0110 Cent.
A 1:50] utely Independent.
TUESDAY FEBRUARY 17. 1891.
* wow.
Struggles and Triumphs of the
Citizen, Soldier and Patriot.
THE LAST OF THE GREAT TRIO.
SIIERM AX.
GEN. “I '1‘.
[‘r'rom his lair-:1 photograph}
it is interesting to note the stock from
The Sherman family
came from Sussex, England. One branch
produced {oger Sherman, \Villiam M.
Iivarts and George F. iloar. Another gave
us the two brothers. SenatorJohu and Gen.
\Villiam 'llecumseh Sherman. The father
of these two distinguished men, Charles R.
Sherman. was a judge of the Ohio supreme
court, and during the war of 1812 had acted
as com missary of subsistence. Being a
;_'-eat admirer of the Shawnee chief Te-
cumseh, when the child destined to become
one of the great ehieftains of the civil war
was born Judge Sherman gave him for a
second name "Tecumseh.”
\Villiam Tecumseh Sherman was born at
Lancaster, 0., on the 8th of February, 1820.
His father died when he was 0 years old,
and the boy was taken into the family of
lion. Thomas Ewing, who always treated
him as a son. At the Lancaster academy
he studied the ordinary branches, besides
Latin, Greek and French. Mr. Ewing be-
whieh heroes spring.
ing a United States senator, and having a 5
cadet‘s appointment. at his disposal, noti-
fied the youngster to prepare for West
Point. In 1834, however, Sherman was
employed as rod man with the engineers 5
locat ing the Hocking Valley canal, receivv ]
Z ator John Sherman, who introduced him
ing a silver half dollar a day for his work.
Leaving Lancaster in the latter part of f
May, 18:50, he went to \Vashington to re- '
port to Senator Ewing, traveling over the L
great. National road to Frederick, hid. l
There he was told that he could take cars 1
to \‘Vashiugton, but “not having faith in
the novel and dangerous railroad,” he says
in his memoirs, he stuck to the coach. From
\Yashington he went to Baltimore by rail, .
thence by boat to Havre de Grace, thence by
rail to \Vilmington. Del.. and thence up
the Delaware by boat to Philadelphia.
After a few days of: delightful sightseeing
he took boat to Bordentown, rail to Am-
boy, and boat to New York. There he met
William Scott, the hquand of one of his
cousins, “a neatly dressed young fellow,”
he says, “who looked on me as an untamed
animal just caught in the far west, ‘fit for
gunpowder" and nothing else.” Thcsteam-
er Cornelius Vanderbilt took him to \Vest
Point, where he arrived on June 12.
Sherman was a good scholar. He stood
sixth in a class of forty-three, and but for
the demerits for his inattention to rules
and regulations would have stood even
higher.
sioned a. second lieutenant in the Third
United States artillery, to l'EINH‘lel) Gover-
nor’s Island, New York, where he was as-
signed to the command of a company of
recruits preparing for service in Florida.
In Florida, South Carolina and California.
Gen. Zachary Taylor was then in chief
command in Florida, and Col., afterward
Maj. Gen, ‘Worth commanded the Eighth
infantry at St. Augustine. Sherman went
with his company to St. Augustine, and
seems to have learned more there about
wearing fish than shedding blood. The
Seminole war was over, the Indians were
scattered, and the duties of the soldiers
were prim-ipally hunting up the fragments
museum’s NEW Yonxi RESIDENCE, 75 WEST
. sEvlax'rr-L‘Iusr STREET.
lo send west. He said then that the policy
was the worst possible. Florida, almost
surrounded by water, was the best place
on the continent to control and civilize
Indians, and was intrinsically worth much
less to the whites than the Indian terri—
Lory.
After three years in Florida and a visit
home he was detailed to assist Col.
Churchill, inspector general of the army,
in taking depositions in upper Georgia and
Alabama concerning “losses by volunteers
in Florida by reason of the failure of the
United States to provide sufficient forage.”
