IOMY, Tom 18., am.
MOSCOW IS LIVELY BUS
«LING RAGGED
WITH TRADING AT FANTASTIC PRICES
Streets Are Crowded Day and Night
and the Atmosphere Seems One of
Hysterical Gayety;1ndividuai Busi-
ness Restored and Communism as
a System Has Vanished
By FRANCIS McCULLAGH.
S,“ . ml Correspondence.
Moscow. Saturday.
/ t'iS‘i‘WQl‘V has changed very
\1 much since Apiii.1920. I
VA 1 it it in th? red dawn of a.
I return in the mild.
it was then spring.
. is shuddering in what
he dying convulsions of
,' :rtvmnture old age. It is
nu. out .‘tlnsc‘ow is throbbing
n.1, .. ..it tho llolshcviks declare to
: tn .; .ri' or young life. though the
l I: huh-H. \ lits assure me that is only
a inh‘i‘ zx'hlrh will leave the patient
wrukex' iii in he was before.
1.1:. mm iiiN‘ ii for a moment on what
Iioswuw “sis ill-4‘ in 1020. its (It'HC‘rIed
Mfume \n-i.» choked with half melted
‘sm-w n‘ixwl with mud. The whole
tramvm' system had Iii‘nkvn down.
Suw- f'nr Ii i‘vw fitful limits here and
there the city was piunzrd in dark-
ness at nizhi. Traveling by rail was
free. but on) could not get a train to
travel in The Government had un-
deriziken lo ft‘t'ti its citizens. but in
the towns few of them could get
enough to eat. and I used at first to
go Without nnv fund at all till late in
the ext-hing. when a charitahly dis-
posed person sometimes let me have
his lmvings. , Houses were public
property. but i had to live for a while
in a deserted railway carriage. Hotels
belonged to the peoplesbut I could not
get a room in any of them. Finally.
when I got into the Savoy. I found
that only i‘ few rooms in that hostelry
were available and those rooms were
very dirty There were not more than
half a dozen cabbies plying for hire.
but their horses were hardly.fit to
walk. and the cobbles were so decrepit
but they were hardly fit to drive.
Them was supposed to be no private
trading. but an illegal business was
done in one of the markets. The Gov-
:rnment was supposed to supply the
people with firewood. but it didn't. and
most of the public lived in a half
frozen condition.
Letters could be posted free. but
they were never delivered. and prob-
thv nuw-r collected. In short. the
whole system of government was
based on the false assumption that at
our present stage of human evolution
private initiative can be dispensed
with and every kind or business left
to n dictatorial and Omnipotent Gov-
ernment
Streets Are Now Filled
With Furious Rush of Traflic
The streets are now swarming not
only with pedestrians. but also with
swift motor cars. iumberimz drays
laden with grain. hot-Se carriages full
of passengers. heavy lorries carrying
in kind of goods and noisy motor bl-
sydcs. So great and furious is the
traffic in some streets that it is dan-
mous to cross them. I myself was
nearly shill by a motor bike yester-
any in Thmzter Square. The air is
full of the rush of petrol driven ve-
niwlr-s and of their perpetual booting
fllliI WhiE-lliing.
Two years 1120 the hi2 shops in the
Kuznetxky. the Tversknya and the
Petrovkn presented an extraordinary
appearance. They were full of goods.
but were closed and guarded by sol-
diers till those goods could be handed
over to various Governmentdepart-
ments. The medical supplies Would go
to the Communist Department of Pub-
iit- IIL‘Iliii’i. the books would go to’the
People's Commissarlat of Public In-
Slrm‘tinn. and so on. It was an as-
{finishing and unparalleled sight. The
ground had been cleared metaphori-
coily speaking. for the foundations of
{1 huge Socialist edifice such as the
"(Drill had never before seen. and in
that edlllce there was to be no private
property at all—~books. clothes. medi-
cine. machinery. food and everything
vist- Was to belong to the state.
Hut that metaphorical edifice has
not been built. After a while those
goods were obtainable by ticket. Then
more was a. notice in the windows
suiting that they could be had with—
out tit-Rem, and that led to the devel-
omm-ms which we see in the streets
of Moscow to-day. Let me dcseribe
brlvfiy what those deVelopments are.
