WALK ~GAZET"‘
UESDAY MORNING BY
11 I Ilisulm EVERvT
loom—1049mm SERIES,
' ' NORWALK,
CONN.
A. H. BYINGTON a 00.,
g gaudy illwapapo, floated in gland items and gallons, (drum! gallium“, filltmlltt, goblin.
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1868.
gglimltm, altruism, &f.--:®5lllhll5lltil in lliflll.
' ' VOLUME
LI--N UMBER 7.
»»»»»»» ,__ .. .---...____~__~__._ __ -__.__ __ _- __ 7,
um, my on...
Assets over $23,000,000.
GEO. R. COWLES,
.S AGENT at Norwalk, and issues Policies for the
for the following Insurance Companies.
NORWALK GAZETTE ,
micro-COMM Paper in in State.
. .. gonzo, $313.” Assets Jan.1st, ’64, $3,286,270
‘ , un,,o in on “ “ " “ 3,128.820
~- OFFICEIN GAZETTE'BUILDING- Phoenix, ofN. 1:: .. .. 722.219
,, ‘ ‘ - _-_.,_.. gome, sifNJIq ‘* " " ‘* 500,000
OI'WIC L o. a. r. or 390,501
A. E. DYINGTOF C 00. 1133:1113 N. Y., H .. u u .. 389,375
. ‘ ' * ‘ o merican t'd “ -“ t‘ “ 384,010
A . a. vao'rou, J- B. Enos, 0. N- ml“- City of New Haven. “ u c u $0,419
‘ ' -, . 7“ 72—06_ ~-'—-‘—_—m—advauce %ercthant;i Hartpfrilrd, . “ “ “ " 301,443
. ., subscription . per year es ern asst, ttsficld, .. “ 236,424
. . - Ham cn,Sprln eld “ “ “ : 5300,
_ 311131.“ com-8’: 5 c0918. Peop e’s, Worcesgtil‘cr, ’ “ “ “ " 405,593
andother Companies, Stock and Mutrral, in Connecti-
cut. Massachusetts and New York, with assets of
$13,000,000. ,At So. Norwalk, application nlay be
made to WM. T. CRAW.
APYFFHl-itmfi 34m.
,. “ppm lines or less, {insertion 50 cts. 8 times, $1.25
. one square. one'msertion,
Pet week, foricontinltlfllce, 7
t e, s x mun , . .
:'.'.'.° "his! one yogi-3.61m paper, :2 Temperance Billing Saloon.
“firwo. ‘ .1 u . “7 u' .1 3’: AT THE OLD SPRING STAND.
”‘9 7'3"” “311m“ °'.‘.° "6?." 3- JULIUS r. PARTRICK, having taken the above So-
we I" ‘ 1W“. recently kept by Mr. Chas. II. Byxbee. is now
repared to furnish hot meals. at all reasonable
ours. Oysters Stewed, Roasted. Fried, or on the
shell; Families or Parties supplied; also, shipped
Fall Column, one year, 125. _
' 8 lat Notices 25 per cent advance on the above. .
‘ Niggfili‘idvéitisers restricted to the. business con
' symmetric thetim‘c ofcontract. but are permitted in kegs to all arts 0“,“, countrv. -
‘ to make monthly changes of their “V" . Home made les and Cake constantly' on hand.
. One inch space .6011“ tutud'fgqnai‘lemansient ad- Ale drawn fresh from barrel—no poisonous lend pipe
~Advancepaymentrecall? 0“ ‘ . . .- ‘ used No Liquors kept.
cacti-Silents. ~ ' , ‘5 Saloon 0 on from 6 s. m., to 11 o‘clock p. m.
,filllrtfl 0" I Column, one time, 10' Closed on undays) Private Dining Room for Lu-
, Filll‘Colggin ogzuimgo. 0- 30: ies, entrance under JJ‘. Bennett s Store. Gent‘s
.u Marriages ' and Deaths inserted gratuitoual . entrance under Carter 5 Shoe Store. lo
Obituary, Funeral and all other special notices 6
cont- r line.
All c‘d‘mmunications inserted as reading matter de-
ed to romote rivate interests 815 per half.
#88 per full colqun. All unusual cuts or devices,
as per cent’extrg. '-
usulsss manor-our.
_.-. ."_f\_’\/\A_r\4-\A
Greceriea Cheaper than ever
' r. 0. 3' 0 AS I: 1
THE subscriccr would inform the public generally.
that he still continues to sell the best of Grocer-
ies, Provisions. etc., at his old stand, No. 4 Sklddy‘s
Block, as cheap as the cheapest, He offers great in
duccments to cash buyers, as he' has as large an as-
sortment of groceries of the best qualities as can be
found at any store In the country. We would invite
the special attention of all to his stock of
COFFEES, TEAS AND SUGARS,
which are of the very best quality,nnd will be sold cheap.
The public are invited to call and examine and judge
or themselves. A. MOREHOUSE.
ALEX. S. GIBSON,
,: (Organist of the First Congregational'fidhurcho
(I CHER of‘the Plano son's. 0min alm‘llo—
' are“. Coxsosrrrox, Box 3‘19 P. 0. Norwalk,-
“ HOME AGAIN. ”
COAL! COAL !! COA‘L!
AT
Steamboat Dock,
SOUTH: NORAVALI‘Z.
HE subscribe having rcsumcd his old business as
above, is prepared to furnish the public with a
better article of COAL, than has ever before been
offered, and at tile lowest possible rnfcs. Also,
WOOD,
[18] DAVID II. WEBB.
.CAIIII.
. .L‘irculars containing information as to terms, to.
m be obtained at Mr. Selleck's Bookstore.
Lilia'Ordera for tuningfi with m- Gibson will
he executed by a first class New York mocha
- "TSRAEL‘ M. BULLOCK.
30mm 1t douusellurulialn.
OFFICE: No. 0 Gazette Building.
LEWIS F. BEERS,
,,,_gttnlucg at gm.
Orrrca Over Sword‘a Clothing Starr,
scorn N'onwamr. cons.
V
V
of all descriptions.
annual
Double root-Power rump.
Patented Aug. 9th 1864 Ida-issued Jan. 1, 1865
The best recommendation forlabor-s‘aving machines
in this age of inventions is that they prove well.
This machine umps from 16 to 32 gallons per
minute, they are s mple,durshle, work very easy, and
do not freeze. Being made of wood they are not ll-
able to corrode, rust. or in any wa impart an un-
pleasant davor; and can be repairc at a trifling ex-
se.‘ Samples of this Pump can be seen at the fol-
lowintr places; South Norwnlk Planing Mill; near
the Note] in_ Westport; at E. R3 mond’s lace,-
Cranberry Plam,and at Cyrus Morgan at North llton,
Manufactured and sold by ,
Z. M. COMSTOCK, South Norwalk.
All orders romptl attended to when accompa-:
nied by the epth‘o the well, measu’ringfrom the‘
platform down.
A SWORDS’
Circulating library.
AT the News Depot. South Norwalk. The sub-
t ng
jar. William A. Lockwood,
RIERLY House Surgeon and House Physician
. in .Bellevne Hos ital New. 193.01 -. Qflce
over 03:,Gramau‘s ry s’Store. ~ hours
‘ from 9 to 10 a. m., from 3:0 4 and from '1 to 8 p. m_
Business 2—Dr. W. H. Dvrsper. P ician to
o'w‘YorkCity IIos ital; Dr. J. . 8. Gen ey, Prof.
c I. Paylor. an Prof; Lewis A. SayI Physi-
cians and‘Su'rgcons to Bellevue Hospital, . . City.
Removal.
DR. MOSMAN
Has removed his office and residence» to the House
" (crmuly occupied by C. J. Gruman, opposite the ad
I. E. Church. 001cc hours,till 0 o‘clock, I. m., and'
from 1 to 3 o‘clock. p. m. ' m5
' in... can be found at u. u. Baker‘s store; South
"p, _.
scriber has made lar e additions to his Clrcula~
Library and lnvitest o patronage'ol‘ the pub-
lic ;he intends toincrease the number of books' as
’ fast as the enter rise will warrant. He has also I
constantly on no a good assortment of Stationery,
Books, Papers, School Books, Slates. Pencils. Pens, ‘
Pocket Books, &c. The atronuge of the public is
solicited. A. S_ _ wRDS, South Norwalk.
I orwnlk.
NATHAN .S- ROBERTSJL D.,
PBYSlCIAN AND SURGEON,
' SE Smoau‘s iiaru REs'ronA'rrvn.
Sofdhy. ‘UHLE, BROS. Norwalk.
Norwaik Machine Shop.
, s
lain Street, next door to Byxbce's Hotel,
V «'03 " South Norwalk, Ct' subscriber would respectfully inform Manufac-
- ‘ turers and others using Machinery, in Norwalk
_ 2:10 ivicinity, that he is reparfid to (killall‘éhings per-
. in rig to a genera me no 5 o . o crs for t 10
" Patent A‘enOY' making or repairing of every desgription of Machinery
attended to with Jimmptucss by experienced work-
r
W31” ‘ IN E’ men.‘ Having ad ed a Steam Ellwine (ill addition to
. l
‘ I ”l. . ' ' water power to his works he attcrs himself heis uatedo )0:ll0ll10E isco :llClllll'Cli, audcxtcndinw
.' I ,3 Agent .mdBOhOItOP of P3331339 well 9’09““ ‘0 do all kinds or work at "NY 3110” to thep nilroud nglot :17 near the Schools and
' '1‘": If; I“ l :5 l vi . ’ notlcc._ . ISA§0 CHURCH- JR- ”Churches. F‘illcst Building Locations ill the town.
MECHANICAL DRA UGIITSMAN Machine Shop JllEt back of the l ost omoo and Horse For pamumm enquire 0“ F. BELImN,
f: :5 -.j .-.. : . . axn Rallway Blllldlng. , 11 Elmo-2 Norwallr, Ct.
MODEL MA K E R “I .
1 't Winni auk Norwalk Conn ’ ate] bury & Duncan, To Whom It may concern!
, ' " P ' " ‘ . Rah of Norwalk Horse Railway Depot, are ROM and after J anuery 1st, 1868. I. M. BULLOCK,
. know prepared to execute in the best man-
ner and with the greatest dispatch, everything in the
line of ;
Carriage-making and filacksmz'thing,
Carriages made to order, and Painting. Trimming
Repairing, &.c.. done by estperienced workmen, with
dis atch’.‘
é‘cood Carringctilnber taken in exchange for
wor '.
GMBIAQE matinee
‘ HorseShoeing dz Black-smithing.
