ENGUSH WOME
WORE WEDDiNG
Engagement R i n g 8
Were “Safety First”
Badges Designed
to Hold F ickle Man
to His Bargain
placed upon the noses of hogs
“A
and the fingers of women
to restrain them and bring them to
subjection."
silt'll is the nnromnntic definition
:plycn for Wunlell's favorite bit of Jew.
wiry by that (mint-lit but caustic com-
;nitr ul‘ til:ii0hzil‘lc§, Slimucl Johnson.
(\5- :L matter i-t‘ fact. there wasn't much
w mclnve \‘zunnt-r'tcd with the ring back in
second mintury ll. (3.. when Woman
',r~‘. begun to flash it on the fourth fin-
rr oi‘ her hit hand as :1 symbol of
vtrmthzil. The engagement ring origi-
ntntl us a “safety first" institution to
«id {lvkln and forgetful man to his bar-
'rm: from the. time he made his first
.«synwni ol’ lnvo until thclwedding cere-
rruny took place. As an ancient docu~
:u-nt reveals: »
“There are many men who. forgetful
of their plighted faith. defer the fulfill-
ment of their nuptial contracts. There-
fr. re. there Sllflll be a solemn declaration
before witnesses and a. betrothal ring
given and accepted.”
The first vngugwmcnt rings were of
RING is a. circular instrument
,5..
iron, “Harman‘s vanity soon sensed that
;‘.lil'l n cumin rsmnc ornumunt detracted
frr-n: Mir l‘r’llliiy Hf thl‘ llilllltltlst hand.
«.4» mild omis- superseded the iron for
{tilllillt' ill-ll’H’ll‘JllCCP. But the thrifty
Lil'ltll“‘ii«‘l‘fif of the olden days continued
tr. wvur livi“ iron one indoors.
Tlmuch tlwrw was no romance in
man‘s grams: of the rinu‘. wumfln injected
:1 litti. Sv‘llllilii'llizllity min the wearing
of it. She l'i’luF" to display it on the
fourth lingrr. imvansv of the fancy then
prt-vnlvnt that :1 sillwf‘lzll w'in run from
N OF lGibCENTURY
RINGS ON THUMB '
J Wis
\vfizoomo
FWF’S '
spite the old Hindu superstition that
any one wearing a. ring on this finger
would have bad luck. During the sev-
enteenth century England chose to have
the engagement ring adorn the thumb.
Though authorities on the history of
the ring deny that it originally signified
that the man had paid a. sum of money
for his bride there is an old German
formula which reads:
“1 give you this ring as a sign of the
tween us, provided your father gives
with you a marriage portion of a thou-
sand reichtalers."
For a. number of centuries the .en-
duty as the wedding ring after the cer-
r-mnny.
nuptial partner, was not given from sen-
timental motives, but was at the start
almost as practical an article as a. i'ry-
ing pan. The wife was equipped with
a plain gold band with a key attached
so that she, and she only, could have
access to» household valuables.
The wedding ring was adopted among
Anglo-Saxons about 860 A. D. During
the generations since then it has been
alternately highly elaborate and severely
plain. The reason why English women
wore thgm‘on their thumbs during the
‘ii
iih‘iu
\.,-.;
' nth
.4?
ll
W7:
that fills” r ll the heart. Later on. when
(:(jfixncr «l'h‘tliei-‘l ”it‘ll. lht'fll‘y other lingers
lavmml; the fashion. In Russia. the ring
Wm; worn no the forefinger. -French
\rnmun \yurw it on the middle finger do-
A Few Facts
I
About Stockings
. 0T every stocking marked No. 9
N is or the same size and share as
l every other stocking~ similarly
, "'lil. Different brands oi” stockings
r in length. and even more do they
r In width and shape. It is wise
. fun: to adopt a. certain brand of
' 'ii'llll‘ that fits your foot particularl
villi: than always to secure th
lainc when you wish to replenish
supply. ’
I: y'all are. buying novelty or imported
.. Icing; the brand of which you are
:‘tmiiirlr with. be sure to examine
, l‘fllfil‘llll'V to see that the shape is
in your foot. Few things are more
it." Jug than small stockiig’s. Silk
“ rigs that are too small are espec-
3" ., umoying as there is less give to
‘ rimn to those of wool or lisle.
