\v w WK I.V -. NORWAIIKE 'l 'l "7 “5“"
."._ . I . '-
I. u:
President Asks Power to En-
force Peace on the Island.
MAINE Lilli—lo CONGRESS.
The Full Text of the President’s Message
{to Congress Reciteo the Efforts Made by
the United States for Years Past Look-
ing to the Amelloration of Conditions
in Cuba,and Their Inefi'ectual Results.
It Is an Appalling Record That]: Pre-
sented Against Spain, and One “‘hich
Clearly Proves That the President’s
Recommendation for Armed Intel-vent
tion is Both Humane and Just.
2
The President in his message asks
Congress to .authorize and. empower
him to take measures to secure a full
and final termination of hostilities be-
tween the Government of Spain and the
people of Cuba, and to secure the es—
tablishment of a stable Gové‘rnment
capable of maintaining order and ob-
serving its international obligations,
insuring peace and firanquility and the
security of its citizens, as well as our
own, and to use the military and naval
forces of the United- States as may be
necessary for' these purposes.
After recommending that the distri-
bution of supplies be continued, the
President closes. ”The issue is now
with Congress. It is a solemn respon-
sibility. I have exhausted every effort
to relieve the intolerable condition of
affairs which is at our doors. I am
prepared to execute every obligation
imposed on me by the Constitution and
the law. I await your action."
The President acknowledges the re-
ceipt of information of the proclama-
tiOn of a suspension of hostilities on
the part of Spain, and says: “If this
measure attains a succesful result then
our aspirations as a Christian peace
loving people will be realized. If it
fails it will be only another justification
of our contemplated action.”
The full text is as follows:
To the Congress of the United States:
Obedient to that precept of the Con-
stitution which commands the Presi-
dent to give from time to time to the
Congress information of the state of
the Union, and to recommend to their
consideration such measures as he
shall judge necessary and expedient, it
becomes my duty now to address your
body with regard to the grave crisis
that has arisen in the relations of the
United States to Spain by reason of the
warfare that now for more than three
years has raged in the neighboring isl-
and of Cuba.
I do so because of the intimate con-
dition of the Cuban question with the
state of our own Union, and the grave
relation the course which it is now in—
cumbent upon the nation to adopt must
needs bear to the traditional policy of.
our Government, if it is toaccord with
the precepts laid down by the found-
ers of the Republic and religiously ob-
served by succeeding administrations
to the present day.
Our people have beheld at once a
prosperous community reduced to com-
parative want, its lucrative commerce
virtually paralyzed, its exceptional
productiveness diminished, its fields
laid waste, its mills in ruins, and its
peOple perishing by tens of thousands
from hunger and destitution. Vile have
found ourselves constrained to the ob-
servance of that strict neutrality which
' our laws enjoin and which the
law of nations command to police
our own waters and watch our own
seaports in prevention of any unlawful
act in aid of the Cubans. Our trade
suffered, the capital invested by our
citizens in Cuba has been largely lost,
and the temper and forbearance of our
people have been so sorely tried as to
beget a perilous unrest among our own
citizens, which has inevitably found its
expression from time to time in the
Legislature, so that issues wholly ex-
ternal to our own body politic engross
attention.
All this must needs awaken and has,
indeed, aroused the utmost concern on
the part of this Government, as well
during my predecessor’s term as in my
own.
In April, 1896, the evils from which
our country suffered through the
Cuban war became so onerous that my
predecessor made an effort to bring
about a peace through the mediation
of this Government, in any wav that
might tend to anilionorable adjustmenl
of, the contest between Spain and he!
revolted colony,‘on the basis of some
effective scheme of self-government
for Cuba under the flag and sover-
eignty of Spain. It failed, through the
refusal of the Spanish Governmenl
then in power to consider any. form 0)
mediation or, indeed, any plan of set-
tlement which did not begin with the
actual submission of the insurgents it
the mother country, and then only or.
such terms as Spain herself might see
fit to grant.
The war continued unabated. The
resistance of the insurgents was in nc
wise diminished.
