MONDAY, OCTOBER 23, 19a
By J. K. MUMFORD.
W0 lusty young men in the uniform
T or one': Uncle Samuel out Empty
Dumpty wine on 1 wall outrun;
1:11 nrside Dfl\e and looking down on the
cranes and the sturdy cruiser swinging
in the tldewuy beyond.
»1.1 “as a soldier who began at the
Marne and uhcn the peace gong sounded
was {it'hting in the Argonne. The other
was :1 ".gob" But neither bad the accent
of Manhattan.
"Nope." said the "buddy'_' remlnlecehtly;
"tin \ was some noise 011- the (tool. but 1:
didn 't have nnlhln on Thirty-faurth street
on' l‘i'l’lfldfia)."
"I been " returned the “gob.” “in a gun
turret when We we: hammerin‘ away 30':
the damn thing was white hot. but. gosh. I
1 could think there an' i didn‘t git so
rattled with the rocket that I had to ask
on; body which “a; was uptown."
"Folks has in cct used to it to stand it—
-:’.\ .\(‘W \m k not 0. " 5:115 the lad in khaki.
l tier-«‘1 1n the :.rm_v that 1hr New York
:\~ 11111r not thrll =hoc.k an' “inn hell
was one of cm in my
r
“-3; girppin' ihvrr
(mlvtlv M11111 ilt' lilwd the 'llil: stuff' all
right. on'v the noise of it ma? him home-
niuk. Gimme Vlnvcndcn. Inway.”
(hits'wln, (1: 11.4110 sl‘lcctl’d 511m? in thP
r1111! of 111.. li-lifiwhvm‘r‘lw-l Company.
‘Xizt’ils on l.4li.~'( rarer 131.11 Thirty-{mirth
53:4? 1.7'1i Iil'J .1\\;11 i: ll)» n hit-st spot
3‘: the “Uriti. ‘11t Gilli“q i0 'jlhliilL‘ti‘ln in
tins to:‘;lr1l,l'i;c M11117 :1 1 .~ " ‘d the
o 1111') ltixe nOllliE-illlfln? 1:1 11 . . r-re no
EM L1 r 1:111: l1 he nurr‘ ma ' r:- n' \nni:y
;. :l unvvisulion. \\ hon _vn:1 sr'1_\ .my-
1' 13-11111 “misc hcruii‘tcr 3.. 1;'\'c1 pvt to
111111“ .t livirsciing gold from Fort “alter
I 1,=l';m from (‘urillr‘zllu rs imt'c always
1,,. f'lhlt'ill vim most sclimiivc of scicn-
"xi’l'i‘lll'lrlllq, hut thry pasts her (with
and primi tiv e
the \‘Vestcm
1.... 1mm” 11f Mums;
(If
4.1 Mr. .‘wlm Mlllfl
(11111;:1113' 1:11) 11<1\\1‘;1r0\'ide you
1't'w"ly iitciiim photograph of the
. - int-1.11.1115: of Mrs. Casey‘s cat.
Wok-tern Elwtric Company is the
v1~r1ng end of the telephone com-
nlmost anybody can tell you. and
«5.1.1111 army at work forever study-
1 all its manifestations. They
- that to kecp two jumps ahead
twiscs that humanity is every day
11.1 how to make to keep itself from
1» .31.: 1.11.1»rni'ortably sane This new de-
fur photographing a noise is the last
.. nmplishmcnt up to date and if the
cruitcst oi’ sound scientists is to be be—
11. .(d the apparatus or some improvement
it is apt to “ork wondrous changes in
11 11min relations.
Scltncc has done atrny with a lot of
things ho-sides tallow candles, and there's
no certainty that some dav the New York
Central will not have to wrap its cur wheel:
in l‘uf‘idp to get into the silent city of
V.“ Y.ork and that fire engine: will not
:11] hr cw 1ipp( d with Maxim silencers The
:11'1 noise crusaders are going to have u
litil‘ltndnlls handle now for the procure-
,
not often that you see a man of
T is
92 who. after a lifetime of original
research. is still writing and has new
innit: in preparation. Such is Henry
‘1: mud. an American in Paris, of old
distin-
Limbsllil’lu family and the most
xi - ll of living Americanists.
