Norwalk gazette, Friday, June 18, 1897 · page 8

 

 

 

 

"exhibits the character

 

NNNLimiNsIGA

Text of the Document Transmitting
the Hawaiian Treaty.

 

_ POSITION OF GOVERNMENT.

Plan of the Annexation Regarded Merely
as an Inevitable Consummation—Sec-
retary Sherman’s Report—Eng-
lish Papers Nettlcd.

Washington, June 18,—The following
is the full text of the message sent to
the senate by President McKinley to
accompany the Hawaiian treaty:

To the Senate of the United States:

I transmit herewith to the senate, in
order that after due consideration the
constitutional function of advice and
consent may be exercised by_that body,
a. treaty for the annexation of the re—
public of Hawaii to the United States,
signed in this capital by the plenipoten-
tiaries of the parties on the 16th of
June inst.

For the better understanding of the
subject I transmit in addition a. report
'of the secretary of state briefly review—
ing the negotiation which has led to
this important result.

The incorporation of the Hawaiian
Islands into the body politic of the
United States is the necessary and fit-
ting sequel to the chain of events which
from a very early period of our history
has controlled the intercourse and pre-
scribed the association of the United
States and the Hawaiian Islands. The
predominance of American interests in
that neighboring territory was first as-
serted in 1820 by sending to the'islands
a representative agent of the United
States. It found further expression by
the signature of a treaty of friendship,
commerce and navigation with the king
in 1826, the first international compact
negotiated by Hawaii.

How England Backed Down.

It was signally announced in 1843,
when the intervention of the United
States caused the British government
to disavow the seizure of the Sandwich
Islands by a British naval commander
and to recognize them by treaty as an
independent state, renouncing forever
any purpose of annexing the islands or
exerting a protectorate over them. In
1851 the cession of the Hawaiian king-
dom to the United States was formally
offered. and, although not then accept-
ed, this government proclaimed its
duty to preserve alike the honor and
dignity of the United States and the
safety of government of the Hawaiian
Islands. From this time until the out-
break of the war in 1861 the policy of
the United States toward Hawaii and
of the Hawaiian sovereign toward the
United States was exemplified by con-
tinued negotiations for annexation or
for a reserved commercial union. The
latter alternative was at length accom-
plished by the reciprocity treaty of
1875, the provisions of which were re-
newed and expanded by the convention
of 1884, embracing the perpetual cession
to the United States of the harbor of
Pearl river, in the island of Oahu. In
1888 a proposal for the joint guarantee
of the neutrality of the Hawaiian Is-
lands by the United States, Germany
and Great Britain was declined on the
announced ground that the relation of
the United States to the islands was
sufficient for the end in View. In brief,
from 1820 to 189?. the course of the
United Statcs toward the Hawaiian Ts-
lands has consistently favored their au-
tonomous welfare, with the exclusion
of all foreign influence, save our own,
to the extent of upholding eventual an—
nexation as the necessary outcome of
that policy.

"No New Scheme.”

Not only is the union of the Hawaiian
territory to the United States no new
scheme, but it is the inevitable conse-
quence of the relation steadfastly main—
tained with that mid-Pacific domain
for three—quarters of a century. Its ac-
complishment, despite successive de-
nials and postponements, has been
merely a question of time. While its
failure in 1893 may not be a cause of
congratulation, it is certainly a proof of
the disinterestedness of the United
States, the delay of four years having
abundantly sufficed to establish the
right and the ability of the republic of
Hawaii to enter as a sovereign con-
tractant upon a ' conventional union
with the United States,‘ thus realizing
a purpose held by the Hawaiian people
and proclaimed by successive Hawaiian
governments through some 70 years of
their virtual dependence upon the
benevolent protection of the United
States. Under such circumstances an-
nexation is not a change; it is a con-
summation.

The report for the secretary of state
and course of
the recent negotiation and the features
of the treaty itself. The organic and
administrative details of incorporation
are necessarily left to the wisdom of
the congress, and I cannot doubt, when
the function of the constitutional treaty
making power shall have been accom-
plished. the duty of the national legis-
lature in the case will be performed
with the largest regard for the interests
of this rich insular domain and for the
welfare of the inhabitants thereof.

