l
{afiSDA
AUSTRIA GAINS HOPE-OF STANDING ALONE IRELAND VITAL ¥
ING‘ BACK TO PROSPE_R1TY.TO WORLD PEACE f
v, SEPTEMBER 5, 1922._‘ ,
AND OF WINN
LcSS Is Heard of the -Union'
VVit‘h Germany, Formerly
T h o u gh t Inevitable, and
Development of National
Resources Is Relied --Or1-to
Strengthen
Finances.
the National
The struggle a! the Austrian nation to emerge from the
(mantle! morass in which it was plunged at the end of the
war is described in the following article from the Vienna
m” . 4.;1 (“orrjcspondcnce
, VIENNA. Saturday.
' i’l ii an area of 84,000 square
\\ 1 .lnmvters and a population
of 6,300,000 inhabitants the
r _:~"rmu ltXILllJllC is about one—eighth
n‘, ‘ v former or onomic territory of the
kr-‘ru—lluncariun monarchy.
dissolution of this monarchy
m'.’.~ followml by the complete break-
:vr: of ihv old established economic
bounce. nnd most of the misery after
tin, w-tr must be ascribed to this fact.
Slum; 1018, the year of the collapse of
Allfilrlfl-l'lilngm, all efforts of the
State were concentrated upon
'I‘hr-
nt ‘V
finding a remedy.
Vs’uereas in the beginning the ma-
jority of the population was convinced
{hut an independent Austria was an
Impossible proposition. for political as
well as fiscal and economic reasons,
grad the union with Germany on abso—
lute necessity. the number of persons
believing that Austria can and will
uist is now quickly increasing and
the fusion idea is gradually losing
lorce.
Yet the fight for a reasonable re-
orrenization of the resources of the
new State is desperate. and nobody
can tell yet with certainty whether it
will ultimately be crowned by success.
The real situation is best described
lav the present. low value of the cur-
r~ my, which is at the actual moment
a“ at 19.000 kronen to the dollar,
v. 2' rr-ns the pre~wzlr parity used to be
t-«u than five kronen. The actual
i” lrwt deficit is esliniz‘ltcll at some.
‘1' 2 near (llIvH.fr00,MO,000 kronen. the
':l w: vnilrviy umovervd paper money
"lilion lllth pus-so d the sum of 400,-
unu'l'll'njr
~-n the» iloursn was suddenly
.1.1 by a irmi panic, which threat-
. to wipe the krone out of exist-
. lll‘,‘ Hovernment in collaboration
the bunks decided upon the
:.ilzit;on of a new issuing bank with
unitul of 100,000,000 Swiss francs,
é i'lLr0000 to be subscribed at once.
’I‘v': l-ank will issue only a. limited
, ~mmt of bank notes with the inter-
rl..onrtlly prrscrihed gold foundation
and take, over the circulating,' stock of
old bank notes.
No artificial devaluation of the old
krone Ly slumping or nthrr lu‘ucusses
1'; Mar n-v‘l iii“ mmhml in in. fr-ionvl-d
him: it ginidn 2 increase of vuluv by
'it' .- ill: down of the influ-
9" Wm:
moment win-n the'liiii
. . ‘ rptv institution im-
‘.\‘ nu new bani: notes will be
has helped
.7 L'ive the
. ilrl'v'l‘ times,
, .‘imi of the rr-construc-
l-v' vtrv hard and de-
sihrrnn
fr lilo :lt
r .
.. “q
of Austria is
:il-plr-ximn‘Ily 2,000,000
”we-Ii in $le is, iii‘zlz, with
, '.\i‘l» l“"l>’ the other towns
.' 'ilt- I‘lil‘lhlfl.
:1 mountainous country.
Jun-s not nearly yield suf-
, A: lil‘lJSIfnt. more than 50
I-f the fxod has to be im-
3 far the greater part of the
up in small or medium
': only 6 per cent. consist
- more than 100 hectares
,. r C't'llt. consist of forests.
, ziro unproductive. The
, _ crossing Austria from
wet. make the country very
Switzrrlnnd, and many tour-
, .-; ill-ll it is equal to the latter
it :luty of its mountain
c l t y
per cent. of the population are
l , with agriculture and forestry,
‘ ‘ ' «lit. with industry and handi-
lvith trade and commerce. If
- to exist at. all it will have
' . 1') info an industrial exporting
L , ‘1 Hrs: rate commercial transit
’1~* rnIlr‘avor it is helped by it!
giving room for a con-
‘ " .. ‘uuui industry. and by the
.v faulted natural water DOW”.
r» power of which are al—
iwltr-d for electric energy.
