igr .-.'
WHOLE NUMBER 1605.
TheAdelphi Horror.
TESTIMONY or EXPERTS.
We give herewith, the substance of the
Testimony of the Experts—practical Engin-,
cers and Machinists—as given before the sev-
eral Grand Juries who are investigating the
cause of the recent explosion on the steam-
boat Adelphi,latcly running between Norwulk
aurthw York.
.1011): carran.
an expert, testified: Am machinist and boiler
inspector of stationary heifers for the Fourth
Connecticut Congressional District; have.
had eighteen years‘ experience; examined
boiler and consider it in a very unsafe condi-
tion; the patch did not strengthen the boiler,
but was put on for temporary purposes to
stop a leak; do not consider that kind of a
boiler safe for any purpose when person and
property are at stake; patches weaken boil-
ers; this patch was put on in an improper
manner; the iron was so thin as twie unsafe
to receive patching; along the entire length
- of the fracture the iron was only one-eighth
of inch thick, and in some places only one
sixteenth; for that shape and form of boiler
one-eighth of an inch is too thin; three-
cighths of an inch properly stayed would be
safe. ‘,
i ’ 'GEORGE vixu,
also testified as an expert; Am an engineer,
and have had charge of boilers fourteen
years; examined the boiler and should
judge that it had been very unsafe for some,
time previous: to the explosion ; a Competent
person in putting on a patch would have
discovered the unsafe condition of the boil-
er; don‘t think that a hammer would hav-
fractured the boiler; the man ‘who put on
the patch must have known the weakness
of the boiler; aleak like that in this boiler
would be evidence alone that the boiler
was unsafe; a water pressure commonly
applied would not discover the weakness.
7 ' o. w. anoux'r
was called and testified as follows: I live in
East Norwalk and am a machinist by trade.
Have been in the business, since I was 16
years old, and have seen considerable of en-
gineering life; enough to be able to give an
opinion as an expert. I ’went on board of
the steamer Adelphi after the explosion and
examined the boiler Carefully and thoroughly
in all places that I could reach. I expected
to find the boiler in a very bad condition, but
1 found it in all the parts which I could see,
good—except the exploded portion. I took
a heavy'hammer and tested the boiler severe-
ly, and found it sound. It was clean and in
good order, and looked as though good care
had been taken of it. It appeared to be al-
most anew boiler; did not notice any defect
in the crown sheets. Examined particularly
below the line of the fracture, and found
them all good, except a stay bolt near the
third brace, which I found slightly pitted.
Think, the break is a very bad one. Theiron
near the fracture is very thin. There had
evidently been a leak along the line of frac-
ture, for I found some plates which engineers
call a “soft patch," put on; these were evi-
dently put on to stop a leak, as the way they
were put on would in no way strengthen the
boiler. The patch was 18 inches long.
Think the leak was an evidence of weakness.
Think that patch could have been put on
without the parties-knowing of the weak
‘spot, because when the holes were drilled,
they would have felt the full thickness of the
boiler. Think the patch was put on properly
to stop a leak, If there had been doubts of
the strengh of the boiler, they would have
put the patch on in another way. The put-
ting on of the patch did not Weaken the
boiler, it was simply a patch to stop a leak.
The break did not extend to the holes drilled
to put on the patch. I consider the cause of
the accident was the insufiiciency' of braces
in the boiler. The lack of braces in this
quarter’caused the sheet to grow thin. I
consider that the expansion and contraction
of the boiler—the heating and cooling—taken
into consideration with alternhtc ‘cutting off
and letting on of_steam out of the engine,
has caused a constant vibration and slow
fracture of that particular part, and I think
a similar spot may be found on the opposite
side of the boiler. I could not reach in to
see this part in my examination. Should
consider myself very culpable if I saw a leak
and did not sound it With my hammer. This
patch would not prevent the boiler. from
bursting. In examining any boiler for the
first time I-wonld naturally look to see if it
was properly braced; and-would look for
braces particularly at this point. Did not
see the inspector’s certificate of boiler. If
in examining I found a bolt runningthrough
the tubes I should say it was a sign of weak,
ness. ' .
Went down again after this morning’s ad-
journment to examine a particular point of
the boiler. The agent of the company,
Capt. Perkins, offered to take up the deck
for me, but I thought it would not be neces-
sary as Mr. WatsOn, a much more compe-
tent man, had goneinto the boiler and found
the condition as I expected.‘ Noticed the
crown sheet of the~ center furnace, and found
it flat 2 or 3 inches from the circle, and that
all the furnaces werefound burned in the
lower part, which I account for by the fire
remainingin the furnaces after the explo-
sion; opened the hand-hole plates and found
the iron new; the side that exploded is old
- iron; I do not consider a brandmew boiler
like the one exploded would be safe to put
in a steamboat ;. the '2»: feet 6-,inches patch
made the boiler no strenger nor Weaker, but
it pulled apart at the patch ; my experience
with marine boilers was 24 years ago; went
to California; had a poor boiler and had a
good deal of work with them; all my ex-
perience has been with old boilers; am not
a member of any engineers' association; fire
left in the furnaces after the explosion would
not flatten the sheets. .
SAMUEL I. HABTWELL,
Albany, N. Y., practical mechanic, at pres-
ent employed by the Hartford Steam Boiler
Inspection, Co. all specicl agent; am a me.
chanie; my experience is with steam borl-
ers; during the. war had charge of several
for the government as chief engineer; smce
1974 have been with the Hartford -Co.,; have
examined a number of wrecked'boilers, to
examine the cause, and to report to the presi-
dent of the company, and I feel qualified to
speak as an expert; saw the boiler of the
Adelpbi Sunday, but did not go into 'avcriti-
cal examination further than to satisfy my-
self of the cause of the explosion; noticed
the structure of the‘boiler and found it de-
fective; it appeared to be a boiler that had
seen pretty hard service; noticed the middle
crown sheet was flattened an inch or more;
probably gone more than that from the apex
of the circle which is an. evidence
of overpressure and insufficient bracing ;
noticed two braces above the crown sheet;
from appearances braces were not properly
set, because‘oiie‘part of the stirrup could go
down without any' strain upon the suspend.
ed rod; the edge of the exploded sheet
where it broke, gave way because it was so
broad that a little motion. occurred there,
tin back and {forward furrow.
ing and weakening at the point of the
changed motion; could havebeenprevsnted
by another line of stay bolts along the centrje
of the sheet ; if I had inspected the boner
d for a line of braces, and
aid have looke .
:th had found none I would have hada has
like bending
there if I was going to use it or work along
side of it with 4011) pressure of steam; if I
had put the patch on to stop‘the leak I would
have expected the whole sheet was .weak ;
putting on the patch did not strengthen the
boiler; it was a soft patch to‘stop water from
running out; a properly riveted patch might
have been put on that would have strength-
ened the boiler fur a time ; shouldn’t have
wanted any steam on such a boiler; wouldn’t
have run it anyhow ; a marine boiler of this
style ought -to last 5 to 20 years ; in the
present state of - the art; careful internal
inspection would have detected these defects ; -
if the boiler was 5-16 of an inch all around,
the boiler would not be safe to run such an;
engine; if the steam room was larger it would
have been better; if my theory about the
pulsation is correct the boiler was overwork-
ed; should suy the original plates were 5-16
of an inch thick; such a boiler would not be
safe in connection with the engine; might
have been safe with a pressure of 12 or 15
pounds; any inspector of ordinary intelli-
gence and with fair investigation ought to
know that the boiler wouldn’t be safe with
40 pounds pressure; an inspector of ordinary
intelligence I ought to know the points in
relation to the nature of weakness of aboiler’;
if I was going to take a risk on a boiler that
had a soft patch on it, I, should take off the
soft patch ;‘if a crack runs from staybolt to
staybolt, the party applying the patch ought ,
certainly to extend it over both sheets and
put a line of bolts both sides of the crack ;
no evidence of lack of water at'the time . of
the explosion; found the recording guague in
the engine room disconnected, and was in-
formed it had never been connected; this
guage shows the highest point to which the
pressure goes and leaves an indicator; there
is no evidence that there was more than 40
pounds on the boiler _; would think 25 pounds
pressure could have done the damage;
should not consider a man who does not
understand the ‘fgrooving theory" a good in-
spector; it is awell-kuOWn theory among all
well-informedinspectorsflf every man who
had anything to do with or interest in that
boiler had used the vigilance whichaprudent
man ought, its unsafe condition could have
been discovered; an ordinary business man of
good intelligence and tact, iIsing the utmost
dilligence, would not have been satisfied with
the government certificates, in view of the
many imperfections in- such inspections;
the sources for ascertaining its condition
were within easy reach; it would have cost
an ordinary business man to ascertain that
the boiler was unsafe about $25 or $30, or he
could have had the inspection and insurance
for that amount; .or an examination and
verbal statement without the insurance could
not be over $25; it would take an experienc-
ed inspector and competent and honest man
to make a thorough inspection of that boiler
about a day; to make the inspection he
would get under the furnace and sound the
plates and examine them for cracks, blisters
and burned places; then he would enter the
chamber that makes the connection batween
the furnaces and drop fines and look for
leaks in the tube-heads; then he would enter
through the hand hole in the top and examine
all the braces to see whetherthey were suffi-
cient in number and not loose, and examine
all the plates on the inside for growing and
to see that the rivet-heads were not gone; any
deposit of sediment or scale would beexamin-
ed as to its quality and source; after athorough
internal examination, would then exam-
ine the connectiens to the steam-guages and
water connections with the pumps ;; test the
steam guages, and make a record of. all de-
fects he finds, however trivial; to complete
the inspection he should adjust the gauge
and see that the safety valve would blow off
at the limited pressure; then his recommend;-
ations for any repairs needed, written out, is
given to the owner; a man could go
into-a boiler like that in the Adelphi . in six
hours after the fire is drawn; a prudentia-
spector would not cool the boiler in less time ;
water should not be used in cooling ; and
ten hours more is necessary for a ‘proper in-
spection of the boiler. If the boiler is
jacketed it is the duty of the inspector to
remove jacket if he findsaleak; it would
take two men and a boy . to put on a riveted
patch properly; would have considered the
crack covered by the soft patches a danger-
ous injury; consider the crack located as it
is in: that weak structure an evidence of the
dangerous condition of the boilerand ample
warning of a probable explosion; am not a
member of any. engineer’s} asssociation.
