u
“bottom urine the last lira-rem in requires the high avuonceutrs _ to or,
mine to keep our: colonel b "practicable: it ill notnesosserysto and. orthodontics.
nevertheless. the countdown as unallocated the many-substances one mmtwmmouovu affliction lily
. we hate had to shun-off lilorsuil ly ftrlodlsnd found sentinel Suffice it teams had thus been carom-«but an.
5 micron from June in WWW?” ‘ no say that Dr. Moore found that con other remained. not so prevalent. but
Naturally the public became indig- per sulphate, familiarly known as blue for more dangerous and dreaded, The
hunt and much element for their vitriol. possessed exactly the virtues water may “gush from the tap with
» health. and a treat hue and cry to rais- «he required. ’l‘ests shoWed that a sparkling purity and delicious softness
, adiabatic, the ball management of their very little of this substance will des- of taste and yet he saturated with in.
01MB“: whereas. as a matter of fact. troy ull‘ algae breakfasts in a small sidlons ullsoroaooplo germs dealing lllrr
tho'onglnoers are not to blame. The tank in a few hours and ‘absoiutely ease and death lll‘Ofldlllisl‘. somebody
small is caused Dl’ vuletahle matter prevent. their recurrence; it dissolves living in the watershod‘willch foods
in the water mine). which enters in so easily and ihm-oughly ill water that the reservoir has typhoi i'cver. l-lo
some inexplicable way and thrives in every bit of the copper which does the contaminates the spring on his farm:
ouisscdnt water. Hundreds of water- poisoning is freed to not immediately. the spring carries the germs down the
supply systems in the United States Thi. compound proved, in fact, such a stream and time the city reservoir:
a and many. lnore of them coll r
‘ that thiain' a day.
man would have to drink two gal»
'lon . or fifty table‘glassea. of water
treated to kill typhoid or cholera
gorilla. in order to take into his sys-
tem tWo liundrodths of a grain of cop-
per. which all admit every one could
take daily without the slightest harm.
’l‘hia supposes that the person drinks
the water the thl‘l’ minute after the
copper is applied. if he waited an ‘
hour more than this. for the copper
disappears very rapidly. and In a few
days has entirely vanished. 'i‘o gouan
ordinary physician's does. he would
have to drink perhaps fifty gallons of
dmvonor. in ills
‘ relief? run 9'
I ll us
tl'
.s
‘w
u
it"
my
have been rendered unlit for use by soon millions of colonies of typhoid A COM ls always the ”sun or d expos-
. flirt H. Grosvenor, in Century
Mansion).
M1”!!! to have at last dis-
‘ froffectlve weapon against
Asiatic cholera, and sim-
. scourge: which invade
and digestive organs
water. it is yet too
colors positively that we shall
ts.thoso dread diseases. but
bod reason to believe that
able to drive them out of
"sins and camps and pris-
yer (men are living
1,.togother. The weapon
,_ I steel or iron. but copper, the
covalent form being the com-
oonlpound of copper and sulphur
albino vurol, copper sulphate.
willhilolfllaboratory contains some
i» blue crystals of copper sul-
EVO school boy for genera
lilo illlblllod with these blue cry-
l'~ baawstched his teacher use
01‘ ordinary classroom experi-
‘ ‘ d yet who would have im-
5 a' pinch of these crystals
in file, watervtnnk in the at-
' ‘voistern or well. would
y 7; id germs that plight be
film; that its use would in-
, , hodltbbpl drinking-water in a
'ill'iiiwdoll military camp; that it would
of! 'rininate malaria and yellow-fever
b. ingrmosqultos in stagnant pools
it own, a by destroying the vegeta.
bldlfioi'gan Unison which the mosqui-
rvaé feed: that it would. in a few
make the water of an evil-smell-
: and foul-looking city reservoir,
containing billions of asthma of water.
clean and sweet; and that the amount
of copper that accomplishes all this
is sol’sloali'that while it kills the bac-
ter ._in the water it does not make
be , rinlrlnnverter poisonloue or injur-
ious to the human system?
, Itch” been known for a long time
that copper destroys bacteria, but the
metal has not been much used here-
More for the purpose, because scien-
tista'ltasegenerally believed that the
dose required to kill the bacteria must
be very concentrated~so concentrated,
in fact that it would poison the wet-
er. 6r.” George T. Moore has now
announced, with the authority of the
United States government behind him.
that he has discovered how to get the
good effect of copper without any dan-
gerous result; that he has a way of
using copper so diluted that it can-
not hurt a baby. and yet so active
that. it will destroy virulent cholera
and typhoid bacilli in four or five
hours.
Few announcements in recent years
, . have been more important and will
,, bring greater health and happiness to
‘i mankind. At least half the popula-
‘ tion of'civilised countries depends on
stoned water. The suffering and dis-
: case that are inevitable when our city
water-supplies become contaminated
are only too well known. We remem-
ber all too vivldy the horrors of the
Ithaoa'iandl~Butler epidemics of typhoid
, A remedy against the repetition of
such ghastly experiences will be one
of the greatest blessings science can
bestow.