This duty took him to Marietta, Ga, where
he bccmnc familiar with the ground over
which twenty years afterw‘ard he was to
lead a great army. His pcregrinat-ions ex-
tended from Bellcfonte, Ala., to Atlanta,
(311., and his knowledge of the region was
Upon graduation he was commis— i
so minute that twenty years later, giving
an order to Gen. McPherson to ascend
Kencsaw mountain, he said, “Half way up
you will find a plateau and peach orchard
——a. good place for your men to take breath
before the assault.” He had visited the
orchard many times during his former
stay.
Early in 1846 he was a first lieutenant at
Fort Moultrie. Si 11 gularly enough, the com—
pany was commanded by Capt. Robert An-
derson, who fifteen years later was to hold
the fort while the storm of civil war was
gathering about it. Gen. Taylor was at
this time at Corpus Christi, Tex. Sherman
was ordered north on recruiting service
and assigned to duty at Pittsburg, Pa.
Here he heard of the battles of Palo Alto
and Rosaca de la Palma, and chafed under
the quiet duties of a recruiting officer.
Impatient to reach the scene of active
operations, he left his corporal in charge of
his recruiting office and took what men he
had gathered to Newport Barracks, oppo-
site Cincinnati. “I then reported in Cin—
cinnati,” says Sherman, “to the superin—
tendent Of the western recruiting service,
Col. Fanning, an old officer with one arm,
who inquired by what authority I had
come away from my post. I argued that I
took it for granted he wanted all the re-
cmits he could get to forward, and did not
know but he might want me to go along.
Instead of appreciating my volunteer zeal
heswore at me for leaving my post and
told me to go back to Pittsburg.”
He was soon, however, assigned to a com-
pany under orders for California, and on
the 14th of J uly, 1846, sailed from New
York. Thus was be deprived of the experi-
ence that others found so useful when the
great war made the captains and lieuten-
ants of ’46—’48 the generals of ’61—’65. While
in California Sherman heard that the Mex-
ican war was over.
Two years later he returned from the
Pacific coast with dispatches to the war
department, visited his mother and re-
turned to W'ashington, where on May 1,
1850, he was married to Ellen Boyle Ewing,
daughter of his foster father, then secre—
tary of the interior. It was a “swell wed—
ding” indeed—Jolie most brilliant of that
“season”—and there were present Clay,
\Vebster, Benton, President Taylor and all
his cabinet and many other distinguished
men.
Mrs. Sherman died in November, 1888, at
the home in New York, at the age of 64, after
a happy married life of 38 years. She was
buried at St. Louis.
After a bridal tour to Niagara and a.
business trip to California and return to
Lancaster Lieut. Sherman resigned his
commission and entered a banking firm in
San Francisco. He remained through six
stirring years; then came the panic of 1857;
the bank was closed, and in 1859 be located
in Leavenworth, Kan, as lawyer and real
estate agent. H e found the life insupport-
ably dull, and eagerly embraced an offer
( for which he was somewhat indebted to
Maj. D. C. Buel, afterward general) to take
the place of superintendent of the Louisi-
ana Military academy. But he held it
little more than a year, for the great con-
flict was at hand.
Opening of the Civil \Var.
His resignation was accepted on the 1st
of April, 1861. He had already sought the
presidency of a St. Louis horse railroad,
and meanwhile visited his brother, Sen-
to the president as just from Louisiana.
GEN. SHERMAN IN ’65.
Gen..Sherman thus reports theinterview
in his memoirs:
“ ‘Ah,’ said Mr. Lincoln, ‘how are they
' getting along down there?’ Isaid, ‘They
are getting along swimmingly—they are
preparing,r for war.’ ‘Oh, well,’ said he, ‘I
guess we’ll manage to keep house.’ I was
silenced, said no more to him and soon
left. I was sadly disappointed, and remem-
ber that I broke out on John, damning the
politicians generally, and saying: ‘You’ve
got things in a h of a fix, and you may
get them out as best you can,’ adding that
the country was sleeping on a volcano
that might burst forth at any minute, but
that I was going to St. Louis to take care
of my family and would have nothing to
do with it.”
The apparent cheerfulness and hopeful—
ress of the president was doubtless dis-
(-ouraging then to many others, who did
not know of the load behind it. Of all the
eyes that looked into the future none saw
farther than Mr. Lincoln’s.