All the shops are now open and full
of goods and customers. You can
now buy pretty We“ everything you
like in Moscow from wine to clothing
and underclothing. from houses to
cameras and binoculars. from theater
tickets and railway tickets to socks
and horses. Most of the things YO“
can buy are nasty. but certainly not
cheap. and it is a source of constant
amazement to me that there are
always plenty of purchasers
Three Million Rugs. LL,L,
Minimum Cab FareV
lou cannot get a ride in a cab for
has than" 0. 000.000 rubles (3 shillings).
and. though this is not an exec-Ave
price to one just coming from London.
I must surely be too much for the
Russian it he had amassed I. fortune
of 50 000 rubles (£5,000) in the time of
the Czar and expectedvto be able to
live modestly for the rest of his "to
on the in‘erest. A theater ticket costs
at least 5. 000 .000 rubies. yet the the-
aters are always full. A bottle Of V8!
Weak bctr c-osts several million rublei.
let you me lots of people drinking
beer. , Twenty bad cigarettel cost half
a million rubles yet you gee ‘gfefy.
bfidy smoking.
How dosomany'peaplomm
get so much my? ’11:. only ex.
planation is that the cit!l Inuit be full
of Russians who are paid will: “3..
the new standard of currency 05“”.
have made their tartan. undir the
new dispensation. u m u m
profiteers. with Russians returned
from foreign countries where the:
had investments. or with foreigners
like myself. The old Russian bout-4
geoisie must have been completely de- ~
strayed, for with its scanty savings of
the past it could not. compete with
prices like these.
A strong national feeling. accom-
panied by n. certain amount of hatred
of foreigners. has grown,up fOI-‘the
first time in Russia. and is to be found
not only among the Bolsheviks but
alsovamong the peasants. who believe
that France and E: gl: ud induced the
Czar to sacrifice millions of them -in
an imperialistic war with which Rus~
sia had no concern. and even among
the old bourgeoisie, nobility and mili-
tary men. who blame the Western
Powers for not intervening strongly
enough. The peasants who h’oardcd
Romanov paper money are not
picnscd. it is true. to find that“. is
now worthless: but those who boarded
gold are fairly well satisfied: and.
in any case. the great mass .of the
peasants boarded nothing and are
now starting, without a handl-
cap. on the new money. which
they_ receive at present from private
grain merchants green grocers. bakers
and speculators in exchange for their
crops. Consequently the peasants are
on~the whole behind the Soviet Gov-
ernment; so an ex-landownér admitted
sorrowfully to me to-day.
One of the most striking sights in
the streets of Moscow today is the
enormous number of people who are
selling things at booths. or out of
'baskets on the curbstone. or out of
boxes or hats. Hawking was forbid-
den in Russia two years 880: but that
repression has only madé"tbe disease
break out with a virulence that re--
minds one of an Oriental bazaar. Along
the railings of the churches are ranged
women who sell cigarettes. matches.
needles. thimbles and every sort of
small hardware. Students and grown
men are frequently to be seen at the
street corners selling flowers. Station-
ary hawkers specialize Vin hammers.
nails. plncers. pocket knives and all
kinds of cutlery. Itinerant hawker-s
carry apples, boot laces, gbread. eggs
and onions: while at temporary stalls
you can buy grapes. chocolate. Ice
cream. cakes and every kind of fruit
and vegetable that. can be had at this
season.
There are many temporary book-
shops where one can sometimes find
among a dreary litter of old almanacs
and school books odd volumes from the
libraries of vanished noblemen. Many.
shoemakers ply their trade On the
pavement. and I saw yesterday a
plump and gnudily dressed young lady
being shod in the street. Ike :1 horse-—
the shoemaker holding her foot be-
tween his knees while he hammered
a piece of lndta rubber on to her small
heel. In the markets the variety of
the objects sold is so great that I can-
not give a list of them. There is a
brisk business done in furniture. cloth-
ing. cameras and field glasses.
The result. then. of the ambitious
policy which was to create one colossal
busineSs concern of Russiabnamely.
the ‘- Russian Government itself~has
been the creation of the largest num~
her of small hawkers that over
blocked the streets of a city. The
small shopkeeper—a respectable and
deserving member of all civilized com-
munitiesuwas crushed. but now he
is allowed to open shop again. with
crowds of unlicensed pcddlcrs outside
his window. and the Government‘s
toleratioa of these ped llcrs is prob-
abiy'due to its dislike for the small
shopkeeper.