m,- is quite a. vogue now for lisle
" especially in the sap-called
types. Often these are more
ivr- than silk stockings. almost
~ more so than those of fibre silk.
many persons find a. solid quality
king an economy as it is usually
iuruble than those Of all silk.
nullity] rind stockings of silk and
' ,-- most comfortable and enduring
market. ' ‘
~ 'lilwl "nude" stockings. stockinfl
ml and other light tan shades
, it‘llnl‘ at the present time. They
'm‘x 2mm by many Women ot‘exclu-
in spite of this Wide FOFVlfl-T'
m'ly have found that usually
of this color in the better
, quite expensive. It is possible
mod quality white lisle stock—
lower price. One Woman who
r U» wear the tinted stockings this
“Wt nml does not wish to pay the
{Wm M... asked for them. has bought
‘ 5 8 “Jenn white lisle stockings and
h 1h! rnrl of a. package“ dye has
’ f-'-‘:‘l'tI-v‘. mum into "nude” colored stock—
'V-E‘s that show no flow in the 43’er-
Smokerl. L" . < _
Smoking by women is not“; modern
"me. As long ago as 1791 a. writer in
a book called "The statistical Accé‘uné
M SCOHMG." lamenting the purulent»
0’ "mid"! among women at that
3:: !said: “Thom in score. 5. m
Mm to smoke.”
‘Thaearethetlmecth
fisleamedtoiplnbuthgliho.
‘Why My Husb
'M about to be married. And I'm giv-
ing up my Job. But I'm - not
going to give up all the things I
have learned in this Job.‘ I shall make
them an asset to my husband and make
his mdrried lite happier nbecause of
them.
By working in a. business office I
have learned the value of time—that a.
wasted hour is like lost money. You can
never get it back again. So I shall re-
spect my husband's business hours. and
not break into them with my own do—
mestic troubles. If the radiator bursts.
I hope I shall know where to .get a
plumber without calling up the office to
tell him all. about it while a. client sits
patiently waiting for him. And after
supervising the moving of an oftice‘~sev-
eral times. I shall be able to enginee our
household goods around in moving t mes
without his having to take a. day of! to
pack the china! If we ever reach the
affluence where servants are possible. I
hoped shall never call up my husband
'when the cook leaves to get him to tele-
phone around to the employment agen-
cies'mr a. new one., He wouldn't. expect
me to scout aroundrfor a. new stenog—
rspberJor himb-w'hy should he tie up his
nrm‘: telephone wires trying to invelgle
a. domestic lady into our establishment?
1nd by’ my. husband's, business hours,
I moulds secretary's ”business hours
too. I've spent enough lunch hours dosh-
lng ground from shop to shop to mgtcb
sompleo for the boss's wife to know I
don't wan to make some other girl do
that for 5‘.“ Taking an extra hour.
at noon in. do these little errands usually
mean: uh hour's worktat closing
ume'lo chm: up ’
‘the day's work and
that’s not fair "to“tho girl. “
Only those Who have‘ worked. at» a.
desk steadily..d1y in and day out. can
knowithe ‘ * of leisure hours.
Saturda” y 1W" , 'nsiand gundgygkg:
‘ ham. or c y o .
the golden ‘ ey. surely ought
their own. Andi! mm
eon. 5° ‘ L " mi? d radii and
7‘ ‘ d r- 1‘ up ers n .
" dd»! out holin- beeu shut up in
m . ed. I've heard too many
all 1 Ltheir husbands
on
ma' tun”"ln that
desert. 33:: bushy-51.0 want to add
ronh- I'm going to
. no und‘tennuoo
lmézpmnhufibwd
ATTACHED'SO THAT
~ WiFE COULD LOCK
UP VALUAsLes-
marriage, which has been promised b.--.
gagement ring was also obliged to do,
The wedding ring. like its pro-‘
Cold Business *Mi'xed ;Vith Romance and 7 Religious. .
M akes. H tstory 'of WeddingRings a; Fascinating Study
f ‘*~:.
