ii '
“WHAT lS EVOLUTION?”
By Lemuel I". l’arton
. , ("The main street 0: Dayton resch-
" for out into the world and for
item: the centuries," says Lemuel 10.,
1_¥arton. author of “What Is Evolu-
tion?" the first chapter of which
follows.
Mr. Psi-ton believes that this trial
to the little Tennessee court r‘boni.
y * which witnesses again "the age-old
‘\ .._..oleavage of humanity." will molte its
,3 chief participants, William Jennings
Bryan and Clarence Darrow. histori-
.. cal figures. 80 wide are the ramifi-
cations spreading from the discus-
sion of the questions involved in that
eyeltltion controversy. that it has
stirred men and even nations from
, the time of the ancient Greeks.
This series is in no way contro-
. vet‘sial. It is a non-partisan, non-
" technical attempt to tell, clearly and
, briefly. in simple language, Just what
evolution is and why its discussion
has played such an important part
in the history of thought.)
i
r.
\\'hat ls Evolution?
“Heaven and earth. centre and cir-
cumference. were made in the same
instance of time. and clouds full of
water. and man was created by tho
_, Trinity on the 26th of October, 4004
‘ > B. C.. at 9 o'clock in the morning."
Thus did Dr. John Lightfoot, vice.
chancellor of Cambridge University.
draw the meets and bounds of funds-
mentalist doctrine in 1654. ms find-
ings are given here, not as a fair
summary of the Mosaic account of
creation, but because they serve as
- a starting point in man's age-old
. ettort to box the compass of human
'origin and destiny.
The Two Extremes.
The modern worker in the realm
of chemical mechanics. reducing life
‘-‘ and its origins, its significance and
lits destiny to chemical formulae.
’ 3' stands at the other extreme. At a
third point is the man who sees no
. fundamental conflict between relig-
. .- ion and science, and who flinds for
the Biblical story of creation a non-
} literal interpretation, which brings
, if Within the range of modern sci-
entlflc findings.
These three points roughly en-
compass mun's greatest intellectual
‘- f» battle ground, and the issues invoiv.
ed may be traced front their dim be-
! glnnings. nearly 000 years before the
Christian em, down to the little
courtroom in Dayton. Tennessee,
where the giants or modern contro-
versy will ttssuil each other with
. arguments for and against the doc-
? trinc of evolution.
Those who have maintained that
man and the universe were created
to . by the direct flat of God have been
(in; _continuously opposed by speculative
thinkers of one school or another,
but it was not until the last century
.thgt the theories of the dissenters
‘ were given a scientificformulation.
It was then that the theory of evo-
', lutiOn became the spear-head... of:
those who challenged revelation.
It now seems inevitable that the
doctrine of evolution should have
flowered just when it did—at a time
when a command of new energies
was transforming life, a. time of in-
tellectual unrest, and a wider diffu-
sion of knowledge among the pee-
._ pie. The essence or the evolution-
: ary theory is change and its tired
comprehensive statement, in the “Ur-
igln of Species," by Charles Darwin,
.' came at a time of the most sweeping
7' "changes, profoundly affecting man's
relation to his environment—in fact.
M3,. these changes were creating a new
' environment, with the coming a the
industrial age. For this reason, the
entire controversy assumed an inter-
‘est ‘and importance ranging far be-
yond any merely academic discus-
slon.
Battle Last Three-Quarters
? i ol a Century.
'rhm are those who maintain that
philopsophlcs merely trail facts-
‘Lthat man acts in accordance with
immutable laws. and then bulwarks
*his new position with an appropriate
. philosophy. Whether this be true or
not. there Is no escaping the fact
I that evolution was an effort to square
’1' ”life with a changed environment.
’ , and hence touched so many facets of
life that it immediately challenged
. Lopposltion and aligned authoritar-
‘lans and scientists in .5 battle to the
death. Three-quarters of a century
haswvltnesscd no decision in this on-
counter. nor will the edict ot the
{court in Dayton. Tcnn., bring about
v!» ,,
i. ‘
l
a revelation, and those who exalt
human frailties as the only approach
to truth. ~
Unlnformcd opinion vaguely ac-
cepts the erroneous idea—which
will be discussed later in this series
—-thut the essence of evolution is
that man descended from monkeys.