WILLIAM M'KINLEY.
Secretary Sherman’s Report.

Accompanying the message was a re-
port from Secretary Sherman, which is
as follows:

The President:

The undersigned, secretary of state, has
the honor to lay before the president for
submission to the senate, should it be
deemed for the public interest to do so, a
treaty signed in the city of Washington
on the 16th inst. by the undersigned and
by the duly empowered representative of
the republic of Hawaii, whereby the is-
lands constituting the said republic and
all their dependencies are fully and abso-
lutely ceded to the United States of Amer-
ica forever. It does not seem necessary
to the present purpose of the undersigned
to review the incident of 1893, when a sim-
ilar treaty of cession was signed on Feb.
14 and submitted to the senate, being sub—
sequently withdrawn by the president on
the 9th of March following. The negotia—
tion which has culminated in the treaty
now submitted has not been a mere re-
sumption of the negotiation of 18:13, but
was initiated and has been conducted upon
independent lines. Then an abrupt revo-
lutionary movement had brought about
the dethronement of the late queen and
set up instead of the theretofore titular
monarchy a provisional government for
the control and management ,of public af-
fairs and the protection of the public
peace. such government to exist only un-
til terms of union with the United States
should have been negotiated and agreed
upon.

The Republic of Hawaii.

Thus self constituted, its promoters
claimed for it only a de facto existence
until the purpose of annexation in which
it took rise should be accomplished. As
time passed and the plan of union with

~Advertise in THE GAZETTE.

 

WEE-any - NOB WAL-li. - oazn'r'ru.

the United States became an uncertain
contingency, the organization of the Ha-
waiian commonwealth underwent neces-
sary changes, the temporary character
of its first government gave place to a
permanent scheme under a constitution
framed by the representatives of the
electors of the islands; administration b
an executive council not chosen by su -
frage, but self appointed, was succeeded
by an elective and parliamentary regime,
and the ability of the new government to
hold as the republic of Hawaii an inde-
pendent place in the family of sovereign
states, preserving order at home and ful—
filling international obligations abroad, has
been put to the proof. Recognized by the
powers of the earth. sending and receivmg
envoys, enforcing respect for the law and
maintaining peace within its island bor-
ders, Hawaii sends to the United States,
not a commission representing a success—
ful revolution, but the accredited pleni~
potentiaries of a constituted and firmly
established sovereign state. However suf-
ficient may have been the authority. of
the commissioners with whom the United
States government treated in 1893, and
however satisfied the president may then
have been of their power to offer the do-
main of the Hawaiian Islands to the Unit-
ed States, the fact remains that what
they then tendered was a territory rather
than an established government, a coun-
try whose administration had been cast
down by a bloodless but complete revo-
lution and a community in a state of po-
litical transition.
A Responsible Government Now.

Now, however, the republic of Hawaii
approaches the United States as an equal
and points for its authority to that pro-
vision of article 32 of the constitution
promulgated July 24, 1894, whereby the
president. with the approval of the
cabinet, is hereby expressly authorized
and empowered to make a treaty of po-
litical or commercial union between the
republic of Hawaii and the United States
Of America, subject to the ratification of
the senate.

