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._ WAY, AUGUST 29,19211
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ALBERT L. CLOUGH.
Copyright, 193.3. up 1 In: mm national syndicate
The Oil Seal
R We The Oas-Tightneu Of Pistons In Their Cylinder:
m ”BAKING of the evils resulting from the use of oil of interim
My or of oil seriously thinned with gasoline. the failure of the re-
’ m lubricating film between parts that move one upon the other i-
5 always dwelt upon and properly so. because such failure inevitably
,. results in excessive wear of the parts involved and heavy replacement
«you However. there is another very important function. which
all performs in an engine. via.: to make the pistons gas tight in the
cylinders. Anyone who has ever noted the almost total lack of con
presetou in the cylinders of an engine. which contains no oil. no matter
by how perfectly its pistons and rings may be fitted. will realise the truth
' of the above statement. The oil on cylinder walls. banks up in front cf
the rapidly moving piston-rings and fills the gaps between their entr-
es well as the spaces in the grooves under them and. in fact. occupie.
all ehhks. due to mechanical inaccuracies, through which gas would
othefwlse escape. If the quality of the oil is good. it will posseee
enough viscosity so that the gas pressures acting will be insufficient to
blow it out of the tiny spaces in which it is lodged and an almost per-
fectly gas-tight seal between pistons and cylinders will be the result.
On the other hand. if the oil is of too iow_initial viscosity. of a quality
which loses its ”body" by heat or if it has been greatly thinned by
admixture of heavy fuel ends. it will lack the cohesiveness required to
resist the pressure of the gases on the power and compression strokes
and they will “blow by" the pistons to a serious extent. The reduction
of power noticed in engines. which are running on inferior oil. which
cannot properly withstand high temperatures. or on gasoline-diluted
oil. is by no me-tns all due to the excessive friction of inadequately
lubricated parts. but is occasioned in no slight degree by cylinder leak-
age. resulting from the breakdown of the oil seal.
Dunlc prcsnnos‘lzanox i no Panoramas WEAR OU'rr
TREATMENT . 7
A. C. G. The cylinder,
head of my encine is notl
l
writes:
detachable. so that I cannot scrape
out elf-hon vlt‘pnslii. i hnnf a. pet-
COCR tulllmnl lll'” the in‘nke muni-
fold and. in nvvicr to rcmove the‘
carbon. l allnwud tho FITEIH‘ to;
luck in illrrr'llth it two grill-ms «qu
kerosene and then two :niions of‘
water. l'pon draining the crank.{
rare I found a pint of w.\t--r there; , .
This troitrncnt improvwi the run-: 1’. E. S. ‘llrltcg,
flint of the oration sonlnwh1t_ liut‘bcr‘n fillinli‘i: n.
My engine has
little "off color"
less than Living the carbon b‘lrncii ‘ lately and the mechanic at my
one. I“ 9‘... pnglno llkolv to ho Arm-Ire says that the trouble is
harmed. winie running with the caused by the carburetor. which is
keroseno nhvl wuter looking past'worn out and should be replaced
the rings? M’ 11 MW one. i don’t see mucl’.
Answv‘r: \Vs should not advise about a carburetor to woar out and
running it ionar or inst. with such would i.k»- to know from you
whllzor his Itntomcnt is correct.
Aunt-Pr: livery (Iv‘\li'fl that has
moving parts wears out in time.
and i"|1l’)l:rf‘3{lrs are no r‘xot‘pfltli‘i IO
'llls rulr‘. The throttle-valve is in
almost «wlnstnnt motion anti its stem
or shift wcnrs in iii bonrint.’ and
In enormous amount of korosr‘no
and bi] romg thrnuuh it. Thorn isl
no object in ”Sink! such a quantitv‘
of kernel-no n'wl tho use of wrun-
is of qu‘wtion'llll- lulu". The man.
ufacturcrs of this engine ndvicc
that one~hn'f pint of kcroaene he.
slowly sucked through it. car‘h'rmnlctimcs becomes so iooun us to
week thnt it is rr‘truinriy used, in. permit an nir icnk. that ru'n' scri-
order to kccp rovi'lcml carbon Clo-:OIlFly in‘crfvrc with low ppm-d en-
positlon and to kccp the incrusta- vino (Ilrvrzltion. Thu flout-valve
tions soft. but do. not claim thatioffcn wrnrs in its .Iru? llniil lt- wxil
kerosene will remove hnrtl carbon‘no lancer control the fuel icvei.
of longstanding. They recommend-‘Air-vnivo stems w'nr llntii their
the oxygen treatment when car-unive- atick or othcrwise give
bonimtion becomes serious.