LYON, AHERN, & 00.,
OULD announce to the public that they have la-
kcu the old stand of Ca t. Henry Lamb. Main
Street, where they are prepar to execute in the best
manner and greatest dispatch unytllinn in the above
line. Carriages made to order, and fiorse Shoeinn,
Painting, Tr mmin ,chairing. &c., done by expel -
'enccd \vurkmen wit dis ;atch. 1y114
AUGUSTUS LYON, War. AIIERN, CHAS. Fox.
Notice.
"‘HE subscriber having purchased the CLOTHING
.a. and GENTS FURNISHING EMPORIUM, of A.
Kmprel, will continue the Business ill all its branches
at the old stand, No. SMain Street, Nor-walk.
. The public are respectfully invited to call and exam-
ine the large and varied assortment of ,
Ready Made Clothing,
FRENCH CLOTHS, CASSIMERES and VESTINGS,
whlch he will make up to order at short notice and in
the latest fashionable style. E. GUSOWSKI,
1319 No. 3 Main Street.
' ammo snooty. ll
0
lilililM-lll'l'l
NEW YORK HOUSE. h
0- 0- KEELER & BROTHER.
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
Groceries, Flour, Feed, &c.,
12. 14 and 16 Main St, Norwalk, Conn.
.llvaoND c KNAPP,
sonar
Keyser’s Hot Air Furnaces, Stoves
“ and Ranges.
No 4 James 9 Building, Norlvalk, Conn.
'. ”saunas corms,
museum. TAILOR.
.QURTIB'B BUILDING Main Street.
Coats and Youfh‘s Clothing cut and made to or-
at short notice, of the best materials, in the la-
toat llylel by experienced workmen, and at rea-
ms; soot... .. , --
——;_
--; -, Removal.
0 0 3 1' w A I. I. ’ S
PASHIONABLE MERCHANT
”F'l'alllll’ilit‘, Estahllsment-
Has heon'vrémoved to Raymond’s Blinding, Nil"
Street, where l
"-3 READY MADE CLOTHING
' ' AND
FU RNISHING GOODS.
Gentle had in great variety, and of excellent quality.
G. at G. M. HOLMES,
O at the
T
untrue m g M Meals at all hours. :4
1.0rocorioo, 3.. Oysters l-t
Flour", ' in every style.
Profitiguggofwfircm g The best of g
* ' * ' ' - ' Wines, Liquors-d Ales.
Also, a first class
mm, mamas comm
' ' Of Hartford.
Incorporated in 1819, Charter Perpetual.
carl'rar. AND sssnrs, cannon
sure inst loss and dams e by Fire on Terms
l‘ ' amudtothehazardmn consistent with
.-' the laws of corn nsation. .
GEORGE R. COWLE , Sole Agent,
8
attached to the House.
ISAAC LEE.
No. 28 Main St. Norwalkfi;
BBILLIARD SALOON-
0
For Norwalk and~vicinlty
Honor-(Ann
INSURANCE- COMPANY.
uoawanx. court.
CASH CAPITAL. 3500.000
PAID UP CAPITAL.. .100,000
wit. 0. eraser. President.
. GEO. R. COWLES, Secretary.
EDEN. HILL,» :Troasnrer. ‘ -
. New Years, March, 4th, 1867.
This is to certify that my blur and whiskers were
white. and have been com leteiy restored to their
natural color by using SI GER’S HAIR RESTO-
RATIVE”
Cut No. 1,-nbove is a correct likeness of me before
us.ng, and Cut No. 2, is a com-ct likeness of‘ me after
w v
P“
a .
It will pay you to go to
BERMIARD BROSJS
One Price Fancy Store,
1‘9. buy your Shawls, Sontags, Nubias,
“99‘5“???“ the, at 50 cents each.
fltovas, Heaters, Ranges, and,
us ng the Restorative I had also been very lnllch
au'loycd with Dandruff, which has been entirely crud
icl ted by using“SING ER’S HAIR RESTORATIVE'
Rev. THOMAS DAVIS,
City Missionary, New York.
“SINGER‘S HAIR RESTORATIVE" (is not a dye)
eradicates dandnlti‘, prevents the falllng out of the
hay. wonderfully increases its growth, restores both
th hairs d its color. and is decidedly the best hair
dr ssingi the would.
T h! “33:: by Drugglsta and Fancy-goods dealers every—
. a ‘ . '
sfiafidgx CONN . . DEPOT 79 NASSAU Sit, N. Y.,
. s, . ..-~.. . t - '. * - ' WSoldinNorwalk. by URLE BRO'S. 40
Tin, ‘-
’ {Just Reccixred,
‘ ANUFA' . _
- Sheet Iron, Copper,
' "J hber and‘Dealer' in
' Igadahd Zinc Metals. Has
tly on hand a general assortment of Kitchen
tare, and is repared at all times, to do an kind A ‘
cl; Qbhing 1n lifeline, with good stock, and at r rc- splendid assortment of all colors
‘ vrlavn-r masons,
ive ' rices. Orders solici and the ublic 1n-
Wflb‘a’nd-mmlne stock. Tbglns Cash? For the
con Mot Manufacturers and Con tors, atate- M me
In“ recounts will hammered on the-nut ofeach :
"99*“ WWW; immune-Pd ”fib‘e'_ New York Fancy Store,
"1 ’ ” ' ~ : BERNHARD BRO‘S.
Boardin‘- BBLS. APPLES, all kinds, just arrived. for
sale cheap, at
50 G. s. ALLEN‘S.
"JamesFinne , ”Street near: the ; Brid e. ‘4‘
apt-spared to ryoceivo' first-chins hoardsraii- of 4 SE SINGER’S HAIRRESTORATIVE. O
MRS. A. BWN'haa taken the residence of Sir.
ty is SOfcct front by over .100 fcetdecp. Fruit in
residence ot‘Chas. Sherry, Esq.
apply to
(it?)
ADESIRABLE Dwelling House will lot 133 feet
within seven minutes walk nf'tllc. bridge.
fruit. on the premises.
tf5
and out-buildings and sixteen acres of upland. and
about the same number of salt meadow; lhc upland is
under good cultivationand is well fenced. Will be
sold if applied for immediately. Price $15,000.
Iialfcan remain onAhe property. For full particu-
lars enquire ofthe owner A. W. RAYMOND, 12 Old
Slip, N. Y., or JAMES MITCHELL, Norwulk.
at Five Mile River Landing, well suited fora Board
in’g house, size of lot 160x170 feet. Price $5,000.
and sheds, size 85x130 feel.
sl,250. ' Also, two or three bllildinglols cast of the
above frontinglhe Norwalk road, size 125x130 rect.
Price $400. Unchalf of the purchase can rcmuin.
4For further particulars 1' uquire of ‘
t-i
all within five minutes walk of the Depot.
able to parties desirous of building within the year.
For particulars enquire on the premises or address
, by mail,
_ 6m?!-
tnc Wllson Road, BOlnlllules walk from the. Rail-
road Dcpor, for sale.
2m!
.Farm for Sale.
collection of
to the Gaza-urn BUILDING,ll’l consequence of the con-
templated engagement of the Proprietor lu
York. 3
REAL ESTATE.
EEO—Let.
HOUSE at South Norwalk, also, a house ill
West Norwnlk, also, for sale, a farm of twenty
five acres. with ilousc, Dam and Outhouscs.. Also,
House and Carriage house, three minutes from De-
pot. South Nor-walk. Enquire of
5m; D. R. SELLECK.
To Rent-
IIE subscriberofl‘crs to rent, from thefirst of
April next, t‘lelowcr part of her house in Mel--
win Street, next door east. of Oliver Clark’s. Flvc
rooms. Apply on the premises, or to Frederick F.
Finncy, No. 3 J nines Bulldillg.
MRS. ANN MUCKRIDGE.
Reuse“ and lot for Sale
N SOUTH NORWALK.--Tlle subscriber offers his
House and Lot, situated within six mlnutcs walk
of the South Norwalk Depot, for sale. Terms easy.
En uire at Solomon‘s extensive list Manufaclory,
of t c subscriber, EDWARD IllJBBELL. 211ml
Notice.
HE subscriber has in his hands, for salc.'Stores
T and Lots, dwellings and Lola, and vacant Lols,
suitable both for business, and dwelllna purposes.
Also a large number of building Lots sullatcd Within
one half mite of South Norwnlk. cheap, and on easy
terms. One dwelling with two acres of land, and
another with one and a half acrcs of land and one.
with half an acre; all within one fourth of a mile of
the village, for sale cheap . _
Persons wishing to purchase 0 ~ sell are 1l1\'1l0(l to
call at the South Norwalk Rcal state Agency,over
the Drug Store. WM. T. CRAW,
Real Estate Agent.
South Norwalk, Feb. 10,1868. JyI; 3m*
For Sale.
The desirable pro erty on East Avenue, opposite
the residences of P. . Van Znndt and E11 1}. Bennett,
Es s., consisting of2 l-2acres of land. \\‘lt_h Avenue
an river fronts, dwelling homeboy-n, buthlnghouse,
&c., all ncw,togcthcr wllhtlle furnlllll'e in lllcllousc,
and one lhorsetand Soggy clip-gage, spring wagon,
harness ln cu .ter 1 c. o
’ y ’ ”If. B. WOODWARD.
Valuable Property for Sale.
HE residence of Mrs. J. G. ,uiglcy. situated on
West Avenue, on the line of use Rullroad,rcn
minutes walk to N. ‘1’, d: N. H. Depot. The proper-
Also the place known as the Rogers place near the
or fllll particulars
JAMES MITCHELL, Union Market,
Norwalk.
_. Desirable Dwellings for Sale.
front and 180 feet deep, situated on Main Slrect
An abun-
Prlce 10,000.
Apply at the GAZETTE Orrrcn.
Gregory’s Point For Sale.
THIS valuable property consisting of the Hotel,
Barns and private dwelling house, with barn
414
'A Rare Chance.
0R SALE—The house now occupied bythc sub-
scriber, located on the corner opposite the Hotel
Alsotbc lot east of the above, containlllg'burcs
Price with buildings
E. R. PENNOYER.
For sale.
FEW desirable Building Lots near the Noroton
Du of, with views of“ the Sound from each lot.
Size of
ots 50x200 feet. prices and terms exceedingly favor-
Dr. C. W. BALLARD, Dal-loll. Conn.
House for Sale.
WELLING HOUSE. Burn and 1—2 acre of land,
lately occupied by Francis Iloyt, situated on
TCI‘RIS favorable. Enquire of
JUS. W. WILSON.
N WILTON, (loam, consisting oi about Twenty
I acres, lorluafiy owned by Maj. Surnucl Bcldcll,slt-
Esq., wi ave clltirc charge of the letting and
ts for all apartments appertaining
New
t52
H formers TOILET-l.