The present negotiation is, therefore, as
has been said, not a mere renewal of the
tender of Hawaiian territory made in 1893,
but has responded to the purpose de-
clared in the Hawaiian constitution, and
the. conferences of the plenipotentiaries
have been directed to weighing the ad-
vantages of the political and the commer-
cial union alternatively proposed and rel-
atively considering the scope and extent
thereof. It soon appeared to the negotia-
tors that a purely commercial union on
the lines of the German zollverein could
not satisfy the problems of administra—
tion in Hawaii and of the political asso-
ciation between the islands and the Unit-
ed States. Such a commercial union
would on the one hand deprive the Ha-
waiian government of its chief source. of
reven e from customs duties by placmg
Its ter tory in a relation of free exchange
with the territory of the United States,
its main market of purchase and supply,
while on the other hand it would entail
upon Hawaii the maintenance of an inter-
nal revenue system on a par with that of
the. United States or else involve the or-
ganization of a corresponding branch of
our revenue service within a foreign juris-
diction. \Ve have had with Hawaii since
1.75 a treaty of commercial union which
practically assimilates the two territories
with regard to many of their most impor-
tant productions and excludes other na-
tions from enjoyment of its privileges.
yet, although that. treaty has outlived
other less favored reciprocity schemes, its
permanency has at times been gravely
imperiled. Under such circumstances to
enter upon the radical experiment of a
complete commercial union between Ha-
waii and the United States as independ-
ently sovereign without assurance of per—
manency and with perpetual subjection
to the vicissitudes of public sentiment in
tl'tie two countries was not to be thought.
0 .

Annexation the Only Solution.

Turning then to the various practical
forms of political union. the several phases
of a protectorate, an offensive and defen-
sive alliance and a national guarantee.
were passed in review. In all of these the
independence of the subordinated state is
the distinguishing feature, and with it
the assumption by the paramount state
of responsibility without domain. The
disparity of the relative interests and the
distance separating the two countries
could not fail tO render any form of pro-
tectivc association either unduly burden-
some or illusory in its benefits, so far as
the protecting state is concerned, while
any attempt to counteract this by tribu-
tary dependence or a measure of suzerain
control would be a retrograde movement
toward a feudal or colonial establishment
alike inexpedient and incompatible with
our national policy.

There remained, therefore. the annexa-
tion of the islands and their absorption
into the political system of the United

States as the only solutions~ satisfying all,

the given conditions and promising per-
manency and mutual benefit. The present
treaty has been framed on that basis,
thus substantially reverting to the orig-
inal proposal of 1893, and necessarily
adopting many of the features of that
arrangement. As to most of these, the
negotiators have been constrained and
limited by the constitutional powers of
the government of the United States. As
in previous instances when the United
States has acquired territory by treaty, it
has been necessary to reserve all the or-
ganic provisions for the action of con-
gress. If this was requisitg in the case of
the transfer to the United fates of a part
of the domain of a titular sovereign, as in
the cession of Louisiana by France, of
Florida by Spain or of Alaska by Russia,
it is the more requisite when the act is
not cession, but union, involving the com-
plete incorporation of an alien sovereignty
into the body politic of the United States.

The Only Precedent.

For this the only precedent of our polit-
ical history is found in the uncompleted
treaty concluded durin President Grant‘s
administration, Nov. 2. 1869, for the an-
nexation of the Dominican republic to the
United States. Following that example,
the treaty now signed by the plenipoten-
tiaries of the United States and the re-'
public of Hawaii reserves to the congress
of the United States the determination of
all questions affecting the form of gov-
ernment of the annexed territory, the cit-
izenship and elective franchise of its in-
habitants and the manner in which the
laws of the United States are to be ex-
tended to the islands.

In order that this independence of the
congress shall be complete and unques-
tionable and pursuant to the recognized
doctrine of public law that treaties expire
with the independent life of the contract-
ing state there has been introduced out
of abundant caution an express proviso
for the determination of all treaties here—
tofore concluded by Hawaii with foreign
nations and the extension to the islands
of the treaties of the United States. This
leaves congress free to deal with such es-
txzcial regulation of the contract labor
system of the islands as circumstances
may require.

The Temporary Government.

There being no general provision of ex-
isting statutes to prescribe the form of
government for newly incorporated terri-
tory, it was necessary to stipulate, as in
the Dominican precedent, for continuing
the existing machinery of government
and laws in the Hawaiian Islands until
provision shall be made by law for the
government as a territory of the United
States of the domain thus incorporated
into the Union, but having in view the
peculiar status created in Hawaii by laws
enacted in execution of treaties hereto-
fore concluded between Hawaii and other
countries only such Hawaiian laws are
thus provisionally continued as shall not
be incompatible with the constitution or
the laws of the United States or with the
provisions of this treaty“ It will be no-
ticed that express stipulation is made pro~
hibiting the coming of Chinese laborers
from the Hawaiian Islands to any other
part of our national territory. This pr0~
vision was proper and necessary, in view
of the Chinese exclusion acts. and it be
hooved the negotiators to see to it that
this treaty, which in turn is to become in
due constitutional course a supreme law
of the land, shall not alter or amend ex-
isting law in this most important regard.

