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Snead Correnpoudenrc,
By DONALD M’GREGOK.
Fwnarly Captti: U. 5. Army.
“magma-ms, D (T
HE next war will claim its toll of
I death in tens of thousands where
thousands have fallen in the past.
It will be briel. a war in which all the
tmible developments of science will be
employed. quickly. surely and with grim
prerismn.
The next war will see Whole cities oblit-
erated within an hour. The end will come
lwiftly to the mvil populations. Noncom-
hatznts. such as women. children and in.
valids. will gasp and tall dead in their
backs» Poison gas is no respecter of
persons.
The b06493 of the victims. the agony still
showing in their faces. will be burned.
15me bombs dropped from airplane:
will at the cities ant-me so that only smoky
stone and roncrete framework 0! mon
nitrous buildings will be standing amid the
ashes as monuments to the dad.
The next war will find engines of death
Mn; through the night to envelop a
magnificent battle fleet. The torpedo. un-
met but with a. musical device that
steers it on its course to the steel armor of
a warship. will send a new of 1.500 officers
and men to dumb in the seas Those who
struggle namely for life amid the floating
wreckage will be Emotbered With gag.
Armies. selected from the superior man—
hood of the nation. “'1” be destroyed by
the newest overpowering weapons that sei-
cncra- has devised. The next war Will take
away the last vestige of individual bravery
firmrtsmanlike warfare. .1’ you pleat-lar—
that has in a sense maria!) war ill the past.
The stirring: days at 1561 are well Within
the memory of many. Out at the North
and the South there mart-bed yurnng men
in blue and gray to shoot at one unatter
with rifle and cannon. Individual bravery
counted for much in those tunes. leader-
ship. marksmanship with the rifle. 41059
Contact with the ha, 0th and the sabre.
This was true during the Revolution. [:19
War of 1812 and the war Witt: Mexico. The
Spanish-American war had many of the
same el-ents. and the nation looked on
the soldier as one Who went forth to do
his part against the enemy. not as the
unit in a great scientific machine for
wholesale killing.
Whine warfare to a certain extent
characterized the world war. but science
did' not get fully into its stride until the
closing days. The appalling methods. of
dating out (lath were fairly well devel-
oped. but not to the highest point. when.
the armistice me. It has been since that
eventful date in 1918 that the greatwt ad—
vancement. it advancement it may be
called, has come about in the scientific
ways of killing men. '
These terrible new instruments are the
airplane and the bomb. but while the means
of using them has developed there have
bear some very important, although less
55:! unis )'
mush improvements-tin the use of sub- .
marines. Altogether they constitute- what
now are bang called the "weapons of the
viper.”
They are 50- deadly, so complete in their
destruction that the Conference on the
ld-itztion oi Armament. new gathered in
Washington will be asked to call a halt.
The delegates of the civilized nations of
the world will be appealed to to forbid
their use. to stop. their further develop-
ment. sothat it war. ever coma again all
mankind will not. b0 annihilated.
The ail-puma and the bomb go hand in
hand. One is imtecuve without. the other.
Further. the bomb is the only successful
method»! handling poison gut.
It is obvious of Wynn ifLDOison 888
in to be: released it must be sufficiently tare-
trotn those who release it so tint there
be no but: action. Anything so deadly
easily might result in the death at those
who are attempting to administer it. The
mean; therdare. is that it can be put out-
in our!!! two ways, when (1er in enn-
tainers from airplane: or when burlad
through their in canisters as a sheila-om»
artillery. ‘
This luv never has been M2
1w'm“mr elements to be considered:
mm to I“: one being “what-sting
WM it hit; Annular feature is:
Terrors of Poison Gas, P
Science Has Harlem Em of DeWnSo That Cities WW3: “iterated in a
Few Moments With Tens of Thousands of Tortured Victims Amid Their Ruins-—
Fleets FaeeSnmnthflmnt Wm 22.:
F m Above
How science has develozwd viper warfare vividly
Rficted Forgedeea aid Bombs
Wodd. Kill Strugling Crews .With Gas.
