Norwalk gazette, Friday, March 13, 1896 · page 7

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1 Loss , SHOWN.”

The hearing in the proposed exten-
sion of the NorWalk Tramway com-
pany ’8 tracks from the Norwalk town
line, through Darien to the Stamford
town line, was continued yesterday in
the superior court before Judge Geo.
W.Wheeler. ‘

The railroad is making another of
them: strong fights against the exten-

 

sion of the electric road parallel to its‘

own, that has characterized its efforts
all through the state. This particular
fight is of added interest because of the
fact that two brothers of a distinguished
family of legal lights are opposed to
each other. It is Stoddard against
Stoddard, Henry for the Tramway com-
pany, Goodwin for the steam company

The ev1dence for the Tramway
closed in the morning and the Consoli-
dated road commenced its one. :5 iv..-
ral ot' the prominent officials of that
great corporation were on hand to [esti-
fy.

The affairs 0 f the I‘iamtvay company
were pretty Well allied and thehuanciai
methods employed to butt-i the road
were disclosed down to the most minute
detail. ‘

Mr. Mansfi- l‘, of the TiamWay com-
pany, was the last witness for the appel-
lants and he was asked to tell all he
knew. The proverbial pulling of teeth
was nothing compared to Ehe difficul-
ties experienced in getting at the facts.

It appears that the dividends as yet
are somewhat prospective. The plant,
however, is in splendid shape and the

- returns for money invested will come

later on. The company is earning more
than its operating expenses and fixed
charges and it has considerable unde-
veloped propetty which will turn in
considerable as building lots at no dis-
talfll date.

H. M. Kochersperger, comptroller of
the Consolidated, testified that for the
six months ending Feb. 28, 1894, his
road carried 33,606 passengers between
South Norwalk and Rowayton, while
for the six months ending Feb. 29, 1894,
the number carried was 21,814, a falling
ofl‘ of 11,792. The first six months fig-
ures are those of a period before the
tram way was in operation between
Soutti Norwalk and Rowayton, and the

' second for a period when the tramway

was in operation.

Relative to public necessity: Mr.
Kochersperger said he had a record of
paswnger traffic for March 4lwhich
showed that that day the Consolidated
carried eight passengers from Noroton
to Darien, six from Darien to Noroton,
five from Noroton to Rowayton, six
from Rowayton to Noroton, five from
Darien to Rtwayton and nine from
Rowayton to Darien.

General Supt. C. H. Platt was fam-
iliar with the train service of the road
and had knowledge of train facilities
which could be furnished in case of ne-
cessity. He said that it was now pos-
sible to run trains between South Nei-
walk and Stamford every 11 minutes in
either direction.

R. M. Berrien, the civil engineer of
the Consolidated, said he had charge of
the construction part of the improve.
men‘ts that had been made between
Rowayton snd South Norwalk incln
sive, and that the approximate cost was
$384, 000.

Samuel Grumman had resided in

Darien for 25 years and for about 14

years of that time was proprietor of a
“general country store.” He had ob-
served the travel over the proposed
route of too Tramway Co. and knew
the business of most of the people along
the route. He did not think public
necessity or public convenience called
for the trolley. Under the cross exam-
ination of ex-Judge Stoddard, he be-
came “twisted" to a considerable ex-
tent, and finally admitted that he knew
of no class of people who would not be
convenienced by the trolley road. Mr.
Grumman appeared to be one who had
a selfish interest in the matter and his
cross-examination allowed of the infer-
ference that beyond the protection of

his own interests, he was not much in-
terest ed in the general welfareand con-
venience of Darien pet ple.

Mr. Grumman, on cross examination,
was inclined to be “smart” and overtime
in his ausWel‘s, but Judge Stoddard
soon caused. him to feel a realizing
sense of the hill pose for which he Was
the stand and then Mr.
Grumman came to the sensible con-
clusion that it was wisest to answer
questions to the best of his ability.

Mr. Grumman’s ev1dence closed the
testimony and the arguments cum
menced, being opened by Col. Front
for the Tramway Co, who claimed that
the road Was aconvtiiten ce much desire
by the public whOm it would benefit.

00——

County Clericals Meet.

The regular monthly meeting of the
Fairfiield County Clerical association
yesterday at Trinity churcb, Bridge-
port, was well attended. The meeting
commenced by the celebration of mass
by Father Booth, of Trinity church,
alter which the clergy repaired to the
parish room where the busmess session
was held. Rev. Lbuis French, presi-
dent of the association, presided, and
Rev. S. H. Watkins acted as secretary.
An interesting essay was read by Rev.
Mr. Bowler, of Huntington, on the
Obligation of the Tithe, and discussion
and argument followed. A minute was
also adopted to be spread upon the rec-

ords on the death of Rev. Dr. Tatlock,
of Stamford. After the meeting a
luncheon was served by the ladies of
the parish.