FREDERICK II. LAFARGE,
Waterbury, Ct.; boiler inspector for five
years; machinist by trade; worked at it
till five years ago; was master. .meChanic' of
Benedict 6.7 Burnham, capital $500,000,1’or
three years; learncd‘myitrade with'the Far-
»rel Foundry; duties as Inspector tozsee, that
boilers in my district are in a safe con-
dition to run; make the examinations once
a year, report defects'to owners. Have seen
the exploded Adelphi boiler; nothing but
defects in it; there are quiet a number of
matches on the boiler, and Other plaCes that _
needed them; quite a number on the bottom;
Idndertook to count the patches but stop-
ped; the centre crown sheet has sunk down
from overheating. probably not recently;
the pulsation of the engine had vibrated that
sheet near where it became riged, causing
the grooving; the quickest way, to stop
the pulsation was to have put in, a
large - boiler; and next best "to put in
another. row of braces; the boiler .11:
used needed another row of braces; an
inspector would have expected a row of
braces; if I was- inspecting 'the'boilerandj
found, no braces there, I would have recom-
mended them to have put ”a large solid
rivited‘patch ora new sheet; if I was in-
specting the boiler and found the soft patch
there, I would examine it very‘carefully with
hammer inside and out, and look for the
braces; it.would takerme two hours to make
an honest and thorough inspection of"tbat
boiler to ascertain the defects; the'crack in
the boiler was evidence ofcorrosiou, and
grooving; if the crack broke out along the
line of stays, would make me suspect 'gr00v-
ing along the whole line; any 'competent in-x
spector would suspect the same thing; would
look upon any crack two feet. long as very
dangerous, and the boiler liable to explode
.at any time at ordinary working pressure ;
don’t allow a boiler to be run with any crack
until it is properly repaired; the crack in the
boiler wasample warning of a probable ex-
plosion; a prudent man having charge of that
boiler, with ordinary knowledge, could hard.
ly avoid discovering its condition ; and
such a man could not put 'on the. patch with-
out knowing the condition of-tbe' boiler
(11 piece of iron through. 'which the hole
to holii the patch'was . driven, 3-3.2 of- an
inch thick, was exploded): there was a piece
of iron on the inner side that . seemed-to in.
dicate that it was. put there. in- order to
apply the patcb';. it has probably leaked
since the patch- was applied; was not prop;
erly applied; I'would have put on a much
larger patch if I had put one onat all; ‘Ihe,
iron was in bad shape all around the abuts.
ure’; in fact there‘was. nonif'onfihcrc to
speak of; with the felt covering of}? of the
boiler its unsafe condition could havebeen-
discovered bya person campetent to take
charge of aboiler; the iron of the condi:
lion and thickness of the sample. shown,
would not hear more than five pounds; 3,-
iron ought not to have over 25 lb. pressure
if I were inspecting that boiler new I would
allow 23 lbs; 40 lbs was decidedly unsafe;
if I had inspected it in the condition it was;
and found the crack and patch I would have ,-
patches on the
told me to
TUESDAY. _
JAMES A. HOLLAND,
aged 40; engineer since 1862; been employed
by R C. While all of the time except 12 or
15 months he went steamshiping; was chief
engineer of the Adelpbi when she was run-
ning—since last J une; ' was not on board ,of
her last year; before I got my license I was
fireman; -' commenced 'firiug 'when‘ ,I was
about 18; haveh‘nd my engineer’slic‘ensc re-
newed every year'exc‘epf one when'I was
South; then it ran 18 months; license ex-
pires 13th June, 1879; when received license
sworn to do everything to the best of my
ability ; tofdo my work and take care of the
people; haven’t taken the oath since my
first license, as I remember; was in the en-
gine room when the boiler explode-i ; the
boat was running' under one hell; engine
was not unbooked;~ throttle valve was par-
tially closed; cut off was shut off at about 5
feet; have not altered the cut off; boiler did
was doing its work ; highest average steam
deal to the wind, tlde, etc, average about 36
lbs., sometimes as low as.30 lbs., at others
.as high as 37 and 38; havecomc latter part
ofthe route on from 20, to ,22_.lbs.,; had 38
lbs. of steam on by the mercurygnagewhen
the exploslon occurred; spring guage would
sometimes very from ,the mercury guage a
pound or~tw0; the gauges have both three
pounds apo rt; the nearest together within a
pound the spring guzige was generally
whead; did not noticethe spring guage Fri-
day morning; wont swear whether the spring
gum indicated? 38‘ or 41 pounds; didn‘t,
connect the regulating'guage; ’.it was not
locked; think there—av“ acopy of U. S.
law'on board the Adelphi;; didn’t ’know
whether there was at the time; last year the
inspector of the AnIericus asked me if the
registering gunge worked; I told him no;
be unlocked it and told me to take it down
so as not'to fool the p‘issenges; I did- not do
it, but took it and fixedit so it tol l pretty
nearly the pressure ;_ don’t know whether
there was a fusible , plug in. the A lelphi’s
boiler; never looked for one: there is no
low water detector ; have sufiicient water
guages and cooks; no low water detector of
my kind; used 'salt water in the boiler;
freshcned every' night ; water would not get
salt enough to make any scale much; the
boiler is as clean as the general run of boil-
ers; hav'e run boilers whenI couldn’t help
it that were worse; .I .did the bestI could
to keep the boiler in good shape;
was on the boat when Mr.'Blake inspected
the boiler; inspected her ' at. this dock the
latter part of June; never kcptan engineer‘s
log. on this route; never kept a private diary;
Mr. Blake came up alone to inspect the
boiler; he left the boat after. she landed;
went to the hotel and registered; think he
look sur-pcr with me on board; he came
down to the boat again about half l‘t't‘i. seven;
after we got the fires banked and steam
blown «if, I started the Water in the boiler
‘lbOlll 7 o’clock; when'I got the boiler full I
reported I was rialy to have him put the
pressure on; I told him I wanted to‘ carry
4011) of steam; he tested the boiler to ($01!),
by .my guage,—the same I w .5 going to run
by; couldn't veil whether the gauge. was
right or not; the plan uscd'to be' for Inspic-
tors to bring their own guages, pumps, hose,
ind test by them, and make our gauges cor-
respond; wilbina fevvycars they have drop-'
pad that practice; within the past three
years no government inspectorhss used his
own pump or gauge on any bmler I had
charg! of; Mr. Blake put 00 poundswuter
pressure on the bullrl; I had myband on
be safety valve when the gauge showed 00
pound ; this game changed from 1 to 3
pounds from mercury gu Ige as before stat-
ed; 'a spring gauge is apt to rust. so ,1 dc
pended on the mercury uu-Ige; a spring
gu'age that runs from nothing to 40.ev.er_y
lay may be correct to that point, and If It Is
forced above that once a year It may not be
cortect; Itbiuk that the pressure on the
boiler when inspected to 60 pounds pressure,
if it varied from beingcorrecl would Indi-
cale less than the actual pressure when
forced beyond ordinary pressure; Mr..Blake
did not take the dimensions of the bOIler In
my presence; after he put‘ the pressure on he
went d0wn to the fircmom and leaned over
into the furnaces as for italic could get and
examined them for leaks, cracks, blisters,
etc.;took his hammer and sounded the
boiler as far as he could, get at It; looked In
the back connection and, sounded it; got _in
the middle con'nectioniand exammad It With.
bam‘mer;I took the casing down on the
chimney, and he hammered and pounded
till he was satisfied; the felt was on the star.
