t
MESSAGE ilN
EiiilNilNi ANN
'EFFiiilENGY
Plllileli Tall llellllll till He-
iiill'i of Special commission.
commends Fillings anti
f - Urges (luminance.
...—-
Showa a Prospective Saving In Gov-
ernment Expenditures of Upward of
V $5,000,000, With Investigation Only
Begun-Wasto In Single Item of Die-
tributing Public Documents Amounts
to $250,000 Annually—Saving In
Order to Spend More Wisely.
Following are the recommendations
of the. president in relation to tile re-
port made to hlln by the commission
on economy and efilclency:
To the Senate and House of Repre-
sentatlves:
I submit for the information of the
congrasa this report of progress made
in the inquiry into the efficiency and
economy of the methods of transacb
lug public business.
Efficiency and economy in the gov-
ernment service have been demanded
with increasing insistence for a gen-
eration. lleal economy is the result of
efficient organization. By perfecting
the organization the same benefits may
be obtained at less expense. A reduc-
tion in the total of the annual apple
priatlons is not in itself a proof of
economy, since it is often accompanied
by a decrease in efllclcncy. The needs
01' the nation may demand ll large in-
crease of expenditure. yet to keep the
total appropriations within tho ex-
pected. revenue is necessary to the
maintenance of public credit.
Upon the president must rest a large
share of the responsibility for the de-
mands made upon tlle treasury for the
'current administration of the execu-
tiw branch of thc gOvernm'cnt. Upon
the congress must rest responsibility
for those grants of public funds which
are made for other purposes.
Reason For the Inquiry.
Recognizing my share of rosponaibll
ity for edit-lent. and economical admilr
istrntlou. l have endeavored during the
past two years. with the assistance of
heads of departments. to secure the
best results. As one of the means to
this end 1 requested a grant froth cou-
gross to make my efforts more effec-
tive.
An appropriation of 8100.000 was
made June 25. 1010, “to enable the
president to inquire into the methods
of transacting the pllblic business of
the executive departments and other
government establishments nlld to roc-
omnleud to congress such legislation
as may be necessary to carry rate ef-
fect changes found to be desirable that
cannot be accomplished by executive
action alone.” I have been given this
fund to enable ulo‘to take action and
to make specific recommendations with
respect to the details of transacting
the business of an organization whose
activities are almost as varied as those
of the entire business world. The on
stations of the government affect the
interest ~of every person living within
the jurisdiction of the United Stated.
. Its organization comrades stations and
centers of work located in cvely city
and in many local subdivisions of the
country. lts gross expenditures amount
to nearly. 51.000.000.000 annually. in
eluding the personnel of the lullltary
and naval establishments more than
400.000 persons are required to do the
work imposed by law upon the execui
tive branch of the government.
Magnitude of tho‘Task.
This vast organization has never
been studied in detail as one piece of
administrative mechanism. Never have
the foundations been laid for a
thorough consideration of that-elation
of all of its parts. No cemprehonsivo"
effort has been made to list its multi-
farious activities or to group them in
such a way as to present a clear pic.
lure of what the government is doing.
Never has a chronicle description been
given of the agencies through'whicll
these activities are performed. At no
time has the attempt been made to
study all of these activities and agen-
cies with a view to the assignment of
each activity to the- agency best fitted
. for its performance, to the avoidanco
‘ ' of duplication-of plant and work. to
‘ the integration of all administrative
agenda of the government, so fares
may, be practicable. into-a unified or-
ganization for the most efi‘ective and
economical dispatch .of public bulli-
ncss. .
11
First Complete Invastlaation.