' “‘1’. 2,250,000 are still await-
, ‘inn.
- :.c1~. the construction of hydro-
_' "1 plints is slowly progresslns.
A hand capital in a. constant
“'“5’4'” in these effortl. Yet it 1!
l I543 that some of the main relive!
:1"; will in electrified by the end of
A‘ i With the whole latent electric
: :r. {.111 use Austria would be
’5‘. entirely independent of foreixn
. F“Applies. which are the chief reo-
r; for the passive trade balance. If
"erythinc Hues well this aim my be
’Whed in about fifteen yell".
.Anomer asset in the economic power
9. Vienna 85 a trade, traffic and art
33:”. Vienna come- next to Paris
mtive fashion lace dud bu
My developed intopn. manned
2311011 exporting city for the whole '
"1 The export- to America. of
.~ ‘ ups:
run.- ..\.
"miles. art objects. and article-Johnathon
a»;
connected with ladies’ wear average
bettveen two and three hundred millions
dollars a month.
. The big Viennese banks have amassed
great wealth in the course of the years
and are not only financing Austrian
industries and commercial concerns
but also many industrial and come
merciul concerns in the neighboring
States. With their modern organiza-
tions and international relations they
disciple, Anton von Webern, and Korn-
gold, author of the famous opera "Die
tote Stadt," deserve to be specially
mentioned.
The concerts and recitals are excel-
lent, and there are two famous orches-
tras, one of which, the “Philharmon-
iker.” is Just now on a tour through
South America. Since the krone lost
its former attraction there is some
difficulty of persuading foreign musi-
cians to give concerts in Vienna. But
the home supply is such as to offer
enough compensation for it.
Dramatic art is not as highly de-
veloped as music, although the."Burg—
theater" is still on a high level. To
stimulate. this part of artistic life it
has been decided to call Max Rein-
hardt, a born Austrian. to Vienna with
some of his best actors, like Moissi. and
to give him opportunity for working
part of each year in this city.
Vienna University is famous for her
medical school, which is constantly
attended by foreign medical students
and practitioners. The American sec-
tion has founded its own club here
under the name of "American Medical
Association." ,
The true Viennese is a great lover
of Wine, and as the currency has no
gold basis he likes to give it a. wine
basis and take the price for a quart
liter of wine as his unit. This unit is
‘now about 500 kronen, and the lug-
gage porter at the stations expects to
get one such unit for carrying the lug-
gage from the train to the carriage.
The Austrians are very fond of out-
eosturnes?’ i. 9.. multicolored cotton
skirts with .white blouses and also
hobnailed boots. Huge knapsacks
complete the attire of both sexes.
In winter, skiing and ‘tobogganing
are the favorite sports. Boating, ten.
his, football (association), SWimming,
angling and game shooting as well as
several ice sports are also universally
exercised. Golf. polo, cricket and base-
ball are unknown.
Horse racing was always cultivated
in connection with horse breedingbut
has lost much of its former interest
since the revolution and the impoVer-
ishment of the public. The two big
racing affairs in Vienna are the Derby
and the Fashion race, the latter a spe.
cial occasion for showing the latest
creations of the fashion houses, who
offer a prize for the best horse eVery
year. ,
This year will witness a big inter-
national musical and dramatic festival
a: Salzburg, capital of the province of
the same name, the so-called ”Solz-
burger Festspiele," which will be visited
by many American members of the
“Salzburger Festspielhausgemeinde."
The festival will take place in the sec—
ond half of August. Most of the operas
of )Iozart. a born Salzburg'ian, and
Calderon‘s “YVeittheater” will be per-
'formed at this occasion. and Max
Reinhardt and the Vienna. State Opera.
will take part. i .
Although motoring is little in vogue
because few Austrians have enough
money for keeping motor cars, for-
eiguers traveling in their own cars will
provinces will take up traffic In the
course of the year._ Some of these
lines will, carry their passengers right
into the heart of the highest Alps and
over mountain tops and no doubt be
a, great attractiou to international
tourists. '
The most popular American in Aus-
tria is Herbert Hoover, the organizer
of the American Children‘s Relief Ac-
tion. Thousands of Austrian childr' en
pray for him every day.
Splendid Gift
to University
AGNIFICENT is the gift of.
the Lawyers Club to the
UniversityFOf‘Michigan by an
unknown alumnus. The building is
arranged to include dormitories for
law students. '-"’
Michigan in the last ten years has
received gifts from alumni and friends
amounting to more than $5,000,000.