The efforts of Spain were increased
both by the dispatch of fresh levies to
_Cuba and by the addition to the hon
row of the strife of a new and inhu
man phase happily unprecedented
in the modern history of civilized peo-
ples. The policy of devastation and
concentration, ‘ inaugurated by the
Captain General’s bando of October 21
1896, in the province of Pinar del Rio
was thence extended to embrace all
of the island.
The present revolution is the succes
sor of other similar insurrections whicl
have occurred in Cuba against the do
minion of Spain, extending over a pe
riod of nearly half a" century, each 01
which, during its progress, has subject
ed the United States to great effort ano
expense in enforcing its neutrality
laws, caused enormous losses to Amer
ican trade and commerce, caused irri
tatlon, annoyance and disturbance te
our citizens and the exercise of cruel
barbarous and uncivillzed practices on
warfare, shocked the sensibilities anc.
offended the humane sympathies of Olll
people. Since“ the present revolutioz
began in February, 1895, this country
has seen the fertile domain at on]
threshold destroyed by fire and swore
)
on N no
in the course 0 a struggle unequaled
in the history the island.
The assassination of the Prime Min-
ister, Canovas, led. to a. change of gov- l
enument inSpain. The former admin- '
istration, pledged to subjugation with-
out concession, gave place to that of 'a
more liberal party, committed long in ‘
advance to a policy of refoaim involv- -
ing the wider principle ofjhome rule ;
for Cuba and Puerto Rico. The over- =
tures of the Government, made
through its new envoy, General Wood-
ford, and looking to an immediate and .
effective amelioration of the condition
of the island, although not accepted. '
By the time the present Administra- »
tion took office, a year ago, reconcen-
tration, so-called, had been made effec-.
tive over the better part of the four
central and western , provinces, Santa
Clara, Matanzas, Havana and Pinar
del Bio. The agricultural population,
to the estimated number of 300,000 or
more, was herded within the towns and
their immediate vicinage deprived of
the means 'of support rendered desti-
tute of shelter, -eft poorly clad, and
exposed to the most unsanitary condio
tions. As the scarcity of food increased'
with the devastation of the depopulat-
ed areas of production, destitution and
want became misery and starvation.
Month by month the death rate in-
creased .in an alarming ratio.
By March, 13:17, according to conserv-
tive estimates from oflicial Spanish
sources, the mortality among the re-
concentrados, from starvation and the
diseases thereto incident, exceeded 50
per cent. of their total number. No
practical relief was accorded to the
destitute. The overburdened towns, al-
ready suffering from the general
dearth,, could give no aid. So-called
“zones of cultivation,” established
within the immediate area of effective
military control, about the cities and
fortified camps, proved illusory as a
remedy for the suffering. The unfor-
tunates, being for the most part wom- '
en and children, with aged and help-
less men, enfeebled by disease and hun-
ger, could not have tilled the soil with- ‘
out tools, seed or shelter, for their own
support and for the supply of the cit-
ies. Reconcentration, adopted avowed-i
ly as a war measure, in order to cut off
the resources of the insurgents, worked
its predestined results.
' As I said in. my message of last De— '
cember, it was not civilized warfare, it
was extermination. The only peace it
could beget was that of the wilderness
and the grave. Meanwhile, the mili-
tary situation in the island had under-
gone a noticeable change. The extra-
ordinary activity that characterized the
second year of the war, when the in-
surgents invaded even the hitherto un-
harmed fields of Pinar del Rio, and
carried havoc and destruction up to
the walls of the city of Havana itself,
had relapsed into a dogged struggle in
the central and eastern provinces. The
Spanish arms regained a measure of
control in Pinar del Rio and parts of
Havana, but, under the existing con-
ditions of the rural country, without
immediate improvement of their pro-I
ductive situation. 1
Even thus partially restricted, the
revolutionists held their own, and their
conquest and submission put forward
by Spain as the essential and sole basis
of peace seemed as far distant as at
the outset.
By the joint resolution approved
May 4, 1897, prompted the humane
extension of a similar scheme of aid to
the great body of sufferers. A sug—
gestion to this end was acquiesced in
by the Spanish authorities. On the
24th of December last, I caused to be
issued an appeal to the American peo-
ple inviting contributions in money or
in kind for the succor of the starving
sufferers in Cuba, following this on
the 6th of January by a. similar public
announcement of the formation of a
central Cuban relief committee, with
headquarters in New York City, com-
posed of three members representing
the American National Red Cross and
the religious and business elements of .
the community. '
The efforts of the committee have
been untiring and have accomplished
much. .