ROM and after Jan. lst. TWO FRONT OFFICES
F In the Gazs'r'rs Burr srxo. Rent, $12,130 and
$15 per month. Apply to I, M, BULLOCK. 52m”
A House for Sale at South
NorWalk.
lTUATE‘D on Wu~hinglon St... within three min-
utes walk of the Depot. For partlculurs cllqlllrc
ALFRED KNAPP. 51
of
West Ill—efiéiuildlng Lots,
For Sale.
A. LAST CHANCE.
W0 Lots 741228 opposite the residence of F. Di-
mon. E-q. .
Also, two in the rear of the above SleSll fronting
on Elm Street. Terms cosy. Apply to
6m4’l‘ , U. '1‘. WEEKS.
Houses, Lots and Farms
FOR SALE AND To your.
qOME twenty FARMS, from 15 lo 110 acres, for
L snlc.orlo exchanwe for ropcrfy in Norwalk.
good variety of IIO JSES m and out of town, for
sale on liberal terms. Thlrlecn first-class houses for
sale; two lirst-clrss houses to let; one fllrmshcd
House to let. A number of small tenements for sale.
to suit persons of small means—terms liberal.
ff‘l' S. T. WOOD.
N. B.—Good servants, furnished at short notice.
For Sale Cheap.
One of the most. -
COMPLETE, CONVENIENT _
AND
Desirable “Homes”
in the village. But three minutes walk of the Bridge
and Horse Cuts, Terms accommodating and pos-
session given when desired. Apply to Editors of
zenrrn. - tfdi
BUILDING LOTS !
BUILDING nos-s 1
For Sale Cheap.
And upon the most
ACCOMMODATINC TERMS
.
as to time payments. These lots are located on
“Spring Hill" overlooking the wafer and surround-
ing country, and are unequaled in beauty, by any lo-
cation in Nor-walk. Lots for $400, $500, $73.0. $1,000
to $3,000. Apply at Cazs'rrr: Orrlcrz. till
For Sale.
The place formerly owned and occupied by Isaac S.
Beers, comment. For further particulars, apply to
“‘5 MORGAN 'l‘. 8311’“!
.NASII a IVES, '
REAL ESTATE AGENTS
No. 1 WATER STREET.
PROPERTY Bought, old, Exchallgcd or Let, on
reasonable terms. Wehzlven good variety of
dcsirableliouscsund Farms in and out oftown for
sale on accommodating forms.
Wx. R. anu.
.1. .annxs.
R EAL ESTATE AG ENT.
50 Estatea
( on SALE ill Nor-walk and vicinity, from 14 to
200 ncros, with buildings fhcrcoll, price from
$450 to $100 010. Also, '1‘0 LEI‘. furnished and un-
furnished houses. Addl‘lss J. FERRIS. at 'I‘olles &
Elyfs Drug Store, South Norwulk. Notice for sur-
veying may be leftat the Gazette Ofllcc.
1‘32
NATHAN Ivns.
' SE eroru‘s Hun lifts'f‘oftA’l‘lVE.
occupied by Mrs. Nclvcomb,
which wa . . '
surpassed “ n Fulrficld County, Ill qualu y or prlce.
Constant additions are made of all the latest styles
of goods. '
maydcslrc: .. _ .
Music pupils ll (leSli‘t‘fl. Classes m French and Mu-
\tltion.
AT THE
NEW CANAAN NURSERY.
Tho subscribers take pleasure in announcing to the
public that their stock of
Fruit & Ornamental Trees, Vines, drc.
is unusually large ulld of unsurpassed excellence.
We feel confident in saying that we believe that our
stock of APPLE TREES particularly, to he the_L_nr-
gcst and Best in this Country. We are also peslllvc
that we can l'nrnlsll Trees ill better quality. better
order, and for mass MONEY than they can be obtained
from distant Nurseries. '
Those wishing to purchase Trees and Vines wrll_dp
well to send their orders curly—or still better, Vlslt
our Nursery and make their own selections.
STEPHEN iIOYT dz. SONS.
P. S. We take pleasure in showing persons through
ourNurscrics, whether desirous of purchasing trees
or not; and would cordially invite all interested to
visit tllc Nursery.
Notice.
‘IIE subscriber can furnish the Ladies of Norwalk
1 with all styles and varieties for the season of
Bonnets and Jockeys,
forthc old and young. and with prices to suit the
times. Allkindsof -
IIA’I‘S SEWED 0‘ ER,
and new ones made to order. I am confldentfhnt
with my new and improved process of
' Bleaching
that I can give entire satisfaction.
Ladies give me a call at the old stand foot of Mar—
shall strcct, South Norwalk,
GILES HAULENBEEK.
N. .—Tuscaus. Pauamus, Leghorus, Neapolitans.
and all kinds of BruidsJileachcd, Pressed and Dyed,
USE Smonn’s Ham Rns'rona'rrvs.
Sold by UHLE BROS. Norwalk.
Millincry and Dressmaking,
' Mrs. E. LAWRENCE,
OULD inform the Ladies of South Norwalk and
V» vicinity that she has taken the stand formerly
Washington Street,
where she will continue the M11.-
ti N walk
so“ ‘ 0” DRESS-MAKING Bllsiness. Ladies
LIN ERY and
are invited to call and examine her assortment of
profusion. House containinw Gas. Furnace. 31nd in - a v 1 -3m.~.18
factallldhe modern couvcnlcfices. Out-buildlngs in Spun: Goons. ’ ‘
s lcndl condition. .
" Notice-
llE subscriber would respectfully call the _atfen-
tentiou ofthc ladies ol‘Norwalk and vlcinlty lo
her selection of
Fall and Winter Millinery Goods,
which she is constantly receiving, consistingol’ Vel-
vcts, Ribbons, Feathers. Flowers, the" which. she
will sell as low as can be obtained elsewhere, Bonnets
and Jockeys made to order. She has also a good vari-
dance of rm“ ‘ 5 01‘ ““3 premises. Price $610001 ety oanncy Goods, Corsets, IIosicry, &c., and will
NE“? "10".“ bruit "0“5‘3' l’lcnf‘muy located do all kinds of Machine Stitching to order at short
wrthlu hve minutes walk of the Bridge. Lot 102 notice Give her a call. ‘
feet front. 400 feet deep. A good barn and choice 13.15 ' MISS S. A. BEERS, Norwalk, Conn.
READ THIS 2
House and Sign Painting,
at
SOUTH NOR\VALK.-
Particular attention given to Graiuing, Blind
Painting and Gluzinrv - also, to Paper liunnin-v and
Calccmlnclng, by a , DNTIY.
J. 11. it A. 11: K1
WShop North of new foundry, opposite‘Wm. E.
Montgomery‘s Coal yard, foot of Marshall Slrect.
South Norwalk, Conn.
1y25
'SE Smonu‘s IIaru llss'rona'rrvn.‘
Sold by UHLE BROS. Norwalk.
A. Jackson & lilo,
No. 1, Gazu'r'rn Buanrxo,
OULD invite the attention of their old custom-
ers and the public generally to their varied and
extensive stock of
VVATCUES, JEWELRY, Sersu Warts, FAN-
CY Goons, Srnvnn PLATED WARE, do,
lected with great care and is not to be
A. JACKSON & BRO.
New Jewelry Store,
I... WEED,-
Practical Watchmaker do Engraver,
EALER in American, English, llndSwiss Watch
cs; American and French UloOlF, Solid Silver,
and Plated Ware, &c.,; next door to Main entrance
of Gazette Building. Norwalk.
Gold, Silver and flair Jewelry made to order.
Weddin 5 Rings.
Special attention given to
Repairing
and all walk warranted to give satisfaction or no
pay required.
Pianos, Organs, Melodeons
and all other musical instruments Tuned and Re.
paired
ESTABLISHED 1829.
EDWARD 1'. W331),
Druggist and Apothecary,
Comer Wall and Water St., (under Norwalk Hall.)
A flood assortment of Pure Drugs. Medicines, Chem-
lc:
lls, Patent Medicines, Dye Stuffs, Perfumery, kc ,
constantly on hand._ Particular attention paid to
Physician‘s Prescriptions.
WWlll remove lst January to the new storOOp-
posile, with a full stock of goods.
Musical Instruction.
ROF. S. RiCARD,rcspectfullyannounces to his
friends had the public, lhol. llc is now prepared
to lve privateinstructionslnthc French language.
am in Vocal, Piano and Organ Music. lle will meet
his pupils at their rc-idcnccs or a} his home as they
Organ or Plano furnlsbcd for practice to
sic coul imlcd as heretofore. 51
Boots and Shoes I
CHEAP, CHEAPER, CHEAPEST!
EN‘S Women‘s. Boys and Girls Boots and Shoes
R of every variety and style, warranted of best
make and material, and at prices winch defy compe-
Also,
Rubber Boots and Shoes,
all srzcs, and at lowest cash prices. An examina-
tion oftllcse goods, and ourprlccs for the same, \vlll
convince every one of the superior advantages we
offer. G. 0.1{EELER & BROTHER.
‘ P. S.—Sold Wholesnlc and Retail.
Look here Horsemen.
Persons wishing to try the
000 DENO UG 11 HORSE 5110113,
can do so by calling at the shop of' the lludcrslgllcd,
where lhcy can get them or our own make, Just as
good, quick and as cheap as at ally other shop lll the
town of Nora alk: and every slloc warranted to glvo
satisfaction. JOHN MchlIiAE.
South Norlvulk, Nov. 8th, 1807. U49
Boots and Shoes.
VI‘IIE Subscribers would respectfully call the atten-
tion of the public to their
NEW STOCK 0F GOODS,
consisting of a general assortment 01
Boots, Shoes, Gaiters, ac"
both for Gcnthmeu and Ladies wear, which will be
sold vcry low
.For Cash.
AT THE OLD STAND ELY‘S BLOCK,
SOUTH NORVVAL [i
All kinda ol‘Gcnt’s and Ladies Boots, Shoes. 81c,
made to order, in the most workmanlike manner
and at fair prices. Horse Cars rlrll right by the door.
BROWN dc STEVENS.
HIIIAM 3. BROWN. HARVEY s'rnvnus.
New Grocery.
THE undersigned having purchased the stock, &-c.,
ofDo-rr &, Monrzllorlss, No. 41 Main Street, is
now prepared to sell
GROCERIES.
uf. Ihelowcst market prices. He will endeavor to keep
constantly on hand a good stock, and would respect
fully solicxtlhe patronage ofthc people of Norwalk
and vicinity. D A, NEWCOMB 1% BRO:
Having sold our business to D. A. Newcomb & Bro.
we would recommend our arrons to still conlillllo
their patronage to him. um thank them the. peo
ple ofNovwalk generally for their past for rs.