She has been fortunate among State
universities in the extraordinary gen-
erosity of her alumni, but of all the
gifts made none has held more sig-
nificance. none been more important
than this latest one. It is planned not
only with reference to the new law
building. which will follow' within a
few years, but what is of utmost im-
portance. the proceeds from it will be
used exclusively for financing work in
THETAFNA I
m rue »
AUSTRIAN
TYROL
SCENIC BEAUTIES AND NATIO
NAL MONUMENTS, QUSTRIAN ASSETS.
legal studies.
J
O
-:’—-' t‘€.2 9;—
"IL-.22 Q 2
tlii"
are an economic factor or more than
local importance.
Vienna is reviving from the profound
misery of the first years after the war
and offers international tourists every
reasonable comfort and enjoyment in
the way of music, theat rs. museums
and the like.
The Viennese has his own ideas of
amusements, which do not always co-
incide with international taste. The
international type of dancing saloons,
for instance. is not much favored by
him: he rather prefers less pretentious
wine festivals, known as “Heuriger,”
in the vineyards of the suburban dis-
tricts, or quiet listening to a Waltz
band in one of the numerous cafes.
The few dancing saloons in exist-
ence are chiefly meant for the foreign-
ers. who as a rule, resent it very much
that dancing by the public is not al-
lowed in these plahes, the police having
decided that such gay scenes give a
wrong impression of the seriousness
of the situation and might prove an
obstacle for obtaining'foreign credits.
The immediate reason for this police
regulation was articles published in
foreign papers on thelgay life of the
Viennese by foreign correspondents,
who are now rather ’annoyed about
being themselves prevented from dane:
ing. But Austria being the typical
country of compromises, allowing ex-
ceptions from every rule, there is still
much secret dancing some on in some
barn and night restaurants aftfimld-
night without the police doing much
to stop it.
Al the
railways, which
till very recently owing
maintain only 3 vary
the tummy: are
“though the are in 160
stead of the normal 20 holler,
be rained to 800 3110611.
Vienna. ‘in [nursery 0‘ music. ”0‘
art. Johann about: (the waltz kins).
Beethoven, Brahms. Bruckner. $01“!-
W were either born here 0:
steam driven underground
were entirely stopped
to lack of cool.
limited service
y crowded.
krone: in-
and ‘11.“
«surname
THE CITY HALL IN
THE AUSTRlAN CAP! TAL. .
.> A «Efégggg ES
STRUDEN
ON THE
BLUE
DAN U BE
, c
THE
VIENNA
BOURSE .
A_
door *llfe and greetndmlrere of the
natural beauties of their own country.
Whenever they find the ‘neceesary
. time, they 30% trampling or climbing
excursions, and Sunday trains are
sometimes so full that nome-ofthe
panache»: sit on the muffler stand
on the steps of the railway coaches
for hours and hours. . ‘
v The approved coetume for ouch ex-
cursion: in knickers or very "short
cunt-mun from which leave the
knees bars. a.
hobnniled heavy boots of huge also
and green felt but: with or‘without
chamel- bards. An American tour-
ist ooelni this, apparel asked with
muchnrpflle: “Whydothem
brush“ on their,
.mur' ' '
greenish or blue jacket;
Felecia MARKET IN AUSTRIA; .
and themselves amply rewarded, u
the 'tolerably well kept high roads in
the ‘mountnins disclose some of the
grandest pictures in the world.
The Grouglockner road in Carinthia.
leads. right up to one of the biggest
glacier-9.0! .the.Alpe, and other roads
carry the motorist over high mountain
demos into idyllic valley: with deep
blue I“, concedes. and torrential
mountain menin- of unique beauty.
Flying was hitherto prohibited in
Austria by the Entente. But the
French compony. “Momma"
opened on 321' line from Paris, vh
Vienna. to, Bucharest, which covers‘
themes.- from” Paris to Win
“eight and 1:21.12 hours. .111: am .
suspended.
prohibition hurmw been
momma! ideal Am 7
The Lawyers Club will be a bufld‘
ing of which any university in the
world would be PM hit the imm-
ingltselfie theleastxignlfieentpart
of the gift. for back “the great pile
of marble and stone which will rep-
resent. a great '3. ideal. of
Gothic beauty; back of "huge colt
aim! for shove it, is athlnkln‘mn‘m'l
faith in'the value of research. the
donors lion-ledge d the need for
legal
able iii—time to on
yer: to 7 '
provide footie older
i'egi’u'pmfmm
rims , '
w you: 1“-
Inch
' sensitive to this fact.
work. my, ”-mp um;
By SHAW DESMOND.