Notwithstanding that voluminous re-
ports ale compiled annually and pre
sealed to the congress. no satisfactory
. statement has ever been published of
the financial transactions of the gov
ernment as a Whole. Provision is
made for duo accountability for all
moneys coming into the hand» of of
fit-era of the aol‘hrhmout. whether as
collectors of lelomle or disbursing
counts. and ‘ alluring that authorl
zplilllllt for ‘
law Hilllli
but no
or haemdovhuld
resenting inlet-ma
tlun recallllll': the ‘charm
' ll lite woman
. lag of notices than 625,000 a year. in,
,ter and which exist for the service of
the government as a whole-horsemen
which have. to do with such matters as
public printing. heating. lighting. the
making of repairs. the providing of
hanapomuon and the compilation of
statistics where mechanical equipment
is essential.
in which am greatest economy in ‘o’ ,.
lic expenditure is possible i 1
found in the camel-one
the government. in soul
establishment and the
of these locsl‘ofilce‘s re
inhuman“ libelous
amt law in such a mm
discounting: ‘
mtbe preside, .or
‘ timer. to monomer
chances in ccoaonl
q‘
mhm wmflm W
make possible too new» intent-
gent Judgment roflul‘dm the discretion
displayed in 0111ka expenditure and
concerning the value of the results ob~
famed when contrasted with the sacri-
fices required.
‘ 1 am convinced that results which
are really worth while cannot be be-
cured. or at least can be secured only
in. small part. through the prosecution
at; irregular intervals of special in-
quiries bearing on particqu services
or features of administration. The
benefits thus obtained must be but
temporary. The problem of good ad-
ministration ia not one that can be
ly present one.
Plan of the Work.
In accordance with my instructions
the commission on economy and elli-
ciencv, which 1 organized to aid the in
the inquiry. has directed its efforts
primarily to the formulation of con-
crete recommendations looking to the
betterment: of the fundamental condi-
tions must be carried on. With a basis
thus laid it has proceeded to the prose.
cation of detailed studies of individual
services and classes of work and of
particular practices and methods. [WHIP
lug those studies as for and covering
as many points and services as the re
sources and time at its disposal have
permitted.
lll approaching its task it has divid-
ed the work into five fields of inquiry
having to do respectively with organi-
zaliOn. personnel. business methods. ac‘
counting and reporting and the budget.
Organization.
1 have stated that the congress. the
president alld the administrative of-
ficers are attempting to discharge the
duties with .which they are intrustcd
without full information as to the
agencies through which the work of
lilo government is being performed.
To provide more complete information
on this point the commission has sub-
mitted to me a report on tile organi-
zation of the government as it existed
July 1. 1011. This report, which is
transmitted herewith. allows ill great
detail. by means of outlines. not only
the departments, commissions. bureaus
and otllccs through which the govern-
lncut perforate its varied activities.
but also the sections. shops. field sta-
tions. ctc., constituting the unholdlnate
divisions through which the work is
actually done. it shows for the serv-
ices at Washington each such final
ulllt as a laboratory. library. llhop and
administrative subdivision and for the
services outside of Washington with
station and point at which any actlv~
by of the government is carried on.
Specific Economies Demonstrated.
Willi this outline as a basis the com-
mission has entered upon the prepara-
tion of three series of reports.
The first series deals with the man-
ner in which the services of the gov
ernmcnt should be grouped in depart-
ments. ‘
The second and third series of re
ports deal. respectivelthlth' the or
gullihiilion and activities of particular
services and the form of organisation
for the performance of particular husl:
uess operations.
One of the reports of the second se-
rles is upon the revenue cutter service.
which mats the government over
$2.0ll0,ollli each year. ill the opinion of
the commission its varied activities
can be performed with equal or firt'fli‘
er advantage by other scrvlcca. The
commission therefore recommends that
it be abolished it is estimated that
by so doing-a saving of not less than
$100000 a your can be made.
Another report illustrating the sec-
ond series recommends that the light-
house llnd life saving services be ad-
ministered by a single bureau instead
of. as at present. by two bureaus locllt~
ed in dill‘erent departments. These
services have much in common. Geo
graphically they are similarly located:
administratively they have many of
the spare problems. it is estimated
that consolidatulon would result in a
saving of not less than 3100.000 an
nually.