DO'i‘Y & MOREIIOUSE.
Norwalk, July 1st 1867.
CITY BAGGAGE nxrnnsls
Fl‘IlE subscriber having dissolved partnership with
Mr. A. ll, Gibbs will hereafter rlln an Express
Wagon to and from the Railroad lrnins and Slcnm-
boat. Doggone or Packages called for and delivered
to any part of the town. Orders left on the slate at
the PostUfllcc will receive his personal and prompt
attention. Public patronage lsl‘cspcctfu]:y Enlinned
4 ALFRED ALLEN.
woman HOUSE,
Corner of Boweryluud Bayard Sb,
NEW YORK.
Guests cull be accommodated with moms by lhe (luy
or week, With or without. Board.
0150. P. WORDEN, ppm-Mar.
PATRIGK’S' IMPROVED PUMP
FOR WATERING STOCK
ANIMALS pump water for them elves. it never
fails to operate. and is lliglllv recommended by
all who use it. it is simple durable and cheap. 'l‘llc
subscriber having purchased the putt-lit right for
sale; also, single pumps. Persons interested are
invrted to cull‘and examine the mo e
Sold by UHLE BROS, Norwalk.
- g on?" exchanged. 4“ ' Sold by UHLE BROS. Norwalk.
d l.
4-) one. MARVIN, Mala Street, Nurwallt.
l
l
l
5
Fruit Trees! Fruit 'I‘l'ecs! ! ,
. ’V‘VV-V —- - .'
west wing of the-Gazette Building.
nncofis'rnnc'rrolv.
SPEECH OF
HON. ORRIS s. FERRY.
5 Delivered in the Senate of the United States,
February 3 l, 1863
The Senate having under consideration the bill
(11. R. No. 430) additional and lupplclncntary to an
act entitled "An act to provide for the more efficient
government of the rebel States,“ passed Mlllch 2,
1867, and to the acts supplementary tllcrefo,tllc pend-
ing question being on the motion of Mr. DooLr'r'rm
to refer the bill withinstructions in the Committee
on thc. Judicial-y—~
Mr. FERRY said:
Mr. PRESIDENT: It will perhaps be well
to recur for a moment to the origin 02 this
debate in order to obtain :l clear apprehen—
sion of the Issue which is now under consid-
cralloll. A few days ago a bill came from
the House of RepleSt‘nl-lllvcs additional and
supplementary fO'thc acts ordinarily called
the rcconslructioD—laws, and upon lhe usual
motion to l't'fer Ih'e Sellalor from Wisconsin
[Mn Dooru'l'rtalénmved certain instructions
to the Judiciary . 'l'mmiltce which in efl'ect
would so far modify the existing laws as to
destroy their efficacy and rulirely subvert
the intention of Congress in their passage.
The object of these laws, as I have hitherto
understood them, was originally so to reor-
ganize southern society that the control of
society should pass forever out of the hands
of the oligarchy which had plunged the ten
States whose condition we are considering
into rebellion and civil war, and'remit that
centre] to loyal hands. The necessary (fleet
of the instructions moved by the Senator
from Wisconsin, if Cflfl'lt'd info (that by leg-
islation, will be to restore to that oligarchy
the dominion ofsouthelll society indefinitely
in the future, and to hazard, therefore, the
return of‘the evils which we have so recent-
ly experienced. '
I suppose, indeed, that in moving these in-
sll‘uctluus the Senator from Wisconsin was
but carrying out the policy of the President
of the United Stalls, lll u lll sc lunual mes
sage lhe repeal of the whole system of re-
construction adopted by Congnss was re-
commcndld; The instructions, therefore,
moved by the Senator from Wisconsin and
tile rccommcndutiol's of be President in his
annual message upon lh's subject of neon-
struclion ale identical in spirit and effect.
But it will be bore in mix (1 that from the
very close of the war lhe President has had
a policy of ills own, :ln 1 of that policy the
Senator has been one o: the pl .51 (unrest and
able supporters. xlle is so lo-duy; and that
policy, from the beginning down futile pres-
ent time, has bad its consfiiutloual founda-
tlog upon thatporflon of lheorganlc law of
the Republic commonly c Allell the guarantee
clause. It was cited by the President ill the
first cuuociuliorl of his policy. It is the foun-
dation upon which lheinsfluclions proposed
by the Senator from Wisconsi. llllnsclfmusl
rest; and the Senator from Indiana [ML
Mourns] in Ms very able speech accepted
the prenusr 5 thus laid down by llll. President
and by the Senator from \VlSCUnSlD, and
thence proceeded to demonslrutclhat the re-
collsfrllClion laws were not only valid but
expedient and necessflry to the lulllnnal safe-
ly. That argument upon llmsc premises is
as yet. unanswered, and is, in lllyjudgcmcnf,
unanswerable.
And it uppcurul to me in the progress of
the debate that it was so regarded bylhe
Senator from Maryland [allrulonxsou] and
by the Senator from Pennsylvania, [Mu
Bucxxmwj for holb those distinguished
gentlemen began their remarks with repudi-
atlng the premises proposcd by the Prt'sldent
in the original cuuuclalioll of his policy, and
accepted as the basis of lhe nrguuu lit by the
Senator from Indiana. Lul me read a few
words lrom the speech of ('llCll of the Send-
tors to whom I have referred. The Senator
from Maryland said:
“The honorable member from Indiana, however he
may bl“. ‘uble to-intmlvc in inconsistencylhc Presi-
dent of the United States or those who may have
maintalncdthe constitutionality of his policy in re-
lation-to this particular question, cunl'lol so luvozve
me. ‘
The Senator from I’cnusylvanb said:
“Inhl perfectly aware of the argument which is
made against the President of lhe United States in
connection with reconstruction under his proclama-
tloll If, is not material to me to enter upon that 11-.-
butt-1nd to vindicate him in all respects.
And bolh Sol alors lheu upon prorccll to
deny lllt' uppl3cabilily of lhegual‘unfce clause
of lhe (‘olxslllutlull in the pm sent conlliiien
of the nun-constructed States and to assert
that the system of reconstruction adopted by
('ougress is without warrant in the Con-
stitution, and therefore at once invalid and
oppressive; It would seem, then-fore, that a
new issue is thus presented to the St note, an
issue llasul up”) the general denial of the
agrlcmcm of lhe syslrm of reconstruction
hilllcrlo adopted by Congress with the or-
ganic law of the Republic; and l' is that is
sue which I incl-12:. .
I ought to remark, ill the outset, that Sena-
tors who insist that llu-sc laws are unconsti-
tutional all" ”it relol‘c ought to be rl-pculrd
have upon flu-m the burden of proof. The
reconstruction system zulopll d by Congress
is the law of the land. ll is as valld,as bind-
ing upon the conscience and action of every
citizen ol'tl.c Republic as if it had received
lhe applovul of the President and had both
sanctioned by ll‘llfillclnl')‘. Nor is this all.
It is not only lh w of the land but expe-
rlclcc has prowd that it is lledlficr m in its
operation. Btf'lrc the adoption of the sys-
tem, slumhy was the law of the uurccon-
sllucled S ates, property was insecure, lifc
unsafe, disonll-r reigned ( voly n he: 0. Under
the operation of his system life and property
have hccl lllc sccule, disorder is I't prcssc l,
and society is again returningr lc its nor-null
Cl‘lldlllOll; and therefore Srnululs who de-
mand of us the repeal of these laws upon the
'allcgrdgrouud ol ill.ClllltlliuilOllttllly fake
upon flu mselvcs the burden of pllml.
it is lnslsled that lhe luw> me unconstitu-
tinnnl ill-cause. they 'lnf‘rillgc, first, lhe lights
of lhe Slut: s; secondly, the rights l l'imllvld-
uals; and the point of lhe (ll-jL’Cllun is the
same which has lelt‘ed purll' s in this Gov-
ernment for half a century, the denial of the
true nationality of the Allurica‘u pc- ple.
It becomes necessary, lllel't‘llnt, to comb-
lish a proposition which at lhcfilsi lllll rancc
may sci-m to be too plain to need argument,
that. the people of the United Stall sol Amer-
ica are one lllllltillflllsll the politic-J stalelhey
constitute is one Republic, and Jim! there
exists within it one true and complete smv-
errignty.
It is true, slr,llml in the earl. history of lhe
Republic the flamers of lhe Oollsmuliou ill
the Convention of 1787 shrunk llOtll an ex-
plicit utterance upon this question. There
jealousics, limidlllcs, suspicious among lhe
public men of tin.- l ifi‘clenl Sinus to which
so much had to be yielded ,by the fathers of
the Rep lvlic,and their action, therefore, left
open to some extent the question 01 na-
tlonulily. During the administration of
Washington the respect fell for the character
of" that great man and for his clnlucut serv-
lccs, and the universal eczntldmre ill his su-
gzlcily and patriotim, kept the squ-cl in
abeyance; but in the excl lug conlests which
grew up during the administration of the
elder Adams the question once more arose
to the surface, and in the Kentucky l‘t‘snlll-
lions of 1799 Mr. Jlfi‘clson, then the leader
of the party in oppomton, promulsalcd doc-
trines subversive of the national idea. A
contest more or less vehement, and mo": or
less Clillilllti'ctl,.f»f sixty years’ dumllon en-
sueds-a contest‘fol' that period lilltllt‘fllllfil
in character, but cullllinaliug at last in a
coufl:cl ol'urms and life liilScllt‘SUlfllVll war.
And now. sir,~af'tcr thus-.- cnnlllcls are over
tllc country has accepted the lll’lclilllmlllun
that lhe question is a: an end, and lhat‘in
law and in 1-.ch the plople ut' the United
Stats-9,5201" the formulation of the Cavern-
iiiulll to the present. hour haVc been, and
ll‘l:lil.lll€ present hourall through lhe llll‘ll‘c
of" lhe Rl-p'ublic are to be, one nation.
When lhe contest began what dill lhe peo-
ple. go 10 war fol? When lheguns were fired
on armor and the old flag floated from every
hlll- p ot'the. North, and your young men
flcw to arms from the Atlantic to the Mlssis-
sippi, what was the lvalchword on Illt'll‘ lips?
'1 boy \vcrc going out to defend the Union.
And what 'was the Union? A mere confed-
eration of Sthtl'tflgillllS? Why, sir, there
have been such unions which were not Worth
pn scrvlng,hut underneath our word“Unlm.,“
was hidden the reality of American llalioln
alily. It Was that which your armies \velll
forth to sustain; at the end, when the suite
was chl', the people of this onulllly through-
out it; whilst extent, accepted ils .hclslnu,
. and llilllcemllh the Word "national" gives
clmlactcl to the-acts of your Legislature, is
h‘l‘lllcll on lhe 'lu-e of your «lllll-ncy, is on
your lips in daily u-lc-rnncn, uml gIVI'S life
and lumping to lhe unily - 1 the Republic.