HERE are certain volcanic vent-
- holes upon the Continent of
Europe which. throughout the
centuries. have been infallible, indexes
ofthe terrific forces banking up un-
derneath. T he comparativelyrcircum-
scribed areas in which these ventholce
find themselves then become the cock-
pits of the Old World, in'the rings of
which are fought out those, bloody
"mains” which dedde what the Get-
mans call Welt Pol-(tile. Belgium is
(me of these. Turkey and the Balkan
States are others; Ireland may be the
cockpit of the European Armageddon
of 1950.
Since 1914 Ireland has been dragged
out from the hinterland of what until
then had always been purely British
politics into lVelt Politik, or world
politics. Ireland, who politically does
not can, literally, two straws for the
great world outside and who, with her
rsistent parochialism. found more
interest in a told by Black and Tans
upon some lonely Galway farmhouse
than in the colossal struggle of the
great war, is going within the next
twenty-five yefirs to find herself per-
haps the center of the maelstrom that
is coming. The Free State itself, with
its opening up of new trade channels.
will drive her, willy—nilly, to take her
part in the affairs of the "world. and
her position, out there on the western
European seaboard, is going to do the
rest. ,
,{That is why her future relations to
the British Empire are of world in-
' get-est.
Ireland Always Vital Spot in
Attempted Invasions of England
A friendly Ireland is even stillrof
vital import to Great Britain, when it
is remembered that right from Roman
times she has been the turning point
- of England’s flank and that from the
reign of Henry VIII. onward the Brit-
ish Governments have through hard
experience always been singularly
The Spaniards
and the French both tried to strike at
England's heart through Erin and
failed, the last failure being that of
Humbert after the 1798 rebellion.
The words “even still" are used be-
cause the coming of the airplane and
poison gas has radically changed Ire-
land's significance as a strategic "take-
off point" for England's enemies. The
future airplane fivill have a five to ten
thousand mile mains and will be able
to “drip death" over London as easily
from the Continent as from {relantl
Within twenty-five years the future
plane will fly the Atlantic as easily as
the plane of to—day leaps the sixty
miles from Hoiyhead to Dublin. These
are points the strategists, still think—
ing in terms of the 1914 war, scarcely
realize. Some day they will have to
' realize.
Yet despite the above qualification
Ireland being the first land on the
west of Europe, peopled by me and
women entirely nflsunderstood, whose
psychology-ls as much a dark cham?
her to the British statesman as it was
to the German Junker, will again and
yet again be the subject of continental
attempts at England—perhaps even of
Asiatic attempts. Such attempts will
originate in the brains of Statesmen
who, like Ludendorrf and his kind,
never realized that the Irish “rebel" in
the great war would as lief kill a.
German as a. rat, and. with Celtic
logic, ruthless and unsentimental,
would use him to help in the attain-
ment of Irish independence with as
complete indifference as he would use
a demon from the pit, and when he
had used him would throw him in
again—if he were able. That the few
7 Irishmen who knew of the German in-
terference themselves Judged wrongly
and even stupidly, that: they never
realized that where the English had
chastised Ireland with whips the
Junkers would have chastised her with
scorpions, does not alter the case. Nor
is it altered by the fact that between
' the German and the Irishman there is
a psychological gulf unbridgable. The
German heaven would be the Irish-
man's hellhbut for that matter the
Irishman’s heaven would be hell to al-
most any other European.
Nothing can defer the “constructive"
period into which Ireland, despite all.
appearances, is .now passing. Even if
a Republican government came to-
morrow in Dublin and Ireland were
plunged into civil war the period of
building up would still come. For at
least twenty _to twenty-five years we
shall see Ireland, as I believe, -a Free
State Ireland, beginning at the foun-
dations and building herself up. stone
on stone. If during that twenty years
will yet be the best friend/if not of
the British‘Empire—for the Irishman
is by nature and essence averse to the
imperial idea—at least of England.
Sympathy. not always “understand- into “guilds," will have its variou‘ ‘
The economic and even artistic interesh' f '
Already the ‘ '
ins." is necessary to friendship.
' Irish and English peoples may never
understand each other. but there is
nothing to prevent ,them béing ex-
cellent friends. .
Irishman and Englishman , _
' Hold Difierent View: of Life
For the psychological question is at
the root at “the Irish gueeflon." In
these days of “materialist determina- a. certain number of independent can! 3
tion" and Socialist concepts of life as didatee [egg-mam gunner mnp. g; .; .
stomach without soul, it is becoming
and he can be very unconscious—is a
spiritual realization of existence and
the placing otthe things of the next
world before the thing: of this. The '
Englishman's heaven lies rather in
this world of buying and selling. eating
and drinking. than over the shadowy
border of death. To the Irishman
everything in life is translatable by
symbol—the Englishman, on the other
hand, knows nothing about symbol and
holds to what he calls concrete fact.