board side, he looked belo‘w the fell; where
the explosion occurrou was so close to Ibe
deck he could not get at it, the deck beam
being in the way; when I went on board the
boatin May, there were three small patches
and asocket washer on this part of the
boiler; I, examined them before we
started, and they . showed no leaks,
and I let them stay there; one of
those patches is there now; two of the
others have been taken off and the long one
ir place; don’t know who put the
first patches on; there were other sofI
boiler ; Chief-Engineer Pease
go on board the Adelpbi, see
what she wanted and have her fixed up ;.
he would be up there with me uud We could
go to work at her; Peasa dId not go up
with; me but came up that day; wenton
board the Adelpbl and looked at the boiler
and engine; the boiler maker, Buddy Mar:
key, came there next.day,and went through
the boiler with me; Markey was In the em-
ploy of the Quintard Iron Works; we com.-
meneed in the furnaces, examine them and
when. we found defects we marked them;
went,_through the connections, al‘pund the
shell, and found everythmg In good order;
found other patches on the bottom; went
inside the.boiler and examined all the braces;
put in the
found several crowfeet gone, and the braces
hanging loose over the centre connection;
found slack braces over-all the furnaces;
went hp the chimney and found the braces
and cricket bolts loose took. them all out and
renuvfed them ;j and put the boiler in what
‘ ‘we considered good order; we looked at the
three patches; they did not leak, so we con:
cluded to leave them there; lammered
around the patches some- didnot examine
for braces-as I did not think anything about
.there being necrsslty for more‘biaces; but
examined those that were ' there; .could
strikeia blow below the patches but. not
ubovc'without disturbing the deck; at the
time of Blake’s inspection don’t recollect
saying anything about the patches; hadn't
looked at all ; didn't leak at time of inspec-
tion; examine boiler every day to see that
everything is all right; while we were run:
ing Sunday’s, about five or six weeks ago,
the holler began toleak around the patches;
as soon as I discovered the leak I went to
the Q inlard-Iron Works and told Paddy a
little eak had started between the two
patches, and I told him-I wanted him to go
.to'Nor'whll; and put on a patch; did not say
anythihg to CaptPeaso sbout'it at the time,
‘nor to Mr. _WhIte; never talkedto him un=
less hegtalked to me; Capt. Pease was the
boss; don’t know whetoer I told the Cap-
tain or'uol; don’t consider I am under his
control anyway; he knew there was some:
body to work there, and that is about all he
knew about it; the mute knew iI ; be had
nothing to do with it; Paidy put on the
patch; my brother, the oiler helped him-
commenced to work at it about 9 o’clock; I
was dofiwn‘therc while he was looking at the
leak; was not there when he took off the
old patches; I knew it was thin around the
sucket bulls, and I told him to put It on In-
side and out as it would make It strong I';
my-idea was to put a soft pitch on there so
as to be safe to do the work of the‘- season;
then I thought I would take it out and cut
out theishect and put in a new one as far as
it was needed; he told me that the patch
would make it good; we supposed that the
boiler was good each side; , tore off the felt
to see if other sockets were leaking; none
of the iother sockets leaked, and we were
satisfied the patch was sufficient; many a
lime stoppage bigger leak with soft patches;
boxler did" :: not" ’ leak _ cites! the
potch E was put on; dI ._not
show any‘_lcak- the morning of the explosion;
“0 inibeblur has inspected the boat Dace
have not seen Mr. Blake since the patch was
» put on,nor any ether inspector; don’t call the
cake bail out; the holler was never refused
an Inspection; Blake recommended if paid!
on thef chimney. . He hammered hard
enough to break i iron, and made a dent.-
fliclfmhd, _ "I l. V
pa . 'l_ ere; to d him I would e a be it
and If ."i needed it I would put a fwfi’bn it;
examined It but have not put the patch on
it; after the patch was put on did not say to
fireman ,or any 0 e that the boiler Wag weak
anywhere; when discovered the leak that
,day I told the boys they would have it a
little easier as I did not want to carry more
than 80 pounds; don’t know that the boys
in the fireroom talked about the patch; they
didn’t seem afraid to am there and carry
all the steam I wanted; heard rcporis' in
this city, that the boat was rotton, had been
condemned, etc; I think she Was as good a
boat as tour run into this harbor, and I
would have trusted my life in her as soon as
in any boat that ever came here; if I had
karma that there was all that space in the
boiler without bracesl would have known
that it needed bracinmafter, my brother
looked for other defects.
.13. ,
. came out from putting! on the patch I asked
not make steam extra fast when the engine
pressure on the Sound, was owing a ‘ gond.
the soltipgicb was put on, to my knowledgfiy
“Hallnnd. you’ll have.to puta .
if was all right; the boiler maker went in
too.
general, thing. every Sunday whcn‘thc boat
relaying stillIgo through the boiler and
examine the braces; when we run Sunda s
I examine as often as I can clean outt e
the condition of the iron around the patch;
he went inside to see how the patch was put
on; when I‘, went to the iron works about
the patch, I ordered a piece of "On two feet
longund a foot wide; knew that. a boiler
without braces in the center would vibrate
and groove, but it never came to my mind;
when I discovered thc'breuk, I would have
had a bigger patch put on to make it strong-
eI; never saw a boiler give out in such a
spot before; generally see it around
the wneck of the chimney, and it generally
comes from pulsatil‘m; have seen cracks3
feet long around the boiler, and patched
then; never once gave a thought that the
crack in this shell was caused by vibration;
when a crack occurs I get it fixed as quick
as I-can, without thinking what caused it;
never got over on the side of the arches
where the explosrun occurred; Mr. Blake
did not go inside Ibo boiler at all; he saw
the flattened crown shells; I told him they
were the same as when we got the boat; he
took my word for the inside of the boiler;
told Posse that I had the new patch put on;
told him when I first went to examine the
boiler that it was in better condition than I
expected; especially , the lower part; the
braces and socket bulls‘in the chimney Were
bad, and would have to be taken out; never
had an explosion since I had charge of a
boiler; have been.o.1 a boat when the boiler
exploded; the lining in the chimney, guve
out; use, steam j:t on the top of'fltfihe 'cbIm-
ney to' increase drab; use no jet-direct to
the grate; when I Was 'under..'ful| sp:ed;I
had to use thefjet'all -lhe tilur;,.do not con
Si'lef that it was o'verwmking the bout; do
not pay much atlention‘io what others say
about boilers; tend to my own business; -I
talk With those I know. about them; whaII
have learned about boilers has been'princI-
rally from' my experience with boilers I had
charge of; have talked about them; have
‘talked with those I know about them, but
don't‘ask inspectors or others much about
other boilers; when. the boiler war under
full pressure the gua‘gc pulsnted just a
pound; don’t ibink,.government Inspections
are generally a real thorough inspection;
I would want to look into them myself;
'don’t consider them exactly reliable; might
be if the boiler was new; if he goes through
and examines the brades he knows, but If he
takes my word for their condition he dnn’t
know; would not be content to run a boiler
theta government inspector says is all right;
my ldtfl of the object of government In-
spections is to see that the boiler and boat
are safe for the conveyance of the public;
to prevent explosions and see that lhebmler
is safe; they don’t accomplish tbatplgect as
well as they ought to sometimes; I Informed
Mr. Pease that the patch llld been put on;
he did not examine it; be dili_‘ll0t examine
the engine, but 88ktd me- if chrythIng was
all right; I told him yes; and that’s about
all was said about it.
WEDNESDAY.
J. A. HOLLAND—(RECALLED)
At the time of the explosion _I had 33
pounds of steam on; if my guagc had been
wrong it would not have been possible for
me to have had more than 40 pounds pres-
sun; if I had the government safety valve
would have blown; have heard the govern-
ment safety' valve blow ’on the Adelphi,
since I have. ran her; when I heard it blow
.the mercury guage skewed 40 pounds; the
government safety valve has blown at inter-
valsof two or three days; I would not have
40 pounds on eVery day; it blew sufficiently
“mum" to satisfy me it was correct; can’t
say wbclbcr it was airanged to have the
government inspection by Mr. White or
Mr. Peasc; one of them; I‘supposc; couldn’t
say that the inspector looked ' for stamps on
the sheets; I have not looked for them; in-
spector did not say anything to me about
having patent valves, &.c., on the boiler; or-
dered me to put paient steam whistles on
the Americus' boilers; Mr. Blake did ‘not do
it, nor never spoke'to me about patents to
go on the boiler or engines; have never read
a copy of the United States’ law on inspec-
tion of boilers on steaufiers; don’t 'know
whattbe ins rotor gcs or ins eciiug the
boiler; when‘i stopped tlIc-«lcag-grylth'ptbo.