As. l said, lll: war has du‘iallll ilI'l only
Connecticut, ofl'crs County and Town rights, for
_ that m- are a lmlion hm flint we luwc hm n
a nation in m the lu'pinnll g; ul-«l, 1 mill, :1 -
llalloll in which thc-l'c is u colllplclc and eu-
; the sovereignty, which has proclaimed itself
1 in the preamble to “l? Ccoslllullou: “We
for the people supnme authority of the has
lion which they constitute.
Thus far I perhaps may 5: cm in have been
arguing only trufsms. 1 now go 1‘. stl-p fur-
ther and asscli that this sovmclgpfv is ex: r
clsul pl-lmalily llllullgll lbe suli'lalgn; llml
dcrl‘vcd from his participation in the sovcr-
elgllfy of lllc Republic; that if that palticl-
potion is lost, with Ettllc sufl‘lage and all that
flows'lronl it are also lost. The sovereignty
is cxcrcisud secondarily by representational"!
simply lit 'hc Fodcrul Lv-gislalule or G we”)
mum, but il is- lhlzs exercised both in the
Federal and Stole governments anrl in all
branches lllclcol‘. The sovereignty of the
people is that of each individual over all and
of all over each. It is excl-clscd confoisedly
through lhe Federal Govelnlncnt in Its vali-
ous branches, but ordinarily not conceived
to be ('XCI'ClSl-td in its national character
through the governments of lhe (lifiercnt
Slates; but it is the same sovereignty that is
exclcised in the one us in lhe other. Estab-
lish lhe principle that this people are and
ever have blen 2: amino, lhot the sovereignty
of that natlou rests in the people themselves,
and all municipal and State organizations
revolve around tl.e great central orb: the na-
tion. It is not, as suggested by the Senator
frorn Pennsylvania, that State governments
and State organizrtlons are the ligaments
which billd the States to the Federal Union;
it is lhe national sovereignty that binds the
Salts lo the Union, and the oijcl. of its ex-
ercise alike in the Federal and State systems
is the security and happiness of lhe whole
American people.
The Senator from [’l-nnsyTvaciu told us
that to the action of the people of the South
in thclr Slate organizmons we were aliens
and foreigners. Sir, ills nol so. Tl.er.- is to
citizen of any S'utc hat is 'an alien and a
foreigner to me. Tlurc is no Stale'whosc
governmental action is alien and foreign to
tile citizens of any other Stale. The States
exercise their respective powrrs, not simply
for load benefit, but in lluflliully with the
action of the Federal (invernlneut ilsclf for
the welfare of the whole; and it is only be-
cause in the form-ulou of this Government
the fathers acquiesced in the existing Slate
system when they cousllhftd this people
one nation, because under our democratic
system local selflgovclnment is best calcula-
ted to insure the safety of' the Slate and the
happiness of the people, that llze Stale gov-
ernments exercise the functions or lhe por-
tiOus ol'llle funcllolls of llazionul spl’crclgmy
which they do.
The people of the ten Slams whose condi-
tion is now under consideration were, “I til
the occurrence of the events to which i am
about to allude, copropllelols in this pullou-
ul sovl reignty—copropriefors with all the
rest of the people, each over all and all over
each. But upon the election of Mr. Lincoln,
in the autumn of 1860, their Legislatures
conth :1 and called upon the people to as-
semble in convenllon f .r lhe purpose of con-
sidering the propriety of wlzhdlawlng from
obedience to the sovereignty of the Rt public.
The people clcclcd delegates to those con-
venllons, and made their first step in the.
downward road to min. The conventions
unlople‘l ordinances throwing ofi their dill-gl-
ance and leuouuciug their obcdiche lo the
national authorlly, and the people, either at
the ballotbox -or by acquiescence in every
one of these ten States, adopted and rat fled
the action of the conventions. And lit'fC,
sir, lost I should be mlsupprcbcnded, let me
say llzat when, in this commotion, i used lhe
words “the pwplc," I accept the dcflulllou
given by the Scnalor from Pennsylvania,
[Mn BUCKALEW ;]-“lhc qualified electors
of these States under their lhen existing laws
and constitutions,” either by their Vult's or
by substqucnt acquiescence, lalificdlhc ac-
tion olthell' CUDVL‘illlUI 5.
Now, what was this acl? It was lhe not
not sullply of 9. Legislative, 1m. simply of a
conventlon. It was the act of the people of
these ten Slates, C(lpl‘opilttnl‘s ii: the Sliver
eighty of the Republic; and by this act lliey
abdicated that sovereignty, voluntanly, open-
ly, lo the face of the nation; not only abdica-
ted their share in that sovereignty, but abdi-
cated thenby every function which flow-soul
of It. Abdicating sovereignty, lhcy ulullca-
ted its excl‘ . so by the suffrage and by repre-
scnlaliou; an] that not only in the Federal
systtm, but (qually in the Slow (\l'grllllZ'l-
lions.
But u but ever l-tl‘ccl that abdication might
have upon their posillolls, it in uowlsc llfl‘ c1-
ed the sovereignty of the remaining people
of the Republic, in whom thcucctonll llze
whole authority of the nation centered until
they should again consent to participate in
it with those who had lhus voluntarily abdi-
cated it. The nation Cull‘lilut'tl tr art in ac-
cordance with its just cutllorlly. Occupy-
lng the military posts throughout these Slates
the symbols of its power were all“ displayed
and therefore lhe pe vp'e who had abdicated
their share in the national sovcrclguty pro-
ceeded from that abdication to revolt. Tile
revolt drew after it the whole population of
those communities with a unaulmily rarely
known in history, and speedily altaintd the
magnitude of'a clvd war, with all the inci-
dents offlle latter as known and recognizhd
by the law of nailnns. That what I have to
sa'y hereufwr on this subject, may be clearly
understood, I beg pcrllllsslou to lead a low
few passages from Vatfil Illustrating the real
characlcr of lhe relations between the parties
which now ensued:
"In order c'carly to discover“ hat conduct the sov-
ereign ought to pursue toward l'cvoltcd subjects,"
"' * ’3‘ “we must dislingulsll the nature
and degree or the different disorders which may dis-
2011) the State. and oblige the sovere ‘,‘,‘II to take up
arms, or substitute forcible measures in- tend oflhc
milder influence of null: rify.“— Vowel}: Luu' of Nd-
tions. lectlon 287.
"The name of rebels is giving to all subjects who
unjustly take up arms rigour-t the ruler of the society
whether their view be to deprive him ofthc supreme
authority or to resist his commands ill some particu-
lar instance and to impose conditions on Illm."—-—
Ibizl.. seclion $8.
“thna party is formed ill a State who no longer
obey the sovereign. and are possessed of sufficient
strength to oppow him; or n hell, in a republic. the
nation is'divldcd into two opposite factions. and box it
sides take up arms; this iscallcd a civil cur." =-"
* * * "'l‘he sovereign. indeed, never fails to
bestow thc appellation offs els on all such of his
subjucfsas openly resist lll , but when the. latter
having acquired sufficient strength to give him effect-
ual opposition and to obligi: him to carry on the war
against them according to the established rules, he
must necessarily submlt to the use of the term ‘civll
war,’ "—Ibid., section 292.
"A civil war breaks bands of society and govern-
ment, or at least suspends their force and effect, it
produces in the nation two independent parties, who
consider each other as enemies. and acknowledge no
common judge.” _ *- * 3’ . "They stand
therefore, in preClscl y the same prcdlcamcllt as two
nations who engaged in a contest. and being unable
to come to an agreement, have recourse to arms,“—
Ibld., section 293.
Thus the party of the ten States under
conSldcratlon abdicated first llll'll‘lml'llclpu-
tion in the sovel‘olgnly of the Republic. from
that abdication proceeded to open rewlt
against that sovereignty, magnified that re-
volt t0 the dimensions of civil war. and the
result of t val war was the lllumph of lhe nu-
tioual arms. Hardly in history is here an
instance ol‘a civil convulslon of Sllttli uppul-
ling magnitude as that lhlough which we
have recently passed, in wh'ch the subjuga-
tion of lllelr.Su1'g(lllS was so absolll'c and
complete. .
We are brought now to the lnquu‘y: what
were lhe relations of the Victor and the van-
quished when the war reached its close?
Here we are met by the theory common in
the Democratic pally, to the President, ant
to the Senator from Wisconsm—lhc awr-
prcsslons “once a Slate always a State," “in.
capacity of u Stair-1n go our of lhe Union or
to be expelled from the Unlon“——cxpr. ssh-us.
in a sense every one of'lhcm true, bul which
as used by those in win so mouths lluy are
most familiar, contain a dangerous fallacy.
Sir, at the close of the war lliC relax-.vt- po-
slllou o! the paths was that (ll victor and
vanquished; the balloon] sth-lcigmy was in
lhe hands of that portion of tilt: pt0ple who
had never abdicated its possession; the van
qlllsllcd were men who has] ubdlCnIed lllul
sovereignty and all of its leSlilllllg functions,
Tile geographical aleas of the S a‘cs, ( 1
course, remained. and they “on: Sllljv-Cl to
the jurisdicdon 0 fire Union, as flu-y ever
11:ch bvt'l). The dwellum 11pm] lllllsu geo-
graphical areas l1 malnul, and they owed ul-
leclallce and obrdlellce lo the Union, as they
evil-1.11.10 done. And ll ibis IS wlml S. nuturs
mean when llxcy spelk of “ol 0: a. State al-
ways a Slate," and aver lhe llu-zlpuc‘lly of a
they assert the truth. But, sir, they mean
mule than Illnl; they mean lo usual, :uu nl
unluhly ululicah-ll llw'lr shale in lhe sul'cl‘
quest by that sovereignty “'le l'llilliilt'lt had
lllr right lu erlill: lhe suvrl'l l‘ullly which
the) hull ululuatvl' a ”Link: up and :-xcrclse
all lit-l functions. ll lhls, ind: e I. me the la w
of the. nation “e an: Willlulll ll G'i'VL‘l'lllIll‘HI
which is wwl'lh [he I llllit‘.
Sir, the oi union is, lililt‘ltl, ulilmut pn-
Ce-‘clt in the histoly of Ibis country, “-1
luv-rears analogies elsewhere. , ’l‘hrlc Wu-
l
the people 01 lhe Ullilcd Slalcs of'America
doprdaln and establish this Constitmion."