Dr. Moore was graduated at. Her-
vard in 1896. For several years past
he has been a member of the brilliant
scientific corps of the Department of
Agriculture. being the director of the
, Laboratory of Plant Physiology in the
oflloe of the chief pathologist and phy-
siologist. Bureau of Plant Industry.
He is the same man who perfected a
means of inoculating sterile ground
ind, making it bring forth fruit in
abundono‘e.
_ Qho of the most difilcult problems
; with which our cities and towns have
1' to contend is how to keep the water
_ " in thosnservolrs pure and sweet. With
, diameter in a new reservoir there is.
of course, little trouble, but when the
. reservoir. becomes several years old,
rule bottle begins. However vigilant
and careful the water-engineer may
have been to keep out all impurities.
«the water begins to smell. and soon
stink-“tend tastes horribly. The nor-
a“ refuse it in the watering troughs;
ills people not. only cannot drink it.
It 'mnot even wash. in it. The
In?! varies with the season and lo-
cal y. Ila may be of the dried-fish,
filo-ll ”rotten-eggs. cucumber, gera-
nium. r crushed-violet variety. There
.is not a section at the United States
which does not. at some time of the
”It. have trouble with its.water. At
, M titty odor has boss‘sobad that
flip authorities have dragged the bot.-
toiil , dead body. or they have been
to shut off the water for
, Ittatimo. 1 quote the fol-
‘ ‘scoounts at random. from am-
, » hundreds of complaints sent
vi rtment of Agriculture by
machusetts: “The odor
bad that it would be almost imv
mm it so far as the mouth
‘ it; Horses refused it at the
. .w boring-troughs. and dogs fled
.Yorlt: "Strong. fish or:
, , also odor of smut-tweed.
,, complaint was dead dab in
7% its. Very rsnlr. Water
lied. particularly when warm
; lad blowout not injurious.
- _ horthonfastod or memo."
sw Jersey: "Have soon
sorsbuuduit that an odor"
- lmtcd onothird of
r v
_ _ his
more the ion or
sides. town as «lined
Mulligan ,,. “a.
. .fl .
”loudness”; ‘
"we?"
Wit”
rid of the algae.
authorities have spent thousands of
‘out from the surface.
.d ffmobsabstsnoes on. when.
merchants.
this cause alone.
‘ The Department of Agriculture and
State and municipal authorities have
tried many different expedients to get
Sometimes the
dollars building a roof over the reser-
voir, as the signs will not grow in the
dark; but in the case of very large ree-
ervoirs the enormous cost prohibits
a roof. , They have pumped air into
the reservoir; they have tried to filter
out the algae, to take them out by
skimming, to precipitate them with
alum; or they have emptied the reser-
voir. cleaned it. and per. in a cement
bottom—all to no avail. Ono city
employed a man to spend ills whole
time skimming the reservoir. but the
fishy sell grew worse all the time.
One city in New England asked per-
mission of its State legislature to abun-
don ils $2,750,000 reservoir and to
build another costing about 34.000.000.
in an attempt to keep out. algae. An
other spent millions of dollars in the
removal of earth and the substitution
of gravel at the bottom of an immense
new reservoir.
These facts will give the render
some idea of the great nuisance. dis-
comfort, and expense caused by signs
ill waiter-supply systems in the United
Slates. European cities have similar
experiences. Recently Dr. Moore dc-
termined to attack the problem from
a new standpoint,—~from n physiologl~
cni aspect—and to try to discover a
substance which. because of its ox-
treme toxic effect. upon the algat‘.
would absolutely prevent their growth
in the reservoirs.
. What Are Algae?
Probably few people know what al-
gae are. They must not be confused
with the eelgrass. plckcrcbweod, wat-
er-plantains, etc, which are common-
ly found in nescrvoirs and are most. apt
to attract attention. Unlike algae.
these plants have a definite stem, with
roots and leaves. and usually produce
flowers. Then there is the duck-
meut, or Lcmna. often seen floating on
the surface. Bill these are not algae,
and are not responsible for the bad
odors and taste of water,
Algae are fiowcrlesa plants, or cryp-
togams. Though almost invariably
found in water.or in very damp places,
they have been little studied, because
they have no economic value, but it is
among these aquatic forms that botan-
ists locate the ancestors of the entire
vegetable kingdom. Here we find the
largest. plants known in nature, at
least so far as length is concerned. a
Pacific coast form being nnqucstionn-
bly from seven hundred to eight hunv
dred feet in length, while others have
been reported from twelve hundred to
fifteen hundred feet long. The algal-
also include the largest. singlccciied
plants at present recognized, some of
the tubular forms often extending for
several feet. without a distinct cross-
wall, while others (those of lsodinmo
tric shape) are as large as a golf-ball.
Familiar salt-water agile fire the
brown inepis and wrecks so common
along the northern coast. us well as
the smaller. more dclicatb rod forms
which have been so popular in the
adornment of Christmas cards, calcu-
dars. etc.