To the extent of admitted mediation
in any shape, were met by assurances
that home rule in an advanced phase
would be forthwith offered to Cuba,,
without waiting for the war to end, and
that more humane methods should
thenceforth prevail in the conduct of
hostilities. Coincidentally with these
declarations, the new Government of
Spain continued and completed the pol—
icy already begun by its predecessor of
testifying friendly regard for this na-
tion by releasing American citizens
held under one charge or another, con-
nected with the insurrection, so that,
by the end of Novembem not a single
persons entitled in any way to our na-
tional protection remained in a Span-
ish prison.
While these negotiations were pro-
gressing the increasing destitution of
the unfortunate reconcentrados and the
alarming mortality among them claim-
ed earnest attention. The success
which had attended the limited meas-
ure of relief extended to the suffering
American citizens among them by the
judicious expenditure through the con-
sular agencies of the money appropri- ‘
ated expressly for their succor.
Alternative lies in the physical ex-
haustion of the one or the other party,
or perhaps of both, a condition which
in effect ended the ten years’ war by
the truce of Sean-ion. The prospect
of such a protraction and conclusion
of the present strife is a contingency
hardly to be contemplated with equa-
nimity by the civilized world, and least
of all by the United States, affected
as we are, deeply and intimately by its
very existence. Realizing this, it ap-
peared to be my duty, in a spirit of
true friendliness, no less to Spain than
the Cubans—we have so much to lose
'by the prolongation of the struggle-—
to seek to bring about an immediate
termination of the war.
The result of which representation‘
and correspondence to this end I in-
dicted on the 27th ultimo, through the
United States Minister at Madrid,
propositions to the Spanish Govern-
ment looking to an armistice until Oct.
1 for the newotiation of peace with the
good oifices of the President. In addi-
tion I asked the immediate revocation
of the order of recognition so as to
permit the people to return to their
l
“45‘ M.. «r
farms. and the needy to be relieved
-- :tll provisions and supplies from the
limited States. '
Thousands of lives havealready been
saved. he necessity for exchange in
" e condition of the reconcentrados is
1.2-..- gnizcd by the Spanish Government.
Within a few days past the orders of
General lVeyler have been revoked, the
reconcentrados are, it is said, to‘be per-
mitted to return to their ho s, and
Laided to resume the self-supporting
pursuits of peace; public works have
been ordered togive them employment,
and a sum of $600,000 has beeii- appro-
priated for their relief. "I
The war in Cuba-is of such'a nature
that, short of subjugation or extermi-
nation, a final military victory for
either side ’seems impracticable?
The reply of the Spanish Cabinet
was received on the night of the'31'st
ultimo. It offers, as the means to bring
about peace in Cuba, to confide the
ri sparation thereof 10 the insular par-
liament; inasmuch as the concurrence
of that body would be necessary to
reach a final result, it being, however.
understood that the powers reserved
by the constitution of the central Gov-
ernment are not lessened or dimin-
ishcd.
As the Cuban Parliament does not
meet until the 4th of May next, the
Spanish Government would not ob-
ject, for its part, to accept at once a
suspension of hostilities, if asked for
by the insurgents from the General in
Chief, to whom it would pertain in
such case to determine the duration
and conditions of the armistice.
In my annual message of Decem-
ber last I said: “Of the untried meas-
Ures there remain only recognition of
the insurgents as belligerents, recog-
nition of the independence of Cuba,
neutral intervention, to end the war
by imposing a rational compromise be-
tween the contestants and intervention
in favor of one or the other party."
Turning to the quest-ion of recogniz—
ing at this time the independence of
the present insurgent government in
Cuba, we find safe precedents in our
history from an earlyjday. They are
well summed up in President Jackson’s
message to Congress, December 21,
1836, on the subject of recognition of
the independence of Texas.