'i‘his consideration has no doubt
added an interesting turn to the
discussion. but it is only one detail
among many vastly more important
phases of the subject. It is the
ethical cultural and social derive.-
ttves of the evolutionary theory—as
well as its challenge‘of revelation—
whlch today make the Dayton trial
almost as big a. story as a presiden-
tial election.
Herbert Spencer was the first to
mould Darwin's biological re-
searches into a philosophical matrix.
He deduced from them a new and
pragmatic theory of good and evil.
perhaps even more challlmging to
established religion than Darwin's
assault on the old cosmogony; he
stated the dynamic, pposed to
the static concept of ll 0, which is
the very essence of the ultra-mod-
ornist ethic: be outlined the doctrine
of “laisser faire," a profound ra-
tionalization of British imperialism;
he placed on the boards the question
of whether human society is an or-
ganism—a controversy which still
continues, and which is of great im-
portance as those who apply the
laws oi‘ organic evolution to society
are led into a. “biological determin-
ism" which again assalls the old
ethics and the old revelations.
Issues Involved in the Great War
Why is all this important? How
does it affect the average mun?
Read Blsmarck's address " to the
German ltelchstag of 1882. it re-
veals an interesting instance of the
continuous transmutation of phil-
osophies into the stuff of every day
life. Bismarck assalis Spencer's
doctrine of the "lhisser falre"—thc
individualistic conception of the or-
ganization of life and industry—and
contcinptuously scraps the British
industrial system as outworp and
useless in tile light of modern sci-
ence. Then, on the basis of evolu-
tionary teaching. he lays the foun-
dations of the later semi-socialized
German state, and the cxaltation of
might astlic only biological Justifica-
tion. \Vlndclband, L‘ucken and the
other German philosophers supplied
the philosophical buttresses to this
theory of statehood: for three de-
cades tiie controversy raged in sein-
inars, in lecture halls, in text books
and treatises—and then it was
echoed by the guns of Verdun.
Profound Issues Involved
It is not the province of these
articles to draw the line between
the proven and the conjectural or
to assess evolution with its perver-
sion by the German pundits. The
foregoing is cited merely in e pha-
sis of the fact that_ the Dayton
hearing is something more than a
“monkey trial;" that it involves is-
sues of profound and searching im-
portance: that it is the dramatic de-
nouciucnt of a human drains. which
began when man first sought an an-
swer for the enigma of life.
In the succeeding chapters of this
series an effort will be made to state
:lcnriy the general outlines of the
theory of evolution. without regard
to the contrmersial issues involved.
or the fundamental truth or falsity
of the theory.
(Continued tomorrow)
CO0LlDGil’S
SPEECH TO BE
BROADCASIED
CAMBRIDGE. Mass. July 1
(.\P).——Thc address of President
Coolidge be next Friday afternoon
in connccii with the 150th anni-
versary of Washington‘s taking com-
mand of the Continental Army will
be broadcast from the Common by
Edison light station \VEEI and will
be rebroadcast by Wontln'housc sta-
tion WBZ. 'The President will speak
at about 4:30 p. m.. daylight time.
an armistice. It is the age-old
- ‘struggle between those who hold to
:1
He will be introduced by Mayor
Quinn of Cambridge.
Hits. BflililEllN’S -
"REMARKABLE. llEtlthEllY
‘7‘ Gives Credit for Restored
l? hun’s Vegetable Compound-
s
__.._ .._.,_._J
F. IOHOELIN
puts. osca
Polll'l' CITY. 53;? first h'la
Ci , Iowa— c .l
; Margit: stzhort time an sts sick
' for I you after. When I bent over
and raised ”Mel-{h up ”£111,111! sot-it‘d:
.Imost ' W! I!!! .
am so ball that: I, to
g and get is
He gave me mad;-
an more good an if
a
g...
a
ter
a ' book telling
khtstg's Vegetable
ft in our car.
Health to Lydia E.
Pink-
All .
’ Women interested
table Compound now and I do slimy
housework and hel with the milking.
and taking care 0 chickens and gar-
den. Bestdes I have a fine baby girl
eight months old, 'ust the picture of
health, and I am. eelmg fine myself.
Yon.mayuse this letter as s testic
mental and I will answer an letters
asking about the Ve tab e Com-
un ”—Mrs. Oscstr . BORGELIN,
ute No. 5, Forest City, Iowa.