111- 101.1111 be a striking tigur re to-day it
(mm the fact that he came to France
secretary to the Confederate
£111.11. notic commission of Mason and SH.
dell. In 1872 he was Connected with the
Alabama Claim: Commission at Geneva.
And for fifty year: since he served with
our diplomatic establishment in Paris. tre-
quenlly acting as charge d'at‘faires, and
remains 10-day honorary counselor of the
if
('1‘)
1““3 LL."
:mhassy.
lint when you remember that Henry
\Ignuud is also author twentyoi‘our
11 (wits relating to the discovery of America.
an} several of them of giant proportions;
H111 :n his long diplomatic service he had
of
i..«'(ss to collections and enjoyed personal
hummus with the great on both sides or
1.1.1.- .»trluntic; that he has long been cor-
.--»v>;;-~1:111‘1g member of the French Insti-
1;1«-. prrsldcnt of the Society of Ameri-
l<tu of Paris. honored guest at learned
national congresses. in technical
1.191 nith specialists of the subject—~why,
, .11. 11 is easy to see how the Mystery of
.xunrut, which he sums up and decides
in the ripe experience of his ninety-
~‘- and year. is of interest to all Ameri-
1...
1'13.
Who were the aboriginal Americans?
Jere did the Indians come from? Did
1 1' spring from the soil or emigrate from
‘~<r:where? Were their ancestor: black.
:--;lmv or white~or neither? And the
81 st 1y thickens with the extinct civili-
it 111 ns of Mexico and Central anduSouth
Allie-lull, which have left such grand and
21.6 .\1:llt.lble monument: behind them.
Tin.- specialiats are not agreed.
Tiny have explored. dug and photo-
(“ramwd compared hieroglyphicl. language
and human skulls: pounded ocean
(161111151 compared land fossils and criti-
(‘izwl obscure Spanish and Indian author:
or the Conquest.
theories.
Tm astonishing thing about Henry Vlg~
naud 1: that in addition to his on re-
searches he has special“. on all these
Specialists. and is a: deeply Vex-sea in
Hull.“
modern sensationul theoriesylike Enoch'l—
“The Secret of the W (Won. 1911)
and Garfurel': “The Phoenician: 1n Amer
ice" (Nancy. 1875). on With mud 'old
deadwood like George Jone-‘- “Identity of
the Aboriginal with the W121"
York London and Peril, 1343) and John~
Runw- “Conquest at Pun: by the N:-
tarn of Kuhn-Khan“ Jinn“. 1m).
Formotweutyymthutimaé
to form conflictluz1
PhOtOgI‘aphing- Sound fWaves
streets. Violations at the city regulation:
on” noise: are going to be cold matter:
0! science. It will no longer be a question
of subpoenulng u roomful ‘of tndignnnt
places. her-rem the nut Rlver and Puget
Sound; end vault: played his 8”"ka
damno‘bodyseemedto-enaethevitalim-
port of it. But New York took/notice be-
cause in Neeronk noise is getting to be
a disease and .doctora’are treating}: a:
vibrations
that the utmtyr or any new appliance m-»
vunced in what in: been-found to be august
an exact mfio. and knowing the formula
he foretold. after a moment's calculation;
than transcontinental . service wouldxnbe
per-hated in just about ten years. In 1518
\
cox-dent and their nervous system: A bunt}:
13:26!!er h the WW. 1‘3}:
started the am; and us the mad
waves struck the mm the: they
recordedoutheflim.‘
Amordmthenmudepttheowvu“:
m
ammeyhungatrarmitteroutetthe.vofce-the pan slam in the Blush-atton‘
window of the big building on West fine:
'-—the same type of instrument that we:
used brPresideut Harding a the Armimce
Day celebration. when thousands of. New
3. This shows the record made by a steelatired wagon passing
the larger swings gives the apparent pitch of the sound
4. This record shows speech
the, beginning of the next word.
