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PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY MORNING BY A. H. BYINGTON & 0.0.. AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM, IN AD'VANdii.
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NORWALK GAZETTE.
OFFICE IN GAZETTE BUILDING.
' ._ 'g‘ [al.WHII'SYING‘l'ON & co,
lH'BrINOTON, J. B. ELLs, G. N. ELLs.
Advertising Rates .
one insertion,
two insertions,
‘ “"v three insertions, ‘
“ one month,
two months,
tnree months, \
' ' " six months,
" one year-with paper
{we S usres, one year—with paper,
pot dltioual Square, per year,
one half'column, one year, 40 00
One Columnyoiie year, 75 00
Fifteen lines, 0:100 words,make a square. Fraction-
al arts of} a‘ ‘sQnarecharged for as a whole.
l’esrly. flvoflisements payable 1st of January &July.
rangevmners restricted to the business contem-
# attic “time of contract.
. .I’llllllfi “ma-will be infiexibly adhered to. .5
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"* Norwalk Post Office.
-, ' ms CLOSE,
Wat 7.30 A. M.-2.30 P. M.
Hot 8.30 A. M.——5.00 P. M.
Danbury & N orwalk Railroad 8.50 A. M.
Wastou,‘Redding and Bedding Ridge, Tues-
days, Thursdays and Saturdays, at 12 M.
. ' MAILS DUE.
West 9.10 A. M.—6.CL‘ P. M.
m: 8.20 A. M.—3.30 P. M.
Dunbar-y 62 N orwalk Railroad 8.00 A. M.
‘ - , ' roar orrrcn nouns.
rim 7.00 A. M. to 8.00 P. M.
CHARLES OLMSTEAD, r. M.“
“'54-. MOSMAN, M. 3.,
' I I Homaadpiathie
Physician and Surgeon,
OICe ov'e'r C.'J. Gruman’s Store,
NORWALK,‘ CONN.
Office hours from 1 to 3 P. M.
Dr. J. 'J.’ WALLACE,
norar'rroria'rnls'r,
Ofllce at'Dr. Moody's late Residence,
. WssT AyaNUs,
‘ NOR WALK, 0'0va.
Slate at Mr. Frank News Store, South
Norwalk.
. ‘. _ N e w .
HARDWARE 8t PAINT STGBE,
H a i n S t r e e t,
Opposite I. H. Campell’s Confectionery,
MARVIN a raow'rr'r,
Wholesale and retail Dealers in Hardware,
Cutlery, Paints, Oils, Glass, Paper Hang- _
lugs, Window Shades, die.
JAMES G. 3.533008,
, sunorcar. AND MECHANICAL
"D N 11- I 3 Ir,-
081cc at Residence, East Avenue, Norwalk,
~- " I Connecticut.
, Architecture.
Iguassu M. STONE,
ARCHITECT,
Will furnish Plans, Specifications, Detail
Drawings, and superintend the erection of
Iblici and private buildings. Oflice in Mar~
elmock, Chapel-st, New Haven, Ct. tf52
L 3‘ no. F.,BELDEN, Norwalk, Conn.,Mau-
Ti'ufacturer of Tin, Copper, and Sheet
1104- Ware; and dealer in Stoves, ges,
lutnaces, Cutlery, Brittannia, Wooden - and
Willow Ware, Crockery; and a full assort-
ment of House Keeping articles generally.
1.0. s. Loczwoon,
Frgh'ionable Draper & Tailor,
_ . and
«GENTLEMEN’S FURN ISHIN G
EMP OBIUM I
llo:8.:Skiddy‘s Block, Main-st, Norwalk, Ct
o.- N. ounces-nan a co.,
, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
Groceries, Flour, Peed, he,
14' and 16 Main-st, Norwalk, Conn.
li'l‘lIA maneuver. company,
_ Of Hartford.
Incorporated in 1819, Charter Perpetual.
Cash Capital $1,000,000
Insure against loss-and damage by Fire
o’n'Te'rms adapted to the bazard,aud
consistent with . the laws of
, ’ 1 compensation.
GEORGE R. COWLES, Sole Agent "
lv8. For Norwalk and vicinity,
DENTAL cm.