Sherman was elected president of the
horse railroad, and entered upon his duties
April 1, 1861. Twelve days after came the
firing ouSumter. Sherman was offered
the chief clerkship in the war department
through Montgomery Blair, with a pros-
pect of being assistant secretary of war,
but declined. He says Frank Blair int-i-
mated to him that he would secure his-ap-
pointment as brigadier general, and to the
position Lyon afterward held, but that he
declined this office. For the work to be
done in the field Lyon was perhaps a bet-
ter man than Sherman. Lyon was ready
to act in those fermenting times when
there was little or nothing to work with,
while Sherman’s strength was only devel-
oped when the ineans were at hand and
the machinery in fine working order.
Sherman formally offered his services by
letter to the secretary of war on May 8,
1861. Six days later he was appointed
colonel of one of the new regular regi-
ments, the Thirteenth infantry.
Delays and Disasters of ’61.
In June, 1861, he was assigned to the
command of a brigade in the Army of the
Potomac, and Bull Run was the first mili-
tary contest of any kind that. he saw or
took part in—“when,” he says, “for the
first time in my life I saw cannon balls
strike men and crash through the trees
and saplings-abch and around us, and re-
alized the always sickening confusion as
one approaches a fight from the rear; then
the night march from Centrcville, on the
Warrenton road, standing for hours won-
dering what was meant; the deployment
along the edge-of the field thatslopesdown
to Bull Run, and waiting for Hunter’s-ap-
proach on the other side from the direc-
tion of Sudley Springs, away off to the
right; the terrible scare of a poor negro,
who was caught between our lines; the
crossing‘of ‘Bull Run’ and the fear lest we
should be fired on by our own men; the
killing of Lieut. Col. Haggerty, which oc-
curredvlin plain sight,.aml the first. scenes
flu:.!.l a-" - 0U-w~.JI-a—-
of._a. field strewed with dead men and
horses.” Thus‘does Gen. Sherman graph-
ically picture his entrance to his first battle.
,Then followed the period of reorganizag
tion. McClellan was soon in command of
all the armies of the United States. Sher-
man was made. a brigadier general, and on
the 24th of August was ordered, with his
former classmate, George H. Thomas, to
the department of the Cumberland to re.-
port to Gen. Robert Anderson, once cap-
tain of the battery in which Sherman
served at Fort Moultrie, S. C.
Buckner was at the time supposed to be
marching on Louisville; the state of Ken-
tucky was endeavoring to' preserve her
neutrality, and there was a very small
Union force at hand with which to make
a defense. Sherman advanced to Mul-
draugh’s Hill with. such volunteers and
home guards as could be collected. Gen.
Anderson’s health was not equal to the
command of so many conflicting elements,
and on the 8th of October, 1801, he pub—
lished an order relinquishing his com-
mand, which fell on Sherman as next in
rank in that department.
It is impossible for the student of war
history to peruse the record of Sherman’s
administration in Kentucky and his subse-
quent advance to Atlanta without wonder-
ing that the same. Sherman acted in both
fields. Sherman in Kentucky found him—
A COUNCIL OF WAR.
self an unwilling conunander. “Looking
at his field,” say Messrs. Nicolay and Hay
in their “Life of Lincoln,” “with a purely
professional eye the disproportion between
the magnitude of his task and the imme—
diate means for its accomplishment op-
pressed him like a nightmare.”
His impatient temper soon set his rather
V sarcastic tongue in most inj ud icious action.
Secretary Cameron came in person to lis—
ten to his complaints and asked what he
wanted.
“Sixty thousand men at once, and 200,000
before we are done,” was his reply.
It is definitely recorded that for once in
his life Simon Cameron was shut up.
\Vhen he repeated this to Adjt. Gen. Lo-
renzo Thomas he added: “Sherman is
crazy. He wants $300,000 men sent to Ken-
tucky!” The next day it was in the papers
that the secretary thought Gen. Sherman
crazy—a newspaper correspondent was
present to hear the remark. And every
word that Sherman said to Cameron was
in print within a week. In another week
Gen. Sherman was “relieved and ordered
to report at St. Louis”—to Gen. l-Ialleck.