He said: In all ‘the contests that
have arisen out of the revolution of
France, out of the disputes relating to
the crowns of Portugal and Spain, out
of the separation of the American pos-
sessions of both from the European
governments, and out of the numerous
and constantly occurring struggles for
dominion in Spanish America, so wise-
ly consistent with our just principles
has been the action of our Government
that we have, under the most critical
circumstances, avoided all censure,
and encountered no other evil than
that prodoced by a transient estrange-
ment of good will in those against
whom we have been by force of-evi-
deuce compelled to decide.
It hasthus made known to the world
that the uniform policy and practice
of the United States is to avoid all in-
terference in disputes which merely
relate to the internal government of
other nations, and eventually to rec-
ognize the authority of the prevailing
party without reference to our partic-
ular interests and views or to the mer-
its of the original controversy.
But on this, as on every other trying
occasiOn, safety is to ; be'found in a
rigid adherence to principle. In the
contest between Spain and the revolted
colonies we stood aloof, and waited not
only until the ability of the new States
to protect themselves was fully estab-
lished, but until the danger of their
being again subjugated had entirely
passed away. Then, and not till then,
were they recognized.
This extreme test Was in fact applied
in the case of Texas.
to whom President Jackson referred
the question as one “probably leading
to war,” and therefore a proper sub-
ject for “a. previous understanding
with that body by whom war can also
be declared, and by whom all the pro-
visions for sustaining its perils must
be furnished,” left the matter of the
recognition of Texas to the discretion
of the other nations.
tI was so recognized by President
Van Buren,‘ who commissioned a
charge d’affaires, March 7, 1837, after
Mexico had abandoned an attempt to
reconquer the Texan territory, and
when was at the time no boua fide con-
test going on between insurgent prov-
inces and its former sovereign. I said
in my message of December last: " “It
is to be seriously considered whether
the Cuban insurrection possessed be-
yond dispute the attributes of state-
hood, which alone can demand the rec-
ognition of belligerency in its favor.”
The same requirement must certain-
ly be no less seriously considered when
the graver issue of recognizing inde-
pendence is in question, for no less
positive test can be applied to the
greater act than to the lesser. ‘
Nor from the standpoint of experi-
ence do I think it would be wise or
prudent for this Government to recog-
nize at the present time the indepen-
dence of the co-called Cuban Repub-
lic. Such recognition is not necessary
in order to enable the United States to
intervene and pacify the island.
To commit this country now to the
recognition of any particular govern-
ment in Cuba might Subject us to the
embarrassing conditions of interna-
tional obligation towards the organiza-
tion so recognized. In case of inter-
vention our conduct would be subject
to the approval or disapproval of such
government; we would be required to
submit to its direct.on‘ and to assume
to it the mere relation of a friendly
ally.
“Then it s? all appear hereafter that
there is within the island agovgrn-
ment capable of performing the duties
and discharging the functions of a sep-
arate nation, and having as a matter
of fact the proper forms and attributes
of nationality, such government can be
promptly and easily recognized, and
the relations and interest of the Unit..-
ed States with such nation adjusted.
There remains the alternative forms
of intervention to end the war, either
as an impartial neutral by imposing a.
rational compromise between the con-
testants, or as the active ally of the
one party or the other. As to the first.
it is not to be forgotten that during
the last few months the nation of the
United States has virtually been one
of friendly intervention in many Way‘s,
each number of self conclusive, but
all tending to the exertion of a poten- '
tial influence toward an ultimate pa-
ciiic result just and honorable to all
interests concerned. ‘
d
.ment.
The Congress ‘
The spirit of all our acts hitherto
has been. an earnest, unselfish desire
forpeace and prosperity in Cuba, un-
tarnished by differences between Unit-
ed States and Spain and unstained by
the blood of American citizens. The
forcible intervention of the United
States as a neutral, 'to stop the war.
according to the large dictates oft-hu-
manity, and following many historical
precedents. where neighboring States
haveinterfered to check the hopeleSs
sacrifice of use by internecine conflicts
beyond their” borders, is justifiable to
rational grounds. It involves, however,
hostile centralnt upon both the parties
to‘ the’contest,-as well to enforce a
truce as to guide the eventual settle-
The grounds for such interven-
tion may be briefly summarized as
follows:
First—In the cause of humanity and
to put an end to the barbarities, star-
vation and horrible miseries now ex-
isting there, and which the parties to
the conflict are either unable, or unwill-
ing to stop or mitigate. It is no an-
swcr to say that is all in another coun-
try. belonging to another nation, and
is therefore, ;none of our business. It
is specially our duty, for it is right at
our door.
