SATURDAY, SEPT. 4, 1915
~1 DESMOND y -‘
JUST” it BRIEF
INTRODUCTION
via ‘
.i ,
..
‘MlK’Elhe MESSENGER
1'
lWos‘ir GET "isluéH CHANCE
:ro mus-H Hit Tins semes—
Soi'l jHlNK I‘LL Do ALL:
My LAUGHiNG How l‘.
w?
.v
SAY Boss ”TR? mp
MAKE ME Loot; NICE—-
I THINK THERE‘s A
GIRL... LooKlN‘ AT
“DEAR 1 READERl— _
THEY SAY A'CAT. HAS NiNE
less BOT *MIKE THE
MESSENGER“ MuS‘l‘
HAVE MORE LIVES WAN
Look - PEOPLE Laok- PM (no
Flleaeo—Now l'LL HAVE‘
.T'GET A WiGGLE oN AND
GET T'WORK —150 Laws
FOLKS ' TiLL ro-Malzsowu
Aw—SAvi‘mRs’v UPAND
Fur ME,’"=FEET 0N -' i'
HAVE A LoT OF WORK
I Come/am 19/5," ”fir/Oflfll C‘s/tram new“ Par/9.
lNDNtDUAL
STOOL) iN
WOR 51’ EN
MATTER
ALL THE CATS
UNlTED STATES“ HE TIN
CANS Hls WAY lNTO MORE
TROUBLE THAN Alli/OTHER
AND HE ALWAYS MAK S
CONNECTIONS WITH TiE
YOU'LL ALWAYS SEE HtM TRYING-
To PLEASE SOMEBODY No
OUTCOME
‘3: ESMOND -
QM“ ‘ ‘1
Hi THE
my.
THAT EVER
SHOES — YES! —-
D 0F lT-BuT
WHAT THE ‘1
IS 3 on
YOUR S
wflLT—fl“
EKHWK! iflDNKJ
A U TO MOB I LE NOTES .
Motoring Department, The Sentinel-i mine which direction of turning shuts
I have a fourvcylinder 50»horse~| of! the supply of gas. You should use
power Rutenber motor in my auto.,as much air as possible and as little
Don't use the auto but very little.9 gasolene as possible. In other words,
When I'start it up i prime it and it! cut the supply of gasolene down to a
starts easily, but after I run it aipolnt where it will not back tire.
while I cannot start it on the batter-i Usually one adjustment is for low on-
ies. The‘batteries test up well, and: glne speed and the other for high en-
the machine will start readily Ol'gine speed.
magneto. The motor is so heavy, how-I
ever, it is hard to spin it. Can you tell'
me what can do t( ake t E .
) m he (‘0qu you tell me what makes the
car ,
start on the bat.teries?-—J. Hm
i v
'l‘he.troublo seems to be in the bat-5:31,;t 24:61: 1:91:11)“, 3:81;} tin: :3:
tery ignition system. If the battery‘ 0 s (o n. 0 car s uc
. ’ ‘
is well charged you will probably bel dcl, 1912' J' I" 0'
able to trace something wrong. in‘ Loose 60'1““qu in the steering
the coil or timer. if you are usingfirfiselanfo draibllinksAwfi’iucalliset the
dry batteries, would suggest that you’rl e at :a 08' u :- e “rm?
try ..sing a new set, or, better still.1 on a one to nnec on amounts 0
use a storage battery When dry cells considerable when ,totlilled. the in-
stand for a' while tl' y recuperate‘mama“)n at some new bolts and
sufficiently to start 1 he motor butgbushings together m”) some adjust-
. l, § '
immediately drop hick after a little‘1 ments will remedy this.
use to a point. 01' inefficiency. ‘ The‘
timer should also be cleaned, and if. Motoring Department. The Sentinel—
you are using vibrator coils see that: l have a“ Ford car that is going
the points are cleaned and adjusted. ‘ wrong as follows: The spark from the
[left-hand coil goes to the right side of
Motoring Department, The Sentinel—
Motoring Department, The Sentinel~ ‘ the coil box and jumps to a small:
I have n 1912 model ’1‘ Ford. The‘steel plate about an inch from the
engine has been overhauled, all bear-ibox. causing One Of the cylinders '10
ings tightened, and oversized pistons miss tire about one-half of the time.
put in, but still there is a peculiar; The box has been wet. Would that;
knock when running twenty miles an i cause it. and what is the remedy?
hour or better. 1 do not hear it golngi T. J. l.»
up hill or when the motor is laboringi It would be advisable to have the
The carbon has been removed and'coil box thoroughly dried out. Mois-
yalvcs ground. G. H. :ture in the coil box is bound to cause
It is hardly possible to locate the‘itronble. If this does not help, you
knock you describe without havingTIlad better have a competent elec-
thc car at hand. If the whole power 1 tricinn look over the coils for you.