fg‘.
with the tat tub: mightier than the cannon and its product more deadly than
any army. Above at left is Brig-Gen. A: A. Fries. Chief of the Chemical Warfare Service, who recently told of new poison gas infinitely more
horrible than any used in the war. Aft right is a “many" on kitchen police in gas strewn area. -
the inability except in the largest shells to
tarry any poison gas in quantities Worth
While. These features are overcome in the
aux-plane which may dropa thin wall bomb
full at misan gas with the assurance that
'n hitting the ground the container wzll
break. thereby releasing the gas.
The poison gases that have been derel—
098d by the United States Army are the
most deadly in the world. It has been out
mated that a single drop Will kill immedi-
ately on contact. The gases are of various
ltfnds. however, and their results different.
They have been worked out by the fore-
”mbt chemists‘of the nation. Scientists: m
the torn rank. who have gone a: the matter
ruldbloodedly to develop the most deadly
vapor in the world.
America never went mm the question
of poison gas until the start of the world
war. Then in the rush to he prepared for
the conflict a group 01 chemists was» called
to Washington to give the benefit of their
knowledge. There developed then as a
unit independent of the Ordnance Depart-
ment what is known now as thg Chemical
\Vartare Service which has been retained
as a separate stat! mm-
It may as well be said frankly that the
name “Chemical Warfare" washdected to
avoid the word ‘fas
felt it would be unbecoming to retain the
name originally intended. the “.gas and
flame" service.
0! room, the'chemical Warfare Service
has gases other than poison gases. The
variety includes some which are not so
deadly, tear gas and m which merely
burn. without leaving permanent ininry.
The names of the various chemicallnseddh
modern warfare—it is too inemt 31311100”
to say poison as war; chemical warfare
The army itself“-
being much more accurate and descriptive»-
:irc too familiar to warrant repetition.
Chic: among these now familiar wmnom
at about is mustard as. which caused far
acre camaltis in the last war on both
.:ides than any other chemical employed.
Without question. our military men agree
developments of mustard gas will be a
prime weapon in the war of the tutnre. it
there is to be another war.
Mustard gas has this {rightful diameter-
isttc; Sprayed over an area at ground into
dugouts or underground retreats. cast any-
h‘here in any manner. it absolutely makes
that territory uninhabitahle by living
Creatures for at least a week. and otter: ten
days.
Brl ngen. Am A. Fries. new Chief at
the Chemical Wtrfxre Service and acting
as: chemical war adriser to the contemnce.
is inhibited by his preset: duties from
chemiml warfare discussion. but it is uni
likely that be has changed his views re-
cently given. At that timeGen. Friesmost
vmmy portrayed the min and desolation
that could .be brought on any land by even
a few airplanes (retained with even a few
tenant mustardmas‘alqne.
The vision of this competent authority-
min-aces a picture ot'a. grentrcity; m Sew
York. at night. Five minim. persons are
sleeping ”canny. Twenty thousand tea
above a million how a. squadron of (at
flying wanes is circling. Longvbetore. the“
pilots and the gas bombers. perfectly:
equipped with maps and " directions, have
plottedthewulnerable. pointed the matter?
0113, bowing. to a hair whet-eta gimmetlr
devastating-fluid to do the m dam
At a. word [torn the squadron oom-
mander servers are tilted; which reimeover
central Manhattan, over Harlan; over the
lcwer first Side. are: the upper West Sidet
mm of pounds «*vnim gas. With;
in three minutes the city is min:
with terror and min. Those not blinded
_are burned. There is a rush for the in.
terted areas. The deserts themselves are
not less habitable. Fires start and there
is no means of quenching than. Great dis-
trict: fall into Machined rains. It is im-
possible for the military, the police arml-
nnteen to come within east-tire dime
of this active. functioning poison.
That is'one picture.