There are hundreds of species of
fresh-water algae, but only about, a
dozen varieties which give trouble in
our watensupply reservoirs. The thick,
spongy layer that gathers on stagnant
pools and is popularly called frog-
spawn or pond-scum is one kind of al-
gae, but as a rule, the signs which
cause the bad taste and smell of water
supply systems are the minute and al.
most invisible forms of which perhaps
the best known are the. blue-green al‘
gee. Though the individual plants
are invisible to the naked eye. there
are so many thousands of them in each
cubic centimeter of water in a pollut-
ed reservoir (as many as 50,000 to the
cubic centimeter have been counted)
that the water has a greenish, slimy
look and gives everything a disagreea-
ble green stain. Each tiny organism
secretes a bit of sharp and pencirut.
big oil; when this oil is liberated by
the death and decay of the cell, or the
breaking of the oil-sacks, the stench
begins. The belief color of the at
gee is blue-green. but it may be olive,
yellow, and brown, chocolate or purp-
lish red. Algae are of very simple
structure and of many designs, vary-
ing from a wheel to a glass marble
or a necklace. Someof the designs
are beautiful when magnified three
hundred or five hundred times.
Flor instance, a Uroglena colony, the
most common and troublesome form
of slgse'found in New England and in
the North Atlantic States, when mag.
nliied, looks like a colorless glass mar.
big with s lot of smal. greenish dots
scattered over it. Each green dot is
an individual cell; each has a pair of
whiskers of unequal length sticking
Those white
from are constantly lashing about. and
thus keep the ball revolving and swim.
tiling through the water. if the water
is absolutely quiet. the Uroglons cot-
onios are not offensive; but all soon as
the water becomes disturbed by pump-
ing or by being drawn off. the tiny
sacs of oil are "broken and the foul
smell begins, ,
The rapidity with which the algae
multiply under favorable conditions is
marvelous. Most of form consist of
ht'lllltlo cell. and mold ly by merely
dividin into two cells. 1 baths parent.
Dr. core obtained is linens oral-
fl. from all parts'tlf‘t eoollntry and
n'.llis laboratory tried she. meets“?
I
aim was to discover a substance that
willing and facile distributor of the
copper, as weak solutions as 1 part
copper to 10.000.000 or 50.000.000 parts.
of water being powerful enough to kill
most of the algae forms. that Dr.
Moore thought it might be used to re-
fine the farmers of Virginia and other
Southern States who were complain.
lug that their beds of water-cross were
being smothered by species of algae.
The cross sells in winter for from bill
to 820 a barrel. and formerly had been
a profitable crop. By dissolving entail
quantitlcs of the copper sulphate uln-
ong the crossbedsri part copper to
50,000,000 parts watcr.——he poisoned
the algae weeds and brought about
their complete disappearance. But the
cross was unharmed. 13y one of the
mysterious conditions of nature, the‘
copper, spreading through the water.
stacked and destroyed one vegetable
organism, the algae, but. was powerless
to affect. llnoillcr vegetable organism,
the cross.
At this time there came to Chief Pa-
thologist Wood's notice the trouble of
a sniall town in Kentucky. At much
expense, several years before, the town
had built an elaborate water-supply
system. but it bud continual difficulty
with the sulfur. Dr, Moore visited the
reservoir and found the water packed
with llllillllli‘llil orgunimns. ill-'lliilliy as
7,000 filaments to the cubic centimeter.
A colony "r unubaeuu “m9" enlarged can be cxlcrniinuicd in four or five
several “WNW“ illnes “’“k ”k” a hours at room tonipm'ulllrc. which is
"mum"! “f “"“m green 5‘0"“ wiill‘abm" thc icil’ipcrulurv of .‘I rt-sorvoii‘
larger ,vcllow stones Bill. in at intervals. in summer, by using a 501mm,. ”1- |
The \Vlllt‘l‘ smelled like a pig-pen. and ‘ mm of mm)“. m 100.000 "um, 01. will-
“13‘9‘1 ‘0 mulch. and “'1‘“ ”f u slimy. or. The solution is lusts-loss. color-
greenish color. The reservoir was not, .935, and harmless, lint ”m, was ”m
*1 “Ill!" 0'1“» “mg ”l about 25."0ll.UW conclusive. in lost tables and tanks wu
gallons capacity. 1““ “m" was wont make our own conditions; WI' have.
*3“ for ”‘9 first "35‘- ‘” the algae was definite and known collatione which
so dense. he decided to gm: the rslh- we are not apt to input in if large ros-
or strong (1089 0' l to 40°04’00- “” orvoir holding millions of gallons,
experiment was mild? in .luiy. 1903‘ it was therefore with considerable
The only apparatus required was uncertainty Ihat llr. Moore attempted
some coarse sacks and a rowbonl. , in answer .0 the appeal of a city in .1...