"plant has been properly overhauled 3You will probably find, however. that
there is hardly any excuse for a noise. I a Wet coil box is the source of the
By sounding the motorv'ith a steth- trouble. .
escope you will .be able to locate up- ‘
.proviulately the source of tro‘fble-IMotoring Department, The Sentinel"—
whis is done by» sounding the ”“3““ In your recent issue A. C. asks abdut
"sorts of the motor when running. \ou ‘the’ noise in his differential. i am hov-
:may find that the knock comes {mulling the some trouble: However, I
.the transmission. If so this would; have triad the remedies that you Sug-
feound through the whole! power plant ; gest, having had new master M5
13nd. impress one asnbemgvn beefingipm in. Also ‘nll bearingsennmin‘ed.
{knock The fact that the motorchasfwwmd apnea?“ anyi'otiibr “fig“.
.been thoroughly overhauled should eh: tion you might make. The machin-
1’mmate the “1°C.“ in we mm" As ists hero rather, think that the loa-
gstated before, it is more satisfactory chine has either been sprung in the
:to sound out ”I? “3”“an parts in or":tranle or housing. Had the housing
"der to definitely loos-tegihe source. iex‘amined but: failed to" find anything
J. 0..
—— . trolls.
_.lfotorlng Department, TheSentlnel—n? If the axle ‘housihg 19 i." p e rféct
1. Please answer the followingques-E alignment and all bearingsplncludin‘g -1
Mm“: ‘thrust-bearings are in ' good condi-
. Whm‘ way ‘10 3°“ turn- the ““01 tion the trouble: must lie in the gears
Higgimngitgm Halley} car buretori, for ‘ themselves. Two gearsinmesh "1138*
,' ‘When I pull a hill on a low gell/Joe ‘ot the same pitch' otherwise they
0°" when I go pretty’fast bfi- fill“ gall? Igesmlto Eli‘sdbfzytlleggg; 115ml;
lithe water in the radiator bolls over ways so that the two ears will fié‘éh
find l'hdve to fill it right‘alongc ‘ It! I ~1 ~‘ ' 1 1 3 f"
jilever used to do that before, 8mm?Efvglzhidtgabizeghergglafiho :33
._ . _ . -_ an e 1 ,
..mld “k: to know tht cause: 11;“ genesis and forward. The .Dropér‘
'5’ ngzgzating may be caused by {Ooiypoint‘is‘jwhere the“ ,i' very 1.3518
'iimc‘ir'sirl’ao'nim the 'cYIl‘n‘dérs ' .fi‘,_,_128t_n1gtigoagt ’“P’T,-.‘."?.‘_‘}t. 95; .‘“‘.'.'.‘.‘.~Eg:‘
- p _ y , ‘ - . 1 iAiterxesl‘s of tilts/type hav’d-bébotiie
fictive hose consent. ”WFQ‘E-w’orn intoja‘hx‘ed surrounds; dil-
L dealt to make closer
, some
,finsploonilsl
basal . .
‘0 " film‘s 153341
, i
:gears of the same pitch and properly
iadjusted one should not have trouble.
iii0iit'l l0 llllun
munitions
KARUlZAWA, Japan,‘ Aug. 28.
(Correspondence of The Associated
Press.)~The several hundred Ameri-
can missionaries from Japan, Korea
and even from China who spend their
summer in the mountains of Karul-
zuwu, are eagerly discussing the new
education regulations ill Korea as a
result of which the teaching of re-
ligion is to be barred eventually from
the schools. ‘
In the opinion of Dr. J. B. Adams,
executive secretary of six large fed-
erated missions in Korea, the regula-
tions may lead to a complete suppres-
sion of all Christian schools in that
country. Dr. Adams explained that
the executive committee of these mlsA
alone has decided that as far as pos-
sible it would conform, at once to the
new ordinances. However, it had in1
formed the educational department of
Korea that the Christian schools in-
tended to avail themselves of the ten
years of grace allowed by the rcgulm
tions and to continue the leaching of
religion during that period. The mis-
ionary added:
“After that we see no way out of
;thc problem but an abandonment at
{our schools. This will be deplorable
li’rom the standpoint of
‘ H
[are not suil‘lcicnt to meet the de-
’mund."