A Bad Cue of Nerves Relieved
Denver. Colorado. — “I was very
despondent, blue and sad all the time,
which ts worse than real pain, and
extremely nervous. with no appetite.
I was this way for about two years
an thought no one cared for me.
My mother had bad the some trouble
and had taken Lydia E. Pinkhsm’s
Vegetable Compound for it. I tried
ev ing else, then Ibegan to take
it. soonhsd sbettersp titesnd
restored mentaloondition. movedto
s bri ht, sunny house. calling
on ifiersnt lei an dung
many other th age. I slsoused Lydia
E. Ptnkhsm’s Sanctive Wash for my
female weakness. With the sad of
medicines I am now a fairly
Eesltbydis sndeonteutedwomsn.
I’veused egetsble Coin dst '
e
differonttimes sndwillssyi always
helps me over the bsd s lis that
ttles of the Veile-
come toevery woman t years."
-—Mn. HELEN FINE, South Wuh-
ingteu Street. Denver. Colorado.
4-:—
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Backseat: Sew-g Sinus
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I Hope new: V0" ‘N
53°“ lCAN SUP ON
POLICEMEN-OF .
NEW HAVEN TO
ASK INCREASE
Also Want B e t t e r
Working Conditions
And Extra Day Off a
Month
NEW “An-2N. July I WAN.—
A request for better working condi-
toins. an iron-use of one dollnra
day in salary. and one extra. day off
each tnonih will be made by New
Haven policemen to the board of
police commissioners at its meeting
next Monti-J. The request will be
presented by six delegates from the
force who were elected at two meet-
ings of the policemen yesterday.
The salary increase has been dis- '
cussed for some time by local police»
men. The request for an additional
day off each month follows the re-
ccnt action of the police board in
granting traffic policemen an addi-
tional day off each monthfl
FORMER LOCAL BALI. PLAYER
INJURED
BlilDtiEPOl’t’l‘. July 1 (.\P).-—-—
James Blugriff. 32 fell from a third
story porch ‘of his home here early
today and is now in St. Vincent's
Hospital in a paralyzed condition
irom injuries sustained in the fall.
Blagriff lived with his mother, who
died on Saturday and was buried
yesterday. He has iwen a semi-pro-
fessional ball player for several years
playing with teams here and in
Norwnik.
James Blegrlft was an outfielder
on the Springwood team last you.
Hlsnuwotts‘
. READY FOR 4TH
Ely Avenue Resident
Promises Surprise at .
His Annual Display
. In Springwood
A special 'surprlse is being ar-'
ranged by JimmieJ‘ife of 29 Ely
avenue, for his annual ilro works
display. Details of the affair are
not to be given out until the night
itself.
Erich fourth', for the past twenty
years. Mr. Fife has given a grand
free display for the benefit of all
who cared to come. lie makes his
own fireworks and everyone is cor-
dially invited to atte‘nd. The dis-
play will take place in front of his
house. ‘
ZlONiSTS HEAL
BREACH OVER
Pursuit FUND
Announcement T it at
1,000 U. S. Jews Are
Now '1‘ Homeland—
Nominations
\\'.\Slll.\'(‘-'i‘0N. July 1 (AP).—
lnrllcutlous that the breach in the
ranks of Americuu Zionists‘lms been
healed were found in se-
lection yesterday by the nom-
inations committee of the
Zionist Organization of America
of several former lenders of the
body for places on .tho executive
committee.
At the Cleveland Zionist conven-
tion in 1921 a group headed by Sn.
preme Court Justice Louis I). liran.
tic-ls, Judge Mack and Dr. Wise of
New York broke with the organiza-
tion mcr its establishment of the
Palestine. Foundation Fund as prin-
cipal financial agency for building
the valsh homeland in Palestine.
The group formed its own agency
for the project. the Palestine De-
velopment Council. but this recently
was merged with the newly-formed
Palestine Economical Corporation.
| SMALL
0 .W all Street
A report placed before the con-
vention by Dr. S. Bernstein. director
of the Palestine Bureau of the Zi.
onlst Organization. declared more
than 1,000 American Jews had emi-
grated to Palestine during the past
year. They took with them. the re-
port said. $5,000,000 in capital and
$300,000 in machinery.
