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THE EXPLORER’S ACCOUNT OF
MEETING WITH JACKSON
11‘411'1‘l1I‘ee3Iears He Had .‘int Seen ;- “'11“-
Man and the Bleeting Was as [inn-x1" (-1-
(ul As It Was “’elcomc—A Ilng’n Burl
3H- «1 to the Discovery (11.1 I rieml.
An idea of the conditions of A1c‘ it
11111 ei may be gained from Explo1e:
Nansen’s recital of his meeting with
civilized men after three years of sep-
aration, which account is quoted f1cn
“11"a1thest North. ”
”It was past midday on June 17 wh'cl.
I turned out to prepare breakfast. l
had been down to the edge of theirs
to fetch salt water, had made tip the
fire, cut up the meat and put it in the
pot, and had already taken off one boot
preparatory to creeping into the bag
when a sound suddenly reached
my car so like the barking of a dog
that I started. It was only a couple at
barks, but it. could not be anything
else.
NA NS EN.
“I strained my ears but heard no
more, only the same bubbling noise of
thousands of birds. I must have been
mistaken, after all; it was only birds
I had heard; and again my eye passed
from'sound to island in the west. Then
the barking came again—first single
barks, "then full cry; there was one
deep baik, and then one sharper; there i
was no longer any room for doubt. At I
that moment I remembered having
heaid two reports the day before which
I thought sounded like shots, but I had
explained them away as noises in the
ice. I now shouted to Johansen that z
I heard dogs farther inland. Johansen
started up from the bag where he lay
sleeping and tumbled out of the tent
‘Dog?’ He could not quite take it in,
EXPLORER
but had to get up and listen with his
mi 11 eais while I got breakfast ready.
But there was not a sound like the
barking of. dogs, only noisy auks,:
harsh-toned little auks and screaming
tracks of an animal. They could hard-
ly have been made by a fox, for ifathey
were. the foxes here must be bigger
than any I had ever seen. But dogs?
Could a dog have been no more than
_ a few hundred paces from' us in the
night without barking, or without out
having heard it? It seemed scarcely
probable; but, whatever it was, it
could never have been a fox. , A wolf,
then? I went on, my mind full 01
strange thoughts, hovering between
certainty and doubt. Was all our toll,
were all our troubles, privations and
sufferings to end here? It seemed in-
credible, and yet—Out of the shadow.
land of doubt, certainty was at last be-
ginning to dawn. 4
‘flt was with a strange mixture ol
feelings that I made my way in toward
land among the. numerous hummock!
and inequalities. Suddenly I thoughl
I.heard a shout from a human voice.
a strange voice, the first for three
years. How my heart beat and the
blood rushed to my brain as I ran up
on to a hummock and hallooed with all
the strength of my lungs! Behind
that one human voice in the midst of
the icy desert—this one message from
life—stood home and she who was
waiting there; and I saw nothing else
as I made my way between bergs and
ice ridges. Soon I heard another
shout. and saw, too, from an ice ridge,
a dark form moving among the hum-
mocks farther in.
farther off came another
that was a man.
I raised my hat; we extended a hand
to one another, with a. hearty ‘How do
you do‘?’ Above us a roof of mist
shutting out the world around, be-
neath our feet the rugged, packed drift
ice, and in the background a glimpse
of the land, all ice,'glacier, and mist.
'On one side the civilized European in
an English check suit and high rub-
ber water boots, well shaved, well
groomed, bringing with him a per-
fume of scented soap, perceptible to
the wild man’s susceptible senses; on
the other side the wild man, clad in
dirty rags, black with oil and soot,
with long, uncombed hair and shaggy.
beard, black with smoke, with a face
in which the natural fair complexion
could not possibly be discerned
through the thick layer of fat and soot
which a winter’s endeavors with warm
water, moss, rags, and at last a knife,
had sought in vain to remove.
suspected who he was or whence he
came.
“Jackson:
see you’
‘ ‘Arent you Nansen?’
“ ‘Yes, I am.’
“ By Jove! I am glad to see you!’
“And he seized my hand and‘shook
it again, while his whole face~ became
one smile of welcome and the deligh1
at the iii-expected meeting beamed from
his dark eyes.”
‘I‘m immensely glad to
A soft answ -r turneth away wrath
It was a dog; but .
figure, and g
g the terrtory where Pullman cars were
No one‘
PUI LilIAN’ S CI TY.
HOW IT WAS FOUNDED AND THE O’B-
JECTS OF THE FOUNDER, .1
It Was a Business Venture but There
\Vere l’hilantropic Motives Back of It,
and Its Residences Are Said to Show
Superior Refinement and Thrift.
George M. Pullman’s death brings in-
to fresh attention the unique city which
lie founded and which bears his name.