neighbor: to tell what a racket the Bob—
binecs make, in" the area both by day and
by night. The complainants will simply
flash up on the screen in court something
like this, only many times more Jagged
and’Jetky. You worl't try to tell about a
noise any more. You'll just fetch in a
moving picture projector and show the
Jury what the disturbance looks like. And
from the blank black film of silence or the
graceful and regular line of vibration
which reflects to sight the soothing sound
of a violin. you carry the court along tr-
resistlbly to the tangled and tompestuous
zigzag: which record the endless disagree-
ments of your neighbor with the wife of h!
pay check.
Mr. Mills delivered his lecture on this
new discovery forty times, in as many
By STERLING HEILIG.
Joyed Mr. \‘ignaud's personal friendship I
haw: admired and wondered at the monu—
mental !itsrary labsolutcly
think) that he has collected and ,wjiose ul-
timate destination, legally fixed already,
is for a great American university.
So, now, to look them ovcr “ith Henry
Vignuud‘
Mun did not spring from the American
soil.
Agassiz~ llacckcl. Barr St. Vincent, Mor-
ton. Mugs and others thought that he
had done so. Huxley was strong for an
antarctic continent as spot of origin, and
as late as Osborn, the eminent Amtrican
naturalist ("The Age of Mammals," N. Y.
11410), the idea has been flirted ulth. The
big bump came, however. with the alleged
discovery of Amcghino, lcarncd South
American naturalist, who proved by bones;
found on the {laminae or the Argentine
that all humanity had sprung from down
there!
hilt a Government commission of our
Bureau of American EthnoltrEV, led by
Hrdilcka and Bailley \‘i‘illis. the. geologist.
[wiped out this theory. which had enjoyed
considerable \‘ogUE. .
In France. Dr. Rivet. and Prof. \‘erneau
polished off the last hopes of American
soil origin, in any case. Man did not
originate in it. for the fundamental reason
that no authentic fossil bones can be pro~
duced showing men in America as different
from those existing actually.
Man came to America. How?
It ,is astonishing how many emigration
routes have been found! ll)——Bering
Strait was formerly an isthmus. Schartf.
Lucas and Gill. and Osborn are for it.
(LU—Land united Alaska to the Aleutian
Isles and Kamchatka. (3)—A north At-
lantic continent united America and Eu;
rope by Greenland and Labrador. It in-
cluded the British Isles. and the climate
complete. I
was temperate. Lapparent, the geologist. .- \
claims that it did not sink until the
Pleistocene (200,000 years 880) and that
man could have remembered it. ~
There was (4) another Atlantic conti.
nent from the’ Mediterranean to the
Antilles. This was the Lost Atlantis oi" ‘
Plato, Ignatius Donnelly and Pierre Benoit.
Then (5) the Africano-Bruzilian continent
or Hang. (6)—An Australian-Pacific conu—
nent, extending to the west coast of South
America. The South Sea Island: are it:
veltiges. Clark claim: that America re-
ceived much or its population by this route.
It is "The Secret olvthe Pacific” in which
Reginald Enoch cites‘ vast ruined 8.91:1th
Sec Islands monument: tout up this”.
a: the world’s center of: civilization!
“Enoch is a distinguished urchaologist and
-knowu South America. well,” my: Henry
$Vlgnaud courteously.
The: (7) there was an Mane-Atri-
“no-Australian continent. urged by flar-
con. eminent afrench geologist. I: i: more
at3 led (8) the Amara-113W}
dogmamdm immature-2(9):
and noise at the same time.
definitely as they do measles or spindl
meningitis. Vi'hen a man goes to consult
a neurologist after this it. will only be
necessary to get a photograph or the noise:
in his back arcaway and the street he lives
in to determine whether he needs ,a sea
voyage or a box of valerian capsules.