Morris Rothenbt-rg. chairman of
the-directors of the Palestine Foun.
dation Fund, reported that 87,600,.
000 had been raised in the four years
of its organization and that 43 agri-
cultural colonies had been establish-
ed in Palestine.
—Advertlso in the Sentinel for
Nine best results.
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.| .19
ll—The Davies home in Concord
By Central Press.
CONCORDIA. Kan. July 1—
Nothing has ever shaken this little
town like‘the conviction of Charles
B. D vies, a leading citizen. on the
charge of importing Kansas City
thugs to slay his wife.
He is beginning a one to ten-
.vesr sentence in the penitentiary,
following a plea of guilty.
Concordia is endeavorlng to ac-
count tor Davics' desire to make
away with his wife. No motive was
brought out at his-trial.
Was it money? Mrs. D\avlss has
about 350.000. But if Davies had
wanted money. he could have ob-
tained 3100.000 in ten minutes just
by signing his name to a. note. That
was what Concordia thought of
him.
Was it a woman? Possibly.
who? No one can say.
Was it because of hate? No. they
were apparently happy. And Davies'
mind was crystal clear in the court-
room.
The attempted murder of -Mrs.
Davies occurred in her home in Cou-
cordla in October. 1924. The attempt
failed, Mrs. Davies recovered from
the murderous assault of the thugs.
and the plot was covered up by me-
put
., . ’Isl
king it appear a robbery had
curre‘ .
0c.
‘ s
.. .m Lin Llama“: «th m: Moms; .1
I”.
"-‘ -
mm. .
Davies then found himself at the
mercy of biaekmallers. who drove
him almost to the point of suicide.
And there came thoday when the
authorities got a tip-off.
Davies’ confession was obtained
after three hours' \grllilng by Press-
outor Leon W. Lundblade and Carl
Moore. constable. _
In his'Eénfessionhe said that. he
conspired with Walter Mosley and
Ray Bryan, Kansas City deputy
sheriff, to murder his wife. and that
they arranged with other gunmen to
commit the crime for $2.000 cash.
When the charges were made
Mrs. ‘Davies announced she was
through with her husband. At first
she hesitated. Then Ray Bryan
confessed that three dificrent plots
had been laid against her life. That
changed her.
“He‘s not going to‘“get in cm of
my money for his defense." she said.
"I’m through with Charles for
800d.”~ >
The plot against Mrs. Davies' life
was laid in the secretary's office i
the Elks' Club. Davies declare .
There the gangsters called and were
paid their blood money. only later
to return for hush money.
Ten persons have been named in
the murder and blackmail plots.
The: not ,
.K‘t.“v'," .:~.+ Insane. ?\~;-
TOWN SHAKEN ' AS LEADING CITIZEN IS ACCUSED I
U . . . -
I—Chsrles B. Davies, 2—Day Bryn n, 3—Wslter Emery, 4—8. is . Jones, 5—.\Irs. Mabel Kessler, B—Fred
Bird. 7—\\'alter Mosley. s—Lloyd Cornfield, Hack Hayden, Iii—Mrs. Davies (mother of the accused),
Walter Mosley. Kansas City.
Walter J. Emery. alleged bank
robber and-motor car thief, now
tentiary. .
Mabel Kessier, alias Mrs. Bob
Stewart, whose husband. Elmer
Door. is in tho penitentiary.
Ray Bryan former Kansas City
deputy sheriff.
Lloyd Canticld, who confessed be
ad received money from Davies.
Jack Hayden, who. it is alleged,
also was in on the blackmail deals,
new in penitentiary.
Grey E. Mchar. pal of Emmet.-
George Jones. called by Kansas
City police a bootleggcr.
J. M. Cash, although not a party
in the original crime. is accused of
being one of the most persistent
blackmailers.
‘Fredr "Pat" Bird. druggid. and
father of a youth who was slain in
year ago by Kansas City police dur-
ing a. filling station holdup. ‘
The person suffering mbst through
the expose of Davies is his aged
mother, Mrs. Sarah Davies. It was
to her home that Davies fled after
he had handed his wife It. folded
newspaper and said:
“I am leaving. Read this news-
paper and you will know the res.-
son. I can't explain it ”to you."
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Norwalk Chronicler