It was voted to hold next month’s
meeting in Southport.

 

0

 

 

OUR rl‘HIRD EYE.

Scientists Claim fIhat We Have
an Extra. Optic.

 

This Recently Discovered Organ Existh,

Also in Vertebrates of t‘ in Lower
Orders—\Vherc It Is
Located.

Recent researches prove that man
and all vertebrates seem to possess the
rudiments of a third eye. This discov-
ery is not only very interesting, but
also remarkably instructive,since the
rudimentary third eye of a man has, by
one of the most noted philosophers of
modern days, been looked upon as be-
ing the seat of the soul.

As organs by proper use develop in
strength and peifection, so they be—
come week by lack of use. If for many
generations an organ slioull remain
\vithout use, its stiuctmc in time be—
comes simpler and mere imperfect. If
such :1 process continues throughout
ages, an organ. by constant disuse, will

\become reduced to a mere rudiment of
u but it w as in the species using the
sum-2.1 hits, Species Of birds that only
walk and run, but never fly have only
rudimentary wings, as the ost‘ricli;
while in the eagle and the albatross
the wings are seen 1n 0. state of perfec—
Lion.

Now, in closely examining the skulls
of certain lizards, it. was found that
near the top of head, under the dark,
Opaque skin, and Often in the very bone,
an almost perfect eye exists, although
no ray of light ever could reach it. This
eye shows a crystaline lens, a retina of
very complex structure and an optic
nerve; in fact, all the essential parts
of a perfect eye. But being covered by
the opaque skin of the animal it is ab-
solutely useless. If this optic nerve is
traced to the brain it is found to con-
nect the eye with the so-called pineal
gland of the brain. This pineal gland
is, of course, in no sense of a Word 3.
real gland, but a definite portion of the
nervous tissue of the brain, invariably
located just back and partly over the
cerebI-um, and in front of the rounded
brain-mass which generally is consid-
ered to correspond to the corpora
quadrigemina in a man.

This third eye of the spotted lizard
is called the pineal eye, 011 account of
the nerve connection of the. retina With
the pineal gland. Now, while in cer—

tain lizardsb this highly developed eye
is useless because it is cuteretl by
opaque skin, and in others even deep~
ly bedded in bone, it would seem probe.-
ble that in an earlier stage of develop-
ment this pineal eye was not rudi-
mentary, but in constant use. A very
slight modification would accomplish
this—namely, the transparency of the
skin covering the eye. This is exact-
ly the condition of the normal eyes in
reptiles to-day; the skin covers them,
but it is transparent where it passes
over the eye. In the skulls of some of
the gigantic reptiles of the earlier age
of this globe, paleontologists have long
ago found a large round perforation.
Probably this was the socket of the
third or pineal eye of the ichthyo‘sau-
ms, the plesiosaurus and the labyrin-
thodon.

But a much more important conclu-
sion must be drawn from this discov-
ery—namely, that in all vertebrates,
men including man, the traces of this
third eye remain Ito-day. The pineal
eye of lizards being connected with the
large pineal gland of the same; it
would seem that the pineal gland itself
is out the nerve center or Optic thalmus
for this third eye. In all reptiles and
ampliibla the pineal gland is large; so
It is also in fishes. In higher animals
the cerebrum develops very much, over-
growing the more posterior portions of
the brain. By this preponderance of
the nerve ma‘ss the pineal gland be-
comes covered by the cerebrum and as-
sumes more and more rudimentary
forms. But. it remains with obstinate
pertinacity. It is even always present
in man—tho ugh here only of the Size of
a. pen. and rudely resembling a pine cone
In shape. It seems also degenerated in
structure, having hardly any nervous
tissue. These facts of form and struct-
ure have given rise to its name, that of

pineal gland—Popular Science Month-

l y. ‘

 

 

Possible Result.

Some years ago there was in New
England a chief justice who was re-
spected for his high legal attainments,
and afforded much enjoyment as well
by his love of the humorous, which he
often indulged in the courtroom. On
one occasion there came up before the
full bench a case between two towns re
luting to the support of a pauper,numcd
Bowen. When in the course of the un-
gument one of the counsel came to he
name of this indigent person, one of the.
judges, who had been know 11 in fOi met
11. tys sue a brilliant lawy 01', gave a stai.
of. surprise “Bow en—Isanc Bowen!”
be repeated in astonishment, turning
to the chief justice before referred to.
“Why. that man used to be :1 client of
mine!” “Ah,” said his colleague, in :1
' thoughtful but perfectly clear and audi-
ble tone, “could that perhaps account
for his being a pauper now ?”—Youth‘s

Companion.