There is another. still partly im‘ a
live. it is true. but which is being trans-
lated into tact in more than one labor-a.
tory of the great Powers. For many years
about!” have dreamed 0! some radioactive
substnnee which wank] continue almost inv
definitely to throw 03 burning. deadly
tor-re. Before the last war closed there
was more than a hint that some such ssh
stance was in graces: of development. H.
G. Wells in one of his novels used the idea
with dramatic force. If that substance is
ever mnnd warfare will become as imma-
sfixle as cannibalism. My country. nemat-
ter hm: small or weak. Will have the re-
sources snflit‘ient to equip itself with that
savagely'cteatmtve weapon.
Wittmnt going into the future. however.
another glance or two into the recent past:
:5 revealing. 0f the 275,803 casualtiesgo!
the United States Army in the last war:
more than at per cent were canned by the
various gasm used. with mustard gas the
triost hurtful.
Advocateuot (menial warfare insist that
menseotgases.sthemosthnmam
method at. attacking an my. 1‘3:me
their contention on: the fact that as a rule
the gut majority of ganséd men recover
under skillful mm with lattie ewfi
meets. They argue that it is infinitely
Whumane'to asphvxiatea * few thousand
men temporarily, thereby puttin them 03
or! action and accomplishing a deszred tat.»
tital stroke. than it is to Shaun their
Indies With shrapnel or machine gun
bullets.
Without anemiating the ranch on the
probability. it is worth while saying that
my thoughtful persons in our military
service and in the scientific departments
of the Government would like tn see :11:-
limitsad experiment and development in
«*‘nemical “at-fare methods bemuse they be-
lieve that very rapidly <hemic:.l warfare
weapons wonld be perfected to such a.
dreadful menace as to make war ’tteriy
unthinkable.
They say. too. that with this cheat”:
weapon rady at need in our great the {ac-
tories. the United States net-d have no fear
of foreign armies or fox-sag: navies.
an; it is not only unison gas that is
dropped from airmen There are many
other types of bombs wand: wreak damage
making this new sci more
terrible.
There are bombs that set“
meugmm amt fields. bum '
phosphnrus. in the flames of which nobody
would be able to exist. These were dam
castrated not long ago inthe army tests
with the obsolete battleship Alabama. in
We Bay. The W enrektiifid the
ship and it was demonstrated that such an
attack on a vessel of a fleet would kill the
crew. at mpmungthe vessel out of
action;
There are other types 01- incendiary
bonito. large canisters, that contain flares
wired}, lmrsting on the way down from
from the aimlane.
msphomgraphslmwsaphmmhanh
my
Naval -mmmwmm
Z‘mijr nu. mmmmmoi the olélntauhay:
Wyt‘lnlfivm m
Mfrmamw
mama; 1:de
the sky, are SCEitE‘lT—d along :‘xr . rs- ..
able distanre. igniting evprt'r‘v
wind] the? z-flme r. (smart ‘a. ’ ' .1.-
Ctrs “ho devised .2125 daily bomb Jar -‘_
confidently that not a fire e‘.“w..'i"v'
fists Whirl‘r manic} toys *
The {2-59 with wt.- .ti. .2722:
stroyed ,
stated time and again a: 1:; r. . 2.
ins grounds at Aberdeen 4.
trpe of bnmb Wham errirvie» .~ >
the ground and se: _. ..
shut in all direrrtt, 8.5 2'2““;3: . --:*.
«its: line of snl’jzers
in t": .r timélvrrtcem at :‘
respens’nle .‘(r m :ztary 8":
red :3". armor-33‘ manage
lieve "A? did he urinal}? .
azrrraft {re frtm he mans. -74
an attack great 27.1.22:er (if r *
fly o‘er an arm?