Shiloh and Vicksburgf
One of the most fortunate things that
happened to Sherman and the Union cause
was the order for him to report to Grant
at Paducah. He had started out with the .
same disposition as other generals, who
were destined to become gigantic failures,
to magnify the difficulties in the way and
take a discouraging view of his own re—
sources. In Grant he found a man who
was always ready to act with what mate—
rials were at hand, who from the first
was looking at his front rather than his
rear. Sherman was a man who could profit
by the contact, and doubtless to this fact
more than any other is duchis final tri—
umph as one of the great leaders of the
war.
He was at Paducah when Fort Henry
and Fort Donaldson were taken. On the
10th of March, by order or llalleck, he em—
barked his division at Paducah and at
Fort Henry reported to Gen. (1. F. Smith,
by whose orders he joined Grant at Pitts-
burg Landing.
At the battle of Shiloh Sherman com-
manded his division. For the. second time
he had an opportunity to take partiu a.
great battle, andin command of three or
four times as many men as he led at Bull
Run.
On the 11th of April Gen. Halleck ar-
rived at Pittsburg Landing and assumed
personal command. Commanding his
division with the right, Sherman was a
witnch to Halleck’s illustration of the art
of war as laid down in the books by ad-
vancing an army of over 100,000 men, by
regular siege methods, on Corinth, a place
of no especial natural strengtlrand de-
fended only by dirt andfiabout 50,000 Con—
federates. Grant knew that the siege of
Corinth was a farce, but Sherman, who
was full of impulse and still had a great
deal to learn, spoke of it as “a victory as
brilliant and import-ant as any recorded in
history.”
Then came the operations about Vicks‘v
burg and on the Yazoo river. Sherman‘s
command consisted of four divisions. lie
attacked the Confederate fortifications
above the Chickasawbayou and was driven
back. having lost 1,900 men to a Confeder— ‘
ate loss of 200.
His failure in Kentucky had been fol-
lowed by his failure at Vicksburg, and he
was neither trusted by the oeople nor by
the administration. McClernand assumed
command of Sherman’s army, except two
divisions, and Sherman issued a farewell
SHERMAN’S ARMI' DESTROYING Tlll‘l MACON
IAILROAD.
address. Then with his two divisions be
accompanied McClernand’s army to Ar-
kansas post. llere in the investment he
was given the advance, and in the assault
that followed exhibited, according to Me—
Clernand’s report, “his usual activity and
enterprise.”
Sherman was assigned to the left of
Grant’s army when the litter prepared for
the movement by which he should get-to
. <‘m.5> PI. 5 I can SJ: 4.8.". ..r‘ (3 [I
the rear of Vicksburg. Having been or-
dered to make a feint against Vicksburg,
Sherman ran up to Haines’ Bluff, disem-
barked under a. heavy gunboat fire, and
kept the enemy in momentary anticipation
of an attack till he had reason to suppose
that the crisis with the main army had
passed. Then he joined Grant in time to
engage in the general advance. The oft
told history need not be retold here.
The Atlanta Campaign.
For his brilliant services in Mississippi
Sherman was made. a brigadier general in
the regular army, and was left in com—
mand of the division of the Mississippi,
embracing the. departments of the Ohio, .
Cumberland, Tennessee and Arkansas. The
army of the Ohio was under Schofield, that
of the Cumberland under Thomas and
that of the Tennessee under McPherson.
On the 10th of April, 180i, the total force
of these three armies was 3573,000 men—on
paper. Those. present for duty were 180,—
000. Out of this force Sherman prepared '
100,000 men for active operations, leaving .’
80,000 to guard the. immense territory, the .
lines of communication, railroads, bridges,
depots, ctc., behind him. The force of en-
gines and cars required to carry food _ for
his army be. estimated at 100 locomotives
and 1,000 e. rs. ‘
There were but (30 locomotives and 000
cars at hand. Sherman instructed his mas-
ter of t-1‘;insport:xiir.;:1 to hold all rolling
stock arriving from Louisville at Nash-
ville. ln this way be accumulated suffi-
cient cars and engines to transport food to
his armies.