About 200 pounds of thc‘billc vitriol | Middle West “,th water had bucolllt‘
were placed “1 ”‘9 “Mk“ ,und hung infected with typhoid, to slerilise its
front the stern of thc boat. Then the i‘cscrvoir with the (‘llllllt’r suiphntc.
boat was rowed up and down. back- but the “039.4 mm copper to 100.00”
ward and forward across the reservoir lllll'ic' \vntcrwprovcd an elective as
for several hours. covering every purl ' in his tanks and 0}“...de mi threaten-
of tile surface in order that the cop- cd epidemic. Though ”Sign-nonlin-
par should be evenly distributed. The. mm, mm m the germs. the amount
crystals were soon dissolved. and the ' of copper “3...; was so little that when
llfll‘ll' returned '0 the “hm“- 1"" dissolved ill the reservoir it was col»
Moore know that the small amount. of crises and (mum not be disrvrucd by
copper "39“ W“ 90 lhOl'Ollilllll‘ distrib- the most sensitive taster. Ollll‘l‘ largo
tiled that it could not make the water reservoirs have been cleared of w.
dallgcroua to drink; but would it llt’!ph“ld Kenna in u... same way, so that
strong enough ‘0 iiustroy ”19 film” we can asscrl positively that llcrcnftrr
enrolling plantsi lho water? AL firstlpmm... “ring in towns and cities can
the smell grow worse, but its was not 1..., protected from me scoursr of db»
pnl‘iiculal'ly alarmed, as he find expert. i caspynnd...“ wntcr by u... ('(lppfif‘
ed that tho columoliou mode in tho irpnlnlpnf. The (goal of the treatment
“'flit‘l‘ WOllld break “ll "Hilly 0' ”Mills ridiculously smuli, ranging from fli-
liuy oil-sacs and liberate the oil. Al [y (‘enlg to lump dollars our million
the cod of twenty-four hours the groan-l gnlimfl, Usually ll much. weaker dose
lull color began to disappear: at tho than i to lllll.iltlll is odor-live.
9"“ 0‘ forty-eight hours ”"3 ”W“ “I“ The public must not make the luff:-
entirely gout! “ll“ ”‘1' surface “Minute of iillllkinlng that the i'flillll'l'
clear, but the wafer find a light-brown treatment for destroying diwusp “up.
lingo due to the dead organisms held mm in “unapnmmly systems is .1...
in suspension. M ”l" “n“ "f ”‘9 sinned to replace or superrmlo slow-
third day the water was clear, sweet sand and other (illicit-lit menus of ill
and completely “”9“ ”f ”1“ disugrco traiion uow employed. it is intended
nhle smell and “’5'“ Tom“ showed in alloplclnoni these methods. ll‘iltrav
that there was not an annbnonu loft. tion is usually “m“..m,’ but “mm.
To make sure that the copper had not ”mm. cannot be 113...}, The mottled is
poisoned the water, Dr. Moore lestud m mums“... that [up vast majority of
it a few hours after the dose was ap- town; are obliged in do Without it.
"”9“ and found "0 "3“" 0t ”‘0 c01)“Agnin.lbcrcarr mnnv limos when the
DP? remaining. polluted wntor of a reservoir ultist be
it cost 312.com ptlrifythercservoir, purified at once. A“ opidcmlc is at
the only item of cxponsc being the hand, and there 1.. 1... Hill“ for slow
“I“? vitriol. which WW about “‘3 filtration. Then it is that llr. Moore's
or seven cents a pound. The town. diggovory helps its. liy his method.
which hllil been spending thousands of: in u haw hours w.- vim thoroughly
dollars ouch your lncifcctuully, has had ’ sterilize ll... wnlcr yhsfiu‘nylng (ivory
"0 “"th "WWW dangerous gorlu in ii. and the proocss
After this successful cxpcrimcni Dr. lg so cheap inul every small town can
Moore attacked larger reservoirs. with nflfird to adopt it. ilcroloforo no sni-
cqual success. in the fall of liltlll no, igmclury and yet barium-as illl‘illilil
sterilized a bum“ 0' 600.000.0W M'- has been known that would be i-fi‘t-c-
Ions in Massachusetts, formerly a part .m. in ii... course of u very few hours
(if the water-aural)! ”Slit-Ill of Boston. and tho cost for Wllli'll was within the
At that time the wafer ctmtuinod 10,- roach of ovory community. Boiling
000 organisms ‘0 ”10 “INC (‘Ollillllt‘ll‘h ‘ the water will, of course. niwuvu lli'
After the treatment he could not dis- the mori thorough insults of killing
cover a single organism. This year bacteria, but not (me fondly ill 0"“
only from 30 to 00 to the ccutimctor hundred will take this trouble.
worefound. and it very slight dose has Aftcr we have 0...... “Hum,“ a (y.