 

 

Hallowe’en.

,Hallowe'en is a festival that should be
especially honored by young people.
There are so many amusing and good-
natured tricks, and so many innocent
bits of "‘white magic”, appropriate. to
the time, that no self-respecting young-
ster should allow its observance to be
omitted by Careless “grown-ups.”
There, for instance, are the “snap-
dragon,” and the “bobbing for apples,”
and the blowing out of acundle hung at
the end of a stick suspended on a twist-
ed string and balanced by an apple so
contrived as to deal a smart blow upon
the check of the too lingering candle-
blower. And there are the many
charms and contrivances that, once
consulted in honest faith by rustic
lovers, are now the pastime of boys and
girls during an autumn evening.—-.—
Louise Willis Snead, in November St.
Nicholas.

 

 

J:

W E EI‘K LY - "Non W ALB: '- GAZETTE.

 

PIECE. OF [A MAMMOTH.

A Valuable Relic in the Smith-
sonian Institution.

It Is Only a. Bit of Fat from the Body
of an Animal That Has Been
Dead for Thousands
of Years.

 

Dr. Ball, of the Smithsonian institu-
tion, during his recent visit. to Alaska
secured a natural history specimen that
was a prize indeed. It was a bit of mam-
moth fat, from the actual adipose tissue
of an animal that had been dead for tens
of thousands of years.

Bodies of mammoths in a fresh state
have been dug up from time to time in
arctic Siberia, preserved in natural cold
storage since a period probably ante-
dating the first appearance of man on
the earth. That is an old story; but
this is the first known instance in which
the soft parts Of a beast of this species
have been found on the American cont-i-
nent. It is easy to imagine the scien-
tific interest attaching to the. discovery.

Ages ago this mammoth died, under
such circumstances that his corpus was

buried in mud. At about that time-

thcre was a. great and permanent
change in the temperature of circum4
polar regions. The climate had been
subtropical; it suddenly became frigid.
The mammoths were literally “frozen
out,” the last of the species perishing of
cold. This particular individual, frozen
in a. bank of clay, had every prospect of
“keeping" for an indefinite period.

Hundreds of centuries later a stream
flowing through an Alaskan valley
tackled the clay bank referred to and
began to cut it away. At length some
big bones stuck out, and a native of ex-
ceptional courage dug out one or two
of them. This required more of that
quality known in civilized countries as
“nerve” than might be imagined, for
strange monsters, however long they
may have been dead, are regarded with
superstitious awe by savages.

How ever, the natives finally sum-
moned courage enough to drag the re-
mains of the mammoth out of the clay
bunk piecemeal. The body of the ani-
mal had been preserved so well that a
fairly perfect cast- Of it was found in the
matrix.
lay the intestines, was obtained and was
used for greasing boats. Dr. Dall se-
cured a. piece of it, and fetched it back
to Washington for an exhibit.

In the dime of Osteologist Frederic
A. Lucas, at the National museum, is a
mammoth’s molar tooth, to which, an
odd story is attached. It was got from a
spring at Peso Verde, in the country of
the Papa—go Indians. Ever so many cen-
1, uries ago a mammoth in its dying ag~
onies sought that spring for water and
fell into it, too weak to climb out. There
its bones remain to this day, and the
Indians believe that, if they were re-
moved, the spring would dry‘up. Of
course, such an event in that region
means the destruction of a village.

Mastodon bones, of course, are fre-
quently dug up in the United States.
The mastodon was a kind of elephant,
but it did not belong to thegenus Ele-
phus. The mammoth did not belong to
that. genus, being knowu to modern
Science as elephas primi-genus. It
often happens that farmers plow up the
csseous remains of mastodons, particu-
larly in reclaimed swamps, where an-
ciently the gigantic beasts became
mired and died from sheer helplessness
to get out. The tusks are commonly
found so far decomposed that the ivory
crumbles between the fingers.

The fiist mastodon ever dug up was
found in 1613. The remains of these ani-
mals are by no means confined to the
United States; they are discovered all
over the world. They are much thicker
set than the modern elephant. The
lower jawbone of a full~grown speci-
men weighs nearly 100 pounds. The
first mastodon bones that. were dug up
were supposed to be those of giants Of
an earlier epoch—Washington Star.

When Lincoln Was Postmaster.