Second— We owe it to our citizens in
Cuba to afford them that protection
and indemnity for life and property
which no Government there can or
will afford, add to that end to termi-
nate the conditions that deprive them
of legal protection.
Third—Right to intervene may be
justified by the very serious injury to
the commerce, trade and business of
our people and byuthe wanton destruc-
tion of property and devastation of the
island.
Fourth—And which is of the most
importance. The present condition of
affairs in Cuba is a constant menace
to our peace, and entails upon this
Government an enormous expense.
With such a conflict waged for' years
in an island so near us and with which
our people ’have such trade and busi-
ness relations—wvhen the lives and lib-.
erty of our citizens are in'consta‘nt
dang‘er and their property destroyed
and themselves ruined—where our
trading vessels are liable to seizure and
are seized at our very door, by war
ships of a foreign nation, the ‘expedi-
tion of filibustering that we ate pbwer-
less to prevent altogether, and the ir-
ritating questions. and entanglements
that arise—all these and others that I
need not mentiOn, with the resulting
strained relations, are constant men-
ace to our peace and compel us to
keep on-a semi-war with a nation with
which we are at peace.
Owing perhaps to the large expanse
of water separating the island from
the Peninsula, the contendingparties
appear to have within .t ‘ elves no
depository of common of,“ vdence to
suggest wisdom when pussiiofi and ex-
citement have their sway and to as-
sume the part of peacemaker.
In this view in the earlier days of
the contest the good offices of the
United States, as a mediator, Were
tendered in good faith, without any
selfish purpose, in the interest of hu-
manity and in sincere friendship for
both parties, but were at the time,de-
clined by Spain, with the declaration,
nevertheless, that at a future time
they would be indispensable. No inti-
mation has been received that in the
opinion of Spain that time has been
reached, and yet the strife continues
with all its dread horrors and all its
injuries to the interests of the Unite
States and of other nations. '
Each party seems quite capable of
working great injury and damage to
the other, as to all the relations and
interests dependent on the existence of
peace in the island, but they seem -n-
capable of reaching any adjustment,
and both have thus, far failed of
achieving any success whereby one
party shall possess control of the isl-
and to the exclusion of the other. Un-
der the circumstances, the agency of
others, either by mediation or by inter—
vention, seems _,to be‘the only alterna-
tive which muSt, sooner or later, be in-
voked for the termination of the strife.
These elements of danger and disor-
der, as already pointed out, have been
strikingly illustrated by' a. tragic
event which has deeply and justly.
moved the American people.
I have already transmitted to Con-
gress the report of the Naval Court of
Inquiry on the destruction of the bat-
tle ship Maine, in the harbor of Ha-
vana, during the night of the 15th of
February.
The destruction of that noble ves-
sel has filled the national heart with
inexpressible horror, two hundred and
fifty-eight brave sailors and marines
and two officers of our navy, reposing
in the fancied security of a friendly
harbor, have been hurled to death,
grief and want brought to their homes
and sorrow to the nation.
The Naval Court of Inquiry which, it
is needless to. say, commands the un-
qualified confidence of the Government,
was unanimous in its conclusion that
the destruction of the Maine was
caused by an exterior explosion, that
of a submarine mine.
It did not assume to place responsi-
bility. That remains to be fixed. In
any event, the destruction of the
Maine by whatever exterior cause is
a patent and impressive proof of a
state of things in Cuba that is intol-
crable.
The reply above referred to on the
Blst ultimo also contained an expres-
sion of the readiness of Spain to sub-
mit to an arbitration all the differ-
ences which can arise in this matter,
1.th1] is subsequently explained by
size note of the Spanish Minister to
‘.‘.'ashlngton, of the 10th instant, as fol.
low: :
to the question of fact which
springs. from the diversity of views be-
tween the report of the American and
Spanish boards, Spain proposes that
the fact. be ascertained by an impartial
investigation by experts, whose decis‘
eon Spain accepts in advance. To this
I have made no reply. President Grant,
1“. 1875, after discussing the phases oi
the contest as it then appeared and its
hopeless and apparent indefinite pro-
longation, said:
In such event I am of the opinion
hat other nations will be compelled tc
-ssume the responsibility which de-
clves upon them and to seriously conv
:lder the only remaining measure pos.
ible—mediation and intervention.