To the Irishman the Englishman in
sentimental-40 the Englishman the
Irishman is illogical. While the mass
of the Irish traders are just an keen
on ”the main chance" as the English
men of business. under emotional
stress even the most venai of Irish-
men is apt “to catch a vision of some
far off heavenly city" and to let the
main chance go by.
The Irishman, deep down. to-day.
as always, believes that he has certain
peculiar qualities which can only find
their full manifestation when he in
free. To him, the only “mother coun-
try” is Ireland-unlike the New Zea—
lander, the Australian, the South
African or the Canadian. to whom.
despite their increasing differentia—
tion, Great Britain is still the mother—
land. Boston is still nearer Dublin
than London. If miracles still hap:
{fined and some God given statesman
could once realize these most obvious
facts, then in that moment England
would have on her flank a most de-
voted friend who would use the 1381’.
drop of her life blood to keep intact
Irish soil against; any continental in-
vader. The danger is that if Eng-
land still faiis to recognize it, Ireland
may be misused, or may misuse her-
self, in the world welter that is; even
in our generation, to overwhelm white \
European civilization, and so Ireland
might become the European cockpit.
For Europe to~day is once more fast
becoming an armed camp: ‘
Free State Plan Opens Way
To Full Trust in New Ireland
VVhat all lovers of Ireland—and
England—areprziying is that With the
coming of settled conditions and the
building up of the new Ireland under
the E‘s-cc State the British statesn’len;
will seize the profound psychological
truth that the only Ireland which am
be trusted is an Ireland who is trust—
ed—an ireland told to go to hell or
heaven as it pleases her, unfettered.‘
The real merit in the Free State is
that it opens a channel to this reali-’
zation.
Ireland will be bilingual, using Irish-
more and more (already the strides:
being made in speaking this tongue,
even now understood by a fourth at
all Ireland, are extraordinary). Eng-l
lish will be used as the lgnguage of
commerce and will form another and
natural link with the British peoples”
but the Irish Renaissance in poetry,
prose and drama, will find itself large-i
ly, ultimately in the Gaelic, as it is t€
day finding itself in the English inn-=
guage. The fact is that in this queue
tion of. language and literature Irec,
land is fast changing—so much so
that what held good for the day be-
fore ywterday is no longer any indie
cation of the country’s evolution.
Much nOnsense is talked about com-
pletely wiping out English in the
future Ireland and using only the
Irish: Language is undoubtedly the
national focus, but no man ever loses
by understanding other languages
than his own, and in fact, as every"
linguist knows, one’s own tongue gains?
by a. knowledge of other tongues.
England has nothing to fear from;
an educated Ireland, only she must:
also accept philosophically the mom
national outlook and the more cosmoai-
politan outlook which will come at,
one and the same time from a broad-3'
ening of the educational stream. Thai
real menace to Great Britain is the
keeping of Ireland from gaining na-i
tional consciousness; something that,
as in the past, would leave her an easy
prey to sectionalism and prevent her
from acquiring a. steady national policy
toward England. The day that an.
educated Ireland finds her national
soul will see a unified Ireland of both
north and south. and with it a unity
more easy of understanding and one
more easy to work with on equal terms.
All this has been fully realized and ex.
pressed to the writer by men so widely 7
different as ,the southern Catholic
professor, John Macbfeill (one of the
profoundest Celtic scholars in the
world), and the Ulster Protestant,
George Russell (“A E"). Strange as
it may sound. 8 Gaelic Ireland can be
a good friend to Saxon England—en g,
Anglo-Irish Ireland, never.
Economic and Artistic Groups
Instead of Political Parties
The evolution of the future Ireland
politically will, as in other matters, In
vitally different, from that of any
‘Englandls brain flash comes, Ireland other Europea’ncountry. We are more
than likely to see the abolition of the
“party system," and instead the com- -
ing of a group system. under which
the Irish nation, ultimately divided
eepuateiy represented —
trend is unmistakable. .,
' In me recent general elections we"
.found, despite theJ‘ree State-Repum.’
can pact. the Labor puny putting up
andputtinginastrongeec’flonql
Inbor'men, the Farmers Union and the I
mtemyerl’ associations 'puttins ~39 ,
their on candidates. and in addition
thelrish people.
,mWWW'mwma-IM‘ AnybftheEnropeancounti-iegm fir»
‘ ,
\,,,
Norwalk Chronicler