°soft patch I (liln’t stop to think to look for
the cause of it; think-in stopping that leak
without seeking the close was at that time
using the highest degree of care and utmost
vigilance; in finding a leak, as generally ll.
is caused by a thin spot, look'arnund [0 see
how-far it extended, and fixed it; put the
patch on larger than-what the leak was a
good [lea], and cover-Id all the place up [but
had any indication of being poor around It;
patches on bottom of boiler are not eVIdence
of age of boiler; should judge the boiler to
be not more than three or tour years old at
the outside; don’t know anything about the
‘age fuItber than the certificat‘; in my testr:
mony yesterday I did not say what I meant
when I said that I would not be willing to
run a boiler after a government inspection;
meant to say I would be willing to run such
a boiler lf "-knew the pressure had been put
on; if I di not know the pressure had been
put on, I would want to examine it myself
befdrel run it much; gavel’pme tinspcci
tors always put on the picssure. n answer
to R. C. White, witness said: Ha‘dn’t no-
ticed a fusible plug; didn’t look for a plug,
a d do ’ r exp er 1 uyc seen it‘- never
tgld ‘a Eoiléfgirakgr logkgep his mouib shut
or anything of the kind.
Certificate shown on which a record was
wide at s likable 9193 being iii-Ills boiler.
and also low water guages, ‘ ‘
Janus A. Humour,
Supervising Inspector-General of St”-
boats; The law ll] regard to fusible p .33
requires that there shall be one in all marine
boners; don’t think any other low water
alarm is obligatory; the law has not been
changed within the last three or tour 3798“}
the fusible plug would be a low water inch;
calor; there shall be guages by Which the
state of the water can be ascertained; the
law is imperative ‘ that steam registering
gauges shall be used, but those that have
been offered for that purpose have proved
insufficient, and the Board of Supervising
Inspectors have never insisted upon their.
use; inspectors have no special instructions
except as to hydrostatic preswrc; they are
to make examination of boiler, but the
strength of the boiler is at the discretion of
the inspector; 'thc inspector who inspected
Ebeoofidclphi Is paid an annual salary of
3. . '
It he takes any other fees it is It states
prison offense; the inspectors have no special
instruc.ions as to what guagcs they are to
use; I don’t think an inspector can injure a
hunter with cold water pressure unless it
would be detected at once; I don’t think it
is prudent for an inspector to test a boiler
by the gauge that is in use on the boiler, for
the gauge needs testing as much as the
boiler; it is best to use a guns?- ol’ their own
inspectors are generally appointedupon tes:
.timonials of those who know their qualifies.
tions by a board consisting of the Collector
of Customs, Supervising Inspector of the
District and J mine of the United' States
Court; the law requires that lhe manufac-
turcl? of holler run shall stamp his name
thereon, where it was made and its tensile
strength; if the boiler is so coil‘oded that the
inspector cunnot ascertain the name, can, he
probably do encls upon tanner inspections;-
don’t say that this would be right, but is
.what probably would be done; ll would be
the duty iii the owner to put in
a fusible plug or the inspector should not
allow the owner to ‘run the boiler; if the in
spector ordtrs a fusible plug put in cud the
qwuer due: out do it he is cu'ulcct to a fine
of $500; if the inspector' intentionally tails
to nonfy the owner that a plug is needed he
is Subject to states prison; two steameIs have
recentl, been refused certill slag hcpguse
thelr beliefs were put stamps according'to
aw; some Inspectors do thelr duty notwhhz
standing the im ressiou that they do not
always do so; I fould mention instances
where boilers have been tora'all‘to pieces
under bydroatutic pressure; we'do gall ube
lull-instances where bullets are underlined;
they are replaced and that is a l that is re.
quired, '- .
R. CORNELL llama.
Understand that the boiler on the Adelphi
is the style usually used by Smith’s line on
the North River; it is used by Sound and
New York buy steamers; it is it favorite
boiler; ’tis not a favorite boiler with me
now; we have always favored a different
style of boiler on our other boats; knew this
style of boiler was in the boat. when I
bought it; I' feel that .I know something
about boilers; have been at steamboaling all
my life; have. made steamboats a study;
when I examined the hortI took with me
John A. Pease and .two others in our em-
Ploy, went up to Nyack. Two of the men
want inside—MnPease was one of them;
"hey look a large sized heavy hand hammer
Willi them, and sounded inside, the man
and myself on Ihe outside; tbink'I could
have detected aspotns thin as has been
scanned lot I found no spot'that didnot in.
dIcate sound iron; only removed woodwork
around; the steam chimney; no other part;
Iasked him about the braces; as‘ a-
boiler; did not ask the boiler maker. about'
ifI had known that the braces were there'
in going through, the boiler on Sunday I,
this 120113;“ I was to build. up}; like if, I.
didn’t notice the depression in the
crown sheet; no one motioned. it; my
impression is it was done the-morning 0
patches where the boiler exploded; 'saw
ful examination where we found patches;
-Mr. Pease reporter] that a greatemany cf the
socket bolts were bad,—-over.half; also that
some of the braces were either gone or in
such a condition as to need lo be replaced;
bought the bo'nt ou the 4th‘of May; con-
sulted about the socket boltsiand braces and
instructions I requested'M-r. Peuie to see-
Mr. Bromley of the Quintard Iron Works
(and get his views of what'should be done to
make the boiler secure; result was We took
all the defective ones out and put in new
‘ones; they were to make the boiler as good
as could be made,-witbout regard to time or
cost; no contract was Made; Mr. Palmer
said we could have Mr. Markey as foreman
of the job, as we had great failh'in him; no
conversation with Mr. Palmer about a new
boiler; saw the boiler every 48 hours from
the time the repairs were begun until she
was completed ; frequently every 24 hours;
have not seen the boiler but few times since
the boat started ; in the firetrucm once; al-
ways asked the engineer about how he was
getting on; first positive knowledge I had
of the patches on the port side was last
Saturday afternoon ; undoubtedly saw them
when we bought the boat; cugiueernever
spoke to me about the patches or leak; may
have incidentally heard .lliat, Mr. Markpy
had put a patch on the boil gawkuew the a.
boiler running on fresh we «would nature
ally have a shorler lifc'on‘ saltwater; a
boiler as we use it here would last longer'
between Norwalk and New York lhanbe-
tweenNew Yorkjan‘d N yilck _; think» I asked
more about this boiler ,tbaul usually did;
paid the Quintard Iron‘ Works Co. in the
neighborhood of $3,000‘f01' repairs on the
Adelphl; most of them on the boiler; don’t
know what has been paid since; have paid
,more on the boiler of the Adelphi to keep
her in running order than any of the other
boats; it was the oldest boiler I had, and,
perhaps on that account I gave it more con-
sideration; repairs not so extensive as to
excite suspicions of its safety; run a boiler
on -the average six years; don‘t know
whether the Americus’ boiler, is the same age
of the Adelphi’s or one year loss; when I sold
the Adelpbi to the Columbia Steam Naviga-
tion 00., there was a change in the enroll-.
meat; lhe'sale was the-1st of August; the
engineer reports to the chief-‘englneer and
not to me; thc'duty of thechief-engiueer if
the repairs are extensive is to take chaige;
minor repairs are attended, to by the engi-
neers of the bout; Mr. Pease was captain of
the Columbia for 90 days beginning the 15th
day of June; his duties as captain of Colum-
bia occupied him six hours a day; the Adel-
phi was not in New York at times when
Capt. Pense could examine her during that
90 days, except Sunday’s when Capt. Pease
would go on board; on Sunday’s they lay
shine by side, and he 'went from one to the
ot er.
_ JAMES Warson, _
Bridgeport; boiler maker for 38 ycar; learned
trade in Scotland ; been here since 1848 ;
most of the boilers I have made have been
high pressure; have occasionally made low
pressure boilers for steambats; have seen
the boiler of the Adelphi and examined the
exploded portion, and saw that it was very
thin all along the upper row of staybonlts
where it gave out; the- sheet that was fol-
ded back and the one below it were fair
iron; think the sheet grew thin because of a
movement at the point where it gave way;
the motion might have been prevented by a-
row of braces and a bar of-tea iron‘ along
the center of the sheet; in building a new
boiler if there occurred a flat:sheet 8 feet
long 30 inches wide, I would stay it all over;
if the sheet in the Adelpbl’s-boiler'was flat
I would stay If all over;»if it was crowning
one inch it would need no bracing; it’ it oh-
cled it would need no bracing; if I hadbeen
goirg to build a new boiler like the Adel.-
phi’s'I would not have put In another low
of braces,- and I would'have expected the
boiler to go along all right; have examined
the street directly opposite the exploded one
and it is braced and stayed in the same man ,
ner; that sheet is grooving at the same place;
it would only be a question of time before
it would go the same as the other; never saw
a boiler go as this has gone; after seeing
would put in'nii‘ex’tra rewof braces; have
worked'in' New York 5 your-sand in Bridge-
port 25 years; have built boilers for steam-
boats. tugboats and gunbo‘ats; never saw
our built a boiler like this; it is called a
”lobster buck boiler ;” when a boiler shows.