‘l‘dfl.
trouble and their springs lose their
rc-ilicncy with lure. (‘nms and
linknzcs. used to operate air-valves
and motoring vulvos. become worn
and den-lop lost motion. which
prevents accurntc carbllration. De-
tcriorntion of a carburctor is rather
slow, but quitc certain and some-
what in proportion to the number
.of motion points invblvcd in its
yrlceign. Quito likely your mechanic
is hinht. if ymtr cnrhut‘t‘tnr has been
in active Inc for a longtime.
Shilling-ll
“Wild" Steering And Its Causes
Looms“ In 1. Steering Gear Makes Direction control Uncertain
' OCCASIONALLY ONE BEES A CAR which. instead of keeping in
“the straight and narrow path." swerves alternately to the right and
the left and takes up most of the road. in these "prohibition" days one
is apt to think that this is a “hootch” effect, but more than likely the
operator is an ardent follower of Volstead and is guilty only of having
let the steering-gear of his car go bad. Cars in this condition are I
serious menace to users of roads. especially where the treat: is heavy.
and it is the obvious duty of every motorist to keep his steering gear
in first rate order. but one which is too often neglected. as the condition
of unreliable operation comes on gradually and is frequently tolerated
long after it has become positively dangerous. It is not uncommon
to dad a car the steering wheel of which can be idly turned more than
one-eighth of a revolution. without deflecting the front wheels. this
lost motion or backlash being accounted for by the combined looseuess.
due to wear, existing in the worm-and-gear or other mechanism. at the
foot of the steering column. the ends of the drag~link. the king-bolts
and the yoke ends of the tie-rod. in the absence of appreciable loose-
ness at any of these points, the front wheels are held in a definite
"v direction by the irreversible (locking) action of the steering device and.
. if they are set for straight ahead travel. the car will continue in this
,. direction almost indefinitely. but when lost motion. as above described
.. exists. the front wheels are not restrained in a definite angular position.
i“ but are free to deflect through a considerable angle. large enough great
; ly to alter the direction of car travel and the direction of this free
‘ dedectlon is in the same direction in which the car has last been
intentionally steered. Assume that a car has been'headed straight
ahead. by turning the steering wheel right handed. The wheels cannot
, of themselves deflect to steer it to the left because all backlash hes
‘ been taken up in that direction. but they are free to wander so as to
, direct it to the right and road irregularities cause them to do so. The
operator at once turns the steering wheel left handedly to straighten
. the ear. leaving the gear with its backlash taken up in the opposite
direction. with the road wheels this time free to deflect further to the
left. which they promptly do when they .strike a stone. The car then
swerves to the left and these actions keep up indefinitely, the car
r
r.
v
swooping from one side of the road to the other.
mums NEED MORE lng any damage. but it would per-
, CLEARANCE haps be safer to have the platen
f and ring clearance slightly in-
creased.
f"... _ .
aruufl —_..__
,' WILL RADIATOR LEAK!
. OI“ THEMSELVES?
, '$ W. D.writes: Mycarwasina
collision the other day and the
radiator was strained severly
cnouifh so that water weeps slowly
out of several of the six lldfid
openings. both from the front and
back. At the service station. where
they fixed up my car. they told me
it wouldn't pay to have the radiator
taken off and repaired. as the leaks
lwould fill up with rust and stop
after a while. to think so?
Am: Such sight leaks often
do fill up with particles. carried in
the water which escapes through
them, until they stop temporarily
"I“
@
a.
.‘1
el‘
3..
~4—
a
. a.
r .
'. t. I. “we: I have just
is“ light weight pistons sub-
mted for the original ones in
I” car engine. thinking it
”I“ make it run better, but the
SI“ time I drove it. after running
about ten miles it lost most of its
power and soon after. it stalled on
I hill. M first the starter would
not crank it and it was only after
.~leyerel hours that I got it going
I could run it into a friend's
,, What is the matter? Are
. a. light pistons no good?