John Wanamaker was the principal
speaker at a. dinner given by the Phila-
delphia Association of Underwriters to
the national board in the Continental
hotel. He told the following story of
Lincoln: “While at- Washington it came
under my notice in the post office de-
partment that Abraham Lincoln, in
his early life, had been postmaster at
a. small Ohio town. In the changes
that took place the ofiice was consoli-
dated with Salem, and the. man twice
wanted for president was 101‘ once not
wanted for post-master. Years after it
was discovered that no settlement had
reached \Vashing‘ton of thc affairs of
that little post office. was made
to Mr. Lincoln and the c. stated,
when the always great man rose from
his desk and walked over to a chest of
drawers and took out a bundle of pa-
pers. among them an envelope, contain-
ing $17 and some cents, the exact sum
in identical money of the government
safely in keeping until called for. As
he handed it over to the agent of the
post- ofiicc department he said: “There
it is. I never use any other man’s
money."——N. Y. Tribune.

l
li\ :.

Right and Left Limbs.

The physiologists and scientists in
general have been making some curious
experiments with a. view to determine
the relative length and strength of
“right” and “left” limbs. Fifty and
nine-tenths per cent. of the men meas-
ured had the right arm stronger than
the left; 16 4-10 per cent. had the two
arms of equal length and strength, and
32 7-10 per cent. had the left arm
stronger than the right. Of women
46 9-10 per cent. had the right arm
stronger than the left; 24 5-10 per cent.
had the left stronger than the right.
In order to arrive at the average of
length of limbs, 50 skeletons were meas-
ured, 25 of each sex. Of these 23 had
the right arm and left leg longer, six
the left arm and right leg. while in 17
castes all the members were more or
loss equal in length.~—Home Queen.

 

 

A quantity of fat, which over-'

 

 

THE '. MUTUAL'. LIF

INSU — ANCE 00.

OF NEW. YORK.

RICHARD A. McCURDY PreSident.

men it heYeat # ing [160.511.1895.

. .. $221,213,721 33

Assets.
Lia bilities . ' .
Surplus . .

 

194,347,157 58

 

 

Total Income . .

 

Total PaidPolioy’holders in 1895,

$26,866,563 75
$48,597,489 51'

. , 2828126328 45

 

Insure. use and Annuities in force
Net gain in 1895

$899 074,453 78
$6] 647, ’645 36

 

NOTE— Insurance merely vnr men, Is_ discarded from this Statement as whollv misleading, and only insurance

actually issued and paid for in cash is Included.

I have carefully examined the foregoing Statement and find the same to be correct.
CHARLES A. PRELLER, fjAuditor.

From the Surplus a dividend will be apportioned as usual.

Report: of the Examining Committee.

‘ utilised the Mutual Lite Insurance company of New You,

February 11, 1896.

At a. meeting of the Board of Trustees of this Company, held on the 18th day of

December last, the undersigned were appointed a. Committee to examine the annual

Statement for the year ending December 31st, 1895, and to verify the same by cum-

parison with the assets of the Company.

The Committee have carefully performed the duty assigned to them, and hereby

certify that the Statement is in all particulars correct and that the assets specified

therein are in possession of the Company.

In making this certificate the Committee bear testimony to the high character of

the investments (1" the Company and express their approval of the system, order and

acouracy with which the accounts and vouchers have been kept, and the business in

general transacted.
H. C. Von Post,

Charles R. Henderson,

James C. Holden,

RobertL Clyphant,
Wm. P. Dixon,
J. H. Herrick.

ROBERT A. GRANNIS, Vice-President.

WALTER R. GILLETTE, General Manager.

ISAAC F. LLOYD, Second Vice-President.
WILLIAM J. EASTON, Secretary,

HENRY E. DUNCAN. Jr., Cor. Secy.
ALBERT KLAMROTH, Asst. Secy.

FREDERIC CROMWELL, Treasurer.

IOHN A. FONDA, Assistant Treasurer.
WILLIAM P. SANDS, Cashier _

JAMES TIMPSON, 2d Asst. Treas

Committee

EDWARD P. HOLDEN, Asst. Cashier.

EMORY MoCLINTOCK LL..,D F. I. A. Actuary.

JOHN TATLOCK, J 1L, Asst. Actuary.

CHARLES A. PRELLER, Auditor,

WM. W. RICHARDS. Comptroller.

HENRY S. BROWN, Asst. Comp. '

JOHN C. ELLIOI‘I‘, Superintenden t of Domestic Agencies,

”‘ ED WARD LYMAN SHORT, Gen. Solicitor.

MEDICAL DIRECTORS

GUSTAVUS s. WINSTON, M. D. ELIAS J.

MARSH, M. ’1).

GRANVILLE M. WHITE, M. 1).

JOHN W NICHOLS,

I New Haven, General Agt. for State df Connecticut.

 

 

Local Agent.-

 

_.. CAMP,