Shops Boast of Selling
Trust Manufactured Goods
Big bpsiness seems. however. to
haven curious fascination for it. In
'a draper‘s shop on the Tverskaya I
saw yesterday a. notice boasting that
the firm represented "89 Trusts and
453 Factories." but the rolls- of cloth
in the window were very inferior stuff.
This draper was a' Government ser-
vant. and the trusts and factories
were Government institutions. which
are run at close to the State, though
I .
THE most realistic picture of
One pound white bread.........
Time poundWTi—lireaif. . . . .
One pound pork................
One pound fresh butter.........
One pound rice.................
One pound sugar........;......
Cheapest street car ride. . . . . .. .
Usual price for a newspaper. . . . .
SEVEN MILLION RUBLES ‘
FOR A BOTTLE OF WINE
day is‘ that afforded by a table of current prices. The follow. .
lug are the prices of common commodities: .,
loo-vooco
One pound beef.................................. 900.000rub108
Onepoundsmoked fish 500.0001mblss
One pound potatoes............................... 1000001111310:
One bottle whltg wine............................—7i'000.000mblcs
It might be thought that after all these prices represent a small
, u
v
it is not'the common peopte who benc~
lit. for the cloth is dearer than English
cloth is in England. This ruinous sys-
tem of Governmental capitalism can-
not continue indefinitely. and when it -
disappears along with the street.
hawker stage we may find Russia
dominated by a ring of the most co-
iossal private capitalists that the
world has yet seen. The Bolsheviks
admit ’that this danger exists, but
they-think that they can avoid it. I
don't think they can.
Moscow is not only busy. it is even
say. The streets are crowded all night
with people listening to open air con-
certs given by itinerant musicians.
The parks are also crowded till morn-
ing with people of both sexes listening
to bad music and drinking inferior
.beer: this is .1 revival of the old cus-
tom ot crowding into the "sadi" (gar-
dens) during the "white nights" to
watch theatrical entertainments. en-
Joy ‘cxcellent orchostras and drink
champagne with a 2 A. M. supper. It
is. however. a custom which did not
exist in 1920.
In rume eateries there is heavy
drinking and high gambling. which re«
minds om. of Berlin; in far-t. the Mos-
cow SOViet has permitted the estab~
lishmont here of a large gambling re—
sort called the hvrr‘fl:u.:c. It is run
on Mvnte Carlo lincs and the number
of rubles which are My: in it nightly
for surpasses my humble arithmetical
powers. which do not go beyond unil-
linrt‘vs. There is also. however. especi—
ally union" the poorer closscs, a good
deal of innocent exercise and amuse-
merit.
0n a hot day the Moscow River is
one oi the greatest sights inthe World
on account of the vast number 0? men.
women and children‘ who"‘>.bathe and
wash there in a state of complete
nudity. All Moscow seems. in short.
to strntch its limbs. to breathe a sigh
of relief, and even to lauch. It re-
minds me of a person who. having
escaped some terrible danger. has a
reaction of hysterical gaycty. Within
n hundred yards of where I am writing
this there is a tennis match going on
between a Moscow and a Petrograd
‘ 4. hath composed of doctors and
other professionn‘ "1"" nmnloyed by
Soviet Government, the wives and
prnwn'tp children 0.“ thos’e professional
men. some Bo‘shrviks. and a sprink-
lins: of foreia'n diplomatists.
Moscow is even going so far as to
repair itself: I have seen workmen
laying down blocks of wood in the
street. and I have seen a number of
houses being med-3 habitable. [there
still remains. however. many houses.
even in out of the. way parts of the
town. which have for some reason or
other been raked with bullets. This
damage was not always done. however.
by the Bolsheviks The German Con-
sulate. near where I write. and all the
4‘1
Moscow. Get. 1.
economic conditions to Russia to-
fluttering;
.........‘ 180.000rubles
.................1sdooaomb1es
................. 500.000rubles
....................7§0,000rubles
.................1.50'0000rubles_
................. ”0.000%
...............V.. 100.000mbl“
[ ' . ' STREET MARKETS HAVEV REPLACED SMALL SHOPS. f, j
l
l
i
now absen t.
songs are different:
beggar whom
praying on the
and clean. especially
young women, but alway
same material.
surprising how‘ w
have in the mat
of the difficult D
want which may
By was. ”@0311!!! SPEER. . V/
Ew voters shouidbeoomou- bymmmmmmmm-
mmmpmviatomoc w
amount ta American, British or French currency. That is m from be-
la; the cue. Exchme ratés are arbitrarily fixed 57 the Soviet, and
The mt edicts! rate: aré u’ rollows‘:
Ono dow mmn-ssu:V'Vec-oclotti'i-OIIIVVIloV-oogno as m
on.WW“B‘...¢.u...-uvucu.-.u.....-.u-n1. IV
0mmmalciltococonut-000‘ovoni‘cO-Ivgosco' ..1 I,
mammmrks
abdilloco-COCC'CIGCU-scI-i
V they ,benr no sort of relation to actual European Wm“... — fl.