It ls the language 01 a sovereign dclllandlng
the light of suffrage in the hull Illlllul man is
moot oflhc fallacy contained under the ex- .
SL511: logs! or 1-) be driven will 1 flit-Union, :
3 (Cilillu, rcvohllg, lllwl lug c.l~'/. .
tell in terms «in usscll, lllnl. llll'sc GWellrrs .
upon illese uc lgluphll-al arms a h ' llllls Vul- .
c‘gutyA 0f the R“]lll) ll' ulltl :Ll-‘Sflullrll its:
national life, ll‘llmldlalcly “in n llu-lr (:ol.- _
once a sovereign who by flight frc‘u‘. his king?-
dow abdicated the English throne. But the
statesmen of England never held that he pos-
sessed the capacity at his will to resume the
authority which he had abdicated and excr-
clsc the functions from which he had lied.
So now to assert that the people who have
yielded up, for purposes hostile to the ballot)-
all life, their share in the national aulhulity
can at their own pleasure resume their abdi-
cated functipns is a proclamation on unalchy.
In the condition in which \llc country lound
IlSl‘ll at the close of Hit: war it has evcrsm m-
ed to lnc that there was but one true llmu-y
upon which the nation cml‘d 2ch, and that is
to adopt lhv :‘ulc prescribed by the law of
nations as to the relations bclwcL-ll the vlc
furious and vanquished in civil wul‘; and un-
der that theory and by :hut law, recognized
by name in the Consrllulion of lhe Ulliled
States and embraced in its general provis-
ions or reserved ll) the tenth time! dumb! to
the people, what are the actual rights of a
victorious sovereign and vanquished insur-
gents at the termination of lhe Conflict 1!
Wl y, sir, llle Senator from Maine, [ML Fras-
SENDEN.] in a clusu'al remark made in the
Senate a few weeks since, comprehended the
, whale of lhe rights of lhe vunq'llshed party
in a single wurd, and that Wordis "elemen-
cy.” It is the only right lhey retainr; rebels
though lhey be against the lawful sovereig",
assailants of the national life, yet humau‘lly
and the dictates of the Christian religion
have made clemency uol simply lhe duty of
lhe vlctor3,'bul the right of the vanquished.
And what are the rights of the victor? To
make peacc,to establish justice, and to secure
the national safely; and all these must be
exercised by him with clemency; and wheth-
er lhesc reconstruction laws, which are now
so violently atlackcd both in and out of' Cor.-
gress, are in accordance with the provisions
of the Constitution, and wilh the provlsmus
of the law ol nations ilnbhdded in that Con-
stitution, and (qually wuh if a pan of the
organic law of tile Republic, Ill pi-nds upon
whctbcr they are ill ilCClH‘dahcl: with the
principles I have laid down. It is by this
criterion that they are to be tried
Are they, then, Clt'nltlli? Has the sover-
eignty in the Republic Sllu“ ll clemency ln its
treatment of vanquished rl-bels in the laws
which his 10-day upon your statute-book ?—-—
Sir, I dcly gentlemen to scarchllle records of
history and find an instance of ouch unparal-
lclcd clemency as this people by these very
laws has exercised toward its vanquished en-
emits.
i will no: go back to the durbagcs; I will
not go back even to the wars of lhe Roses
or the campaigns of Alva, or any other of
those civil conflicts which make us shudder
as We peruse the history of former times;
but, sir, look at the conduct of nations (i the
Old W rld in this very century. There lmve
been run its against Russia within the last
generation; and go look at the burning ruins
of Warsaw and the corpses of her children
lying amid them. 'l‘fu-re have been revolts
in France; go see Frenchmen dylng of hu-
gerlug horrors on the shores of South Amer-
lcu. ’l‘hrre have been revolts within twenty
years against England; go to Australia and
see the bust blood of Ireland banished there
by Eng ish tribunals for rebellion against an
English sovereign. And llu-u,sir, when you .
lu'lve sealched the lcl-ords of history and llit‘
annals of other nations, come back to these
shores and see what lllls great republican
sovereignty of Amcrim has «lnuc when reb-
els haVc sll'lven to take its life. 1‘40 man has
been punished for lleusonmo man‘s propclty
is lakcn‘ away, no man's person is implisoncd
no one is exiled. And‘lhat is not all; to
may one except ‘lhose who fouwuted lhls
most unholy rebellion this Government ll :5
not only left life, liberty, and properly secure,
but it has taken the vanquished rebel and
made llllna CthUzll sovereign with the (le-
fendcrs of the Republic. Speak of disfrau-
chisclncm l I shall llave sulncllllug to say
of that by and by.
Slr, lhe valquisllell have ill-cl: accorded
their rights, and now how l.a~ the victorious
sovereignty t-xcrcisclllts llghls‘! To 5 cure
peace, to establish ju~1icc, and touguaranzy
the national safely: Illese Wt’l'ebul llsrighfs
and its duties. The mode a blob ll' as adopl-
ul if. these rccouslrucimn laws is denounc-
ed by Senators upon. the olhrr side and by
the l’rcsidc-ni as being contrary to the prin-
ciples. which I have laid down ll! four partic-
lllllI’S.
1. If is said lhe laws au- to be enforced by
mil'lary power, and are thus impressive.
2. It is said they are lujust because they
dislrauchisc a portion of lhe chm-us of the
revoltcd Sales.
3. They are said to be lllj~lsillgitlfl be-
cause they give control to a class. \
4. They are said to be dangerous because
they admit an unqualified c ass t - pol t'cal
functions.
These four particulars,l tllillk,cnlllrzlce
lhe four chlcl objections to the exercise of
the lights of a victorious sovereignty accord-
ing to the mode pursued in lhe reconstruction
laws; and Ipl’lnecdt .consider themjn fllL-ir
(ll‘del‘. '
These laws are S‘Illl lo be oppressive be
cause enforced by military power. How
should they be colon-ed ? 1'. was the duty
of sovereign to establish juslicqto secure
peucc, to guaranty the n llllllltll safety; and
the untaughf oligarchy which had lnsligutcd
this rebel ion was snuggling against every
effort made by the sovereign to perform these
duties, and it was llulnolrstr-tcd by its action
in the summers of 1865 and 1866 that it left
to it-cll it Would dellci each and t'Vt'l'y one
of thorn. What was the vlttorluus sover-
eignty to (’0 ill the transition ll‘llnl war to
peace and stable order? 6ch over lhe cor:-
ll'olol the revoltetl region to those whose
every ell'ult and uh-xsu whole animus was
llnslillty to the exercise of the rights of lhe
sovurelguly? Sir, it had but one duty it
must work out these itsul's, and it must
work them out through the income arm
with such military pow: r as the Exrcutive
saw fitto wield.
I‘- ll llppl‘EsSlVL‘? l' l: conllnllcd by lilr‘
vcr" President who shrinks SliCill‘llt‘Slly from
the exercise of military despotism! [Uiln'lll
to say, indeed, in justice to llll.‘ Stiltllflr from
Marvlalld, that his argument WliS dilecxcd
agaibsl bills upon oul‘luhlc for which fullne-
aclloll may he uqullld rather than against
the past legislation. But lhe dvlhlls of ll:>
argument WC": relululul by the Senator
from Pennsylvania, and are I'cltt'llllctl by lhe
Dunner-“lic prcss of the country, as valid
and sufficient against the laws now upon our
sl:i.lllt’.-bt obs. , What is lhls military force?
Wily, sir, a handful of those citizens who six
vests ado flew to arms for the salvation of
the nullllnal life. There is no State in which
there is a thumb part as many of them as
thcle were (tfillslltbits brim-c the war, accor-
d:ng 10 the calculation of' the Senator from
i’ullnsleallla. But what are they there for?
They llle lllclc lo pl'otlcl society in its ii‘zlll
suloll slate from anarchy and rebellion in
peace and stable order, and that is all. Was
there no necessity for their being sent [lit-11‘?
Was any Union man's life sale 1111 lhey wcrc
sent? Was the class that our legislation had
emancipated safe? Were not tumult and
murder and arson thccharactcr'sllcs of 5o-
ciely, if it may be called society, there 1’—
What should the Government do? A Van-
quisbell people prostrate at their feet up! an-
archy broodlng over 111cm ! What was the
Govunmem to do? Oh, you must not send
troops there; you must not keep a regiment
there, because it will be a military (lt‘SlNlllslil !
Sir, of all the prclrnses agmnsl a bemficcnl
and paternal Government which have cvr-r
been started since [he morning szuls Slog to-
gelhcl norle arc mun- l’lliaclous lllan this.
' But ll lsnvl-rlcd lllul your reconstruction
laws are an offense against lhe lights of the
American plople because they ill-franchise
an extensive class in the rcvullcd Slules,
sometimes estimated at filly thousand in
numbers. Now, sir, in reply to this charge
at (llsflanchiscurcnl, I lnccl. ll wllh a fin (to:-
nla‘. The reconstruction laws. disflullchisc
nobmlv. What is the cordlfloll of lhingsf'
I lhln'k l have shown that the people—t
. wil, those who were, according lo lhcdcflui-
5 lion of the Senator lloln Perms; hauls, the
qualified electors in those Stall-s at the (Ipcll-
lllg of the war—haul, by then sets of acqui-
escl:ce in and sanction of an attempted sc-
ccssion. abdicatcd flclr share in the sovcl-
eighty of the Republic, ulnl with that abdic-
’ tlou abdicated also cveryrlght which depend.
, ell lllt'l‘COII--lllt'll' light liiAl-xclclsc the suf-
- fl'agl', their light to clrcl State authorities,
and :heir right lo share in the Fedtrm pou-
(‘1'. Tile right to the suffrage and lhe llglll
t . do. 1 State alllllol-llics and their share in
' ch Federal power were ab ll: am: by the St ~
of llw
southern Slulls. It is n‘ vitrunclna-lllcnl
u lllCll has It“ tlwm where they placed llu-ul
. sol-Veil.
S r, we hch tlislrauchlscd nobody; but
lush-ml of that whu' We have we (lulu 2‘ Wt-
l have lxotsilllply cllllunclllsul llu- lllul k on n
' Thule “hit: 1101 only b'zlck men illvle willluul
lln- hold of suffrage when t'lls war clog-.1,
Lul lln-l‘c m to six hundred lhnu~awl \Vll'l-J
on n ullhoul ll-ul lishlJur Hwy haul volup-
ta‘fily ablli a cd ll. W1 at have we done? \Vt'
u re t‘ill'ulut'il'sul atoms :.1- mow a bin-
men, ahd Wl' ll'lVC lift the rcllluilllug fen
_ “lure lhry placed themselves, becaush lilo-v
, addedto tLell' Wllutary abdicaflou the guilt
l
of revolt and the crime of perjury. Nor
was that all; in addition to tluse Clinics
these were the man, this was the clue“. Wll"
dragged off those southern communities in»
to war upon the national life. We left them
life, we left them liberty, we left them prop-
erly, wOlcfi tllcm wllh regard to the suflruge
when: they were, where they had placed
lhclnsclves,rcscrviug at the same til {5 a pow-
er and a mode in ourselves by wl loh,acc.m-d-
ing to their good behavior. they should be
remitted even back to that.