Answer: Your statement that
the dart" would not turn the en-
gine over. makes us suspect that
'the new pistons stuck in their cyl-
m causing it to stall. If this
theory is right. the pistons or their
1” or both were fitted too tight-
fi .1. when they expand by heat-
“ htnd in their cylinder-bores
and flick. We hope that the cyl-
w were not ass-etched
m pistom eetaed. If you
‘ areas-1
at least. but they are likely to start
again whenever the radiator is
cleaned out. Perhaps you might
as well wait and see what happens.
deferring repairs until they become
necessary. If the leaks should ever
become serious. while your car is
"“1 to arose heating on the road. you can probab etc
to the them. for the time hem by groin:
IMO. thick white lead into the defective
, ”one to cells. both fro '
It. cans. back. at the front and the
. of ”sculpture! to the Mom: an a.
,, «has. 4 "
5" ~.
1 :k, g
med
- mating. 1! ea um m to ‘
Suggestions for Motor-
ists Crossing the
Canadian Border
Before crossing from the United
States into Canada. stop at the Uni-
ted States Customs Ofllce at the
border.' Have all grips. tool boxes
and side trunks unlocked to facili-
tate inspection. Do not carry fire
arms of any character union on a
hunting expedition. ‘when it will be
neceeeary to get a permit from the
Cutoms Office.
American citizens do not require
passports.
No motor car will he allowed to
cross the boundary union the driv-
er has the certificate of registration
which verifies the registration num-
ber of the car. also the maker's
number. It would be well also for
the driver to carry chauffeur'e li-
cense certificate.
If the automobile is to remain in
Canada less than thirty day. a
touring permit is obtained from the
Canadian Customs officers at the
port of entry. which allows the car
to be run in the Dominion for one
month without securing a customs
bond.
If more than a thirty days’ stay is
planned in Canada. a customs bond
valid for six months must be se-
cured. guaranteeing thc rc-cxporta-
tion of the car within this period;
Canadian registration must be elfcc~
ted and licenses obtained. In or-
der to bring the car back into the
United States. duty free. on the re-
turn journcy. it must be registered
with the American Customs Office
at the International Border WHEN
LEAVING THE UNlTED STATES.
and a certificate of export obtained.
Canadian Customs officers are
most courteous. and if the motorist
will follow out the foregoing suggc-s-
lions. very little trouble will be ex-
pericnced.
Motorists golng up the Maine
coast to St. Andrews. St. John and
the Maritime Provinces, should cross
the St. Croix ltlvrr into New Bruns-
wick at Culnls to St. Stephen. ’l‘ho
L'nltcd States Customs office is l0-
cntcd at Calais near the approach to
the bridge. The Canadian Customs
Utilcc will be found at St. Stephen.
immediately after crossing ' thi-
bridgu.
To reach Northern New Bruns—
wick. Fredericton or Chatham on
the Gulf of St. Lawrence. it is pref-
erable to crass from Houiton. Aroo-
stook County. Mo. to Woodstock.
N. B. The American Customs office
will be found on the main street in
Houlton and the Canadian Customs
at Richmond Corner on the rood to
Woodstock.
On going from Maine to Quebec
via Jackman. the International
Boundary line is crossed thirteen
miles north of Jackman; the United
States Customs office is at the Jack-
man Post Office and the Canadian
Oilice is located at Armstrong. P. Q.
On the trunk line from New York
to Montreal the U. S. A. Customs
Office is at Rouses Point. and the
Canadian Station at Lacolle. P. Q.
At Niagara Falls the Customs Offices
are at each end of the Suspension
Bridge. From Detroit motorists
cross into Canada at Windsor. Ont.
The best time or year for motor
touring in Canada is in summer and
early fall. from May to October.
In the Provinces of Quebec and
Ontario main roads are generally
good. the trunk liue northwards to
Montreal and Quebec City and from
Maine to Quebec City being satisfac-
tory all the season. while the road
along the northern bank of the St.
Lawrence. between Montreal and
Quebec. not only provides fine sur-
face but offers exceptionally attrac-
tive scenery.
In the Maritime Provinces main
roads offer fair surface in mid-sum-
mcr.
Several through routes are used
by motorists during the summerau
the Provinces of Manitoba Saskatch-
ewan and Alberta. Automobile trips
into the Canadian Rookies to Banff
and Lake Louise may also be made
during the touring season. and a
motor trai lleads through the Rock~
ies. connecting Lethbridge. Alberta.
with Craubrook. British Columbia.
by way of the Crows Nest Pass.
British Columbia. on the Pacific
slope of the Rocky Mountains p03.
senses a more temperate climate
than t e rest of Canada and a con—
siderab e amount of automobile
touring is possible during the sum-
mer months.