BUYING APAiR f’AMERiCfiN BOT-"3‘75.
houses and business establishments of clad also. but I have a suspicion that
Germans in Moscow
were sacked by soldiers and Hooligans damaged "proletai‘ian” clothes for state
on the outbreak of war in 1914. and occasions.
few of them have since been repaired.
The. mixture of costumes in the vik Gmernment omcés dufing the
streets is very much like what it was Week. There is a congestion of WON?
ten years ago. only that the brilliant in them. not :1 congestion of work-
uniforms and the costly equipages are Young \ omen clerks are now cm—
disciplined como ploy cdfiery largely, and they are less
parties of well dressed soldiers still go inefficient. than the male. clerks whom
singing through the street but the they have replaced: still they so at
and there is a. the slow tempo whereat everything
red star on the soldiers' caps instead and everybody in Russia moves. and
of a double hm'ied cagic. There is an which even Lenlne failed to speed up.
extraordinary number of beggars and It i8 the national rate 01 speed, and
mutilat d ersons in the streets. One there 13 no more use 111' trying to
e p moaning and make a Russian hustle like an Amer-
paVer- nt yesterday ican than there is in trying to make a.
had a half. million rouble note lymg cow run like a race horse.
carelessly in his extended but: some
charitable person 9 gift. I suppose, but are a sight. \Vorried clerks each try-
the beggar did not apparently think mg to talk tc-six people simultaneouSr
Petrograd each othhem keeps handy a suit of
I have been a good deal in Bolshe-
Those Bolshevik Government offices
b7 and at the same time try to sign in-
' . hich are being
The men onesees in the streets wear numerable papers w
as a rule top boots and clothes which Filed on the” GGSRS by unwashed boys
to have been brushed ‘
do net magma some of these men are‘ formed before the various tables.
looii Rs if they had had their last halr- hilt 01d Women With hauokerchiefs
:ut about the same time. Many youths
and men swagger about in the wide
s:iilor-‘ike trousers affected by young ‘
Russi .i‘n men of the larrikin and caster front of you. 81130ng their W8? fero-
type. Many people of both sexes wear 0101151?-
snndals, but children and sometimes
big boys and girls go barefootcd.
Women Dress Neatly,
But in Plain Materials
As for the feminine costumes. on clothes on some dirty floor and for-
0 not profess to be an au- gotten to brush 6:- wash himself after—
thority.’ they are generally very neat ward. I wasted four precious hours
in the case of today trying to get. a simple signa—
s cheap and hire which could be affixed in a. few
They seem to consist 'mostly seconds.
of white cotton. with a hat of the- My own observations here in Mos-
white stockings and cow convince me that Communism is
boots. The boots are quite often neat dead. or rather. as Rakovsky put it to
hlonable. On the Whole it Is me at Genoa. that “there are Corn-
ell the Muscovites munista in Russia but. no Commun- he confidently looked, he might be fit Paris convention.
in top boots and belted blouses. Queues
over their. heads butt in out of their
turn and nobody reproves them.&Vhole
processxons of weird objects get in
The constantly recurring decimal in
these processions is the 101g haired
student with the ends of his trousers
inside his boots. thp_ tail of his shirt
outside his trousers and the general
appearance of having slept in his
ter of dress come out ism.” Individual trading has been re-
erkxl of seclusion and stored. The bread cards have been
be regarded as abolished One must pay for every-
eadfers are well thing—his hotel bill, his midway fare,
in ordinary life and they expect 'hls tramcar ticket, his theater ticket.
foreigners who visit them t9 be well his rent. his rates and taxes
NEW VOTER MUST
RF A D AND WRITE
Amendment to State. Constitution Has” a. at! BVVfiwfii‘m R...»