The apparatus with which. it: marvel
is ammpllshed he: at the prese ’moment
its limitations, but the possibilities in the
line of future development are boundless.
In 1908 I asked Mr. John J. Carry, chief
engineer of the Bell, how long it Would be
before there would be commercial tele-1
phone service from New York to San
Francisco. At that time the maximum
distance was from New York to Omaha.
the (‘udahys opening and closing the day's
business by "long distance." ‘He replied
The Mystery of America = ’
the Antarctic continent which our Olborn
belieVes in.
V‘i'hich route did our aboxigines take?
All American Indians. north and south.
"form one race group, sharply character-
izrd, whose language cannot be linked up
with any 0! thoée of the Old World."
Also. when the Spanish arrived among
their most cultured representatives in
Mexico and South America. who “had a
social organization, a cult, an army, va-
ried industries. grandiose architecture, a
syste- of writing and an astronomical cal-
endar. it was found that they were ignoo
rant of the principle of the wheel (that
means of practical transport so universal
and ancient that it cannot be dated).
Thev had no knowledge of sails or oars:
the) had no idea that milk was food; they
possessed no lamps. and had neither
horses. cattle nor a knowledge of iron."
Brinton says that man. in America. goes
hack to the glacial period! But the great
Marc-011m Boule, studying human remalns
in America, will no: date man‘s arrival
there earlier than “the aurora of the
present geological period!" . ‘
it happened. The New York-San Fran-
cisco service was opened with eclat and
precisely on schedule time.
In the {rice or such accurate prophecy a:
this one is bound to believe that long be.
fore the \‘oistcad act is repealed Mr. Izzy
Einstein will be able to‘lk past an inno-
cent looking place of entertainment or an
apartment house, with a tiny transmitter
strallrmi about his‘ueck and a miniature
amp! {Mgr in his inside pocket. and detect
the poppingfiot a cork in the third story
back.
For that simple apparatus is what this
wonder Work involves. When I asked Mr.
Mills and his associates to make for Tm:
NEW Yum: HERALD a photograph that would
show :1 noise cursed people what the sounds
looked like that have made their lives dis—
Mr. \‘ignaud. not working with one
single science but reconciling all as much
as possible. cannot go back even that far.
It man were in America in the stone
age of the Old \‘Vorld how had he no:
multiplied be) 0nd the scattered populations
discovered in 1492?
l‘i'orse, how had they not made more
progress up to .a date when Chinese and
other Asiatics, not to mention Europe. had
attained high civilization? As early as
B. C. 2.000. says Mr. Vignaud. the Chinese
formed civilized communities; “and yet
earlier modern investigations indicate the
yellow race as having attained great cul-
ture." How did those,who had gone to
America. ‘1 where nothing opposed their
development, remain so {richer-11nd?"
Why does he make this reference to the
yellow race? Because the Indians of both
Americas. although their languages have
no such relation, are distinctly of. the
Asiatic yellow race type!
“’hlte. yellow, black. these stick! Prob-
ably a parent. type preceded them. Stuart
Chopin (N. Y.. 1913) claims that the orig-
inal type or all is the white man. W. L.
Duckworth (Cambridge, 1904) supposes a
lost type. from which have come the white
and the yellow, but {not the black. But
according to a. very learned Australian.
' ized up there. But the main
~ south.
-howdidtheyabtmwibabigm
in good condition. The frequency“ of
At left, the end of a word; in center, a briefr‘intex'pal of noise alone, then .
Yorkers in and about Madison Square Gar-
den heard every word of the services at
“'ashington. This transmitter gives a won-
derfully faithful reproduction of sounds of
all sorts. For the making of the prints
here shown it was connected up with a
vacuum tube amplifier of several stages.
which enabled it to operate a specially de—
signed oscillograph. In this instrument the
currentcauses a tiny spot of light to pass
hack and forth across a photographic film.
