature, send-
ing down straddling roots on each side,
:nd establishing themselves in the
soil; and aftersthey have reached an
{go of two or three hundred years, the
..chl trodden trunk, on which they are
.tanding, when cut into, is found as
lie h in the heart as when it tells-Cen-
lll'y. I
They Cannot Gilt Their Fingers.
' It is perhaps not generally known
that the skin of some nations is much
thicker than that of others. Particu-
larly is this true of those who live in
very hot countries. ' .
The Central African negro has a
skin about half as thick again as ours,
and in India doctors have to use a
lancet ground in a particular way
for vaccinating the tough hides of
Hindoo babies. Particularly over the
head and back is the skin of a negro
thickest—evidently a provision of Na-
ture for protecting him from the burn-
ing rays ofa tropical sun.
near the whitewasher tower;-
HOOD’S SONG OF THE SHIRT.-
flo Was Proud of His Production and be-
sired the Title On His Tombstone. '
During his last‘ illness Tom Hood
911 an idle moment made an imagina-
tive sketch of his own tombstone says
the Philadelphia Ledger. He drew
aimself reclining at full length on a
thick slab of stone, on the» edge of
which, in large capitals, he wrote:
‘He Sang ‘The Song of the Shirt.’ ”
[‘his was the only inscription. Andx,
;s he himself has said. Tom Hood
needs no other.
How much has felt and prided him-
;elf upon the song by which he be- .
lame known and loved by millions, is
shown by this. and the“ following fact:
‘If I were ennobled,- these are ”the
lrms I should adopt,” said he one
lay, showing a rough vignette to a
lriend. The sketch contained a. very
oeautiful and pathetic idea. It repres-
ented .a heart pierced by a needle
threaded with silver tears, and beneath-
was the motto he had inscribed on the
. 'maginary tombstone.
“The Song of the Shirt” appeared
n the Christmas number of the fifth
volume of “Punch.” Itwas unsigned,
out every paper in the land quoted it
0
and. it speedily became the talk of the .
day. Hood himself did not think it
very remarkable, but Mrs. Hood had
said to him as she folded it for the
press: “Now, mind, Hood, mark my
words, this will tell wonderfully. It
is one of the best things you ever
lid.”
Mrs. Hood was right; The song was
Eranslated in French; German and
ltalian. It was printed on'cheap cot-
ion handkerchiefs and parodied times
without number. “But what delighted
and touched my poor father most
19613135” says Tom Hood’s son, “was
that the poor creatures to whose sor—
[ows and sufferings he had given such. .
eloquent voice seemed to adopt its
words as their own by singing them
about the streets to a rude air of their
3*. compo’sitionfi’
ENGLISH PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
The British Government More Ecconom'r.
‘ ‘ car Than Onr’s. . .
The British Government sells all its
publications. It gives nothing away.
If you want a copy of a'bill that has
been introduced into the House of
Commons, or a report that has been.
presented to the House of Lords. or'
any public matter
in the London
County Council or the Board of Al-
dermen of the city, you have to pay
postage if it is sent through the mails.
In our country nearly all omcial docu-
ments of' this kind are given away, and '
are sent free through the mails under.
a frank. The British plan seems to be
themoreflsensible. It saves millions
of dollars every year that are Wasted
in the United States to furnish public
documents to people who doth care
anything fbr them, and who throw
them‘into the waste-paper basket as
soon as they are received. The charge
for official publicatiOns is only suflie
cient to pay the cost and a. small mar-
gin for wastage. Thus the Govern-
ment Printing Ofl‘ice i's self-supporting
and the postal service pays a profit of
$10,000,000 of $12,000,000 annually into
the Treasury. 0n the contrary, on
our side of the Atlantic, it costs $5,000,-'
000 or more to pay for printing for
which no one is the wiser, and our
Post Office Department declares an
Irish dividend of $9,000,000 or $10,000,-
000 every year, much Of it is due to
the transportation of “pub. docs.”
———Chicago Record. ‘
Turbo-(:1 futélllgonce Jolted.
It is told that a young farmer of wes—
tern Burke county wrote to the State
Board of Agriculture for intermation
regarding some part of his farm work,
and the board replied by a type written
letter. This made the young farmer
mad, he taking the typewritten letter -
as an insinuation that ‘he could-"not
:ead “pen and ink writing." He im-
mediately sent the letter back to the
department, with a message to them
lot to send him any more “printed
etters;” that he 'could .read writin".
_'it.”—-Morganton Hegald.
. THE ORIGINAL
. _ ladle
Stamped “BOSS”
Always the Same-
. J; .. - . .
the-way and stays
nickel-plated—no tin; outside oil-filler: cotton
packed oil fount; double convex ground'photo-
lens; bums kerosmathrowsalightfio {Land
weighs but 12 ounces. ' 2 f
Three years a leader, and “three years' 3‘ " ‘
. improvements now added. Absolutely the '
handsomest’ and best bicyclelamp ever made.
Sold by all leading dealers.
' THE PLACE 8i TERRY MFG.
_ . .247CentreSlreet,NewYOl-ha .
See our new. chea V. lampéthc‘ “Searcher."
1;, o ”N.” 9;°-o.,.°.'°..-
Alibrass.
lighted.
l .
Norwalk Chronicler