In my annual message to congress.
oecember last, speaking to his, I said:
The near future .will demonstrate
.vhether the lndis‘pensible cond.tion.oi
.1. righteous-peace, just alike to the Cu-
to'all our interests, so intimately in-
volved in the welfare of Cuba, is like-
‘ly'to be attained.’ If not, the-exigency
of further and other: action by the
United States will remain to be taken.
When that time comes’that action will
be determined. in, the lien of indisput-
able right and‘duty. It will be faced,
without misgivln'g 'or 'hesitancy in the
light of the ‘obligations this Govern-
ment owes'to itself, to the people who
have confided to it- the protection of
Sure of'the‘ right, keeping free'from
all offense ourselves, actuated only by
upright and patriotic consideration,
moved neither by' passion no’r selfish-
ness, the Government‘will continue its
watchful care ' over’ the rights and
preperty of American citizens and will
abate none of its effOrts to bring about
by peaceful agencies a peace which
shall be honorable and enduring.
If it shall hereafter appear to be a
duty imposed by our obligations to
ourselves, to civilization and humanity
'to intervene with force, it shall be
without fault on our part; and only
because the necessity for such action
will be so clear as to command the
support and approval of the civilized
world.
When the inability of Spain to deal
successfully with the insurrection has
become manifest, and it is demonstrat-
ed that her sovereignty is extinct in
Cuba for all purposes of its rightful
existence, and when'a hopeless strug-
gle for its re-establishment has degen-
erated into a strife which mearis noth-
ing more than the~useless sacrifice of
human life and the utter destruction
of'the very subject matter of the con-
flict, a situation will ‘be presented in
which our- obligations 'to the sovereign-
ty 'of Spain will be superseded by high-
er obligationsywhich' we can hardly
hesitate to recognize-and discharge.
The long trial has proved that the
object forrwhich Spain has waged the
war, cannot be attained. The first of
insurrection ma’y flame” 'or may smoth-
er, with varying'seaSOn, but it has not
been‘Tand it is plain 'that' it cannot be
extinguished by‘ present methods.
The only hope‘of relief and repose
from a. condition which- can no longer
be endured‘is the enforced pacification
of Cuba. In the name of humanity,
in the name of: civilization in behalf
of endangered American interests
which gives us the right and the duty
to speak' and to act, the war in Cuba
must stop. .
In view of these facts and these con-
siderations I ask the Congress to an-
thorize and empower the President to
take measures to secure a full and
final terminatiOn of hostility between
Cuba, and to secure in the island the
establishment of a stable government
capable of maintaining order and ob«
serving its international obligation,
ensuring peace and tranquility and the
security of its citizens, as well as our
own, and to set the military and naval
forces of the United States as may be
necessary for these purposes.
And in the interest of humanity and
to aid in preserving the lives of the
starving people of the island, I recom-
mend that the distribution of food sup-
plies be continued and that an appro-
priation out of the public treasury to
supplement the charity of our citizens.
The issue is now with the Congress.
It is a solemn responsibility.
I have exhausted every‘effort to re-
lieve the intolerable condition of af-
fairs which is at our doors. repared
to execute every obligation imposed
upon me by the Constitution and the
law I await your action.
Yesterday, and since the preparation
of the foregoing message, official in-
formation was received by me that
the latest decree of the ,Queen Re-
gent of Spain directs'General Blanco,
in order to prepare and facilitate peace,
to proclaim a suspension of hostilities,
not yet been communicated to me.
consideration, will, I am sure, have
our just and careful attention in the
solemn deliberations upon which you
are about to enter. If this measure
attains a successful result, then our
aspirations as a Christian, peace-lov-
ing people, will be realized.
If it fails it will be only another jus-
tification for our contemplated action.