Gen. Joseplilrl. Johnston was in his front
with an army of 42,000 men. Johnston
was afterward joined by an additional
force. of 22,000 men. Thus the armies stood
at 100,000 to 04,000. lly the 1st of June
Sherman had lost 10,000 men, and John—
ston 123,000. "he force then stood, Sher-
man 00,()00, Johnston 51,000, showing asur—
plus of 39,000 for Sherman.
In a limited s; ace it is impossible to give
an account of the. different battles fought
in this campaign. It will be more inter—
esting to note the features of the struggle,
the objects to be gained and the ad vantages
and disadvantages on either side. Sherman
having a superior force, and being each day.
drawn farther from his base, was anxious
to bring on a. battle. [Johnston must either
fight a force exceeding his own by nearly
40,000 men, or at last demoralize his army
by prolonged retreat. The two armies
would come together; each would throw
up breastworks; the country being moun-
tainous, usually protected Johnston’s
right; Sherman would throw his surplus to
his own right, on the outer extremity of
which was his cavalry, and when about to
get in J obnst-on’s rear Johnston would re-
treat.
Sherman, grown impatient, decided to
attack at Kenesaw. The armies of the.
Cumberland and the Tennessee marched
forward to the assault. .‘The result was a
failure sea rcel y less bloody than Fredericks-
burg. Then Sherman once more threw
out his flanking column and Kenesaw fell.
Union pickets took possession one morn-
Flll‘lllT-lAN AT ATLANTA.
Sherman, who with
a glass was watching the pickets climb the ,
mg without a shot.
heights and saw them go over the crest, at
once ordered a quick pursuit. So the game
went on till Sherman was in sight of the
spires of Atlanta.
Then Johnston was relieved of his com— ,
mand by Jeff Davis, and Gen. llood was
putin his place. Ilood fell upon Sher—
man’s flank, McPherson was killed and
the Union forces driven back with great
loss. Sherman was held at bay in sight of
Atlanta for a month.
forced Hood to evzuaiate.
A southern writer has told a story of the
surrender of Atlanta in most graphic fash-
ion. It was known that Sherman with his
army was nearing the city, and the mayor, i
accompanied by a little band of citizens,
rode out‘to meet the general.
A sudden turn in the road brought them face
to face with a marching detachment, of men in
blue. A brief halt, a hurried explanation. A
Federal colonel rode up to the spot and asked
a. few questions. 'l‘hewhitc flag,the appear-
ance of the strangers in eitizcns’ garb and the
calm, measured words of Mayor Calhoun sat.-
isfied the. officer, and an orderly was at once
detailed to guide the visitors to the com-
mander‘s camp.
\Vlien the mayor and his friends were intro-
dueed to (ion. Sherman they saw before them
a man of ~15 who looked fully ten years older.
llis bronzed face was seamed with lines of euro,
and his eyes told a tale. of sleepless nights. His
wrinkled brow and his rough, closely trimmed
beard, together with his weather beaten field
uniform, made him look likcanything but a
holiday soldier, and his appearance contrasted
sl rikingly with the glitter and flaring colors of
i he imposing staff around him.
The stern commander, after a searching scru-
tiny of the faces before him, looked down at
the ground, while Mayor Calhoun quietly in-
formed llllll of the helpless condition of the
city, and briefly surrendered it upon the con-
dition that life, liberty and private property
should be protected.
Then the general looked up again, and in a
curt, businesslike. way Said that he would
grant the conditions requested.
“But this is war, you know,” he said in his
abrupt way; “yes, it, this is war, and I
must. place your town under martial law. That
won’t. hurt good citizens, but it will play the
devil with the bad ones.”
Shortly after midday the streets were blue
with companies and regiments of Federals.
All night the wagons and troops were mov-
ing into the city, and the next day the place
was crowded.
A dozen generals occupied the best houses,
in some cases compelling the original occu-
pants to move into other quarters. Gen. Sher-
man established himself very comfortably in
the present high school building, on the corner
of Mitchell and \V’ashington streets, and en-
gaged for a housekeeper an old lady who two
days before had been denouncing him as a
savage for whom even the worst fate was too
good. The two got along very agreeably, and
in less than a. week the housekeeper told her
friends that the general was the nicest manin
the world, and had been shamefully slandercd.