In a third report the commission has
recommended the abolition of the re-
turas office of. the depurtvheat of the
interior. This action. in its opinion.
will cause no loss in service to the
public and will result in a direct saV'
addition to a large indirect economy"
in the reduction of work to be per?
totaled in the aeveral offices. ' ‘
In another report the commission has
recommended the consolidation of the
six auditing offices of the treasury and
the inclusion in the auditing system of
the seven naval officers who now audit
customs accounts at the principal ports.
'1‘ he changes recommended will improve
in many ways the auditing of public
accounts and will reflult in an Immedi-
ate saving of at least 8135.000 annually.
A third series of reports is being pre-
pared on those branches or the organ-
ization which are technical in charac-
Abolition of Local Dido“. .
Perhaps the part of“ the omnlxllt
awe were fiddled, n
solved at one time it is a couflnuoulb .
tlons under which governmental operar
taken place which have had the effect
of who billets not only
useless. but even worse than useless in
that their very existence needlessly
swells expenditures and complicates
the administrative ”Item.
The responsibility for the mint.-
uanco of these conditions must nat-
urally be thrilled between the .610»
gram and the executive. But that the
executive has performed his duty
when he has called the attention of
congress to the matter must also he
admitted. Realising my mpoualbillty
in the premises. l have directed the
commission to prepare a report setting
fonh thllpllaitlons in the local services
of the government which may be dis-
continued with advantage, the saving
which would result from such action
and the channels in law which are neo-
ossary to carry into effect changes in
organization found to be desirable.
olilcesas may be found useless and
can be abolished will be no treated by
executive order.
Personnel.
in my recent message to thee»-
gross l urged consideration of the net
cessity of placing in the classilied serv-
ice all of the local officers under the
departments of the treasury. the in
terlor, poslofllco and commerce and la»
bor.
As yet little if any attempt has been
made by law to secure. either for the
higher administrative losltlons in the
service at Washington or for local 'of
fleas. the qualifications which the ln
cumbents of these positions must have
if the business of the government is
to be conducted in the most elilclaul
and economical manner. Furthermore.
fleet-s lilo law positively provides that
the term of oflico aball be of four
years’ duration.
Extension of Merit System.
Tile next step which must be taken
is to require of heads of bureaus in
the departments at Washington and
of most of the local officers under the
departments qualifications of capacity
similar to those now required of cor
tain heads of bureaus and of local of-
ficers. The extension of the merit aya.
turn to lilo-lo officers and a needed re.
adjustment of salaries will have im-
portant eil'ects in securing greater
economy and efficiency.
In the first place. the possession by
the incumbents of these positions of
the requisite qualifications must. in to
self promote efficiency.
In the second place. the removal of
local officers from the realm of po-
litical patronage in many canes would
reduce the payroll of the field can
ices. At the present time the incumv
boats of many of these positions leave
the actual performance of many of
their duties to deputies and assistants.
The government often pays two per
sons for doing work that could easily
be done by one. What is the loss to
the government cannot be stated. but
that it is very large cannot be denied
when it is remembered how numerous
are the local officers in the postal. cns
toms. internal revenue. public lands
and other field services of the govern.
meat.
in the third place, so long as local
otheers are within the sphere of po
litical patronage it is difilcult to con»
alder the question of the calabllnhl
meat or discontinuance of local offices
apart from the child upon local no
lilical situations.
Finally the view that these various
offices are to be filled all a result of
political considerations has for its con
sequence the necealllty that the pros!
dent and members of congress devote
to matters of patronage time which
they should devote to questions of pol
icy and administration
Dangers of Fixed Term System.
The greatest economy and efilcieacy
and the benefits which may accrue
from the president's devoting his time
to the work which is most worth while
may be assured only by treating all
the distinctly administrative officers in
the department! at Washington and in
tho lleld in the same way as inferior
officers have been treated. The time
has come when all these officers should
be placed in the classified service. The
time has also come when those pro
visions of law which give to those utll
core a fixed term of years should be re
pooled. So long as a fixed term is pro
vided by law the question of mambo-
meat of an ofilcoc. no matter how olll
oieully he may have performed his du-
ties, will inevitably be raised period-
1cally.So long as appointments to
those others must be confirmed by the
senate and so long as appointments to
them must be made every four years
just so long will it be impossible to
provide a force of employees with ll
reasonably permanent tenure who are
qualified by reason of education and
Willing to do the best work.