Respectfully submitted. _

JOHN SHERMAN,
Secretary of State.

The treaty ,which accompanies the
report is practically identical with that
already published.

ENGLISH OPINION.

The Globe Regrets That Great Britain
Did Not Seize the Islands.
London, June 18.—The Globe in an
editorial discussing the Hawaiian an-
nexation treaty, in which a. good deal of
anger is displayed, says:
"The American navy is absolutely un-
fit to protect the islands, which would

—Advertise in THE GAZETTE. _"

 

g lie at the mercy of any Spanish war-
ships appearing at Honolulu, while
Japan’s sea power is so immeasurably
superior to that of the United States
that a Japanese naval demonstration
would place President McKinley in a.
difficult and perilous position.”

The Globe further says that it thinks
that the declaration made by Marquis
Ito, the former Japanese premier, that
Iapan had never entertained an idea of
a. conflict with the United States over
Hawaii contains between the lines an
underlying feeling of keen resentment,
and proceeds to say:

“W'hatever course Japan may follow
Great Britain claims that all her rights
and privileges shall be scrupulously re-
spected. Viewing the great strategic
value of the group to England, it is a
matter of regret that the islands were
not added to the British empire long
ago, and there was all the more reason
to anticipate a prompt and watchful
attitude on the part of Lord Salisbury,
who should have remembered what a
flabby appearance England presented
before a contemptuous world in the case
of Venezuela. No English ministry can
afford to repeat that ofte" ' d
bury should stiffen his ' ,
McKinley plainly that Great Brit
claims the right to be consulted befor.
the matter of annexation is decided."

The foregoing recalls the fact that
The Globe has been consistent in its
:lamors that England shall annex
everything; that it opposes coercion of
the sultan upon the ground that Eng-
land has nothing to gain by it, and that
it favors England’s permanent and ab—
solute ownership of Egypt and war for
the annexation of the Transvaal.

LAWN MOWERS!

PHILADELPHIA and FAVORITE, liar-
den Tools, Rubber Hose, Wire
Oloih, Window Screens,
Screen Doors, Oil
Stoves, Mixed
Paints.

 

 

 

Lubricating Oil for Lawn
Mowers and Mow-
ing Machines, 500 per o'al.

H. H. WILLIAMS.

Schullze’s Market.

5 RAILROAD PLAOE AllD X X x X
WASHINGTON ST. BRIDGE X x X

 

 

 

 

Here Are a Row of Our Bargains for

This week:
Shoulder Steak, 3

Bound Steak, 12’:
Lamb Chops, 10c
Stew Lamb. '50
Plate Rib, Fresh or C orned,3 Ac

 

rarsn nsn or ALL-KINDS.

 

BluezFish and Weak Fish are es-
pecially nice just now, and, prices
are way down.

 

Paul Schultze, Jr

 

Fairlield Oouniy llalional Bank‘

44 Wall St., Norwalk,_ Conn.

 

INCORPORATED. 1824. Capital, 250 000
EDWIN O. KEEun; President.
DAVID B. MILLER, Vice-President,

L. C. GREEN. Cashier.

 

EDWIN O. KEELER, Mossss H. GLOVER,
DAVID B. MILLER, A. J. IVIEEKER.

F. ST. JOHN Locxwoon. THEODORE E. 8111111,
IRA COLE, CHAS. F..'1‘RIs'rnAM.

 

Accounts of Manufacturers, Merchants and
Individuals solicited.

Safe Deposit Boxes ice to IIGIBOITTOIS.

t‘ENTRAL NATIONAL BAN

26 WALL ST., NORWALK,

 

 

CURPORATED SEPT. 1. 1876.