The rejoicing in the north at the fall of
Atlanta knew no bounds. Sherman from
having suffered unpopularity became an
idol. Many expected the war to end at
once; but there was still afox at large-who
must be caught. Hood had only imitated
Beauregard at Corinth when theConfed—
crate army disappeared before a superior
force to turn up elsewhere.
But when we consider Sherman’s on-
ward movement, with a line of’ several
[Coulimwd on Merl page]
The check was dis- .
couraging, but the great flank movement =
a .
DAILY - NORWALK- GAZETTE.
One Cent.
E. s. E55.
. Will open the Spring Trade in Outing Flannels by offering 2,000 yards
of the Best and Choicest Line of '
OUTING FLAN,NELS
This town or any other has seen at 10 cents per yard, usually sold at 1.5 cents per
. yard. Have a Special Bargain in
: Plaid Dress Goods for Spring at 490. per yard.
HAMBURG EMBROIDERY
- Stock is no“ complete. Have Novelties that cannot be found elsewhere. Our
Line of
FOMGN uuu uuuusriu uiuuuuus
Is the finest in town.
All Grades and Prices.
lEdward Street,
No. 5 Gazette Building, Norwalk.
Great FebruarySale of Dry Goods
~AT—m -_
1 Hill”
This week. We don’t offer old stock, but fresh goods boueht for cash
and sold at a. very small profit. Among the lot we Silitlloulful‘ the. host
Merrnnack Prints. new styles, 5 cents per yard Good Gingham». 7-'. cents
Good All, Linen Crash, 4% cents. Cotton Crash, 4 cents [“1116 Lax-«:1 Glass
Towels, 8 cents. Six pairs of Good Fast Black Hose for ‘23 cents b5! inch
Plaid Ladies’ Cloth. 80 cents, cheap at $1.25. A drive in l‘laial Cashmercs
at 3:.) cents. We have a drive in Sheeting, bleached and brown.
In the kitchen department we shall offer the Best Broom ever shown to
the people of Norwalk at 9 cents each. Call and see them.
KETTWe shall give you the best value for your money this spring you have
had in years. '
We have a few ULOAKS left and will sell them LESS THAN COST.
Other Goods not sold at cost, but less than any other house in town can
sell them. SCOFIELD & HOYT.
Buy Bargains in Carpets This Week.
SCOFIELD & HOYT,
NORWALK AND SOUTH NORWALK.
The Daily Gazette’s it.
1 Superb Gull Watch to he Presented in
the Most Popular Working Girl
in Nurualk. ‘_
{ The DAILY GAZETTE proposes to present to the most. popular
Working Girl in the town of Norwalk a handsome .(iohl
lValch. her popularily to be determined by a vole of lhe
‘ readers of the DAILY GAZETTE, the voting lo close. on Friday
May 1, the result lo be announced on Salurday. May 12d. '
I11 order lo facilitate the voting, and for the convenience ol
the voters, the appended official ballot will be prinled (‘lailv
in these columns. - ..
This ballot is to be cut out, and the blank lines filled in by
the voter, with the name of the candidate and her place of
employment and sent to the following address :
Gold 'Watch Editor, Daily Gazette,
Norwalk, Conn.
\
ABALLOTI
Daily Gazette’s Gold Watch,
.'For the Most Popular Working Girl in Norwalk.
Name I
Employed
Ballols sent addressed in any other manner than as above
are liable to be cast aside and not counted.
Any Working Girl working within the boundaries of the,
town of Norwalk is eligible as a candidate, whether employed
in the factory, store. office, or in the household. The progress
of the voting and the scores of the candidates will be an-
nounced from day to day, that voters may keep lhems:;-]ves
informed as to the standing of their respective favorite.
The watch will. be placed on exhibition in the window of
one of the prominent stores of the Borough. and will also be
exhibited in South Norwalk and East Norwalk.
And now the ball is opened. Let all join in. (Int out the
ballot. fill in and send to this office addressed plainly as
directed above.
Norwalk Chronicler