Superannuation.
1 shall submit in the near future for
the consideration of the coaglm a
plan for the moment of aged em‘
Dioyoes in the civil ”who which will
“manual the internals.“ the govern
meat and at; tile on time make res-
«unable provision "
to ho ha given the best part or
service of the state.
have technical prov
studied it has been
0n the coming in of the report such .
in the case of many of the local of- '
. callous method lg to make the use of
m n
all papers before filing. someusopresa
copies. oilh‘ara retain only carbon cop-
Coat of Handling' and Filing Don-e.
abandon”.
The mom Ii .allmv not hall‘s
very wide range the methods of
doing thia comparatively simple part
of the convenient: business. but all as:
traordlnllry range in cost. For the
handling of incoming mail! the “all
use of cost by departments vary from ,
logs to $84.40 per 1.000. For the ban
this. of outgoing mail the averagu by
departments vary from $5.01 to $00.80
be! 1.000. This does not include the
coat of preparation. but is confined
merely to the physical side of the
work. The variation between inal-
vldual ofilces is many times greater
than that shown for averages by do
payments.
it has been found that differences of
average cost by departments closely
follow differences its method and that
the greatest coat is found in the do-
partment where. the method is most
involved Another foot is of interest~
via, that in the two departments above
referred to. which show the lowest
averages. orders have been issued
which will lead to large saving with
out impairing efficiency. it cannot be
said what the saving ultimately will be
when the attention of officers in all of
the departmentslhas been focused on
present methods with a view to clung
to; them in such manner as to reduce
cost to the lowest point compatible
with etllcieut service. it. however.
must be a cousidersblb percentage of
nearly $5...000000 the total estimated
cost of handling this part of the gov.
erument business at Washington.
Need For Labor Saving Office Devices.
The use of labor saving office devices
in the service has been made the aub-
Joct of special inquiry. All impression
unveils that tho govarnmant is not
making use of mechanical devices for
economlslag labor to. the some extent
as are ethnically managed private on»
tel-prises. A study has been made of
the extent to which devices of this
character are now being employed in
the several branches of the govern
meat and the opportunities that exist
for their more general use. in order
to secure information as to the various
kinds of labor saving devices that are
in existence and as to their adaptabil-
ity to government work. an exhibition
of labor saving ofilco appliances was
hold in Washington from July 0 to to.
1011. One hdndrod and ten manufac-
turers and dealers participated. and
' more than 10.000 odious and employees
visited the exhibition. There is no
doubt that the exhibition served the
purpose of bringing to the attention of
officers devices which can be employed
by them with advantage. The holding
of this exhibition was. however. but is
stop preparatory to the contemplated
investigation.
Unnecessary Coat of Dopy‘Work. ‘
The efforts of the commission result»
ed also in the adoption by several bu-
reaus or departments“ of ' improved
methods of doing copying. The amount
of copy work horetfolo done by hand
each year in the many 011ch is call-
matcd to surrogate scrotal hundred
thousand dollars. The commission ex-
hibited at its omens appliances um
were thought to be copwlully adapted
to this kind of government work. l-‘ol‘
lowing those demonstrations methods
of copying were introduced which have
brought phonon saving of over 70 per
cent in offices. where used for six
months. This change In one small cross
section of 011100 practice will 11101011130
Want the whole cost. of my inquiry.
Waste in Distribution of Public Doou‘
manta.
Going outside the office. one of the
business processes which has been in
castigated is the distribution of depart-
mental documents. This is a subject
with which both the mattress and ad
ministration heads are familiar. The
prevailing practice in handling depare
mental publications is to have them
manufactured at the government print-
ing office. Each lob when completed
is delivered to the department. Here
the books or pamphlets are wrapped
and addmssed. They are then sent to
the poatotflce. There they are assorted
and prepared for shipment through the
malls. From the postotllce they are
bent to the railroad station. which is
only a few steps from the government
printing otllce. whence they started.