CAPITAL. - - - - - $100.00I

GEORGE M. HOLMES. President.
E. L. BOYEB, Vice-President.

WILLIAM A. Courts. ashier

 

 

_ DIRECTORS:
' GEORGE M. HOLMES.

y P. L. CUNNINGHAM.

E. L. Roma,

H. E. DANN.
J T. PBOWIT'I
S. H. HOLMES,
J.Cons1Ns. J a.

Ulscouni Day. Saturday.

 

.L__.soH001

NOW OPE .

ALL
APPLICATIONS

For admission shotl
made at Hillside,

 

l

 

Mrs. MEANS...

 

TlIE SILK AND
DRESS
GOODS HOIISE

 

BOSTON 3 one

 

SHIRT WAIST
AID SIIIT
E I PO II I II I.

*

NOBWALK. CONN.

 

we $75.00 Bicycle given away Saturday night,

June 19th,189'7. Save your duplicate checks.

 

BENNETIIIN [IF STIIIIK IAIN.

The weather has been against us, our stocks are large al this dale. PROFITS
BEAR LITTLE WEIGHT. We must gel our slooks down, and The way Io do ii, is Io give

bargains. Here are some of them:

 

DOMESTIC GOODS.

I Case of Summer domet flannel, 6c is
the price, this sale price, 3.

I Bale heavy unbleached muslin, 6c is
the price, this sale price, 4.

1 Case 4=4 full bleached muslin, 7c is
the price, this sale price, 5.

WASH GOODS.

390 All Linen Batiste with Coloredl
stripes, 19.

25c Organdies, I2 I=2

25c Lappet Lawns, 12 i=2

7:: Colored “ 4

190 White and Blk. India Linens, 10

A great stock White Dotted Swiss.

SUIT ROOM.

Jackets at Half Price.

Capes at Half Price.

Crash Skirts, $1.25.

Duck Skirts, 98c.

P’k. Skirts, $1.49.

Covert Bicycle Skirt, $1.49.

Linen “ “ $1.75.

Linen Crash Suits, $3.75 to 5.75.

Shirt Waists, 50, 75, 98, $1.25, $1.25
$.149 and $1.98.

Ladies’ Suits, $5.75, $6.50, $9.98, $1 I,=

’ 98, $14.98.

Separate Skirts, $1.25 $2.50, $2.75 to
$10. ”

 

 

 

UNDERWEAR DEPARTMENT.

Ladies’ Undervests I2 2
Gents’ Undershirts: 25, 35:11:21.50‘3.
gems, lzeglig-e Shirts, 50c.
ens 0 ored Per
and $1.50. cale Shirts, 75 1.00
Boys’ Shirt waists, 25 and 501:.
Boys’ Blouses, 25 and 50c.
Boys’ Knee Pants, 50 and 691:.
Boys’ Wash Pants, 25 and 50c.
100 Dozen Ladies’ Neckties, all the
latest colors, 251:.
Ladies’ Wash Ties, 10c.
Men’s Madras Shirts, 69.

 

DRESS GOODS.

Silk Stripe Chaille, 19c.
54 in. Blk. Sicilian, 50c.

 

54 in. all Checks, 75c.

36 in. W001 Mixture, 25c.

36 in. Mixed Suitings, 12 1=2c.
SILKS.

27 in. Blk. Duchesse, 98c, this worth

$1.50.
24 in. Blk. Rhadame, 75c.
Summer Silk, 25, 33, 39 and 50.
Large figure India Silk in black, 691:.
100 styles for silk shirt waists.

SAVE YOUR DUPLICATE CHECKS AND WIN

' THE WHEEL!

 

BOSTON STORE, ,

CORNER MAIN AND WALL

STREETS, N ORWALK, GT.

 

 

 

INSURE YOUR

PLATE

‘GLASS

IN I THE

Mutual Plate Glass Insurance company

“0F CONNECTICUTfi
At HALF THE RATE charged by other stock companies

Hi BYENTGNEQN.

N ORWALK

W.

Room 1, GAZETTE BUILDINII