killed fileso. The largest l'eserVoiro ill photo-infected l'ug‘ll‘\‘u‘r' puw can “'0
the world can be treated in the name ”my...“ the mm..- from 1.91"“ mumps]
WM“ When n W” “mm 3“"00“ has by more germs coming down the
l" he covered. if '3 "9“" l" "3“ “‘5‘“ stream whence the first value? is lhc
oral boots, or perhaps a small launch. natural question of u... reader at in“.
ill order that every part of the reser- point. We might WW“. 0.". .10.... W.
volr may be overtly treated. 'l‘hc ery few hour”, or. better yet, we might
treatment costs from 50 to 60 could suspend largo “mull... of copper at the
per million gallons. .iuly ls the best intake of rm. l-uuurvolr. Tho toxic
month to kill algae: tho urglmisms “(up)“ M u... mppor spools would be
("‘0 then. 80 ll) IUPflk. l'lllliii rolnxcli. ”innlg Q‘IIOHKh l0 lll'iWfiIll any ”V3 ly.
“3 they “M“ "0‘ W" formed in?" photo germs from getting in. of
spores and hardened themselves for course the “we”, would have to be
the “NW A“ “1806 are not Willa”)! kept clean; any slimy coating on their
sensitive in the solution. so that the surface would interfere with the toxic
strength (if the (1038 VM'IGE Wllll ”lid “elk,“ of [he “10“”, ‘
different species. This leads up to a "lost interesting
or course some people will object to problem. the possibility of safely sici‘»
this method of purifying their drink- llising water by keeping it in~copper
ing water. They do not like copper vessels. Dr. Moore has found that
in their drinking-water. and they do water. after standing from six to eight
not. like to think of the dead algae re- hours at room toluperaturo in a clean
nlsining in it. i wonder if these objec-
tors know that one can of peas con-
tains more copper than 330 gallons
of water that have been sterilised by
tile l to 1.000.000 solution. the strong-
est dose ever trend to get rid of algae.
As a matter of fact, the copper goes
out of solution very quickly. Part of construction of canteens and other two
it is absorbed by the If e: «part of it tor-vessels from copper might serve Iii
unites with the carbons e or hydrate an additional safeguard if not an acts.
in the water, also forming an insoiu- al preventive of this disease. and would
his precipitate. Sometimes it is ad- , prove of considerable value where dis-
vissble. when the water id in constant dilution or efficient filtration appara-
use and people are neopnonidly tim- tail is not at hand. .
ld.'or if there is an executive amountl flow much copper a man can take
of organic acid In the water. to add into his system without injury is a
limo to help precipitate toe co per: disputed question. Home physicians.
this precaution is. however. rare y no- uotahlebr. Robert. have concluded aft
emery. as almost all water is able for elaborate and carotid experiments
to absorb instantly the minute amount that a men of were“ weight can con-
bacllll are thriving 9.13pr in the poser.
volr. waiting to be forwarded in the
water-pipes to every faintly in the
town. Such thus been the origin of
nearly all great urban epidemics of ty.
phoili. ‘, ,
The sensitiveness of-tne little algae
organisms to the faintest trace of cop.
per had been so repeatoly demonstrate
all that it. occurred to Dr. Moore that
possibly the same treatment might
destroy disease buclcrlu~typhoid,
obolcrumin our city wutolusupplics.
All bacteria are vegetable organisms.
They are closely related to algae. lint
are much more minute and simpler
than the algae which cause offense in
reservoirs.
A magnified typhoid bacillus looks
like. a colorless little rod with u lot
of hairs sticking out all over it. The
hairs not as this anti propel it about.
A typhoid bacillus in twenty-four
hours will multiply into millions of
bacilli. it can exist for months in a
cake of‘ ice, and then when lilo loo
melts becomes active and dangerous
again. '
The genus were subjectcd to cop-
llt‘l'd-llllpllilli} solutions of carrying con-
ct-mtralimls. under varying tempora-
turcs and for varying lcnglbs of limo.
Tests made ill Lilfil-lllllus and in large
tanks proved that. the most virulent
colonies of typhoid and ('llilll'l'il gorilla
even though it may have contained
cholera and tyboid germs. it remains
to be seen whether the application of
these to conditions in the tropics.
where cholera is abundant. will he of
any value. it would seem that the
wwld son tinnitus. and yet that
benefits water and that
be cheap. Free clitoris and out.
i . ,
char dioxin at dilutions of 1 to 1.000 by combining with invention banners
or or film
, forms of si-
lsn‘ hire vary in.
of life. .lllycrls ex-
“tl‘” ”£293
om soil-ital:
doll . my
,m0
of copper in ..e dose. Those who do some 1 grant copper daily without
not like, the idea of the dead sine re iniuriouvne t. Others have said half
mining in the reservoir should cos- a gram daily. This decals to Dr.
elder that/most of the desert-{anions Moors much too high an estimate.
sad to be on the safe side he has its-
mind. in his. experiments that- a
‘ n can isle into his aye
i» , two bundr the
i
' insoluble . and, mini Lie ville wbottoni.
where they are as. harmless sit the
sands ultimo—“HM“; or'tlley so it ,
medulla?” chillies...” ‘lm‘t'dumIt
‘ o I “
the use Minolta“. ,
i .. .4 .1
cry
daily. This , callable
copper vessel. becomes safe to drink,
water treated for typhoid or cholera
germ . A Japanese. who is the great»
est water-drinker of the world, drinks
about one gallon of water a day. but
this is much more than the average
Woeferner drinks.