The manila of this. laborious and cit;
the best mechanical equipment imprac-
ticable and to waste each year not loss
than a quarter of a million dollars of
government-funds in useless handling.
to say nothing of the indirect loss due
to lack of proper coordination.
Walt-fut Use of Properties and Equip-
MOM. "
The use of equipment lain matter.
which also has been investigated. Up
to the present than this investigation
has been in the main coullasd to the
eminent pays over $000,000 per year
for electric current. it has made large
capital outlays for wiring and fixtures.
With the looms-108‘ demands in many
buildtuas the present equipment is tax-'
ed to its limit. and 1f- the present moth-
ode are condoned much of this Mb
tag must bodollo over. in menu as
employees are working at a great
_ are WWW». covet-alum
valve and care of vehicles: telephone.
- Studies of thesenports and compari-
subjsc't of olectclc ”sitting The 8°". .
oauipmeat are contemplated which
who even lam malts.
.Unnaoosaari Coat of lnsuranoo.
not to insure public property against
lire M “be! m Question bua’
been aloha all the government
might not apply the same principle to
pillar fertile of risk. including insul-
es» of the are... of officials uneven:
places. A report is now in prepara-
tiou' on the subject which will show
opportunitiea for large savings. 1 be-
liavo that the present expense for in-
suring the faithful execution of con-
tracts. which. though paid by the cou-
tractor. lI aloha than reveled in the
added price to the government. can be
largely reduced without taking away
an! element of security.
The importance of establishing and
maintaining standard specifications is
found not only in the possibility of
very materially reducing the direct
cost of government trading. but also
In insuring to the service materials.
supplies and equipment which are but
tor adapted to its purposes. One of
cations is to impose contract condi-
tions which make it extra hazardous
for persons to "enter into contractual
relations. This not only deprives the
government of the advantage of broad
competition. but causes it to pay an
added margin in price to vendors. who
must carry the risk.
Excessive Cost of Travel.
The annual cost of travel to the goth
ornment was found to be about 312.-
000.000. It was also found that the
government employees were traveling
in practically every way that was
open to the public. it ,was further
found that. although the government
was the largest. user of ll'unllportatloa.
it was buying railroad tickets on a
loan favorable baslalhau would be
possible if the subject of traveling ax-
poudlturos were systematically bau-
dled from the point of view of the
government as a whole. The form of
ticket moat often used between such
[mints as New York Philadelphia and
Washington was the. single trip first
class ticket. in two departmeuta dell
alto tests have been made in the use
of mileage books.vunl1 ill cach prac-
tically the same result has been re-
porhqdmvls. an average saving of a lit-
tle over one-half of l cent per mile.
One of the results or byproducts of
this inquiry into travel expenses wall
the recommendation that the Jurut or
affidavit which is now required by or-
der of the comptroller be discontinued.
The Jul-st does not add to the value of
the return. involves muons traveling
in much annoyance and troublafn go-
ing before an officer competent to ad-
minister oaths. while every disciplina-
ry result is obtained through certifica-
tion under the law prescribing a pen-
alty for the falsification of account:
.A discontinuance of tile Jul-at in all
cases would result in a direct saving
of about 000.000 per annum.
Other Expenditures to Do lnvaatluaud.
floral-o economy in governmeomrud-
tag can be adequately covered such
subjects as the following must be sys-
tematically inquired into-4n: Sfliflilflv
euro and support of persona; subsist-
ence and cure for animals and the stor-
tolegrsph and commercial lnoosencer
cervical; printing. eagravlug. litho-
graphiug and binding: adv-onlslng and
the publication of notices; heat. light.
power and electricity purchased; re-
main by contract and open market or
der; building and other materials;
drafting. scientific and stationery sup-
plies; fuel: mechanics". engineering and
electricians‘ supplies; cleaning and
toilet auppiles; wearing apparel and
hand sowing supplies; forage and oth-
or supplies for animals: provisions; ex
plosives and pyrotechnic supplies; heat.
light. power and electrical equipment;
live stock; furniture and fumishiuhs:
educational and scientific equipment
(«h-om what has been already ascertain
ed concerning certain of these difier‘
out objects of government axxlenditarc
it is evident that large savings will re-
sult from such an exalulnution.