Oakland Service
Manager at Meeting
Service managers of Oakland dis-
tributors and branches from every
section of the United States and
Canada. in addition to service repre-
sentatives of the General Motors Ex-
port company, which handles the
sale of Oaklands abroad. assembled
at the Oakland factories the flrd
four days of this last week to get
the latest “why" and "how" of
handling Oakland service;
R. A. Armstrong. general service
manager. presided at all the ”ions.
The technical sessions were ad-
dressed by Benjamin Jerotue. chief
engineer and his anistaun. Eva-y
phase of eervicet from ectual treet-
KAKING A 31V“ BET.
Ingheediag large rivets. it is an.
weye‘edviuble to use a rivet set. and
in messy uses this tool is absolutely
can“ tomakeagoodjob. Arlvet
seen-be made from: hes- ofsteel.
CANADIAN TOUR
“Wl'l'li 'i‘liE
MANUFACTURERS”
The introduction of new models
this month has had a marked influ-
ence in keeping sales at an unusu-
ally high level. Although purchases
have not been made in the volume
of earlier months they have not
shown any pronounced slackening,
according to "Automotive Indus-
tries."
That buying interest in automo-
biles has not weakened is indicated
by the reception accorded’the new
models. which shows at the same
time that many prospects have been
holding back pending their an-
nouncement. The full stride in pur-
chasing. however. is not expected to
come this month nor is it likely to
be approached until the middle of
September.
Producers have availed themselves
of the comparative lull by readjust-
ing their manufacturing facilties and
getting in readiness for the resump-
tion of high schedules with the open-
ing of the Full season. Through
the promises held out for active ecl-
ling during the remaining months of
the year many manufacturers have
made extensive additions to their
plants which will provide greater
capacity. Intensive selling efforts
are expected to take care of the out-
put which in the case of thc‘maJor.
car builders will continue to be
large.
As in the past, actual conditions
in the field will be the governing
factor in formulating production
schedules. Programmes are being
stepped up gradually. with the like.
liliood that the aggregate output for
August will be in excess of the 818.-
000 cars and trucks recorded in July.
Reports indicate that the industry
is following the pace set the last
“'Et‘k of that month. wthh showcd
Ii dccidcd improvement over the
earlier Wcoks.
l’urts makers are rcporiing some-
what longcr commitments. thus re-
flecting the encouraging outlook pre-
sented for car and truck sales. There
has been a lull in this branch of the
industry. with resultant plant re~
maintained at an cntircly satisfac’
udjustmcnta. but business has been
tory point. Collections continue
good. a condition that has prevailed
for months. almost without inter-
ruption.
O O 0
it is doubtful if more than a few
closed-car buyers note the line points
in body design conceived for driver‘s
and passenger's convenience and -
comfort. This fact is pointed out
by E. W. Goodwin. consulting engin-
eer of the Maxwell Motor Corpora-
tion’s body division. a man who has
been responsible for some of the
motor body design.
Mr. Goodwin states that much of
the thought that is put into motor
body design is lost to the purchaser
because perfection goes 'unnoticed
in many cases. whereas. error makes
its presence immediately known by
thrusting discomfort upon cur occu-
pants. In other words. a. scat-cush-
ion improperly tilted. un accelerator
pedal an inch out of the way, or a
window-lifter crank slightly mis-
placed. cannot escapo notice: but if
careful planning has given correct
position to each of these units. they
become so unobtrusive that no no-
tice is paid them.
Mr. Goodwin's own system of de-
termining distances. width. heigth.
and tilt of seats. depth and curve of
back rests. position of equipment
and operating controls. door mcas-
uremente. and a host of other details
which the motorist has no cause to
notice because of their unobtrusive
placement. is interesting not only be-
cause of its ingenuousness but for
its apparent efficiency. He has made
a set of celluloid manikins cut to the
same scale which he uses in prepar-
ing body designs. These mauikins
are Jointed in‘ seven places—ankle.
knee. hip. shoulder, neck. elbow.
wrist. and represent the composite
body measurements of 100.000 As:-
ericans. During the war Mr. Good-
win was engaged in airplane produc.
tion and secured the exact measure-
ment of 100,000 air-aervice men for
his work in fuselage design. These
tabulations were averaged and from
the results he evolved his menikins.‘
“By placing the Jointed celluloid
figure on the scale drawing of a mo-
tor car body." says Mr. Goodwin. “I
can gain all the information needed
to produce real comfort and conven-
ience in that car. It tells me the
exact position of the driver, how far
he must reach to place his hand cor-
rectly on the wheel. what position
he must take to operate gear-shift
lever ' clutch and brake pedals, ec-
celerator. and starter button. It tells
me where the instrument board must
be placed to be in constant obser-
vation. I know where legs and back
must be -supported for all passen-
gers. I know the correct eye-line.