WILLIAM M’KINLEY.
Executive Mansion, April 11, 1898.
\w Ylll
FOB.
V R
IT GIVES i vaunted ta
bans audio Spain, as well as equitable ‘
their interests and honor of humanity.-
the people,of Spain and the people of,
the duration and details of which have
This fact, with every other pertinent '
' ‘T'KG' V'E RYlmember of
EVERY family on
EVERY farm, in
EVERY village,
EVERY State or Territory.‘
ITO VES humorcu~ illustrations. '
II GIVES entertainment to young and old.
IT GIVES satisfaction everywhere to everyboy. .
5 S racing:
tax;i pitch, grease '3" '
an stains from (
clothing and w- V POT I II E
pets quickly and » LLEAHS
completely and .;‘ ' k7.
Eclerjxavega Ring -. . I .
—No Acid.— . 106;, 25a. It Drug
No unpleasant odor. ~ and Dry Goodomm
Not inflammable. ' ”Samples mailed, 5c. .
L. B. SUTTON, NeWCanaan,'_C£
Sold by FINNEY:&:&ENEDICT.
J. G.NEWI§IRK.
-:- DENTIST -:-
Dentistry v-erformed in all branches. ..
G01: and Porcelain Crowns inserted.
Gas administered for the Painless extr '
of l‘eeth. Appointments can be made by .
_OFhICE—Lewm announcer the Uongrefl-
tional Uhurch, Norwalk. Conn. 4
ETER L. GUIGUEJ'lonst andNnrsm
‘ man Union Avenue. north of Unit!-
bemtery Nor-walk. Conn. Dealer in Green
House otHousesnd Bedding and Vege-
tablePlants..Fru1t and Ornamental Treu‘
Shubbery, Vines. Cu 0. Flowers. always
handmndall sorts of designs in flowers a. .
ranged to order.
WGradmscnd refillingcemetery ots it
ended to.
nu INSRUANCE co., of Hartford
Incorporated 1812. Charter Perpetua
Gopitsl n0Anots,‘8,902.279.64.
Insures sgainstiossanddama b
terms adapted to the hazard gfidzofiifigs
with thalawa ofcom‘gensationi.
00 LES in ME
Solenrentsfor Norwslk sndvicinitv
ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY
Low Rates. Prompt ‘Delhc
bracnh omce. Norwalk, at Morris ] (iiedici
Main Ofiice.depot.fionth Norwslk.
\ . L. HUNT.Agent.
The Nowell Foe Immense Ill
Has now Completed tl'.
32.) succnssrm. Busmnss mean" ,1
And has not outstanding a dollar of nnpdi
losses or claims for losses. ll’o soun com
Dam, insures for less
A. G.McIlwaine.Pres..G. B. St. John ,Vice-
F. E . Show. Sec. Geo. ll. ( av 25, B4 sidmt-
FEBTILIZEHS
BRAIILEY’S, -:-
MlPEISi
-:- Boloeeeool.
_____..._.___
Potato
manure, ground bone, air clocked
F erlilizers for all crops.
lime, stable manure. Large or small
quantities. Manufacturers’ prices. ..
For Sale by, . ' .
Raymond Bros;
SOUTH ’NORWALK.
W ll
I c'rcaticn,
FOR‘NobIe Manhood,
FOR True Womanhood}.
xxxxxxXxxxxxxxx
T GIVES al‘ important news of the Nation.
T CIVES all important news of the Wor'd.
IT GIVES th most reliable market reports.
iT CVES briliant and instructive editorials.
IT GiVES fascinating short stories.
IT GTVES an uneycelled agricultural departrnen
IT GIVES scleotific and mechanical information,
hion articles,
f
Tribune fboth papers),
Writdyour III-‘0 end adorns u. a:
Tribune Building. New York—City
um “allot-[wen
ADDRESS ALL onornsv'ro '|' E
W H . .
We furnish' The Weekly ¢a1911.°i_§“i’N€V3’ Yor VVeekiy
3. been; m.
VONE YEAR] FOR‘:Q'NEY:$1-°Qi “WW“
mzeflfilu Eyolk. ."glnn
‘1
Tlllll f
Norwalk Chronicler