a leak look'for the cause of the leak; if
that leak had been shown me i, as a boiler
maker, would hammer around the spot;
would not have examined the boiler inside,
but ascertained its extent by hammering
outside; if in pulling on the patch
I had found the iron thin I would have
notified the engineer, or'used my own judg-
ment; below the patch the 'iron was fair
thickness; on the upper edge of the patch
there was no iron scarcely; Iron originally
of fair quality; in drilling the holes the
boiler maker could see he was going through
thin iron; he could put a hole through the
upper part with a drift pin, and he could
see that the holler was unsafe under steam
with the patch on; he couldn’t put the patch
on without seeing that the place wag weak;
the patch wasn’t put up at all as boiler
maker would have done it; if he knew
enough he hada warning that the boiler
would explode; a boiler maker would do the
work as be was told; the engineer tells him
what to do and he clues it, he wouldn’t say
an Ihlng about the liability of the boiler to
ex lodr; (photograph shown) boiler maker
could not put on such a patch without
knowing that the sheet was but! til ‘uoth ends
of the patch; would not do it without fol-
lowing along until found solid Iron; a boiler
maker could not put on that :patcb‘ without
knowing anything of the condition of the
boiler; he might know that it was bad all
along, and be told to keep his mouth shut;
a competent boiler maker could not put on
such without knowing that the boiler was
dangerouk; it wasn’t the work of a comps.
lent boiler maker to put an that patch; think
the boiler maker knew the boiler was liable
to go up; a competent boiler maker knows
that a dangerous boiler is apt to explode;
not a member of any boiler makers} associa-
tion; was in 1852- the condition of the boiler
depeuusupon its net; it appears to be from
three to five years of age.
Jonx Comma.
Norwalli. mechanical engineer, commenced
his (rude 18 years ago; am at present boiler
inspector for the 4th Congressional District;
from 1864 to '68 was an engineer-in the
navy; _buve examined tho bmler of the
Adelpblsince the explosion; noticed that
there was a little defection in‘ all the- crown
sheets; most in the middle'one; might have
been caused by scale‘ accumulating on it
and heat,could not drop withom Overheut or
pressure on it; could not have dropped
sluge the explosion, supposing the water to
have been all blown out; examined the ex-
ploded portion of the boiler, and found it
very thin along the-upper line of stay bolts;
in some places not over a sixteenth of an
inch thick; should say thatibe cause of the
groavingllbere was constant overpressure;
I mean more pressure than than the boiler
Could curry, regardless of the amount
allowed ; braces might have prevented the
grooving; If I was inspecting a boner don’t
think I would look or braces along that
line of stay bolts; but had Iseen the pitches
along that line I wbuld have sounded with a
bummer around its vicinity, and examined
braces; should have expected a weak line
there; Ivshollld have gonein'side and seen
the actual condition of the boiler; think
that any intelligent inspector could' not have
mistaken that there was grooving going on,
and knew what repairs to have ordered;
my candId opinion of official inspections as
they are generally conducted is that they
are not properly done; the proper strain to
put upon that boiler when it was new should
never have exceeded 30 lbs. to the square
inch; Iwouldn’t have given a certificate
‘for more than ltd; never knew a boiler to ex-
palm: llke' this; never saw one exactly
1 cl .
FRIDAY.
0. W. Laconur
wishing to explain testimony previously
given said: I stated to thejurles that I knew
the thin place in the boiler could be detected
with a hammer, but on thinking the matter
over I find one difiiculty in the. way of that,
the point of fracture was about 9 inches .
above the lower part of the deck beam; the
deck beam was about 9 inches from the
boiler; between the declaieam and the boil-
er was a feed pipe; therefqre you will see
that a man could not get into that place and-
give sufficient blows with a hammer to have
done execution; ‘man should have bad 18
inches space; I came to think of this and.
neglected it before because I was sent down
by the jury to examine the other side and I
could not get at it from the outside; this
.narrow space might also account for the un-
workmanlike manner in which the patch
was put on; did not look for fusible plug In
the‘bciler; I consider them a humbug any-
how ; the. boiler was single riveted-where
the exploslon took place; only observed the
the explosion; can’t remember seeing the,
patches; don’t remember making more care- .
decided to put,in old ones; befo‘ro'giving-
J‘p‘il‘ri‘r‘t’i‘o’u iii.
no recommendations as to alterationsrofboiler; a
.replace the dull, faded tints that have been
.brown will be much worn in the street this
‘plaited skirts and half-long, half-fitting
NORWALKCONNECTICUT TUESDAY OCToBE'R .8: j1'8‘78-
riviling at that point; the seam that let go
was a longitudinal seam, and single riveted;
do not believe in single riviting one place
and double riveting another; have seen
stenmboals more cramped for room than the
Adelphi in that place; conSIdering the
cramped space the only way to have got at
that placeto have done a perfectjob in put-
ting on the patch was to have cut through.
the deck; in this I am judging from the
other side; I think the boiler leaked where
patched after the patch was put on; when
'I first went on board the boat last Saturday
afternoon I found a broad streak 'of salt
on the boilor extending down to the check
valve; extended whole length of the patch
and beyond, both ways; about 20 minutes
before the explosion I suppose the leak took
place; there was a great deal more salt op-
posite the check valve than above it; it
might have been 2) minutes or two days,
but should think it broke out Saturday
morning, considering that the habit was to
fill the boiler at this dock and supply the
waste down and back with salt. [Here
eVIdcnce was taken of oilcr and fireman to
r
er to the blow on pipe; after the fire at started it
would be thoroughly mixed and be is fresh where
the blow out occurred as anywhere; after the boiler
is filled most of the most brackish water would be
where the usge glass is located; the holler exploded
six inches slow the crown sheet; it would take a
leakage of from two to three weeks to form a cake
of salt five-clghths of an inch thick. '
Jonx Corr-I'm
Recalled. Have examined the boiler of the Adel hi
since last testimony; made a thorough and critilital
examination; looked for a fusible lu but did not
find it; looked for it most particular y n the front
connection, where it is usual to find them; the boiler
is single and double riveted; most of thelongltndin-
ul seams are single riveted; some are double riveted;
In answering question, Are longitudinal-seams rivet.
ted, should say no; tested the steam gauge, and as it
stands now it is substantially correct, but is not in
good working condition; it is dull, not as sensitive
as-it should be, cos b fits and starts; if the full
pressure in the oller ad been 35 ounds for 10
minutes the gauge would be liahlc to show 35
pounds, if by any cause steam should rise to 36 or
36% pounds suddenly the gauge would not humedl
ately indicate it' when the gauge indicated about 30
pounda, the bar: end of _poiuter struck the dial,
which would account for Its being slow at that point
and upwards; don’t thi_nk.this could have been.
caused by the explosion-might probably have been;
.the luggin of the inter might have been‘the effect
of the ex osion;a l circumstances considered don‘t
think t c explosion caused the difficulty
the gauge. Saw two soft patches
on the front connection which were exposed to di—
rect heat of furnace; soft patch ,not intended for a
permanent JOb' It might have been justifiable to put
on such a patch In running from one on to anoth-
er, or for a trip from New York to orwalk; per-
haps for a week;_thiuk an inspector in making a
careful examination of the boiler could not halfe
passed the weak line without detecting it; to have
made the boiler of proper thickness to have stood
40 lbs. pressure, the shell being 9% feet, it should
have'been three-fights of an inch thick; a. 1:2 inch
shell should have can x inch thick; at 12 feet shell,
five—sixteenths inch iron, tensile strength 50,003 lbs
safety factor 6, should not be subjected ton ressnrc
of over 231bs., accordin to the English - card of
Trade; Haswell, an ac nowledged authority on
.steam, holds substantially the arms opinion; au-
thorities are ugrecd upon this point; boiler would
have been fairly safe under a pressure of m or 23
lbs.; have never stated that such a boiler would not
be safe under any dpressure; a .good factory boiler,
properly made an well taken care of, using fresh
water, would last 20 years; if this boiler had been
subjected only to 2'2 bs. pressure, used as it was,
would have been safe to use for 5 years; this boiler
only lasted 3_ years because it was overworked—the
two patches In .the_ front connection are not in good
condition; indication of leak around them. '
R. ConsnLL'WuIrE (Rummy)
First made the acquaintance of the ' ‘
,the year ’66 or ’67 , her name at that tiondggglltli:
City of Albany; name changed at the time she was
sold. by the government, several years after the war-
David D. Smith I think purchased her. and I charI
tercd her from Mr. Smith - she was in New York
every da when I chartered hcr in '77. making daily
trips to ingston; went on board twice I thiIIk be—
fore I chartered her; examined her her carefully to
see how she would .meet the requirements of the
Norwalk route; Inquircd about her speed, they "ave
me a comparative answer, comparing her tobthc
Christina; converscd principally withD. D. Smith
and his nephew John Smith; examined the strenr'th
of the hull, that being the only different requii'e-
ment on the two routes; think in general sense er—
amincd the machinery; David and John Siniih
recommended in reward to the boiler ; that? spoke of
the age of the box er; the Christina‘s b6iler was 4
years old, this puc had been run about two years '
took the Adelphr because her boiler vvas very nearly
new; they did not recommend any additions or re-
parrs to the boiler; the charter called for the owners
to make all the repairs on boiler. and amines and'
to bu responsible for any accident to orby eliher'
don t think they made an repairs ; boat began runZ
hing to Norwalk J nnc th, 1877; she was laid up
for repairs about two weeks after she was hauled off
the North River until she began running here -' was
not hauled ottflhflstfoute at ullgtill the end '0’: the
. . 1110. none. n '
iigve. the boiler lugggcxt‘gd‘i‘lg "Win up.