: The new program, he continued, un-'
tloubtcdly aimed at the nationaliza-
jtion of Korean youth more primarily
ithnn at educational breadth. In oth-
ier words, the first” object, as Gover-
inor-Genernl Ternuchi himself said,
iwas to make good Japanese citizens
'oi.’ Koreans.
“But," continued Dr. Adams, "the
administration seems not entirely free
from: their obsession that the mission-
ary body is opposed? f'o'them, when, as
a matter bf fact, we consider that we
”are one of the most emcient coed-
juiors in theTfiends they are seeking.
They seek to build up a national
strength through material means; we
aim to build up the spiritual life,
which, we believe, is the strongest
motive available in securing the dis-
charge of a man’s entire moral obli-
gations. We teach that the morals of
nation." _
Other missionaries here have been
infbrined by Japanese authorities that
the tundamen‘tal policy of the Japan-
ese Empire is that with regard to re-
ligious'i'aith Elbe state shall not ~im-
pose its will. on its subjects in any
manner whatsoever._ It is merely in
pursuance of; that policy that the Gov-
ernmentGeneral decided that 'Korean
youths sli’ou‘ldbedeftdree to acquire
‘83 general education without any re-
lisioné teaching from general . educa-
tion. HoWever. the authorities have
allowed it, to.-be«understood that not
on in years ‘wheu education. in Korea
has made the progress that. it has
. 1min in Japan'some modification of
_ the present regulations may be all-
tnomed. 1 —. . , -
N1.
. In no.3 «new , _. I, fl.‘,,_.a
~ . , . .. . out Iji’ni nu
X'tlfiht: I can swim. ‘ ~-
' . mason-H 11mm. om. ref going
the people are the strength of the!
,the‘ locks at Pedro Miguel and Mira-
; 1 lszi'locolnqitissihad such perfect con:
liiidll’i Alli W0illi8
LONDON, Aug. 26. (Correspondence
of The Associated Press.)——Tbe fear
that hundreds of England's val...
art work will be forced on the market
as a result of wars economic pres-
purchnse by wealthy Americans,
expressed by the art critic of the
Daily Mail. '
"it is none'too soon," he urges, "to
look ahead to a condition that will
lnath of the war, which will imperil
our continued possession of many na-
tional treasums.
' “important works of art privately
owned. in which the people of the na-
tion may properly be said to have a
rcvcrsionnl‘y interest, will be thrown
on the market, and that will not be
the time when the rich ‘neuirai‘ will
The unprotwied state of important
works whic’h agitated the trustees of
the nation'til collections before the
war will thus become a more than
ever urgent matter.
romp lllllll
sure, and will be forever lost through
bl .
prevail in the art market as an after- .
refrain from.pressing his advantage. ‘
'less then. able seamen;
ilt is therefore manifestly clear that
jin the transpaclnc trafllc. all would
{Eur-open; the cost of constructing a
“it is now out of I'hc question that
l
interests are obviously ail‘ected.
“it has long been perceived
this country has become a
place only for great works of artrlfitd.
that‘
selling out of the country. This stnto‘
of affairs will continue, with engrave—i
tion from conditions arising out of thef
wul‘, irrespective of the importuncci
of the works allowed to depart, if the
people do not awaken to the fact that:
it is their own inheritance that is be-f;
,ing’v disposed of, and, as soon as great?
events permit. make it their psrticu:i
lur business to bring the Government1
to n sensc'of itsresponsiblllty to
wards them in this matterffl,
srl .. civics clauses.
l‘1‘-‘:11'noual.-ls.~-‘ 1
The discomfort and dangers of hot
weather are doubled if the liver is
sluggish and the bowels inactive. Fo~
ley Cathnrtic Tablets are prompt,
wholesome, effective in action 'with-
out gflping or pain. It you feel lazy
and languid, bloated or 'overfull, a
Ils‘tiley ‘Cathartic‘Tablet will help you.