[law we done wrong? Is there all 'n-
justice in all this? I beg American Sena rs,
before they east dishonor upon the good name
of this American Republic, lil lul'u llley sclld
fortl; broadcast to all the llmlonsnf the earth
these imputations upon lhe only true democ-
racy the world ever saw, that they will pay
a little heed to the lessons of history and
learn how monarch‘cs and urislocraclcs treat
their rebellious subjects.
But it is said, again, that these laws are
unjust because they give the control of the
southern States toa class. I am not going
to enter lnuch into those considerations
which grow out of the names “negro" and
“while man." Sir, when I look at a human
being I look at him as a man. When Ilook
at. an American citizen 1 look at him In ac-
cord to him lhe. rights which God and the
laws of his country have given him. If it be
true that to any class as such, black or white,
the rec :1 fraction luv 5 have given up llitlcal
supremacy ill the solllheru Slates then let
those laws be repealed. But, sir, the fact is.
not so. Senators harp upon the words “nt-
gro supremacy." \ The President repeats
them again and agaln in his message. I will
imputc nothing unkind to them. I will not
imitate the Senator from ludlaua, who last
addressed the Senate upon this subject, [ML
HENDRICKS] who imputed to us on this side
of the Chamber that for the sake of gaining
a pally supremacy we Were dishonestly ell-
dcavoring to oppress our fellow citizens of-
the Southern States. I impute nothing like.
that to these gentlemen. I believe they are
sincere; I bellevelhey are patriotic. I be-
lieve that they think that in these recon-
struction laws they see lhe seeds of danger,
and that pzltllollcally they are raising the
voice of warning. I think “my are.- mistaken,
and I argue against lhun =.s mistaken ; bull
will not follow their example and impute to
'lhem dishonesty and corruption ol‘mollve.
Have we glvcn the Control to a class '3 At
tel-the argument of the Senator from Wis-
consin ueurme [Mr Hown‘] on Friday last
It is idle for me to go over the statistics of
,lhaisubjecf. If any fact can be demonstrat
ed with malhemallcul not-urarcy he did delu-
onstrale that these laws do not confer the su-
premacy (.chl’ southern society upon the c‘ass
to which allusion is made. If his cslilnhles,
based upon statistics at this distance from the
scene of action, are considered to be unrelia-
ble. I call witnesses right from the spot; I
call witnesses to whom ncllher the Senalor
from Maryland nor the Senator from Penn-
sylvania will object. What is the language
of Governor Blown, of Georgia? He is a
reliable man, elevalcd by the penple‘ol that
community to the chief lnugl~trucy of the
State, active ill the opening 01 the warin be-
imll of' the rebellion, but accepting the deci-
sion of the contest and [)illl‘ltlllcnlly endeav-
orlng to restore society there to its normal
condition and bring back harmonious l'cla-
flous with file entire Repubhc. He comes
forward as a Witness,aml let me read “but he
says : .
“The people of the North have been toldlately that
the acts of Congress establish negro supremacy and
white subordination in the South. The charge is
fake. It was the. prevcrse ob-tl'nacy of the white
race refusing to take control that gave the negroes
power in the convention."
Does he not know? He lives there; be
voles there; these scenes are all passing be-
fore his eyes:
“There is flflecn thousand white majority in Geor-
gia. With this majority. and the boasted superiori~
ty of the race in intellect. education. cxpcricnce,and
\venlfh,it is a libel on the whilcmcu to say that ne-
gfgcs‘can rule intellect and capital and control num~
No wonder. sir, that the ex Governor of
Georgia repels the foul calumny upon the
men of his Se'ale which is hurled at them by
the Senator from Pennsylvania and the Sell-
ulor from Indiana who spoke last, ”Ir. ll EN-
cus.] To the same cfi'ccl—l will not
re. d ll—ls the testimony of Governor Oil‘,
of South Carolina, a Slulc in which the X16-
gsocs have the numerical m-nj ll’lly; but he
has no fear that that numerical majority ism
give the llcgrms of that Slate the political
supremacy there. Sir, you know him; he
_s<~rvcd in the other House of Congress while
you. have lift-ll here. lie has SL'l-il lhe pro
grcss of events for the lust fivu years; and it
lhe Sgnatur from Indiana [Mn HENDRICIG]
cannot lezlln anything from the logic of
events, the Governor of South Carolina has
learned.
But the fourth objection lo the moth-spro-
vided in the l't-cunstructlou laws is the one
which after all is in the eyes of the oppon-
ents the great ufiuuse. it is averted that the
Sovereignty of the Republic expresses list i!
in those laws dangerously to the future safety
of the nation, and therefore departs from its
duty, because it adm'ls unqualified citizens
lo the suflnlgc. Sir, the Semllur from Indl
nun. who on the Republican side [)L'. Mun
Trm]follchd the Scout )r from ‘. lsconslu in
this debate, has demonstrated the necesslly
oi the admission of this class to the sufl‘.
in fire lull States until I collsidelulloll, breathe
lt ls, wuhout that admission, impossible In
build up loyal Sruiu governments then-—
The Senator from Wisconsin who spa-kc um
Friday last, [Mn Hows] has dcmunslrulctl
that it is impossible for thesuvvrrigllly of
the Republic to establish jllslll‘t‘. wliimul llw
admission of that class lolhe 5011' am. And
now, sir, I uswr', and I believe it capable of
demonstration, that lh rc is no Safely l-) the
lirpullllc itself. there is no Safely in d. mo-
crulic institutions llnltss Ibis class he mlmii-
led in lhe sufi'luge, as they are lldlll ill-ll by
the reconstruction laws
When a great nation goes to war, wimh: 1'
than be: a foreign or clVll war, and when llml
war comes to its close, the one chief duly of
the sovelclgn is to Set: that, if pussibh flu-
(lausc out of which the war sprung shall be
re rifovcd and removed forever from 'hc body
politic. We haVc been through a great wal.
it has come in lls close. it had a cause. and
that cause should becast out «.1 lllL' lll‘lly
pnllllc and relli-lvcd fl-rcver. What wa» l: ‘.'
We ale accustomed to say that it was shn cry.
Sinll was, not because black llll-ll Wclc s'sves
that lhiscoul.lry go! lulu war. if was luc-
cause while men Wore oligarchs. II was llC-
cause slavrr: fed and suppoxtcd nllgalrclly.
I use the word oligarchy advisedly in contra
disllllctioll from arisrneracy, for :tllSlthI‘itcy
is ill theory the guvcrnrrlclll of the best.
while oligarchy is the governlnentol’ lm- few
without rclercuce in quullficullor s. Inn lla-
bly, out of the suit in of slavery existing
before the war mow up an oligalclly pl'edulll-
'lnani in a section, bound together by com-
munity of interest, on lil'Clilllll of such plu-
d -nlillauce and unity capable of lhlowillg its.
whole political force lnlo lh; scale of either
of the contending parthsof the other sec-
tion of the country and thus controlling llzt'
policy and actlor of the duvcrlllllem itself.
What had this oligarchy done? in lllc
c unnrunilics nhere it Wail predominant it
hallsllickcn down lhe delllorralic lile'vt' Su-
clcly; ll. lladfdrsll‘uy ed lib: Hy of spcl Cll nul-
lrcedom of the press. it had trlcken down
the sov'erclgnty of this Republic, for no lliull
could vote in llml section except as 111': oal~
glrchy dictated. Ill 1856 lvisilul nearly
cvrry motion (-1 my own Slate, urging if e
r-h-cllnn of u Iicpublican (:unllltule ll r fill-
Plcslllcucy. I ltlllild not have gone to one of
llicSlf Icll Slates and nskul the people to Vote
for lll'll ca. (1 d .tc w.lllol t or d mgcllng my
own ll'e-‘aud .1 any «net 1' them had dared
:0 follow lllt‘ advice 1 gave the oligarchy
would have taken his lite.
But that was not a". Not only had it thus
stricken dowr lhe deuulcralle life of its own
section, but allylug llaelf with one or the oth-
~l of lhe grout pzul cs of' lhe ulilcr scolion it
doluinalcd our the Govelumcul ol the
country, and aimed at lhe tlesllul'lll-n of lhe
dcuh Clam: spirit in the nallou llsell. 11 ml)-
llcd lllc umlls', it came boldly llt'lt' into the,
halls of Couglcss and llllgl the sovrrcign
[)el‘plt‘ that flu-5 should not. send their [It'll-
liolls llt'l'l‘ upon a particular sul-jv of. If ,r c-
Inklilllcll flu: spu-‘ul of lhe s) stem upon
which it lllrove all over lhe uuoccllplcl 'l‘r-l-
ritorius of lhe Republic, 1L debuuclml the
legislation cf the nation. And now, slr,‘
while this was going on, in the other great
section of the ill-public the democratic spir-
ll ‘wlllttll llt‘S al lhe foundation of'our insti-
llltznlls lrt'Vf’r-llt'ltSS ];rc\'..lic(l It 1510 ll-
c! llvl lzatloa and the in of clvrlm-nl'
l-u- from llu- Allolllll' m; b - ml in the Mlssls
slppl and flu.- pill”l'l-‘; and l' was inevitable
Illlli in UK: pl‘llgll :5 vi t‘t‘t'illfi, ll v le‘lilllt‘ru
cy ol the bmlh lillll :11: m chy of the
Scullll Whlllll CUnll- illlll Cul l-lull. 'l‘li: y lllll
so, and llzo n lgz-llf'lx) lull, “Mil wh- y.» rt, fcl
«here it slwul-l l'u- ll-i‘t'Vt‘l’. .
llu! II c plupusi‘n-ll in up a! llik‘fil‘ rv cull-
.sllu i-u- i.1v\.~',-lllulmllllg'rulll'lle-Flo-idem
«l in Unfit-ll fi‘lrllh, lllltl lhl llzollilicl On «.1
II tr lies erp-ll-Vll lly lllv Senator from
W: .c -,-..<.n urn adapted intentionally or “illu-
lenl-mml y l; rrcunsll‘llc- that Ollgzu [1y uv.
er the wll'olc South. Sir, an institution dots
not cease to he an institution because its bus-
1S ls changed. The oliguvcby of the old
tune, the oligarchy that stood upon the Po-
tomac and kept incl: northern civilization
wuh thc bowie knife and the revolver, the
oligarcy which debauched and dcmoralixed
the once noble Democratic party of this
Country, was 'nn oligarchy based on the ser
vitude of labor: and now that if has brought
this unparal-allcd woe llpon this Republic;
now that our sons and our brothers in un-
coupled thousands lie ill untimely cruvrs on
a hundred imlllc fields ; uowlhat $4,000.000r
.000 t 1 our lrt-uslflrr havebeensnnlllilaud in
the smoke of gunpuwpcr and the crash of
shound shell—nowJo-tlay, these gentlemen
come here and ask us again to build up an
oligarchy based on the distranchrsemcnt of
labor. Sir, whatever of reaction and ebb
and flow of the tide of public opinion there
may he, I, for one, feel certain that the peo-
ple of this Republic, after the experience of
thclnst sixty years and the blood and mill-
cry of the past six years, are not going to
consentlou‘l this. Will, you change its
character because you changolts basis ? The
Senator from W iscouaio may deny the ar ll-
mcnt, for he may deny the intention. of
what is the fact? Modify. your reconstruc-
tiou' laws 9) as 10 gch;h'é,cllntrol of' the bal-
lot-boxes substantiallyg ' oligalchy,
and you know they 61‘ ' ' on the cm.
fruuclliscment of the class which those laws
enlrunchlsc; you know that they will re-
duce that class to the condition of parlahs
and sorts, for they declare it in their every
act oflcgislation,in their every public speech
in their every newspaper press.