owners of the boat’s business to deliver
ready to use ; In 1878, when the old inspector’s cer-
tificate was about to, expire, -1 think our custom
house broker, Issac Gregg, made application for
the new Inspection ; knew nothing about it until the
in”; etlou was over; then I saw Mr. Blake on the
doc _, ‘and he said “you have got a splendid boiler
here; did not appear at all ironlcnl in what he said -
don t know whether he inspected it the year before:
did not know Mr. Bluks_nntil he spoke to me; know;
what the U. S. law pow 15 about the pressure allow-
ed on a b.0319? being one sixth of its tensile
strength; the law was slow in' oing into ef-
fect outside of the city as it id not apply
to borlers in use or being built; only
to new borlcrs: until within a few months ago, I
thought I could tell the strength of iron without
testln it; while Mr. Low was testing iron in the
post 0. ice hulldlng,_and In. course of general con-
versation, It was said that Iron could be so rolled as
to have the external appearance of strchgth ands till
he very weak Ellie impression I got was the necessi-
ty of tastln t e iron to ascertain its actual strength;
don t think could figure accurately the strain that
was brought on each square inch of the iron of the
honor on the Adelpbl under a pressure of 40 lbs ; the
strength of boilers was a matter of common con—
versat‘onin the office, but don’t think it was over
not 81 y figured about the strength of any Of our
hm ers; we rest entirely upon the pressure applied
by the Inspector; Mr. Posse examined the machin—
ery of the Adelphi before I chartered her; he made
her to me
few days after she was put on the route I came u l '
ontho Adelphi to see how she would answer the Hi-
mroments of the route ; couldn‘t say positively
t at Mr. Peasc went over the mute within two
weeks after she began running, but think he went
from Market street tom street several times; we
had no central Of the engineer in 1877; he was un—.
do; the owners direction” but We paid him; came
up again wrtbln a month With no particular refer-
ence to whether she was going to answer or not;
the first tune I made the trip was particular to ob-
serve the action of be bout, otc.; my impressions
were entirely favors a, she ran steadily and the en;
gine worked smoothly; speed,was entirely satisfac-
Will: so much so that we thought of alterinor the
time so as to leave New York 15 minnteslateriut a
low tide demonstrated it would not be advisable;
Mr. Blake told me I think, at the last inspection
that he had made a suggestion to the engineer in re—
lation to alteration in steam chimney; Mr. Eddison
Lowe l3 a cautious man; popular with steamboat
men : If he was inspecting a boiler and you wanted
50 lbs. and he thought 40 lbs. was enough, you
couldn’t get 40 1-10 1135,; he wouldn’t consider your
wants at all; Mr. Lowe would fix a lower pressure
on a bullet; than any one else thatl know ; there
are other, Inspectors who are not as cautious as Mr.
Lowe; before we took the boat her inspection cer—
tificate was shown us; can‘t run the boat after the
Inspection expires; notice from inspection office is
generally lven to ofilcers of boat when inspection
will be ma 9. ,
2:: -
Worth tells me that red is to be extremely
fashionable for evening dress wear during the
coming season. Vivid rich hues will, in fact,
in fashion for so long. Ladies must look up
the moire antique and watered silks of their
mothers as well the brocades of their grand-
mothers, since those materials arc coming
into fashion again. Satins and velvets will
be largely used for evenings dress, moire an-
tique and watered silk, trimmed with velvet
or satin, for dinner or reception dresses, and
clorth or cashmere in dark colors, trimmed
with dull tinted brocades, for street wear.
'Plaids have had their day, and are making
their appearance in the ' cheap shops. Suits
of silk and cashmere are no longer considered
stylish, as street costumes are now to be com-
posed of one material throughout. Dark
year, as it combines so well with the brocades
that are . now used for trimming. Kilt-
jackets, will be fashionable for walk-
ing dresses.— Lucy Hooper’s Pan‘s let-
ter. . :
With October comesa number of impor-
tant elections. Colorado chose, yestcnday.
State officers and a legislature and deCIded
the politics of a new United States Senator.
Georgia holds an election to day; on. the
8th, elections are held in. Virginia, Indiana,
Ohio and Iowa, and during the’first few days
in November there _ are to be election in
Mississippi; Connecticut,‘Delaw_are, Florida,
Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan, Minne-
sota, Missouri, ' Nebraska, Nevada, New
J ersey, New York, North Carolina, Penn-
sylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas
and Wisconsin. - _ , _ ‘
=22:
A railway across Newfoundland is project-
ed. American and' British capitalists have
joined hands inthe enterprise, and the legis-
lative assembly has offered an annual subsidy
of $120,000 to an company that will go on
with the work. With this 'road- completed
and railway communication established over
New Brunswick, Cape‘ Breton Island and
on into Maine, the Californian,'longing fora
trip toEurope, might go by rail across conti.
nent to St. John’s, and from there ferry over
to Queenstown. And ferry-boats mi ht take-
on board the original San 1‘ rancisco rawin g
room oars, making an all rail trip 'of ,it. in-
vention has not reached the end .of its' rope
by any means. ' ‘ ‘
, .
Pres. Hayes and wife visited-New York
show that the boiler was freshened chry ” ' ‘ one year-With Paper - - - 15 00
nIght, so as to be drinkable]. Mr. Lecount Two‘ “ “ ‘-‘ “ “ - - - 2500-
hi“ _ ihelih trlecalled and gave it as Three“ ‘-‘ “ “ “ - - - - 3000
S 0pm on a t e patch had been leakin from 10 . - * . - -
minutes to half an hour; should think the gwater in Quarterof aColurnn, one time, 5 00
the boxlcr was reduced in the boiler about four— Oncquartercolumn, one year, ' ' - - ' 50 00
palltrhséegpeopattler druun flronfi-tgc guage glass was n 0119113“ 00111111111 one timer ' ' ' ‘ ' 1 ° 00
e we or n 0 er' the water in the
boilerbefore bein freshened ‘woulii be twice as salt One half Column, one year, ------ 80 0'0
as Sound water; t ere would be a stream of fresh Fallow-“m“, one time, """" 2° 00
water in filling theboilc running through theboil; FullOolumn. one your. - -~ ----- 15Wl
it was the Out 133111..
All work cxcutcd in the Best Manner, at my office
Perfumcr ,Patent Medicines, all kinds Mineral
and Handkerchief‘Extmcss, Hair Brushes,Combs,‘
Sponges,clram01s5kins, Stationery. Cigars, Sc”
and Is constantly addingto his stock all the new
and popularmedicines ofthc any.
Capital and Assets,
adoptedto thchazard andcousistcnt with the laws
of compensatlon.
,uonwALK GAZETTE,
PllILISIIEIEVEBYI’IIESIIAf. lolllll.
The Second Olden. Paper In the State.
OFFICE IN GAZETTE B UILDING .’
A. II. BYINGTON'SI. co.
A. II. Brrxoron, J .‘ B. Ears, G. N. Ears.
Subscription $2.00 per year, in advance.
Single Copies 5 Cents.
.__..____
Advertising Rates: '
OncSquurc,onc insertion, ....... 1 00
Per week, for continuance, ------- 5o
OncSquare,SixMonths,- . . . . . _. _ 700
One inch space constitutes a square.
Special Notices‘fi percent. advance onthe
above. ' ~
Local Notices in BeadingOolumns, 25
.Centsperlinc.
Yearly advertisers restricted to the business-
contemplatcd at the ti me of contract, butarcper-
mitted to make monthly on Ingcs of their adver-
tisements. I
Marriages and deaths inserted gratuitously.
Obituary or Funeral Notices 15 cts. per line.
All unusual cuts and devices 25 per cent. extra.
Hurlliutt, Relyea & Seymour,
limiters ail Counsellors at Law,
Room No. 4, [up staff-,1
‘ GAZETTE BUILDING.
ALEX, S. GIBSON,
Organist of the First Congregational Church .
Teacher of
Piano-Forte, Organ and Musical
.. Composition.
g Box 379 r. 0.. NORWAL‘K, CONN.
EDWARD T. PRITGIIARD,
(Late with A._(). Bell 56 00., New York,)
Fashionable Tailor tllrapii;
Dress Suits, $25 to $35. Business
Suits $18 to $25.
Corner Wall and Water Sts.,Norwalk, Conn. 24
G. S. 00MSTO0K, M. D.
Homoeopathic Physician.