For the first thirteen years after the
organization of his palace-car compa-
ny, in 1867, its sumptuous vehicles
were built in shops at four widely scat-
tered centers—St. Louis Detroit, El-
mira and Wilmington, Del. But- in 1879
a consolidation of interests was de-
cided upon. A year later it was car—
ried into effect.
Mr. Pullman had something more in
view at this time than greater econo-
my and efficiency in administration
and improved facilities for production.
He wanted to establish a community of
workmen which should have no paral-
lel in America in respect to the neat-
ness, sanitary conditions and artistic
and moral influences of its surround-
ings, and which should be radically dif-
ferent in these respects from the typ-
ical factory village of the east and the
mining settlements of long-occupied
regions like Pennsylvania.
Chicago was situated centrally' in
most in demand. But the high price of
land inside the city limits, together
with other considerations, decided him
to select a site out on the prairie, four-fl
teen miles south of the. heart of Chica-
go. A tract including 3,500 acres lying
on the west shore of a. sheet of water
known as Lake Calumet, and about five
miles from Lake Michigan, was pur-
chased. A great deal of it was bog.
But it was redeemed by wise engineer-
ing skill and irresistible enterprise. Al-
most like magic there sprung from the
soil 3. small but beautiful and complete
city.
Inasmuch as the Pullman company
erected not only numerous buildings
for its own manufacturing processes—
foundries, forges, machine shops, car-
penter shops and paint shops—but also
the dwelling houses, stores, sch-001,
church, savings bank and railway sta-
tion, this plan insured ”a certain
standard of beauty for all the
places of residence, secured a
uniform strip of lawn in front
. of all the houses, and protected every
, tenant against slovenly neighbors and
_ corner groceries.
All merchandise,
whether it was drygoods, food, station-
ery or fuel, was to be obtained only in
one locality, and in that locality the
purchasers were sheltered from the
, weather by a glass roof over a broad
and graceful arcade.
the other business houses were kep
In like manner
1 The asphalt streets W810 kept
F
could have it next door. because it was
utterly excluded from the place. So, too
was the gambling hel’l’.
as
clean as a parlor 11001. Every habita-
tion was provided with. gas, water and
perfect drains. The sewerage system
was so arranged that all liquid refuse
was pumped— away to a distance and
used in fertilizing a vast farm. Pri-
vate and public flower beds dotted the
lawns. The occupants of the houses
an the people who carried on mercan~
tile puisuits were all compelled to rent
their quarters of the company. None
of them could own or build. The arch-
itects and builders were hired by the
single corporation that dominated ev-
erything, so that unity of design and
policy in matters affecting the com-
munity as a whole was secured beyond
all risk. The so-called “City of Pull-
mang” which within a few years after
its foundation, in 1880, had a popula-
tion of twelve'thousand, was formally
annexed to Chicago in 1889, but the
company’s chart-er gave it full adminis-
trative powers in its own domain.
Although the labor troubles of 1894
exposed Mr. Pullman to a good deal of
criticism and misrepresentation, it is
nevertheless true that in founding-the
city which bore his name he was ani-
mated very largely by philanthropic
and original ideas His theory regard-
ing sleeping and draWing room cars
was that their unprecedented elegance
would exert a. restraining and. refining
influence upon the passengers, and that
their handsome carpets and upholstery
would not only be safe from the boots
and eXpectorations of Caieless men, but
that the traveling public would be edu-
cated by their surroundings. Of course
he expected to make money inciden-
tally, but his venture was generally
considered a hold if not crazy one at
first. In like manner he believed that
the exceptional, artistic, intellectual
and moral influences with "which he
.environed his workmen, would not" be
thrown away, but, on the contrary,
would make them more useful em—
ployee and better citizens. Pride, am—
bition, self respect, loyalty and thriftfi‘ .
toa
1\
have certainly been stimulated
great degree.
About half of the population of Pull—
man are—or were a few years ago, 0p-
eratives in the car shops, and at least
two thousand were depositors at the
savings bank. In 1893, before the last
period of hard times, their accumula-
tions in that institution amounted to
nearly $700,000. Besides those employ-
es who rented dwellings inside the city
limits, there were more than two thou-
sand who lived just over the line.
About half of them owned their own
homes. The people are singularly
healthy and bright, as, well as prosper—
ous. It has been as’Serted that a rep-
resentative assembly of the residents of
Pullman give distinctive evidences of
- SELLING 11y SIGNALS.
HOW CATTLE ARE DEALT iN AT THE
- CHICAGO STOCK YARDS.
The Motion of a Whip as Binding as a.
‘ Written Agreement—Thousands of Dol-
lars Change Hands With Only Signs to
Indicate the Contract.
The Chicago stock yards is unique
among the great marts of the world.
In no other place, say those who are
most familiar with its‘ daily rantine,
is so large an aggregate of business
transacted in the language ofgestures
and without the “scratch of a pen” as
in the noisy pens of the stock yards. A
whip is held high in air, across a sea of
clattering horns the signal is answered
by the momentary uplifting of “a hand,
and a “bunch” of cattle worth thous—
ahds of dollars is sold.