I
b
w .. 1
mos HA is
reign of George 1. was because they
were too large to wear on any other;
The old Hebrew betrothal rings;
finger.
were almost as large as turnips.’includ-
ing in their superstructure reproductions“
of Solomon's-temple or some other sacred
building.
The old custom of husband and wife
exchanging rings W‘ben married origi—
ratcfl in Russia. The bride was given
a RllVUl‘ rill: to signify that she was
"the less honorable vessel." while the
bridecrnnm drew a gold one to Show
At onv time the «incagemcnt ring con-
sistwl nt‘ ihrm- huops looped together
into what was known as n gimmcl or
puzzle ring. ‘.\‘hen the wedding took
plnre one of they: hoops was kept by the
bride”. one given to the groom and the
third bestowed on an intimate friend
who rusted as witness in the ceremony.
The age of svntimuntality‘ which
cropped up during the fiflwmth and six-
teenth centuries resulted in “pm-5y
rings." These Were regulation wedding
rings on which were inscribed elligz'ums
revealing the sentiments of the contract-
ing parties. One humorous "belle" who
had gone through three husbands and
was marrying her fourth had inscribed
on her ring:
Business Girl’s song of Experience——_
and Will“’Rejoice’.
I've noticed. too, that a great many of
the business friendships thin are so es—
sential to a young man starting out‘in
business are born and nourished on golf
links or in club rooms. A man needs
these contacts with other..business men
in his play. as well as in his work.
I am going to [keep-my hands off my
husband's business—and this 18 going to
he hardest of all. For I boom to know
a good deal about it, and am intensely
interested in its development. . However.
he is going to run it. Because I want
to respect, as well as love my husband.
I want him to assum/x and keep the re-
sponsibilities that are rightfully his—-
just as I shall want to keep my own re-
sponsibilities for myself. I am going to
run our home and keep away from our
office—even though I am tempted to
see if I couldn't make some improve—
ments there! He will have a. free hand
as far as I am concerned. '
It I can do all this (or one-half of
this) my husband will be luckier than
the husbands with whom I haverworked.
But I guess I will bring out this paper
every six months to see it I am falling
down on the job. and have him check
me up“ to:- lees tlutt I've
checking up.
’7 ‘ ‘ .
.News Jottmgs 7. H
. ' 7 o g
, , . of Fair Sex
. An American woman “1110 merciesan
uhn’axura‘llxed alien torteitsher. Ameri-
can cltilenship and tblreby loses has
right to vote. ~_—
, ._..._._ .
Women were first licensed to act
Womeii’fi parts on the stage by Charles
II. in 1662. Uni to thallium feminine.
roles had been played by men and boys.
”7A: a. recount the world"wa.r.“there is
nevi“; considerably disproportion be-
tiveen the sexe- flvulllurope. . The con-
sequencols tint I. high proportion ’01,
men no law canoe: Wwbh’
—.——.
,mvmmgerro! one.=
claims to have disco
mmmdlnlraremora M, _,
”blonds ornaments sisters. 3nd 1calm ,
V
kuovim ne'edx
. fire many good’ cluldglabog
24»
S mbbls
i;
lMMENSE. RiNG WiTi-l EEMALE HEAD.
I
!
RANGS WORN BENEATH
GLOVESNJHICH HAVE
SLlTS TO SHOW THE
RlNGS . RlGHT HAND
FOUR RINGS ' ‘ ‘
"If I survive I will have five."
But for the most part the poesies were
of a. more tender nature, such as. “Love
me. and I will lot'c thee"——"In thee my
choice I do choice"——“I have obtained
whom God ordained." One famous‘old,
wedding ring has a hand. a heart, a
mitro and a death's head on it. together
with the inscription: _
"These three I give to thee -
Till the fourth shall set me free."
Frequently the rings were inscribed in
a puzzling fashion by interlocking the
names of the bride and groom.~ One
bears the inscription. "gAeloHrPgOeS."
which reads George to the left and
Sophia to the right. Then again. stones
were used to spell out the name.
"Sophia" would be represented by a
sapphire, opal. peridot. hyalite. iolite and
amethyst. the first letter of each stone
spelling out the name.
She was proud of her rings. this
medieval woman—~50 proud that she
could not bear to hide them with gloves.