Reports at Present Required by Gan-
grass.
The commission has made a study of
the present requirement: of law relat-
ing to reports ablch are in whole or
in part financial in character from, the
various departments and establish
manta. Theatre more than ninety
acts of congresslvbic‘h. supuéllyre-
quire reports of this character. These
requirements of the law result in near
ly 200 tainted reports relating to finan-
cial matters. which must be submitted
annually to the congress by the vari-
ous departments and establishments.
sons of the classification of expendi-
tut-ea as set forth therein have been
made by the commission to the call
that. as far as practicable. uniformity
of classification of objects or ‘oxpeluli
tare may be recommended and ldentl
cal terminolosy adopted. ‘
in due time 1 shall transmit to the
congress such recommendations for
changes in the present laws relating to
those annual reports as appear to be
pertinent and: necessary. . . .
' Ne National laden.
The united States is thaoaly great
nation whose annulment: ts etiolated
without a ballast. This fact seem to
be more sis-thing when it is meld
‘ ill nil all that
091’“!le “lilac. , , "
the results of indefinitenoss of speclfi-v
the influence which a vigorous. then»
- 2"“ government and (I the people lll'
- which follow. a a clearly the part or
1M0. all least: equal to those nymph
‘ijoplaloa the spawn
flooded to 3200000.
which will be of
outdoors or the '
on a definite annual promo: of busi-
neastoballaancall. ltshouldbala
the nature of a prospectus both of
revenues and expenditures. it should
comprehend every relation of the gov-
erament to the people. whether with
reference to the raising of revenues or
the rendering of service
in many foreign countries the an-
nual budget program is discussed with
special reference to the revenue lobe
raised, the thought being that the nia-
ing of revenue boars more direct rela-
tion to welfare than does government
expenditure. Around questions of
source of revenue political parties
have been organised. and on such
questions voters in the United States
have taken sides since the first rev-
enue law was proposed.
i
Citlnns' interest In Expenditures.
In political controversy it has been
assumed generally that the individual
citizen has little interest in what the
government spends. In my opinion.
this has been a serious mistake. one
which is becoming more serious each
year. Now that population has be-
come more dense. that large cities
have developed. that people are re
quired to live in congested centers. that
the national resources frequently are
the subject of private ownership and
private control and that transportation
and other public service facilities are
held and operated by large corpora-
lions, what the government does with
nearly 81.000.000.000 ouch year is of as
much concern to the average citizen as
is the manner of obtaining this amount
of money for public use. In the pres-
ent inquiry special attention has been
given to the expenditure side.
We want economy and efficiency. We
want saving and saving for a purpose.
We want to save money to enable the
government to go into some of the
beneficial projects which we are de-
bsrred from taking up now because
we cannot increase our expenditures.
Projects affecting the public health.
new public works and other beneficial
activities of government can be fur-
thered it we are able to get a dollar of
value for every dollar of the govern.
ment’a money which we expand.
Continuance of the Commission.
1 ask the continuance of this com—
mission on economy and efficiency be»
cause of the excellent beginning which
has been made toward the reorganiza-
tion of the machinery of this govern-
ment on business principles. 1 ask it
because its work is entirely nonpar-
tisan to character and ought to apply
to ovéry clutch who wishes to give
effectiveness to popular government.
in which we feel a just pride. This
work further commends itself for the
reason that the cost of organization
and work has been carefully consider-
ed at every point. Three months
were taken in consideration of plans
before the inquiry was begun; at:
months were then spent in preliminary
investigations before the commission
was organized. Before March 8.1911.
when l suited for a continuation of
the original appropriation for the car-
It is a matter of public record that:
the three largest insurance companies
in New York when under legislative
investigation spent more than 8000.