Ofiiee and Residence. Cor. MAIN" STREET and
UNION AVENUE. Office hours 7 to 9 a. m., .12
to 1, and 5 to 7. Slate at Glover’s Grocery Store
All orders will be promptlyaltended. . 11m20 -
CHARLES .W. MANY,
Sm'gcon Dentist,
Nonwaur, CONN.
Office corner otMnin and Wall Streets. N Itrons-
Oxide Gas administered .
c. B. COOLIDGE,
~DENTIS'I'.
Successor to
Dr. Asa. ‘Hill,
3‘ G as administered foncxtracting teeth with-
DENTISTRY
A T HARD TIMES PRICES,
For Cash — No Credit 3
Corner of Main and Washington Streets,
SOUTH NORWALK, CONN.
. '1‘. E. SWIFT, D. D. S.
The Norwalk Fire Insurance 00.,
Has now completed its
18th Successful Business Your,
And has not outstandmg a Dollar of unpaid losses
or of claims for losses. ‘
In sum BBMPAIV lllSllllES A‘l’ lllWEll RATES.
WM. O.STBEET, Pres., s. E. OLMSTEAD, Treus.,
‘ .GEo. R. Cownns,Sec’y.
whales 5. Locxxvoon, _‘
Fashionable Draper and Tailor
i AND
GENTS’ FURNISHING EMPORIUM.
Main Street,Norwalk, Conn.
Enwann P. WEED,
D R U G- G- I S '.I‘ -
Wall Street,cppasitc Norwallc Opera House,
A large and well selected stock of
DRUGS AND MEDICINES,
Waters. loilet and Medicated Soups. Flavoring
’I‘NA INSURANCE Co. ofIIAR'l‘FORD.
Incorporated 1812. Charter Perpetual, '
$6,7l 6,893.77
Insuresaguinstlossand damage by Fire-,on terms
COWLES & MERRILL,
'Sole Agen tstor Norwalk and vicinity.
GEORGE H. RAYMOND,
Furnishing Undertaker,
No. 53 DIAIN S'TREETdUp Stairs.)
.B.. S. BLASCER
. At his store in
m ALLOR‘Y’B BLOCK,
hasconstuntly on hand, a general ussortmenf o
Groceries, crockery, Glass,
’Iin and Wooden Ware, Etc.
By devoting his eonstantpersonal attentionto the
busmess he hopesto merit public patronage
' Dr. (LII. Kendall & Son,
DENTISTS.
Arc now prepar-
ed to r e c c I v e
their patrons at
either Nor-walk
‘ Bridge or South
e
A
fifrr:
N orwalk.
senior partner
. has taken rooms
5: o v e r Selleck's
' ' - ' -. “ _: Bookstore Nor-
., .:‘;§."§ walk, while the
— ' junior retains
the old office. Lauder’s Block, South Norwalk.
Teeth extracted Without pain. and all dental ope-
rations performed at either office.
‘ C. H. KENDALL, M.D..
G. S. KENDALL, D. D. S.
P. S. Dr. 0.11. Kpndallwilldcvote Mondays to
Ridgellcld. -
w. a. uni NT II a D,
General. Fill‘llltlllllll Undertaker,
OPPOSITE HORSE B. B‘. DEPOT
Ia‘Ordersattended to day or night. Residenc
Main Street,3 doorsfrom Union Avenue.
new For tour warts Puss.
Wm. Glover' &' Son,-
Are ready to put in your'WATERSTEAM or GAS
; PIPE, at very short when and at as low a. rate as
an one. \VROUGHT AND CAST IRON, TIN-
Lli ED, LEAD PIPES, the" of every size and de-
scription. PLUMBING in all Its branches.
“w. 86 D. MITcerLL
fl
.. fl :0
Bus 26‘
a 0e :0
age: .9:
acacia-Sass
.9. 0- 3+0 :0
n45 .°“.:=5‘-’
e ail-1943.35
as“: no
9 “G'awfi
5ZE>=§ '-
.‘.¢= Gv-h
2‘3““ “3T6
2‘s: :E
D .3 =2
M ACHINI STS can obtain TYPE
METAL at the
cum
last week - '
Fourlinesor less, 1 insertion 50 cts.; 3 times 81 00 '
Superior Sheeingl
l
'J. (M. 7 POTTER,
Pianos, Organs,
llIclodeons, Sheetllfus'ic,&e.,
musrarr-r murmur, corn.
NEXT Doors to 5...»...sz BANK.
I keep a large stock of instruments on hand,
body can have a Piano or Organ.
SOLE AGENT FOR THE CELEBRATE”
WEBER‘S, STANLEY & SON S, ‘GROVI
ESTEEN & FULLER'S, HAINES
BROTHER’S, VASE & SON’S,
P I A N .o s ,
and will furnish at short notice. Call and
see them. ' .
OLD INSTRUMENTS.
Taken in Exchange for N ew. I
szing ' &' Ropairing
Done at short notice.
The Weber Piano.
'A few extracts from the. great. number re.
ceived by the most. eminent musicians in the
United. States. may not be inappropriate:
I have never seen a Piano which equals the
Weber Pianoforte. . Geo. 11} Bfistow
' The Weber Pian'o occupies justly the first
rank amongst the Best Pianos. J.‘1V. Pattz'son
The Weber Pianos cannot possibly be sur-
passed. ' _ S. B. Mills.
I used the Weber Grand Piano because I
consider it the best in the world. - "
Harry Sanderson.
The Weber Piano possesses everything that
can he wished for-in aPiano. G. W. Morgan.
The Weber Piano ranks foremost amongst
the best manufactured. William Mason.
The Weber Pianos stand first amongst the
splendid Pianos produced in this Country.
- Clara N. Bfinkerlwf.
A ten years’ experience satisfies ine that
the Weber Pianos are unapproachable.
‘ John Zundel.
I would call especial attention to
THE ESTY CUTTAGE' ORGAN
Beautiquy finished in black walnut and rose-
wood, combining more’ perfections than any
other in the world. 'Has taken more than ONE
HUNDRED AND FIFTY GOLD MEDALs AND
nms'r PREMIUMS, at Fairs and Exhibitions
throughout the United States. They are en-
dorsed by the highest musical authorities.
Certainly the best I ever heard. -
- . Geo. W. Morgan.
It is cocal, which is the highest praise that
can be bestowed on any instrument.- Geo. B.
Seymour, Musical Critic, N. Y. Times. '
They are the best reed instruments we have
met with—0. cf: .7; II. Odell, Organ Builders
It is the we plus ultra of res
—P'rof. E. 1}. Baker.
It contains sweetness and power in an un-
usual degree. —-Rev. Bishop bimpson, M. E.
Ohm-ch. , -
Punguage fails in adequacy to convey a
fan: idea of the perfect enchanting power of
this instrument—Independent.
Vastly superior to'anything of the kind I
have ever played upon.—. Wm. A. Kink)"
ago. 32w” mg," rgii‘nufrzl‘z’iclllfinifi i‘leQr'» ~
No tremulo has yet been invented that will
in any way comparelwith this for beauty of
effect— Wm. A. Johnson, Organ Builder.
It is not merely the best, but it is the only
mechanical reproduction of the human voice
which has ever satisfied ine—Ree. II. Riggs.
President of. Northern ZVew York Musical
Assocz’atzbn.‘
J. M. POTTER, Norwalk.
d . instruments.
Peter Guigue’s
BEAUTIFUL BOUQUETS
for sale by
H. M. .c '0. s. Prowttt.
Sore-Footed, Interfering, and Il-
Couditioned Horses
Perfectly Shed. !
T is notorious that more than half of the ruined
. and desirable horses are rendered so by the
Ignorance or carelessness of smiths in shoeing.
The subscriber makes a specialty of
HORSE SHOEING
and will guarantee to give satisfaction to all who
muy entrust him With their work, whether the
animals’ boots are in a ‘sound or unsound condi-
tion. Shop near I-lsrsc hallway Depot, Norwalk.
28tf CHARLES E. MILLER
Notice
1' IS hereby given to the people of
3,. Norwalk and vicinity that HORSE
. SIIOING will be done in first class
‘ style by WM. McCORMACK. None
but hand made Shoes used. Work done on most
reasonable terms, and particular attention paid to
Interfering and Over-reaching Horses at the old
stand of WM. AHERN, Mam Street, Norwalk.’
Look and See
HERE you can get your work done.
thing in the line of
W
.BLACKSMITHING
at short notice andas reasonable as any where in
town. Horse and Ox Shceing a specialty. Wheel
wrighting and Painting done by an experienced
workman. At the‘ old stand of Geo. Lloyd.
16
Any
GEO. W. lxNAPP. »'
.HOME AGAIN!
THE undersigned having bought out James
,Dougherty. at Capt. Lamb’s old stand, Main
Street, is prepared to contmuc the
BLACKSMITH AND REPAIRING
BUSINESS.
All work warranted first-class. Horse Shoeing a
specialty. ‘ 2 E. C. LLOYD.
18-78..
EVERYTHING
DOWN TO_ HARD PAN.