Eltout persons welcome the light and
.tree feeling they bring. 1
Sold everfirhere.
ngUGGl
'BATTLESHIPS P'ABS THROUGH '
p . ' CANAL.
WASHINGTON. Sept. 4.—-Proof that
the entire present main American bat-
tleship nasty-made upiof .iour division-s
of five shipseaoh and a flagship, a
total of 21. coldd be passed through
the Panama ‘Canal in one day has been
afforded by .tlle_1handlins of tne’Naval
Academy practice squadron sin" the
canal locks on its way to and from the
Panama-Pacific Exposition-
~ ..The squadron, composed of the ban“
tleshlps lMissoul-i, Ohio and Wiscon;
sin, the largest warships Which have
so for used thecanal‘; were put: through
fibres, the Missouil-ibd‘flhio»: shims
tnneou‘sly in parral‘iel, wanting will-
consist directly in the rear. The to?!
ti'oloi’ meaning that it wall portion-
ed that, tou§::.vessels or even“ larger
size could be handled in the look: at
the Government could compete in thel
itself the agent where the country'si~
buying; ‘1’
jcrewa, with Oriental wages.
oun PUBLIC FORUM
R. P. SchWerin
On the Seaman’s Bill ‘
works a single hardship to entire ships of the world, exce
,snd American ships, and with the latter it works two bards ips. With the
The American plovnnen are interested in see com-
merce. It is expensive and likewise laminating to bus
to salute a toretn do. every times tanner wants to ship
nbushdofwhutnbeloofcottonornponndoffem
products across the ocean. The American farmer II on-
titled to the protection of his list in sendin: his products
across the eel. uld Controls should give such encourage-
ment to shipping interests a ll necessary to also: foreign
competition in noun commerce. :1 recent
33:2“: it? amp 3.: ‘" ““'....“‘°.....
1 on . . we vice-
Psdnc Mall Blanch! ‘m of m.
, , _ this law and outline
i 'rh bill vltlllnuthmd m M: perm
, “ 0 pro on at. no ship of any nationality 'shsll itted to
gdepsrt from any port of the United States unless she has urban"! a crew
lnot less than seventMlve per centnm of which, lunch department thereof,
31. able to understand any order given by the oilleers of such vessel, nor
vunless forty per casino: in the first year, forty-live par centum tn the second
,yesr, fifty per cesium in the third year, fifty-five per centum in the fourth
iyear after the passage of this Act, and. thereafter sixty-live per centum of her
gdeck crew, exclusive of licensed officers and apprentices, are of I. rating not
known as
ent’l
Comm. when mod to define
eflectupon American steamship
“The oversea trade of the world in competitive, therefore the orlctnsl
.cost of the ship and the operation or the ship have to be reckoned with in
ithe keen competition of these rival nations with one another. The Oriental
sailor is obedient and competent and is the cheapest sailor in the world.
if this law applied to all nationalities
be on, tbmssme economic basis. but it
the Japanese
ship is no higher than the cost of con-
:Itructing a Japanese ship, but if they had to provide European crews, while
1'tbe Japanese operated with Japanese crows, the condition of competition
lwould be such that they could not overcome the handicap and they would be
idriven off. But the American ship would have to contend not only with the
picture Drofli market. but there seems; ’tremendous increase of cost of wage in the substitution of the European crew
no reason Why it should not constituteI 'for the Chinese crew, but also the greater initial cost of the ship. As the
' "Japanese have now done away with their European officers and Japanese
:crews. all of whom speak a common language. there is no dimculty for them.
lite comply with all the conditions of the bill and continue their Japanese:
"The law, therefore, instead of assisting the American ship. adds another
lheavy burden. while it places none whatever upon the Japanese ship, but, on
the contrary, turns over to the Japanese the trailio 0% the Peeitlo Oceans
IUnlted States."
.Nonv'vm my. arm Boxes
No.
‘15 Cor. Main and Wall Sis.
21 Holden Ave. and Union Place
22 Spring Hill and Kellogg St.
24 Union Park
25 West Ave. and Berkley St.
27 Franklin Ave. and Lyrics Place
31 Gas House (Private Box)
32 West Ave. and Merivln St.
33 Harbor Ave. and Orchard St.
34 Chapel St. and Harbor Ave.
36 West Ave. near Armory
38 Elm Crest and Stevens St.
41 Cross St. and Wilton Ave.
42 Main pnd North Ave.
43 France St. ’
:2 Main and Catherine Sts.
a?! New Canaan Ave. Cor. Fair st.