“’hcn she went out to functions that re-
lowcr part of
a variety that had the
precious stones could peep through.
Child 1.11m~ Is A the
- Responsibility .Of
Every Citizen
HILD labor is not alone a. matter
of cotton mills or glass tat-
tories or, neceSsariiy, even any
Citizen in a recentreditorial.
whom you buy your paper.
inspectors for. . anyway?
But thcré'is a trespon
each on
‘ Public
on adequate protection to children. .
stead of buying your; paper-1mm
how cute he is. find out wh’
badge.
many cits during
plcious. but Win his friendship.
' Possibly“
friendly. » WEE?-
been flee
“armaments" of the 8
bear-11116311 6%
‘71: a.‘
x vegetables as onions.
rWith lit.
quired the wearing of gloves she wore'
the fingers slit so that the gold, and '
kind or big business. says the Woman
It exists -
often quite close at hand where you as _
not, look for it—‘in your own street. in“
the shop where you‘buy your breach in
the hotel where you stop. in the boy of
It is easy'to grow indignant over the
children yo’urreafi shout toiling in_ the
hot fields or working a. long day over-
the' cotton. spindlepbut you are so sc-
Customed. to the .nswsboy. to the page
and bellboy and to the small boy who
delivers at your door that. you don't
think of the child labor law of ‘your
State as applied to him. What are the
sibility which?
8' or us has as an intelligent
citizen. and that is to know “the details
or the. [child labor law in .‘our State
”and then to help see that 'it is'entorced.
i “No‘ State‘can afford to ~malntain a
force otrinspectors large enough. to see
that. the law ls:not, vlqlsted anywhere.
opinion and individual rebpons‘l—
bility‘must supplementtbe work at the
ins’pectors"_if even the best law is to be
$1:
tiniest of. the newsboys and .thinking
i , .the' best
authorities say aboutr‘ the ‘ettect, ot'
street trades on children.‘ suppose "you -
inquire .his‘ age and ask to see his.
Has'he working papers? ‘ If it _
is- summer-alias: he yacatiou working.
' V 9 .What are. his hours? 430w
the _‘ earsidoes-be
go "to school?” Don’t. make him susi
his employer. does'not know ,
that h’efis violadwthe State law and
somethina 'may be done the“ info
The: Federal law has
unconstitutional. but there
Wan-m
w
Chop- any! non-ti. ’
The tender. cuts of. both: lamb and
mutton rare the rib cuts, the loin and
the leg. These areflsultable for either
broillngr'or roasting._ The shoulder of
lamb makes an, excellent baked meal: if
boned and stufled. 1 *
~Bmla'_ 1198a!“ Dressing.
Mix hair a'teaspoonful of mustard.
hair's. teaspoonful or salt, an eighth «ot.
a teaspoonful of pepper. “Add these dry
ingredients to one tsblespoonml-ot lemon
juice, 'one teaspooui‘ul or \Vomstershlrei
sauce. one teaspoonfulot' minced green
pepper. together. Beat'all Into half a
' cupful of salad and two teaspoontuls of
minced parsley mixed oil and~serve"at
once. 'i
‘ non-made. Omelet
« Cut a. medlum’sized Bermuda. onion
into dice and fry in butter until tender.
.but not browned. Drain and add to an
omelet mixture made by heating‘ to-
gether 4 eggs, ' 2 tablespoons of hot
water ,lLl’ld salt and paprika. ‘to taste.
Fry until delicately browned. fold and
slip'on to a warm platter and garnish
= with rings of onion and watercress and
surround with radish roses.
Stew.
In making stew of, either lambcr
mutton choose cuts from the fore quar‘
ter. Remove all excess fat. season
the meat well, and allow sufficient time
for cooking. since meat stews should
he simmered rather than boiled. ,Such
carrots. and peas
may be added to the stew or served
_ g .4
Chicken Curry.
Select a tender chicken an-l cut in
pieces as for a fricasseef Cover with
cold water, adding two small onions cut
‘1 in pieces,
iherbs and a. small stalk soup celery.
1‘ Put in salt and pepper to season, then
gslmmer slowly for three-quarters of an
a 'bay leaf. a bunch sweet
hour or until tender. Take the chicken
up on a"hot platter and thicken the
broth with tWO _tablespoontuis butter
stirred with two tablespoonfuls flour.