So delicate is the moving element that a.
sound wave that passes in one ten-thou-
sandth of a second is recorded. .
Jhcn this seeming simple but super-
sensitive apparatus was in readiness the
observer at the window waited until a
steel tired (tray was about to rattle by. and
called through the telephone line, "Shoot?"
911* 1’5 Speech.
, unpleasan U)-
f as well as the licavier ones.
iuuporfionotthewordqnitHnd rhea
thenextu-nckmaeditsnolsemmtnded
with the epolcen m massacre} Thu!
axeeoruofapuremusieultoneatum
an octave above middle 0 vras abet—~50.
cycles to Manet—as: recordofzhe
smedottheffim; ‘
.111 commenting on the prints made mm
"111939 mares. one or the company”:
engineers said- The regularity of mg
12‘ Wetland shown Millennial-table
sign of a tone that is pleasant to listen to.
A certain regularity lsseenalso in 1hr
voice record. but. of course. not to the
mdegree. as thaw are many tones pres.
But in the
there is no regularity whatever. which
means that theear is literally assailed by
:irregular blows. These are just'us un-
. (pleaantjo therear as the rough jotting
. . of afar-m wagon is- in comparison with the
smooth glide of a fine automobile. '
“As to the intensity of the two sounds.
it must be remembered that the ‘noises'
were produced at from fifteen to twenty
feet from the transmittdr, while the voice
spoke direct iy into it. If some one spoke
directly in 0 gear ear you womd find it
loud. almost as loud as a
passing wagon. But the record of the
truck, if it were dciiv cred directly into the
transmitter undiminished hyd;sl.ance.would
doubt} erss d1<n..v itself in much heavier
form upon the film
"The rescarc lice into the transmission of
spectrh have ehcun t..at good quality—-
that is. disti. .6111er and the ability to dis-
tinguish one toice tum another-required
that all the fine. vibrations be transmitted‘
In the speech
record here you will see the fine swings
occur equally up and down. But when the
noise is added many of these Swings are
obliterated. This means that the speech
' sounds have become blurred in your ear
‘because the ear is overloaded by the loud
noises and so any further sound§ produce
merely a rattle in the ear instead of a
recognizable sound. '
"Since it is upon these finer sound waves
that we depend to hear and understand
many words when they come in indistinctly,
we make a mental effort to recognize »as
many of them as we can and guess at the
rest. This effort is one of the principal
causes of nerve s‘ Hrain which in cities has
become so dcstructjte of health and ac-
fivfiy to many. "
At the present time the instruments for
sound who ograr-hy have -not been per-
fected to the degree that makes possible
the recording of the multitude of noise:
which. added one to another, make up the
tumult of the city streets, since one greater
noise. such for exaznplesas the passage of
an elevated train, renders inaudible the finer
sounds which nevertheless count in the
nerve racking aggregate.
Griffith Tayor, the parent of us all is the
black man. and yellowgave birth to white
(Geographical Review, N. 31.. Jam. 1921).
As a fact. the aboriginal Americans did not
get rid of their yellow Mongolian charac-
terisiics.
“In 1912 an American anthropologist
profoundly versed in these subjects,” says
Mr. \‘ignaud, “Dr. Hrdlicka, explored
Asiatic Siberia" in this sense and “found
even more than he had looked for." On
the Yenisei River, particularly. among sur-
vivors of the purest old populations he
found types identical with those of our
North American Indians. The identity ex;
tended even to mentality, manner of dress,
dive.
Archaeology, Geneva. 1912).
Holmes, Brinton and the majority of
American specialists have come to take
this view. In fiance Marcellin Boule, Yer-
neau, Rivet and Capitan hold to it... So,
too, thought Humboldt, Quatrefazges,
Hamy and Nadaillac. The only differences
are as to purity of race. Some‘thinkthpxw
Maiawaolynesian emigration: modified
considerabl) the prixnitixe 3cllow tvpe.