000 for expert services to assist the
administration to put the business on
a modern basis. but the economics the
first year were more than tenfold the
cost. 1 am informed that New York,
Chicago. Boston. St. Louis. Cincinnati.
Milwaukee and other cities are prose-
cuting inquiries the cost of which is
largely disproportionate to the cost in-
curred by the federal government.
Furthermore. these inquiries have the
vigorous support and direct coopera-
tion of citizen agencies which alone
are spending not less than $200,000
Der anaum.
l sincerely hope that congress will
not in its anxiety to reduce expendi-
tures economize by cutting of! an ap-
propriatlon which is likely to otfer
greater opportunity for real economy in
his future than any other estimated
or.
As has been said. the changes which
have already been made are resulting
in economies greater than the cost of
the inquiry. Reports in my hands.
with recommendations, estimate ap-'
proximately “000.000 of possible an-
nual economies. Other subjects under
investigation indicate much larger re-
pults.’1‘heoe mpreoeat only a few at
the many services which should be sub
looted to a like painstaking Inquiry. it.
this is done it is beyond question that;
many millions of savings may be real~
1290. Over and above the economy and
Increased efficiency which may be said
to result from the work of the commis-
sion on such is an indirect result that
cannot well be measured. 1 refer to
ough'golng executive inquiry has on
each of the administrative units. .
in this relation it. may be said that
the upendlturo for the inquiry during
the pm: fiscal year is at the rate of
0180.000. The mass of information
which must be collected. digested and
summarized pertaining to each sub-
Ject of inquiry is enormous. From the
results obtained it is evident that ev-v
ery dollar which is spent in the prose- li-liw'rwent two. at s a. m. n ‘o‘ -
~ cation of the inquiry in the future will “4:18,.me 4g: Pugilfigo gill-m o in no:
result in manifold savings. Every
economy which has been or will he ell"
footed through changes in organlaatlon
‘or method will luule’to the benefit of
chaining»: measlllof ‘r'olulzh the yam»
wisdom to provide for the coming your
Weathermen. noodle
ription should be ill—1
padana in
rent your. only 312.000 had been spent. ‘3 “’00“
at the fire.
VIOLET unspoilt AWAiTD
MOTHER. .
new roman-r11 mVlolat M
ler. the runaway é'lllcaso sill. all say-
orly awaiting today the arrival of her
foster mother, Mrs. Herman Miller
The fifteen~year- a-ld "slavey" iiaI told;
so many conflictlna stories that Well .
lnteadent Walsh. of the Children!"
olety, is unable to learn dofiaiW.
whether anyone persuaded horle all
away or not. Walsh says he will use
action if the girl left home by panhlbi
plon. The Buehler glrl' says she
in love with Jack Clune, a waiter ‘
wants to marry him. “
When We Put Up Your
Prescriptions , ,
Satisfaction Follows '
Licensed Pharmacists always in at?
tendence. .
w. F.Wigm ore & co.
DRUGOlOTD
JAMES PARKER. Manager.
8 North Main 8t.. 8o. Norwalk
Hotel Mallaokelao '
.l. R. CONNQR. Mgr.
SERVICE AND CUNSINE UP TO DAT!
RATES ‘2 PER DAY AND UPWAHD
SUNDAY masses 75.-
Baaquets a Specialty
TEL. CALL '8!
ammonia
SOUTH NORWALK FIRI: ALARM"
Works. Telep one for fire slam
batting and Raymond Sta.
f—Norwalk Hoe f
“8111mm and City Hotels.
il~xWost st.
11—Northl Main and Ann Sis.
1’l"———Vl eat Ave. and Cedar St.
23~xEly Ave. and Lows 81..
M—chington Ave; an
”.8
111—fo) 0Electric chorsltts... State Bl.
Sl—xbock
word Ave. and hi
Sta-Golden Hill at. andl dElnmoogi Alto.
Sl—Nonvallt Lock Co. private.
her of anv box can be sounded
Ono strokmee' alt odd tiniés.
calla department. 1-1
i tilled f r test.