3 Mix a. heaping teaspoonful curry powder
with a little of the broth and add to
, ture over bananas.
Timelyz.RéciheéJ'Th’at Help to. ;
Relieve tJ1e! bMOn'o‘tOny, “of ‘Menu
1: the yolks Mini-ea beaten wood the
juice oihalf a lemon; When the gravy
the curry; egg yolks and lembn. but‘pusla
.the kettleiback “on the stove. eo’fthere
will be no danger or the egg curdling.
.Pour. the gravy over. the chicken .on
the platter and arrange a border or rice
around its edges. .Serve very'hot. " '
Curries mu.
Melt two tablespoons ox butter, blend
one-halt teaspoon of salt ,and a‘ :ew
grains of pepper; add slewly one pint
Vof‘ thin cream. stir until. smooth, :addvfour
chopped. herd«boiled' eggs and one tea-
Spoon of curry powder; cook twomin-
, f ‘ ’
Boiled Lamb or Mutton.
’ Boiled meat. so called. is properly pre-
pared by. plunging the piece'lnto' boil—‘
ring water. than keeping the water sim-
mering ~until the meat is tender but not
cooked to peces. The leg. shoulder,
heart. tongue, and cuts. from the breast
of eithe; lamb or mutton may be cracked
in this way. By using different kinds
of s‘rafivies and relishes much variety
can be given. 'Cold boiled mutton, pan
fried in a little butter or other fat, is
particularly good as a. luncheon: break—
Baked Bananas.
,Six bananas. juice of one lemon. two
tablespoons of butter. melted. one-Quar-
ter cup sugar. Use firm bananas, not
over ripe. remove skins. cut in halves
lengthwise. andplace in shallow baking
'dish. Mixvgmelted ,. butter, sugar and
lemon juice. and spread hall; of the mix-
Use remainder {or
basting fruit While baking. Bake twenty
minutes in slow even.
% 'fimrlcnn Cream.
Half box gelatin. one quart milk. Set
on back of store to heat gradually. Boil
a. minute or two. Takeoff stove and
stir in yolks 'of four eggs we‘ll beaten
with three tablespoons sugar.» Thcn’udd
whites. well beaten with three table—
spoon-s sugar and ’t '0 tablespoons
vanilla. Put in dish eady for table.
Serve next day with cream.
National ASsociation- for Speech ‘
Criticizes Voice Of
You may pay to have the‘ wrinkles
; smoothed out of your skin, you may hire
someone to arrange your hair. you may
buy-advice about what. to wear and how
‘ to wear it. but after you have pur-'
chased charm and beauty from you
hairdresser. your costumer. and youy
masseuse, you may open your mouth to
talk, and spoil the whole effect by an-un.
pleasant voice or carelesg enunciation. .
American women slre. probably. the
best dressed women in the world to—day.
effecting. as they do. a. medium between
the extremes of the French and the stilt-
ness of the English. But American
voices are. too often. harsh and strident;
Miss Dagmar Perkins. president of the
National Association for American
Speech, says. “I believe the day will
Come when women will go once a, month
or once a. week to have their speech»
brushed up. just as they go now to have
;tl~eir nails manicured and their faces
massage“. “' ,
Miss Perkins, “something can , be ac:
compllshed simply by thought. The
high pitched. nervous voice is the result
of a tense attitude of mind. Relaxation
system. Incorrect articulation, too. may
be corrected by; conscious effort. Many
people have {unpleasant 'voices because
enough other hostesses followed her to
“But e\'on without training." goes on,
will help both the voice and the nucleus
Huge Ornamental Sleeves . Find Their _Way§
In, Even the M osft Conservative F all Garments ,
A meric'an. Women
have grown, accustomed tothe sound of
their voices, just as we become accus-
tomed to discordant city noises. If we
come to the city after a. long sojourn in
the country the noises bother us at first.
Soon, however, they become a part of
our consciousness and we cease to notice
them.
"Defects of voice and speech are very
rarely the result of physical defects.