Copper is con'lnioniy believed a vidv
ulenl poison. and there is a (leap-
rooted popular prejudice against using.
it in any way by which it could get
into our lnuiica;.aml yet how many
people, i wonder, knew that their food
contains ooiisldcrnblo quantities of tho
lili'lill? 'l'hey may be shocked to learn
that canned goods. which are so popli-
inr, and fish, meal. vegetables, fruits.
contain many linws inure, cupped than
ll gallon of water treated for iyhoid
gorilla: that even a loaf of bread or a
cake of chocolate contains more cop-
per than a gallon of water so fronted.
illll who ever hours of children balm.y
poisoned by copper in the bread or
Chocolate?
(inc ol' the lnost common means by
which typhoid fever is sin'cud. typhoid-
ladcn Inilk, can be almost entirely prc-
vculed by using copper sulphate. Milk
is usually iufcclcli by lli‘lllK kept in
puns or ginseng which have boon
\vnshcd in lllll‘i'lt'il \vull-r. or by.bcing
illllllt‘ll with lnfcclcd wnicr, if the wu-
lcr uscd for tiles.» purposes is first
sterilized by (tilillllll‘ sulpliuic. llltll'i,‘
is very little probability of the milk
being rollillnlilmlcd. But while we can
probably prevent typhoid litit‘ll‘l‘lll from
getting into milk, \vt- ('iiililili hupc tn
tlcslroy lift! bacteria by tho mlppcr
solution if tlwv onco got in. Tim :ll-
lllllllllltllls lliullc" and the. fat in the
milk nrovclll t‘lc iroo solution of tho
copper and letters its tnxlll'. A vvl‘y
strong (1089. of coppcr. to 300 Dr 500,
must, be "and to kill tvl.uid gorilla in
milk, and so much copper makes the
milk unpalatable.
Since the anuouuccmcul by the lie-
parlmcut of Agriculture of the copper
cure iunm' curious cases from the
past have come to light. funding to
confirm this discovery. A physician
in lntliannpolls has told how, when the.
lust cholera cuidcmic invaded flint
city many years ago. the, uuihoritics
unexpectedly quenched it by using
blue vilrnl. All the disinfectants.
which they believed effective lied been
exhausted in fighting the cholera. and
they were at their wife” mid what it)
do. Some one suggested flint lhcy
might try the piles of copper sulphate
on the dumping‘ground.
To appease the cluroms of the pub-
lic by appearing to do something, llioy
sci-tori upon lilP waslt heaps llnd wash.
Oil the sll‘ccl. houses. and uvcryllllng,
with solutions of llu- t-oppcr. 'lhc di~
scusc disappeared iucxplichbiy. find
they find been unuhit‘ to giro ll soils.
f'liciory t-xnlllnslion until now. 'i‘hc
chairman of the Slum lloard of Health
of Massachusetts has recalled the filt‘l
that during the leaf visitation oi'
i‘llilll‘ril in Massachusetts fill the cm-
[llilyi's of the iicvr-ro Cooper Works
scouted iiuluruc. Friends and ruin-
tlvcu were ctllmlullliv falling but not
it single employee of the roppcr works
to” sick Living in and breathing at
copper atmosphere, appeared to render
the workmen iuvulucrnblo to the out
doiuic in fact, coppcrsluilhs gout-ml»
ly believed lllcmeclves immune from
disease. A (loin-gin physician has as-
serted illiil appendicitis and other di-
m. arc, in reality. gérm diseases, and
that they have become so prevalent
of into lll‘i‘llllSu of the [leasing away of
the old-limp cooper fluent-lilo. This
last. events a little furfotchnd. lion-over.
A ll‘llVNPl‘ from ('hluu rcpurls that he
has always wondered till now why
certain Chinese villages are not invent
away by the cholera cpldcmlcs; he
now knows llini lllcy are saved by filt-
copper vessels in which lilo villagers
hoop thclr drinking-wulrr and with
which nothing can lllukl‘ them part.
lie had often tried to purchase some
of llll‘fil‘ copper Vessels, but no prirc
would iudncc u villager to sell his.
Tin.- Chlnanlnn had a superstition that
his prosperity and life depended on
his keeping the pot.