M Chestnut near Summer St.
56 Main St. and Union Ave. »
62-011 the Green.
63 East and Lincoln Aves.
R4 East‘glve. and Daskam Lane
nowax'roN’ ms: ALARM noxna
No.
18 Highland Ave“ to N. Y...N. H. l
H. R. R.» 1
is Hickory‘Blult‘ and Bell Island.-
14 Pine Point and Roton Point
21 Long Island Sound to ucKinley
, - 8t.
‘22 Pennoyer St. to Cross St.
23 Cross St. to Railroad
24: Railroad to Brookside
8 "Cantrell: McKinley st. to Pennoy-
: _or (WestSide) T ' 5 ,
’lsiWhile Bridle? north to Backside
‘ltl Whit; Badges. E. to Long Island
un - ~ '
if- lteBrldge, B. W. to Long Island
Sound. , ‘~ , ‘ ’1
One evoke of bell at‘o‘dd times in~
dlcntes testing; two‘strokoa of bell.—
thus. 1-1 hrs is out; four strokes of
belé-thus 1-1-1-l..wnter to bk shut
off. A third or more alarm: indicates
res-found“. ‘ ‘ ‘
‘ "neoplasms ouum‘en cOLoe.
‘1 It isi‘wrong wéneglect a cold. sonny
tilne‘ because it. weakens the system
midday the sufferer openr'to attack
from «his diseases."Wet feet, sudden
changes in temperature and sleeping
uncovered. at night cause many child-
the same tln‘te,”1two in each of the
[to save you. 'I militarism—Chl-
. duplidste chambers.
l 'l
and Tar compound gives sure and
prompt relief. , . '
. Sold everywhere. -
- ; ‘- ‘1
o
ren's colds in summer. Foley's Honey
1 “d“cm‘mlthat selllns practically always means} which the American ship is forced to tor-ego by act 0: Congress of the
intone because the Government schools‘
EAST NORWALK FIRE ALARM
BOXEB.
4—E‘itch Schoot (private).
"lre headquarters, 36 Van Zant Street
Telephone 170
1 Private boxes will only be pulled
for tire on premises where located.
A. telephone message to Electric
Station (705) hetween.the hours of 6
p. m. and 8 a m., giving location of
est box. ..
. Second alarms .nre only to be giv-
en by the chief or acting chief upon
his arrival at the tire
6—Msmn School (private).
214—Van Zandt St. andOsborn Ave.
ins—East . and Rowan St.
. ‘217—Winlxzvid St.
zza—rortl and Charles sis.
224—~Esst Ave. and Fitch St.
225~SL John St. and Edits Ave.
332—Seaview Ave. and First St.
asp-Boulevardand Second St.
slip—Cove Ave, and Fifth St.
gill—Boulevard and Blackstone 8i.
- (Tel)
341—Keyser St. and Pine Hill Ave
(TeL) , , .
342~Keyser 8t. and Duck Pond rd.
(Tam
ads—almonnven. itTel.)
Special Sign-In. ‘
15-0110 blast at Oddtlmes. testing or
. line open. ,
l-rOne bla’lt it‘s p. in. standard time.
l-l—Two blasts, are out. ~
ll-ll—Twenty two, at 8 s. at, no
morning session of public
school. ,
ti-lI—Twmtwo, at 12:80 p. in. no
afternoon session of public,
,' ‘sehool. _ . '_ , '
illlullll—Ten blasts quickly cult
_ Thedilference bemoan a. weed and
1a wildflower is ingeniously defined
by the department of agriculture.
'vrhioh says: "A weed is a. wild plant
that has the “habit of . inn-nun:
where not wanted."——'New York Sun.
15:25,
tire, an alarm will. be given from near~ 1
zlhEast Washington and sort sun. ,
N. Y., N. ll. 8: H. R.
Timetable ' '
m EFFECT Auduer 9, 1m.” .
SOUTH NORWALK T0 new voltit.
A. M.——1:39x, max. 1
. ‘ m
6:57x, 7:18x, 7:40, 8:10x, 8:18x. 8:591.