LL; .LD
_-- V'l" ' '7‘
tures, Personal Registry Not Re~
quircd 1n Certa
Where Inspectors Enter Names
‘ mUp-State Dlstrzcts,
7mmm.
type and kepttn
the ~m a; untlcc V mud.
in m Sulflm
The first subdivision provides that
there registration is required to be
personal there shall be In the place of
stltution of this Stitebf anatomic?!
fifty words 63mm extracts M
be selected by the ry of State.
Thesemtsamtobeprlnted'on
pastebohrd slips;n in double small pica
a box. Suhdlvishn
w Voter. if required to prove
Vle ablfity to Mind mw.mm
wax-aw out at random one‘of such
VbeV selected by an inspector."
Iispscton Vflly Add Names
To Lists in Rural Districts
’; Personal registration is required
only in cities and villages of 5:000 in—
habitants or more. In. all the rural
districts and in cities and villages of
1033 than 5,000 inhabitants everybody
who voted at the preceding election is
automatically registered without: his
personal attendance. and the inspec-
tors may add the names of other per-
msons Without their application. or per-
. penal attendance; provided these other
7 persons are~"known‘or.proven tonther
Satisfaction of the inspectors to be .
then or thereafter entitled to vote at
T such election.
In these smaller villages and cities
lmrd in. the country districts :1 newL
voter does not have to prove his abil-
ity to read and write English to be
ratchet-ed. Proof may be compelled
"if any voter“v shall upopmth declare
lilafihe has reasVon to believe that such
new voter is not able. except for phy—
sical disability. to read and write Eng-
fish." In this case it. is. the duty of
the inspectors tosexamine the new
. voter when he comes to vote.
This makes a. decided distinction in
dice literacy test in cities and in vil- ‘
ingesVand the. rural districts. In the
cities the literacy of. the new voter
‘ will be teeted when he comes to regis-
tér. In the rural districts it may not
be tested at all unless some other
voter declares that he has reason to
believe that the new voter is not able
to read and “rite English. It would
mums a good deal of knowledge of a
man's or woman's education to make
an affidavit as to- their inability to
‘ead and write English without having
V.° applied a personal test. Some people
can write and read a little who would
not be able to mod ."intelligiblyV" sec-
.V 'ijus of the State Constitution.
This provision about reading intellf—
jgfibly sections of the State constitution
recalls a story told of a village in a
Southern State where the negroes
were in a large majority, and there
was a. constitutional provision that 3.
Voter must be able to read and under—
stand .a section of the ”State constitu-
tion.
The Section Selected
To Test colored Voters
The section lead to the colored voters
ran something like this:
”"The Legislature shall pass. no bill
of attalnder or ex post facto law."
“Read that. Sam. and tell'me what it
means, " said the chairman of the
Board of Elections.
Sam looked at it top side up and top
side down. Then to the chairman of
the board he replied: “I guess that
means that no nigger is going to vote
here this election."
Such incidents were common in the
Southern States. and still are as a
means osthutting out the negro vote.
Suppose that a. candidate for regis-
{ration were '0 have handed to him a
slip of paper bearing on it this section
14 of Article 1 of the Constitution of
New York:
“rest or Proof of Literacy." eluded,
mginration 100 extracts mm the Con- .
' section 10 about Whats.”
*hurgred knows What a. quarter ad's
slip: and read aloud. intelligibly. stifled (ix-pronounce It. Therein-e
rot the matter printed thereon, and
' shall then write legibly in English ten
~10de of lie matter on such slip. to
spector heads them to him.
.to “read aloud intellzzibly all of £50
teacher whom he knew or who kuewV
acy to be signed by a school principal.
evening and test their ability to quail-
VfimMWMormm
m
entire and absolute propei'tyds '
intheownernaccordlngloihen ,
of their reocctlve estates.” or sin.
It is doubtful that one— voter in“;
or a land tenureimr an enchant, a
that one vote!- in ten knows who: i
writ of babes: corpus ls. or how
words in the State constitution ' .
out one voter in ten can read intelligi-
bly and write legibiy when the 135‘
There would seem to be a val-Ia
between the constitutional prom
that the voter should be able “to
and write English" and theseV pro
stems of the eléction law requiring“
matter" and "write legibly in English“
sections of the State Constitutions
There would seem to be a wide thaE
gin of possible improper discretion for:
an election board in applying this 13:5
vision of the election law.