‘Tlti‘; r
vnt Eerraft that *,
.72: 5‘71)“. ~
Emwvt- c .
bombs of Iris (".2 :y 1—. ‘9»:
sun. the poison «132.. L: ' ,
LEM
Th9 crxe. t3: ntar (€515 P‘“E(‘.l}"9 1.“ ",t
'nrgrnia lattes 13.1 summer cert}. 1.? 42;.»
the fortirentse wf : r1202 {mu :— ‘
raping-d from airplane. In these :m'
nine are true German Warsb: {>5 um»
(.readnousrht built shanty before the “$7,."
war started. Were sent in the batten. 2
the sea Within a. few minutes after the «i
tanks began. Had t. ships been in 2—.1
tier; with 1*22r mammrs :illed vat: an»
tier. it is unqnestieneri t.<.a weir destrm
1.1.2:: would ”M .9 been womapgeted sooner
The MBIZVt' rains of tip:
'4‘
alriréarx
the hattlesiy,- :5 * ".1 has; great»:
(K8 that wiEl . be drawer:
some time to come. “it bran: .2114: ;'
to go into detrals. «t z: «tiff: zen:
that the tests
the neatily
a fleet.
Aircraft is hem: "1.7.22;
iaumhmg cf l‘fl‘fiwjflé‘ 422.3»:
the fleets. The “:25 “2291 art: :2
experimczts To: a inn; tnzx «21“.? ".n
hmug them mueh as :r r
snrface r'mft. At: mrrxxarc
tie... to the water at; d .91.: so 1:: ' "'—
lt automatiralh continues in '
direction fired. The
vicmnnstra'ed ham
;. P. . :
x..a.aft€f 9:. hirlfdit .2.... .~
hi?“
East)
311-». T’I‘
K‘fi‘fln fh
m;
admit-race '~
airplane {3362‘s not have 2-: :e: r:
ship that is the irrzef. T‘ru ‘ 't-
let gt“: and the airplane 2:: uz.‘ “an. *
air.
Lark of {1.12652 and the m‘anr; -i ' ~~
relopmt‘nt, hay-ever. 372T? farm; ;:--2
l'nlted States lmm hnaldin: up .2": .
s‘ocii of such materiala 35th wt“ :r: in
:03] Warfare Wrrk is going mi ‘
Wood Arterial. Maryland. on .--.
next to the Aberdeen prmynv
The chemicals are ‘ steel there.
fFagmentaiion ur tracer; bombs.
:r-atie at various stations
There mar}? FEQ .“r. math gnu-4.
than! the sub 23mins m“? on?“ of
as a wanna. has the f
The rink-less magnum N?
when they sent to
zmssentrer vessels < rrv ; “1-1.“. .,
thiléren. as in the vase vi the Ltlsuv‘. »
set the world aghast
Everywhere the pebble condemned ‘ -
war-11,1921 as one that strikes from .l:.-r'
cover. as one that fears to ("0:139 inn. ' a
open to tight. It is an invitation .1: n
times. as in the case of Germany. :4
met and other merrbam
withont‘tbe wagon-tar! and well get; :3 .- >2
right of visit and search.
The very character of the submarmr
ther makes it impossible to take .3 ' ..
passengers and crew of snob a 554;» hr" ‘b
it is sunk. Often the-$8 pet's-oils. f
commander oi the submarine istewr. :2 A
fair, are set adrift on the high seas 1r. . ;.-
boats. to he picks: up by the next m'~‘ -
ship or to die. The horrors of this .12.:
ten- of warfareare fresh in the pgblit r.-
Four years ago the newspapers ww
of stories of submarines; those who 4 lm—viv
follow public opinion rannct feel no“ :- :-1
this feeling has abated.
Nam! experts are at work now on .. '
patio Which will direct itself. TUTPQ‘L A
M . ‘ are self stabilizing and self 5
veiled: But they travel in the dirertlor :n
which they' are aimed' . “first the PIprr‘.“
are wot-Hm on now is a torpedo wt:
when fired’ will heath-acted by the iron and
steel..worle on a skin so that the torpedo
its V.
m E's ..
the Gril,.~..1»e
lotion: of 19.: 22..
\tznv ~
' will begin“ to its: it it were a magnet.
lt—thim development. is perfected it mil
mvsnhmarines all, the more deadly.
Norwalk Chronicler