9:23x, 9:40, 10:33x, 10:53:, 11:51.
3:29, 4:30x, 5:18x. 5:45, 03:02:, 5:41.
7:02x, 7:45x, 9:56x, 10:18x.
Sundays.
A. M.—-12:25x,
10:33x, 11:51.
P. 1‘M.—1:13x, 2:44, 3:12x, 1:803;
5:45, 6:02x, 7:02x, 7:12, 7:45; 7:67;,
8:0tlx, 9:55x, 10:18x, 10:40.
5:482, 8:54,
NEW YORK To SOUTH NORWALK.
A. M.—4:41x, 5:30, 6:30, 8:008,
8:51x, 9:15x, 10:30:. 10:06, 10:50x,
11:08.
P. M.—12:03x, 1:08, 2:041, 2:51,
5:29. 6:00x. 6:06, 7:15x, 8:10x, 9:39,
11:15x, 12:00x.
Sundays. 1
A, M.—6:00, 8:00;, 0:00,
10:50x.
P. M.——12:10, 1:03x, 3:39x, 5:021.
6:00x, 7:15x, 8:10x. 9:00;
10:00x, 11:15:. 12:00x.
W‘
10:93.
A. M.—12:23x, 1:13!, 6:05. 7:15.
9:15x, 10:08, 10:18x, 11:12:, 11:67:.
P. M.-—12:03, 1:20, 3:1“, 4:28, 5217;
6:16x, 6:47. 7:08x, 8:20; , 8:161,
11:29.”
. l. 1m»
——
Sundays.
. A. Mmtaflsx, 1:13x,1"620_5,? 7:15
P. M.-2:09x,' 3:12, 4246:, 6:3“.
48, 7:08x, 8:39x, 9:25x.
15x, 10:08, 10:18, 11:12x, 11:57:.
6:
9:
SOUTH NORWALK TO DANBURY.
A. M.—6:13, 8:27, 9:591.
P, M.——1:28, 4:38x, 5:24x,
7:14.
6:11,
Sundays.
A. M.—10:37_
P. M.-—2:15, 7:20.
A, M.—6:00,
10:03:, 11:50.
. 'P. M.——4:21, 6:49.
Sundays.
A. M.—7:50, 12:10.
P. M.—6:48, 7:18, 8:26:
x—«Sisnifies express.
SOUTH NORWALR FIRE ’
ALARM BOXES ‘
No. , 1
12 West st. opp. Franklin St... 3911932.
13 Concord Street, opp. School
14 Cor. Ann and Main Street! I
16 Cor. High St. and Bayvie'w An!
Hillel-walk Iron Works Building:
17 Cor. Cedar st. and West Ave.
18 High School. West Avenue _
21 Cor. Taylor Ave. and West 9b..
2: Cor. Benton st. and Ely Avon 2.
24 Cor. Chestnut and Henry Stil-
25 Cor. Monroe and Main Stet
20 Lexington Ave. and Austin on
27 West and Elm Grove St! -
"3 Cor. Washington and Main an.
31 South Main at. near Meadow
32‘ Electric Light Station
34 Cor. Clay and Spring Sin.
:5 Cor. Havllezld and Water-Btu. '
37 Lockwood Mfg. Co. ‘
t'cor. Day and Raymond Ste. :1 .‘
.fl Cor. Fair-field ‘Ave. and Colin Si.
42 Taylor Ave. and South St. "
43 Woodward Ave. and Meadowlb 1 1
45 Cor. Burritt‘and Quintard Ave. “
61 Reed so. and Putnam Ave.
1 Norwalk Hospital .
8 Music Hall . ‘ ‘
.46 Cor. Woodward and London L'Q
6 R a. G Corset 00.. Ann St. ‘ *'
ll Golden Hill and Elmwood Ave” ‘
52 Valium It. Brim .
54 Norwsllt Look Clo. ,
:-
6 Hoytjs Theatri
P. M.—-12:52x, 1:13x, 1:271, 3:03,
3:27x, 3:30;; 3:54. 4:26, 6:06x, 5:25,, 7‘
SOUTH NORWALK TO new HAVEIlV,
D‘ANBURY TO sourn NPRW’il-l‘m
7:23, szoox, 3:13, _.
Norwalk Chronicler