They are caused by bad training or by
lack of training. Not long ago u little
boy was brought to me who had never
been able to say ‘motfier.’ He always
pronounced the word ‘mudder.’ His par-
ents were distressed over the fact. They
were sure his Vocal organsx must be
*sbnormal in same way. In ten minutes
I had that child saying ‘mother.’ He
had simply never been taught. how to
produce the word." ,
In 'all stations of life the controlled
and cultivated voice is an incoleulabie
Asset. We seldom fail to acclaim over
the man or woman whose voice is low
and pleasant. Such a voice wins friends
easily, In the home the woman whose
voice never rises in anger or excitement
commands a tremendous aid in controll-
ing her children ‘snd her servants. The
woman seeking a. position must let her
voice stslnp her for what' she is. Expe-
rience. recommendations, are valuable,
but personality is the biggest factor. and
the voice is perhaps the biggest element
Is smbotb and thickened T“ is slow]?
in three tablespoons'ot flour mixed with
utes longer and serve on squares of“
toasted bread. "7‘ ., "
In this day of public.
meeting: it in the woman with the clear”
winning voice who can get their law ‘
across to her hearers. It does normal
terrrhow compelling the speakers. mes-
sage may be, it she cannot make hero's}:
understood; , - ' ‘
Finally. any organ wrongly used. of
feels. disastrously the rest or the body ,
A wrongly used voice may injure thi ‘
,whole system A personwho talks with:
(he cords at the front of the throat and
is straining not only; mascara but
nerves at the bucket the neck. A w
Who talks constantly in a high. exdtfi
voice is producing a, fatigue felt not only
in the vocal organs; but throughout the
n
in personality.
.__.z
' ,, , xv
Women “410 Lead , i‘
o » o o '
rig/Various Fields
Miss Ella \‘Viley or Birmtngham.’ ‘
recently completed 3. quill: cunts! ‘ ‘
30,000 pieces of cloth and untold stitches "
Miss Pauline M. Floydrls the young-7
est woman lawyer practicing. before till.
United States Supreme Court. ,. ”
,4
The deputy organist to Sir Frederic? ‘ :7
Bridge at“ Westminster Abbey 3 a 164' 5
year—old girl, Aileen Brangden.
, Alexandra. the British Queen Mothg ,
now in her seventy—eighth year. is ,
more active than most women of be!
age. ' ' ‘
Tyrice married to the mine man. Mm
Ella. Fisher of. Reading. Pa... istobt
given a. second divorce decree. "
‘ i
‘Mrs. Mary .McKee and Mrs. Clan
Liorris, both grandmothers. are walking
trcm Minneapolis to Sioux City, 13..
The modern Chinese woman is becom-
ing a. confirmed cigarette smoker. Seven-
billion cigarettes were imported Into
China. last year. ' 7 3. ,
Lelie S. gdmundson. who 13.1
"Cotton Queen of thtr :7
thd » ,
Mrs.
known gs the
South," is a candidate for a seat in
United States Congress.
J
Culinary Kinks
for the Housewife '
Have the centerpiece on your dinner ' *
table low. Ix , ,
t I
Never serve more than one fried {0067 .7
at a. meal. - t
o o c
Plenty of kitchen utensils are needed
for successful work.
a o o
Bury the yeast cake in salt 11' you;
wish to keep it a. while... 7 ;
t O O
i
i
1 ,
Add a little chopped parsley and ,
onion to the mashed potatoes. ‘ 1 '
. C O *
It is; wise economy to grind cottea'
as it is needed. as ground coffee quick. ’
ly loses lt»»flavor and requires morn.
in the making. Hence. ground cofleo
should never-be bought in large qugnezr
titles. All coflee should be kept in well;
Household Notes ‘ J.
* for the M}?
A ohms sauce is sometimes sent-xi " .
with cauliflower; the combination is de{
llcious. p;
Sorrel make. a. delicious accompanii ’
ment to veal. Serve with poached eggs
, i
on it.
Serve Neufchatel cheese as slouch}, ’i
eon dish with stufled dates and mayoni ' ‘
noise. ,_ 3"
Vegetables to be used for garnishing
can be cut into fancy shapes baton :
I,
canning.
—
[i
a
sumac: . ' ~
j";
1.... M“: .
.1. 1,. , w,“
Norwalk Chronicler