311'. \‘lgnaud takes small stock in it but
”they came from northern Asia.“ - " ‘ ’ 1
They came in successive small emigra-
Lions. They did not have the plow, the use
of cereals, our knowledge of iron. Neither
had they flocks. Hunting and fishing they
must even pass. onward. The~ Eskimos
formed the first emigration, and special-7
push was
The Mound Builders came next. It is
agreed they v‘rere ancestbrs of North
American Indians: but the Athabaskas
(ancestors of Apaches and rNavajos), had
an important role in this peopltng of
. America. 1
But all western tribes and Mexicans
came via Behring Isthmus The Mexicans
(Nahuatl: or Aztecs), according to their
own history, came from western North
America. According to Ixtliixochitl and.
Tezozomoc, princely Aztec haltbreeds, and
sixteenth century Spaniards en the spot.
like Duran. Toruuemnda and Clavigero". the
date was about the year A. D. 300 The
hieroglvphimi map in the Museum of
Mexico shows the arrival in barks at the
Nahuafls. According to the Ramirez
manuscript. it. was A. D. 800. .. 1
For Per-um origin: Markham M-
‘d’on, 1911) redums mummy Monte-
- rinos’safitegfik. 13.200. ForfluBMayas.
_ spinden. “most notable and recent" {New
York. 1911), #3315 their eatfiefl: history
’ about B. c. 235. fir. Vignanit make. that
these native indications mould be pg.
‘So; the mystery of America continues!
It means occupied Anni-lea no recently
(Intematlonal.-Congress of Prehistoric ’
Going south the Mexicins became the
M3333. New, from their own sparsely
decipher-ed 1&ierogiyphics.&c. the Maya:
established themselves in Yucatan about
B. C. 209!
> So the origin of the Mag-as is “the
stumbling block of Americanists." They
may have "come from the Old World by
the east," in which case “they would not.
be related to the Mexicans at all!" We
Vmust "choose between the two opinions.
either that the Maya: came up from South
America. and civilized the Mexicans or that
they were u branch of the Mexicans going
isouthward." . (anal-nay, working on the spam
believes the latter. Mr. Vignaud also.
But while citing important American
works he lemes open a peephole for the
mystery still! Apart from color of skin
there is truly "absolutely no proof of race
relationship of the Indians of the two
Americas": trot “these suffice if you cannot
Show any other emigraticns!"
Daniel "Wilson, "learned anthropologist
to whom Americana owes much." insisted
that,,America- was peopled from the south
rather than from the north! And Mr.
Vignaud himself. admits “the Fol}. nesians.
15.5; the Indians. are. at least in par of
Mongol origin!”.
1 : in: vignaud“ states this along with
Daniel. ’iison's friendly concession that
“51. part of the American aborigines may
'have come— by Behring Isthmus.” Mr.
Vignaud puts it just the other way about.
The mass came by wayof Behring; but ;
few many he come northward from “the
Secret of the Padfic"!
Noseless Statues
HEN the Apollo (now of the Be!-
‘2‘; videre. Vatican) was ting up at
Antium the first question asked
by antiquaries the world over was: In
what con-titled is his case? For in ancient
asinmoderntimathefirst {kingdom
by perm: who assaulted a. statue was
to break its nose.
Bunyau': statue in London 333531.151; had
gnewnoseaqul WWeofBed-_
10rd. who stand: in Redford Square in u
haughty attitude and trailing a sort of bed-
quilt after Tumuha: had several noses in
consequence of losing them in succession
.. whenever the populace mistook him for an
anhlem of current hristocracy. Now they
have made him a nose'of granite and
' ittotheetfigy‘byacexneutwhmh
harden: in the air continuously.
» Every public garden in Europe pom
one tit-mm, slitting, “though mom
.chptmttheymnmm
who mom in most. or than garden.
to have stated univenafiy the in.
noise record
Norwalk Chronicler