' 0 district also rad .
BOXEI
No
8—xWashingtorl and North auto em.
B—xR G Cornet Factory. private.
——Musio Hall.
Franklin School.
la—xConool-d 51. ..
15— ~Hl§h St and Bay/view pave.
ib—ngh School. West Ave.
2i~Cheatnut and lion to.
Sta.
21—West and Elm Grove Sta.
fluxSprlng andCl
Lockwood
11~Fairfield Ave
ts—Jzurrltt and Quintard Aims. and
bit—Washington St.
nou- dutch-faring boxol.
(M) infideli-
Ono stroke“ at 13 noon a «1.1{
in: or.
line open.
ff'l‘hlrcel slaw strokes. water to be shill. '.
lro alarms for on
Fire Alarm Head uartora If menu!
Mabackomo Hotel.
s—lloyt' a Theet l'o.
{iv—C rose St
Concord
Schoo
Ill—xlN lN'orwnllt iron Works.
21~West St. and Taylor Am
5—- South Main
1 ‘ and and Austin at.
.lll—vslmth0 Main 8L. between Grove ail
u—xflavliand and Wager 81:.
T1 A “as that.“
3—— a or ve. on
4 y ” endow
id—Woodward and Lowndes Aves.
53—b‘relght yard and nitride St. .. private.
box. from which the nuns.
standard tlm
Two strokes after an alarm. fire 011%. Boo ,,
-——1
WM 12: 05 p m.. each Weznrlsday‘, a but
celved by telephone, 4.
NORWALK FIRE ALARMS, .
15~Comcr of Main and Wall Streets
2l~Bcldcn Avenue and Union Place
iii—vs wring Hill and Kellogg Street. ,
ilk-l hion Park.
254v est Avenue and Berkeley Street. .
27~quklin Avenue and Lyhea Place .
ilk-43113 house. (Private box)
hiww'ost Avenue and Morwln Street
all—Harbor Avenue and Orchard Sires
sl—(‘hapel Street and Harbor Avon
llfi—«West Avenue. near the armory.
lib-Stevens Street and Elm Crest.
llernss Street and Wilton oven
iflwhlaln Street and North Avon
lib—France Street.
Sl—Grahd Street. and Tlndall Ian
M—«Mhin and Catherine S -.-
till—New Canaan Road and
alw—(‘hostnut Street. near 3
55~Main Street and Union A
lib-On The Green.
Gib—East Avenue and Lincoln Apostle.
ilk-East Avenue and Daskum Laue
easr mamas: was: Imam?
Fire 'h'esdqusrth‘rs. iii ”an :ZA‘I “at.
1 l 'Qelenhone. 1'20
l—aach
5—001er hsfic‘mlol (private
12 2—East Washington and new.
Zia—Van Zaudt St and. Osborn A
ills—East Ave. and 119th
217- lnfiold St
233—- art and Charles Sta.
334*Fiaat Ave. and Fitch St
. 225—51..J¢lm St. and none .a've.
ass—Sesview Avie and lrst 8t.
ass—Boulevard and Second St.
Ilse—Cove Am. and Fifi th St.
337~Boulcvald and Blackstone 8t.
allmxoyser st. and Pine Hill Ave.
84 lz-Keyaer 8t. and Duck Pond xds.
Sig-231110;; Haven. (Tot) Electric
on one message 0
.705) between the More of 0 a.
a. mu. ving location of fire.
will be you of nearest box.
Private boxes will maybe banal!
fire on premises where located.
Séoond alarms are on
obs .
the chief or acting chlofyupun hi9“
clal 8] null
1——oone blast or odd limit-s. testing or lino
l—One blast at a n. ma “standard tho
5le we blast a. bore
moon session of public school.
1.in on blasts muck
re department.
1111111.
‘ ‘ cull
Oil-Ill».
new h "
laws ...-rascal."
Island Sound to Melanie at.
85“. “ “It...
$1
Norwalk Chronicler