The Health board of New York has
reported its experiments to ascertain
how currency spreads disease. Mic.
i-oscoplc cxmuillalitin of coins and pa-
per abowud that almost every silver
and gold coin and paper blii carries
froiil hand to hand swarms of genus.
bllt not a single disease germ was
found on illl\' i.‘(l|llli'l‘ coin. The frm»
dent of the copper coins from germs
sol-mud so remarkable. particularly
since we should caller-t them to be the
dirtiest. as they are opt to pass
through the dirtiest hands. that the
board smeared diphtheria cultures or»
or some of the copper cents and watch-
ctl the effeoi. in a few hours ...c
germs were dead. proving that the con
percents possessed some Inherent
quality which made them shed germs
us ducks shed water Cases have also
been reported of typhoid patients. who
have. been cured when all also failed
by rectal injections of copper Holli-
t on.
inexperienced persons are warned
not to use the copper treatment. Like
medicin. it is beneficial when properly
used, but if applied by some one who
does not know the exact conditions of
the water’, l..o result may be dissa-
lroue. A microscopic analysis is ab
ways necessary in order to learn the
number and cunracler of the organ-
isms in the water. and whether the
water Is hard or soft, etc., so that the
dose may be calculated to meet the
necessities of the case.
l
mfifm‘l‘r'm “also”??? ‘
Thermpsrtment of Agriculture glad-
ly furnishes proper authorities with in»
formation and assistance. under its
direction the copper treatment has
been used in about fifty different plan.
as throughout the country. in each
case with invariable success. Among
the cities that have already profited by
the discovery are Elmira and Cam.
bridge, New. York: Butte. Montana:
Baltimore. Maryland: slid Winchester
insanity.
pmv co, ‘ raiser ll! mm of
mam’fim. om , silo m
scenes which our fathers um‘or board
are to low temperatures.
tion of the nasal and
commonly called a cold.
predisposes the individua
its quick cure need not
This fact has been fully
sulted in pneumonia whc
ous discase-—-pncumonia
ful drug. It is pleasant
Price. 25c; La
mentioned, realizing life tempest that
known that copper hill-l lwcu used to
purify the vvnlcr, “i'd rather lukr my
chances with lyplitlid‘finft-cicli watt-r
than with lbw \vlltcr purified by pill-
rry. This prcscul widespread dread
of coppcr is due to the conviction lilill
”it! With! il‘lli‘t‘ of copper poisons lllt‘
hllmlul system. And yt-t our grandfa-
tbcrs uscd copper dishes and coppcr
kettles. luni lhcy not only spin-(tr not
in how lit-cu poisoned by such use
but to limp burn morc free from in-
testinal troubles llllui arc the pvt-soul
alliteration. We have iallcu out of tho
bubil of using copper vl-ssvis largely
bcrilusc repaint-l \vurc has ('tlillt’ into
lb..- market and is a.) much cheaper.
llui all this is not in thr- point. for flu!
Nipper put into the wafer to (li‘Sll‘i))’
the signs or to kill the typhoid germs
disappoin- long before the water
l't‘fll'lltlh' tho mouths of the pcopic.
in the Olll‘llt‘l‘ part of this article I
(lutliod from some of the complaints
snot in llli‘ lit-plirtlliuiii of Agriculturc
by cities having trouble with which
Antony. thosc who have tried the new
discovery, the \vntcr-vngiucor of flaili-
iuoro reported in August last on the
treatment of purl of the water-supply
or that city as follows:
i am chill to say that thc rcsull has
bccn an unqualified Hillft't'sr‘». As l‘m‘nny
dciclvriolis cfl'cl-l from tho our of tho
sulphate. the city chemist roporlcd lo
lilo that an analysis of 500 cubic coli-
iimotcra of the water one hnndrcll and
twenty hours after lrenlllicui h’llllWl‘ll
no truce of copper. .. close observa-
tion was made by u itcl-pcr. nl till- lube
and so far he observcd up in today.
llovcu days llllt-ll‘ treatment, the only
fish kilivd by ”11' suiphltlr- liuvr- bot-u
:. anlnli catfish, :5 small ulnilcls, and
l suiull carp. .
The superintendent of im- Witivr
(‘onlpuny of Butte Montana. which
for nearly ten yours lied bouilobligctl
every years to cut. out of serviccits
largest rcecrvllir from .nlno to fleecin-
bur, wrote in July of this your:
'i‘ht- trouble from vouclablo organ-
isms in our rckurvuir'e (lilies blink to
lslltl. and we have gum.- in enormous
.xpcnao trying to eradicate the evil.
You run well imagine we fer-l very
grateful to the department for doing
in two weeks, at an expense of loss
iiitlll 8200. what we have been trying
to do for the [lust fourteen years at it
cost of many tblnlsnnds of dollars. ()u
t-lundoy. .luly 24. 1004. the water in
the reservoir being absolutely part:
for the first time in the month of July.
it was turned on to the city stains.
The copper practically disappeared
from the water after ichty-lour hours
and no traces were found after forty-
olght hours.
The Department of Agriculture has
in its service many than who. like Dr.
Moore. are striving to solve problems
which will contribute to the welfare
and happiness of mankind. Beyond a
meager salary and the gratitude of
the people, they rocelvo nothing in re
turn for their discoveries made in the
public laboratories. at the public ex-
pense. '
“anus—w
THI ORIGINAL.
r‘-F‘i . , " -, m“ 1 ‘c"bltm
rest. however-As the. ”painting’s“ all?"