There 'is something splendidly pic-
turesque and even spectacular in these
wordless transactions. They ignore
the artificialities of the complex system
upon which modern business relation-
ships are almost universally maintain-
ed. Trade in the cattle pens gets bold—
1y back to primitive simplicity. It is
done on honor, not on paper. And the
undisputed transfer of millions of d01-
lars worth of the property here dealt
in proves that a bargain sealed with
the wave of the whip and the assenting
gesture of the hand is quite as safe
and sacred as if the whole transaction
were recorded “in black and white.”
The trader in the wheat pit is armed
with his tally card upon which he
pauses to note the names of those with
whom he deals and the amount, nature
and price of the commodities bought
and sold. The broker upon the floor
of the stock exchange places equal re-
liance upon the quickly pencilled mem-
details of each trantfiction weie upon
the lips of those conceined in its ful-
fillment. .But the buyer and seller of
the yards carry whips and not pencils,
and their deals are recorded in memory
instead of written upon trading cards.
s well try to picture the old knights
making laborious written memoranda
of their challenges as to think of the
, rough and ready traders of the cattle
yards pausing in their saddles to jot
down upon paper their purchases and
sales. Such a procedure would bid de-
fiance to the very nature of things and
do violence to the magnificent uncon-
ventionality of every environment.
“Is there never any trouble in this
kind of deafling‘."’ a leading commis-
sion man was asked.
“If you mean, do the men go back on
their baigains made by wt ip and hand?
I can answer, never,” was the t1'-’ade1 5
answer, as he brought his trim black
horse to a halt in the cattle alley and
leaned forward in his saddle. “There
isn’t another place in America, or the
oranda made at the moment'when the.
. personal integrity,
without a Written
word to show for the transactions, as
right here,” he continued. “And the
method beats all the bonds on earth.
The day 8 business in these pens will
run about a million and a. half. And
how is it done? Little talk, a consid- ‘
erable waving of whips and hands and
no exchange of written documents be— -
tween buyers and sellers! -
"Here is a bunch of cattle that will—
figure up about $10,000. Over there in
the other alley is a buyer who this
morning offered me a price of $5.10 for
them. I thought that I could do
better, but the market has been
a little off and I have decided
to let the bunch go at his
offer. Up to the present moment we
have exchanged about a dozen words
on this subject. Now, if he is willing
to pay the price which he named in the
morning, I’ll show you how a $10,000
bunch of fat steers is sold without
word of mouth or a scratch of writing
at the time the bargain is really
made.”
The commission man then straight.—l
ened up in his saddle and waited for
the distant buyer to look in his direc—
tion. A moment later this representa—
tive of a big packing house wheeled his
horse about and faced in the direction
of the seller. Instantly the commis<
sion'nian lifted high his rawhide rid—
ing whip and held it aloft. His atti—
tude was as striking as that of a cav—
alry colonel uplifting his sabre to con—
centrate the attention of his regiment
before making a desperate charge.
The pose, however, was full of natural
grace and freedom, and showed that
the man was more at ease in the sad—
dle than he could have been out of it.
Only a moment elapsed before the
alert eye of the buyer caught sight of
the upraised whip. The next instant
he raised his hand a little above his
head, held it motionless a moment and
then dropped it with a forward move—
ment. Quickly the seller repeated the
motion of assent with his whip, and
then, turning to his caller, said:
“That’s all there is to it. To a
stranger this kind of a performance
looks like a long-range sign talk be—
tween deaf mutes. but we understand
each other perfectly. We both know
how many cattle there are in the bunch
and the price at which theyghave been
sold. Had we been within speaking
distance of each other the transaction
would probably have been a verbal one,
just for the sake of sociability, but not
because it would have made the bar-
gain better understood or any more
binding."-Chicago Post.
A scientific piiblication in Paris as
sorts that ophthalmia is increasingly
frequent among bicyclists, owing to the
dust and impurities raised by the
wheel. According to science sharps,
the bike is responsible for more evils
than escaped from the box of Pandora.
kittiwakes. Was it these, after all. : 8,, 81.10,. refinement and thrift as com-
that I had heard? I set off in doubt. but a soft: tire filleth a mans soul With apart from‘the homes. And as for the paged with any other bodv of Ameri- whole world, for that matter, where so 1‘ “m3" 500“ be held accountable f0?
Then ill-front of me I saw-“s , anger. ginmill, neither church _nor dwelling can‘workmen.—New York‘Tribune. much business is done on the basis of original sin.
. ‘ . _ , . . . ' . _ _ -
Dedlcated to Miss Anmc R‘;l:ra\nk CH C) R1 5
Se nd Ba 0 k NI y L. e tters. 71W“ (/1 1" “15‘”-
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Norwalk Chronicler