GROGFRIFS,
VEGETABLES, ’. .
FRESH FISH, . _ '
FRUITS, 850.,
AT‘THE .
.Vcry Lowest Market Rates.
plenishcd every day, with
Choicest Fruits, Best Vegetables,
and Sea Food. ‘
Goods delivered in any part of town. chvc your
orders freely with
Dcmmon (I; Newcomb,
'53 Main Street, Norwalk.
Humphrey’s Homeopathic Specifics.
- gartioular attention paid to Physicians Prescrip-
ons . .
AT
S. PrOwitt’s
and sell them on Monthly Instalrnents. Every- ' ‘
, A
. - ._ 1':me “.1...
to (Rasirablc partIcs a a ow ren .
A' full assortment constantly on hand, freshly rc- -
J VOL. Lille-NUMBER 41.
REAL ESTATE.
\I\/u\/\NWV\/\'rvvv We
To Rent.
Rhci‘inittfgi‘ridsii' riom October 1“.“- lioiomsAn‘n
-. oone ortwo am I es. -
' RUFUS E, RAYMOND, '
. Stamford, Conn.
‘NII
dress
35
Farm for Sale.
BOUT 12 to 13 acres within‘llé miles of center
, of'Norwalk. Good situation. good house.
built of best material and by days Work. . About
80 chaicc Apple trees WIth other fruit, good gur—
den, good well of water, and finesh‘adc‘ trees. Just
the place for a man wishing toraise Strawberries,
ctc. Price 37,000. Enquire at this Oflicc. ‘
To Rent.
LF of a House, four rooms, right in the cen-
ter of the village. Enqmre at this OFFICE.
HA
‘TOBE '.I'O MEIR—N0. 51 Main Street. En-
vo—(Slmre of HARVEY FITCH,or E. K. LOCK .
,
.u
03
‘- For Sale'Cheap. —
A VALUABLE manufacturing property. 'Fonn-
, dry and Machine shop,.for Mann and Sta-
tionary En no work or general Machinery. _ hit-
uated on W arf. Has also Rail Road connectIons.
Terms reasonable. ' E. HILL, Trustee.
27 > South N orwalk. Conn.
For Rent very Low.
NEATLY and Newly Furnished lo-Room Cot-
. _ tuge,_w1th all modern Improvements eligibly
situated In the Borough of N orwalk, would be
rented for balance of season,for 850 per month.
- Trees ample groan an well ofhest water. the.
‘ Inqnii'e at office oonawg’fitGAzmrn.
3123
TO: Rent.
The First Floor of a'Dwelling House. with
kitchen,basemenf, etc. Apply to
n. L. ELLs.
For Sale.
A cosy comfortable Cottage on one of thepleas-
antcst streets in town, within five minutes
walk of the Bridge or Churches. will be sold at
cost price. A portion of the purchase money can ~
remain on bond and mortgage. Price 36.000. En-
quire at this Office.
Wanted.
HREE SMALL FARMS IN THE VICINITY -
OF NORWALK. -
Three Residences f'orsalc cheap.
For particulars on mm of
' J. 8. RA. BALL, 1’, O. Box 68,
16 N orwalk, Conn.
A Desirable. Homestead for Sale.
THE valuable residence '.of‘ the subscriber,
.. pleasantly located on high ground on least
Ave., in the Borough of Norwal , is offered for
sale. 'The srtunuon “pleasant and healthy, com-
mandingfinc vxews of ong Island Sound and the
surrounuIng country. Distanceone mile from
-Norwalk Bnd e. and the same from South N015.
walk depotg 0115:; 54x50; two stories and little,
filled . In With brick, and pubstantially'. built.
Rooms 18, With all. modern improvements, bath
room, laundry, stationary tubs, eebee’s cooking
range, hot and cold. water, gas throughout the
house. _The census dry, having stationary furn-'
ace, winch heats the whole house. The attic Is
spacious, and roof formed. The house is in excel-
lent orderbein g comfortable for both a summer or ,
winter residence. Suitable for any gentleman do—
Ing business in New York and returning the same ‘
day.. Land about three-quarters ofan acre; laid
out In lawn. fruit trees, and garden spot. A ply
to JAMES MITCHELL; Real Estate Agent, Ror-
walk, or to the subscriber, -,
- A. S. HAMERSLEY,
26tf 255 Fourth Avenue, N. Y
For Sale.
A Rare Chance.
A House, Barn, good Mill~ritc and fifty acres
ot‘land well proportioned in Meadow, Pasture
and Woodland: also.twenty-two acres of wood-
land nll situated at; the head of ' the Borough
Reservoir in the town of New Canaan, for sale
atabargain. Inquire of Dimon Finch. Georgc- '
town, Ct.,.lamcs Mitchell or J. Belden Hurlbntt,
Norwalk, Ct. fitf
Norwalk, 10th day of J nne 1878.
FARMS» 17012 SALE.
Enqmcoilas. Gems’rock,
_ New Canaan, Conn.
To Let.
Two Nicely Furnished Houses.
ONE a Cottage, neatly furnished, with Hot and
. Cold'Wa'ter, Bath, dc. Thcother richly fur-
nis‘hed, wxll be rentud tunartieswitbout children
ll.
nqmre
GAZETTE OFFICE.
For Sale Cheap,
Or Exchange for other property,
One of the neates‘tmnd cosiest little Cottages in
the Borough. Will sell to a good tenant for little
%&8(émoncy down. Enquire at GAZETTE 0F-
Desrrable Property for sale.
A Ver ydesirable place on EastAvenue.
Also, a few choice BuildingLots situated on
Osborn Avenue, forsale cheap. .
Also, a nicely located" House and Lot on Mer-
win Street near West Avenue, for sale at a bar-
gain. Enqmreoi
er. ossorm. EastAvenue,
cm or to D.’W.FITCH, “TestA‘venue.
F or- Sale:
. —:- . A House and Lot. in a healthylocation on
E FairStreet, above Catharine. . The House is
- nearly new. Well anlt.convenientlyarrang-
ed, and will a a comfortable and leasunt
home fonafamrly of average size. The of: runs
back to the river. There Is awell of excellent
water on the place, and Borough water inthc
Street. Price low, and part of the money can re- .
mum on mortgage. A fine chance to secures.
home. Apply at GAZETTE OFFICE. 33“
' FOR SALE. ‘
W0 verydesirableBnildingLotson WestMain
Street . Apply at theGAZETTE OFFICE .
An Old Egtablished Business
FOR SALE.
T
EE subscriber wishing to change his business
will sell his Stock in ’Irade. Tools,Good Will.
- and everything pertaining to the business, which .
has been established 25 years. Also the
corner Wall and Mechanic Sreets.
Norwalk, Feb. 25th, 1878. ‘ ' '
(31430., F. BELDEN.
‘ Jamaal. Honnecker,
' FOOT or rum. HILL;-
Bread,Rolls.Piés, Cakes,0rullers, &c.,bakcd
fresh everyday. Everything made out of good
matarralsmnd bycarefulaml competen tworkmen
TryourBakno. . - '
GET THE BEST. .. ‘
property
Webster’s Unabridged.
3000- Engraving” ~l 8'40'Pagen anal-to.
ROUE BASES CQLOBED PLATES.
Published by G. a; Clinics-Ham, Springfield,
ass.
Warmly mdorsed by
Bancroft, Prescott.
Motchy, George P. Marsh,
Fitz- reene Halleck, John G. Whittier,
Nah Willis. John G. Saxe,
_ hlIhu Burrltt,. _ . Daniel Webster,
Rufus Choute, - H. Coleridge,
Smart, Horace Mann,
_ More than fifty .College Presidents,
And thebest American and European Scholars.
ebstcr"‘is the Dictionary used in the Govern-
ment Printing Ofiice.” August 1877. . _
Every School and ‘amily should have It for con
stant use and reference. ,. _
Best FAMILY help In training chddren to become
intelligent men and women. '
Several years later. and has one-fifth more mat-
ter. than any other Dictionary. » -
The an thorized nulhority in Courts of J usliec,
for the meaning of_words.'
Etymologies and deflnItions far in advance of
any other DIctionary. , -
Recommended by U. S. Chief Justice Waite, as
"the highest authority for definitions.“ '
THE BEST
or _Scliools,—recommendedby State Supt’s of
3.) different States and by50 College Pres’ts.
bodt 32,000 have been placed in Public
Schools by law or by School Officers. .
Contains 3 000 Illustrations, nearly three times
as many as any other DIctionary. .
Vllhree pictures of a_ ship, on page 1751, illustrate
the meaning of more than 100 words.
ale of Webster is 20 times as great as that of
any other series of DIctIonarIes _
.ALSO -
Webster’s N am Pictorial Dictionary
1 040 Pages Octavo. 600 Engnvlngs.
ls it not rightly claimed that WEBSTER is
THE NATIONAL STANDARD.
Billllcails
Gazette Job Primingc‘ 0E“,
\ ‘IIOMOS&CO
Norwalk Chronicler