Foley l: on. Chicago. originated
Honey and Tai- as a throat and lung
remedy, and on noount of the great
merit and popularity of Foley's Hone
ey and 'l‘sr many imitations are offer-
ed for the llllfllfle. All: for ii'oicy‘s
Honey and or controls“ snysabstl.
lute offered as-lio' or mutton
will re the defile as 1‘ tion. it is,
' ' » , so, or-
al? dllsn and
the surface, when not balanced by proper re-
action, produces the congestion and inflamma-
as seen as the first indication of the cold appears
and all dangerous results will be avoided.
not only cures a cold quickly but counteracts
any tendency ofa cold to result in pneumonia.
dcmics of. Colds and grip of the past few years.
No case of either of these diseases having rc-
lias ever been reported to the manufacturers or
come to their notice, which shows conclusively
that it is not only the best and quickest cure for
a cold, but a certain preventive of that danger—
Thcrc is no danger in giving this~rcmcdy to
children as it contains no opium or other harm-
would arise among the people were it ‘
ling mppl-r into it." in the common.
lit
The rapid cooling of
bronchial membranes,
As the slightest cold
1 to attacks of the most
severe and dangerous character, the necessity for
be emphasized. Take
hamberlain’s
ou'g’h Remedy
If
provcn during the epi—
n this remedy was used,
9
to take.
rge Size. 50c.
MEN MUST GO TO NtW YORK.
., Springfield Runners on Boston and AI-
bany Railroad Expresses.
Notlm was served on the traiumcn
ot‘ illl‘ Hartford division. of the (‘on-
soildntod railroad, Saturday, that be-
glnnlug with today. all crows off
through iloslon and Albany express
iliillltl from Springfield to New fork
will hereafter be required to lunkc the
run with the train in Now York, rc-
turning on ll lulcr through train ovcr
lllt‘ same route. '
Hitherto those crows buvc changed
of New Haven and the crews have
lionc lm-ul work in New Haven suction
until the return of their regular irnius.
l'ndm' the now (‘il'dcr of things they
will mulw an additional run of HS
miles to and from New York, nit-cling
llwlr regular trains. This will increase
I‘lli‘ll‘ mill-ago and licnre their salaries.
But if is rcrogulzmi that the additional
work will it‘ll on them. find they will
be conlpt-llcd it) work full flVe days per
week.
THE COLONEL'S WATERLOO.
(Toioucl John M, Fuller, of lioney
(lrove. 'l‘cxus. ncurly met his Walrrioo.
from Liver and Kidney trouble. in it
recent, letter, ho says: “i was nearly
dead, of tllcsc complaints. and. al-
though i tried my family doctor, he
did mo no good; so i got a 501‘ but-
tle of your great Eieclrlc Bitters,
which 'curcd me. i colislder tlwm
the host medicine on earth, and thank
(ind who gave ,\0u lhc kimwiodul- to
illliki‘ them." Sold. and guaranteed
to wore, Dyspepsia. Biiiousness and
khan-v Dii-ieuile. by F. ii. llitxtcr, drug-
gi» , w». hot- a bottle. ”
TO LICEN E VETERINARiANS.
About thirty vctrrfuury surgeons and
horse owners upponrml llcfol'i- ibi- judi-
ciary coulinitteo in Hartford on Wed-
uosdlty in favor of pollster Luke's bill
providing for u stoic board of vrlrriu-
ury rvgislrutiou illiil cxumiuutiou Any
person practicing without. a license
from this board \vollid bt' subject to
pi-‘lllllly, but pm'sonn now ill practice
ucml not take on participation. lull luust
pay a 3': license for. Licenses to
others will .4; granted only after phat-l-
lng l'killlllllilllml. Agent ’l‘bruii. of the
liulunln- soclcfy. spoke of the good ser-
vice given him cheerfully by the voter-
luurluns generally. Some who are
practicing however. are not properly
educated as his experience had shown.
Dr. bylnun urged that its practlouertl
in all other lines of medicine had been
recognised it is proper that the state
should officially recognize veterinar-
ians, who have studied their profession
and are skilled, There are ”1.000.000
worth of animals on the farms of (ion-
Mittlt‘lit. to say nothing of the value of
animals in the cities and they should
have for the public benefit intelligent
and skilled core. .
TONIO TO THE WI‘f'IM.
For livertroub es and constipation
there is nothing otter than DeWitt's
wile llinrly Risers. the famous littio
Pills. They do not weaken the storm
sch. Their action upon the system
is mild. pleasant sad harmless. bob
Moore. of “Fayette. ind.. says: "No
use talkin , DoWilt‘s rbittiu Early
Risers do t sir work. i others pills
l have and [ripe and she me sick
in the stomach and a
DoWitl’s Mill. Ml . proved
' v‘ “.9.
m _
allusion it
.' as also, am
Norwalk Chronicler