Sir, an ollgarchy dies hard, and to day the
effort which is made in these communities is
.10 rebuild it; and I sometimes am alnmsl
afraid that our Democratic friends, lcmrm‘
bering lheil long lease of powor by their al-
liance with the old ollgalchy, an: willing to
build up the new, thal thereby another un-
holv alliance may give them another lease.
But, sir, this is not all. I have said that I
did not believe the people of this country
would consent to the reconstruction of an
ollgalchy blSCd upon the disfranchisemcnt
instead of'lhe servitude of labor. Sir, they
cannot consent. The Senator from Indiana
[Mn linunnrcxs] does not understand the
logic of events. l’coulmend him to history.
Go back, sir, to «the settlement of this corm-
lry and’see what has been from the law of
ifs life. When two hundred and fifty years
also the first European sett'ers, Eugbsh,
Scotch, Irish, French, Spanish, Jwedisb,
dolled our Allaullc coast with their settle-
ments. they lift behind the feudalism of the
Old World, a‘tllorgb they brought with
thvm something, ludced,‘of 1h eVerence of
lhe Old \letl lnslllullons il hich they
had been nurtured; but, arrived here, they
stood between the wild ocean on the one
hand and the primeval forest )n the other;
arrived here, they wrought out in their con-
tests with that primeval nature the knowl-
edge oithc worth of individual manhood.
Here among our American forests, here in
. the wild recesses of nature, democracy was
born—mot the spurious, bastard issue of the
modern day, but that democracy which
loundlls grandest expressron in modem
'11ch in the Declaration ol Iudspondencc.
For one hundred and fifty years _Go_d train-
ed our lalhers so to be fit for that Declara-
linn ; and ill this country, although you do
‘nol quo'c it in your laws, although you do
not recite it in your Constitution, it is to-
,day more potent over the national life than
all constitutions and laws put together.
What 1qu it brought out ? What was the
condition of American society when that ill-
slnlmcnt was promulgated 1’ The Senator
from Maryland said the other day: that 511'-
lrage was not universal at the formation of
lhe Constitution in any Sta'e. It was not.
When that instrument was promulgated
there was States in a blob the old aristocrat-
ic system of church and (State survived.
Mine was Olin: of them. There were States
in which properly qualifications were llt:
luanded to admit a man to the exercise of a
sllnplepolllical right inherent in, his man—
hood. ’l‘ln-lc were Stairs in which the laws
z-i priuloguullurc srill kept up the old ulis-
loclalic condition of society. But lhe dcc.
lurulllln Went (“1' among them, and one after
the nlhu‘, church and State, primogcni-urc
and q-mllll. d suffrage went down before lilt-
spinl of a true democracy. Ias last exznflici
was u hll slavery. You know the result.
Tllt‘ d clarhllon has made this nation what
ll is. And has it not done ils work well?
G l uhel‘chr it has found its fullest and its
most expression: (here you will find law
uhd order most seculepthel‘e you will find
most churches and most school houses;
there \ou wxll find most happy villages and
hear most of the busy hum of indllstry.—- .
All-J lllal power in this country is omnipo-
u-nl yul.‘ It has bet-ll withstood by this oli-
garical 53 51cm based upon slavery, If is
\\ uhsloud today by lhe shine oligalclly Suck-
ing a new basis upon the disli’alzchisemcnt of"
lanlzlll; but Inc lauur Sll'tll full inforc it as did
“It: lolulcr. Sir, i1 lllla Republic is t) su—
viva, if our pl'Slt‘llly are to inherit any of
the ble~slngs which we elj.:y.you must have
u lluxrxogcncnus Republic, and a homogene-
ous pea-p'e, wllh homogeneous institutions
1mm lhe fuses to the gulf, and from the Al-
lunllr: to the Pacific; and the progressthe
hzslury, lulll the trullcllclcs of the American
life dcmonstla‘e that homogenily must he
mun lhe true democrall: basisol the Dec-
lunlllun of IlillepcudeBC'. Hrucelheuctlon
of Congress in the (nuclmculof the recon
sum-lion laws has been not only necessary
in the national Stilt ty and just lo the entran-
ulusml classes, but an incvuablc result of lhe.
:clllleueit s of American society and our
Allltlllflzlll systvm. '
In reply to all lllls it is argued that the
negro ls_uufil lu ville. Sir, I will not repeat
the argument which his been lllac'e here-as
r . wu.» made him so, for after all, that is not,
an answer to the declaration of his unfitness.
ltnl first, in I". left-11cc to the scope which is
L'lVl n to the chargeql unflln'ess, I deny ii.—
Slpr-clhe Cnlllllcllliillflid proclamation of lel:“.
V.t>l lllltllllcl'S of lhe lit-«gr .es of this Country
lcme bccu etllmulcd ill or rapidly than any
people well: our e-luclled lcfolc. l haw:
sum them. just I‘SCllpo ll from the in miss
lines, fl :(k-ng to on c. m; s, and bylhc flick-
t‘llllL’ light of lhe camp-file learning their
smiling no k or slumbling Och llll:lI‘ first
“Hl‘lln in the New 'l‘c~lallllelll. They had
learn: ll lhal flute the gland principle was
inuglll that limp-101‘ and tll‘SplSt'd are neigh-
lmhln me no}: and lhe haughty. They built
sch-m. Imus-t 3 True. my Democratic friends
have burned llu m down l'Vll' their heads; but
llll.'_\ have not tivspnllcd. ’l‘llcrc nrvcl' W213
a p «pr: so eagerly crowding the avenues to
lulu“ ledge us these people are lo-day. Sir,
2m: you going to teach men it) swim by keep-
ing illun sprawling upon the banks of the
silent" 2’ [low shall tluse men he made fit ‘9
w til you give them 0' acts by excludlng them
from the ballot?
The argument of unfituess vi llich the S -n-
alur illllii Widonsln [)lr. DOOLITTLE] made
agulusl this race, although it may haVe been
original, was not new. Go back only two or
three yclus in the debates in lilo,Brlflsll Pan
llalucul upon lhe last reform bill; take up
the spa-(ell of Mr Lou e. of the London
'l‘nnl s, the :rllvl catch! the English ails-fuck
lacy, algulnsl flu: Englliliv laboring while
“lit", and you will find lllrl'é every argument
lll al lhe Sl‘liti'fll' from Wisconsin advanced
agrnsl the negro. The urgumenlsof oli-
gurchy are the same the world over.
' l s;;y, lllel‘cltlll’, for it great pnflluii of“ those
"1'le enfmucl isell cili‘zens if is not true lllul
they all: pulls. and for the other portion it is
lluoshaf the shortest. readicst way to make. '
them fit is lo 3 v-- them the ballot. So", you
won: sin-my sole ; you Want pea Ce and good
lll".l(‘l lu [il'rV .ll in your communities. Wlll
vi. vocal in killing s i by keeping them a
pull. a class in dean-«labou, sullen. and dis
(7 n'e! ml, stein; above them 'tlgllls and
p:- v ll-g s: which llilll' God givelrinsuncts
to. up [i em lu-Iou: to them, llul Stair-g th- in.
scivrs mohair-d from them only because. an,
Miler lzlct.‘ is pilel-facul than their own?
1\'- sir; iicarct.‘ uild sniety, the duly 4 f 11:}:
yo humus. S'IV’t'IClgn'lll the close 01 me clVli
Conll‘l‘l, can only be affair ed by the means
which all: provide-l ill rt fen nce to this class
of Allil'llllilu (‘lllZlni by lhe are of rxcou-
slructior.
Now, :ll‘, 10 rrcapilulate: lhavc shown
Illal lhe- Es'wl: pl rselltcll hue by the Senators
from Mary land and Pennsylvulla IS based
upon lhe-ir nib-gall. n liml the NC usllucnon
laws all:llllCtvllSlllulltllllzl; and :nldrrllealh
ill 1‘ allocation lizs ‘ho -‘I trial -~i American
nullunn‘i‘l. l have slnuall llm' 1hr prople
of lwts licpll‘ lic are one nation; xlml the
SnvelrlgI-lv of Hull 'l‘lllt'll is by lhe Cnllstl
llllll‘ll ;I'a~3"ailllu-.' 1-: h.- III the p: nplx: lllem-
Sclv r; llml llll.‘ pcuplv, llilll. ls. 'llt-(j'1lilit1d
(~lc'r- lll>Hl lllc ‘lrtll hinlrts lul “hull we are
lug-staring. by lll'il' arcs: of secession nilll
mum-ml xi or .u q'lil tom tom lhlueac is, ab-
imp-o llll ir pull nu . f rt vcrulguly, and “it h
n =V:‘i", l (\llllutl -l:l:: and lullelluu d- pend-
t-nl ilul- u in“; tlial.‘nl-_ the chm: if the War
the rghl l lhe onlyglight which Illey cou’tl
l‘llllill of thr- vil-‘or‘was l-leul‘cnc. ; that both
m.- light and the (at; of lbs 1! (ll-1‘ was in
(rule penny lo l8hbl=sll ju Inc, and lo
gnuunty the adrenal filiuly; l. a! the recon-
slrucilou acts must be tried by lhese criter,
Norwalk Chronicler