I can see means of obtaining easy
entrance and exit. and where equip-
ment should be placed. By no oth-
er system. to my knowledge can the
comfort requirements of a mote
be so easily and surely visual (1.
There is scarcely a. chance fer seri-
ous. error in design.
“The manikiue were used in the
designing of all Haxwell models. but
they were of special value in deter-
mining the measurements of the
closed cars. In closedcar design so
much of luxurious comfort is deaf
manded. and there is such wealth of;
detail to be considered by the body
designer. that small. fine point.
might e ly be overlooked. f be-‘.
lieve th little manikins have ob
viated any chance of that in Max-
well models."
. O O
The dellyproductiou of the Ford '
Motor Company reached a new high
record on August 15. when the de-
mestic output was 7.800 Ford cars
most important advances made in "
cars and trucks. In the same period
1,721 Fordson tractors were turned
out. The Lincoln division’produced
201 cars in the same week.
New Ford models show the big-
gest change in the coupe. Its lines
are materially altered from those
of previous years. The hoods on
all cars is about two inches higher
than heretofore and three inches
wider. with a stream-line effect.
The motor and mechanism remain
unchanged. but the radiator is larg-
er and holds two quarts more.
Prices remain unchanged.
0 C O
The new Dodge Brothers‘ product
is the same old reliable. but much
improved in riding qualities and ap-
pearance. Longer and stronger
springs have been added ‘both front
and rear, making the car ride like
Souf‘; NorwaikAuto ;
Supply Co.
90 No. Main St. 80. Norwalls
Phone 1591
a. cradle.
W'ith plenty of power larger wheels. lower center of grav-
aud hill-climbing ability. added to ity and easier riding. the Dodge will provai this your,
‘
receive evon a bithrr rm» N
-~t. ‘l‘ ‘
LATEST FRANKLIN MODELS SHOW
HIGH PERCENTAGE OF BRAKING
WITH SINGLE TRANSMISSION BRAKE
OUR GUARANTEED USED CARS ARE W 0 RT H INVESTIGATION.
We Will Be Glad to Give Any Demonstration.
\
THE N ORWALK FRANKLIN CO.
'Station at Nash’s Corner on Post Road.
\VESTPORT. CONN.
PHONE NORWALK 1945
10
15
20
.25
30
35
40
Miles
Per Hour
The brake requires refining orlge in 15,000 miles. The adjustment is made
Franklin Sedan Can
Be Stopped'in
Q
‘ 4 ft. 6 in.
8 ft. 2 in.
20 ft. 0 in.
31 ft. 4 in.
-47 ft. 6 in.
66 ft. 10in.
82 ft. 6 in.
with a single thumb screw.
Accepted Franklin
Standard Safety Per Cent. Bette:-
9.2 103
20.8 153
37.0 84
' 58.0 85
83.3 75
113.0 69
148.0 78
\VESTPORT 314
asthe tmlleyremainss
.<flxmm
and trucks. 8! hove the record of
18 . ‘
mum“
5&mwmun
.
scrupulously. ~
know all the
is
tending. In other places motors may pass
a standing trolley “with due care” or “not less than” six or eight
feet away; in these cases both driver and
watch their-going mighty carefully.
Mybeetadviceistokeepuptodateohyourownlocalnfleeabmxt-
passing trolleys. etc.. and follow them
are awayfrom home.andmaynot
ebldebythesu'ktestrulesforsafetytbatymldoknow. .
,SDEINY.
pedestrian ought to
Whenyou
SUPPOSE it’sbecause I’ve driven around so much in the last
fifteen years that I’ve seen about twice as many accidents as
the average motorist. Can’t begin to remember them all, but I
know a lot were connected with passing trolleys.
Onespecialreasonforthislieai’uthe different rules andregula-
tions that prevail in different localities. In some places you may
not pass a standing-trolley at all, and there the pedestrian cross-
. ing the street should be perfectly safe from automobiles, so long
Uniform Que-fly
Best Results
A tip to drivers— . . .
and pedestrians too
By THE VETERAN MOTORIST
L
fl
3" .
i
0
o
o
Norwalk Chronicler