An alternative plan is presented by
Subdivision 2 of Section 166. whiclf
wouldénable the graduate of any pubs
in: School or any one who has had an
ordinary public school education In
this State to become a new voter
That provision authorizes the [it-incl: ,
pal ,br other head of a pubiic school
or of a private school approved by the ’
State Department of Education to ex—w
amine the voter "or his educational
credentials" and to certify that on
voter is able to read and write Eng—E
llsh. ‘ V'
This Plan Replaces
' Examination by Inspe 6:an ..
This certificate takes the place._ or
an examination by inspectors an! of
the we of extracts of the State Con-z
stitutiou 2133 test. .
In many cases it would be easié
for a new voter to sat isfv a school
him as to his ability to read and write“
English than to read inggiligibly some
of the sections of the State Constitua:
tion. V
It would seem that the safestcourséi
for a new voter is to secure in ad-r
vance of registration day or election:
day one of these certificates of iltet—;
Provision. has been made in some 01
the. schools for a principal or other
teacher to meet new voters in the
fly for one of these certificates.
More public notice should have been .
given of these provisions of law. espe—V
ciaily in neighborhoods where them
are foreign speaking populations}.
There may also be di‘fercnt construe-1V
tions by din‘erent election boards of
what constitutes the ability to read in- ‘
tolligibly and write leg ibly sections of
the State Constitution. It is doubtful
whether some members of electh
boards could do it themselves. V
The safest method for new voters is
to get one of the school certificates
and have their qualifications cerflfiedq
to in advance. To get one of these
school certificates the applicant doe!
not have to show that he had been uni
attendant at the school. but he must
be able to read and write English walI I
enough to satisfy the principal of on V
school. At that. some of the princl—‘j
pals may give easier and some harder
tests. ‘
It is not enough that a new voter , ’
should be able to read and write 80m".
other language than English He may
he a fluent French. Ge’rmau and Ital-
ian scholar and not be able to qualityI
under this piovision of the election
law.
PADEREWSKI HERO
AS \VELL AS PIANIIST
» HEN Ignace Jan Paderewskl
i \)\Z wreturns this month from Eu-
rope 'to write another bril-
liant chapter of musical history "Finis"
will have concluded that important
political volume for which. as Premier
of Poland. be supplied the materials.
During the thirty years in which he
won applause from admiring audiences
Paderewski .was more than the master
musician and the eloquent orator. He
was the trained engineer; be practiced
scientific agriculture or‘his California
estates. and studied other basic finan-
cial and social sciences. so that, when
the Vhour should strike toward which
to assist Poland to organize as a.
nation. '
The war ended. Hid- lites proclaimed
that Poland; sho$d be reunited and
Jose: Piisuds‘kl. cm‘er'pz State at War-
saw. sent fér Padexewski to accept the
Premiership of tile ne’w repfiblie.
That mam-ski gave. several mn-
lions of dollars. toward the immedia‘te
necessities of his native land is. per»-
haps. not the most. signal sérvic‘e
which he rendered. Returning by way
of Danzig and the Baltic Sea to Wm
saw, he foui‘si that which- he; shad all
along known he would find—:3 people
who had lived under presggm of na-
donall’s‘tic en _ _ Bluf‘lea leaders
inifiafiv‘s
sla Po’m'
‘quest” was the essence of his doctrine.
- statistical research and valuable aid in
guage. Second. technicai men imbued’ ;
with his own ideals must be asked to '
go to Vv’arsaw. to advise in the labor of
organization. Third that; there mlghtVV ..‘
be no suggestion of imperialism in
Poland 5 attitude toward territorial
questions. And. fourth. that Pon'
must cultivate the good opinion and
confidence of all the nations.
"All for defense; nothing {or con-
Poland should have what army was
needed to defend her rborders. Pound
should ask no Pole or friendly country
to give a 'ife or a dollar to wrest
sovereignty from a nearby people who
were not made a part of Poland by the
The fruits of Paderewskl s calling in
technical advisers "were quickly ap-
:parent. Such able men as Col. A. 8. ~
Barber of the United States Army}; 3a.;
M. Ferduson. petroleum engineer; 3)::
E. Dana Durand. master of scientific
conserving Poland's food uppity:
Frank W. Morse. American rall'wa’y
genius. and others who advised in
several departments. performed Ber—r"
vices. which have become of the wirp
and woof of. modern history. mucus
were subscribed in the United States
fox- Treasury bonds. the initiative
taken under PadereWSkl' s Premiership.
Followers of Pilsna'sh' . . ..
74:17 Padaewsh' Fellow
Norwalk Chronicler