“N impression having gone abroad that
1’ the undersigned has relinquished his
profession, this is to inform his friends and
.he public that he still continues the practice
of his profession at his 011 stand, foot of
Main-st, Norwalk, where he will be happy
to tender them his best services. In case of
temporary abscuce,a skillful assistant will be
I mud in attendance at the Office, ready and
Willing to serve all that may call.-
A. HILL, D. D. S.
A. JACKSON 6!. 330.
No. 1 Gazette Building.
WOULD respectfully announce to the
public and their old customers, that
they have recently made extensive additions
to their stock of geods. We are now prepar-
ed to offer an assortment not to be surpassed
in F'alrfield Count , in quality or price. We
would call partic or attention to our stock of
Watches, which is lar er than ever before.—
We have a line lot of adies’ Swiss Watches,
i‘nzgold cases, at prices varying from $20 to
'
which we can recommend as bein cor-
rect time keepers. Also, Gentlemen’s atch-
es, in silver and gold cases, at any price'fiom
5 to 8.00. We buy of the best importers in
ew Yerk, and altogether for cash, so that
our- facilities for selling cheap could not be
atcf. Our stock of Jewelry, Silver and
later; Wares was never better than at pres-
cut, and comprises all or the latest styles that
are manufactured. A. JACKSON & BRO.
[SH POLES, Traveling Ba k t
Baskets, Work Baskel’s. ails?) chggdt:
Ware in general, at
C. & E. K. LOCKWUOD do 00.
“] 001) all lcntrths, at S. E. OLMS'I‘EA
& CO'S Wdaod Yard, for sale low. D
Window Shades.
A SPLENDID' Assortment of Window
Shades just received and for sale b
' MARVIN & PROWI T.
Nov. 3rd, 1862.
Children’s Carriages,
PRICE rangin from $1.50 upward, at
_ C. & E. LOCKWOOD & 00.
a—
_. -._. . ....._ '______-1;__,,., ,. 9...... . . ..
D. PRITCHAR D, M. D.,
Physician and Surgeon,
Residence next door to Ruggles’ Store,
MAIN STREET,
SOUTH NORWALK, CONN.
Mrs. Tindall, in the new block
BENNEH’S BUN-DING,
,No. 17 and 19 Main St,
' ILL call the attention of the public to
her new and well selected assort-
ment of MILLINEnr Goons, at a very small
adcance from former prices. Velvels very
cheap for these times. Feathers, Ribbons,
Flowers, &c., «be. She will give her atten-
tion to the business at all hours of .the day
and evening, up to the usual hours of clos-
ing. ~ All orders promptly filled. Ready
made Bonnets on hand. Bloomers trimmed
.in unique styles. . 45
New Goods
ron Tar. neurons.
TOYS, China Mugs, Match Boxes, Motto
_ ' Cups, Motto MnngTuses and Cologne
Bottles.
Also, Toy Tea Setts, China Tea Setts, plain
and band, and a large assortmeutof all kinds
of Crockery. Sold by .
- E W & H. H. SMITH,
Phoenix Block.
Whitney a. Beckwith,
Psorosasrusas,
GIznTTn BUILDING, N onwxnx, CONN.
MBROTYPEB, MBLAINOTYPBS,
and PHOTOGRAPHS. plain, retouch-
‘edu‘ or colored, in the best style of the Art.
Cartes de Visitesin all styles. Stereoscopic
Groups, Views of Private Residences and
GrOunds taken.
. A good assortment of Rosewood, Gilt and
Passe Partout Frames, for Photographs and
Cartes de Visites.
E, T. WHITNEY.
Roofing.
R. A. Bacxern.
' ties buildiu‘g, with Warren's superior
FELT'AND CEMENT ROOFING.
Norwalk Lock Company’s Building, and at
Lounsbury, Bissell & 00 s, where it‘gives eu-
'tire.satisfactiou, and is believed to be the
cheapest as well as the best roofing in use.—
All orders will receive rompt attention.
tiBS ' C. . LOCKWOOD.
N.‘ B.— All orders left at the store of A.
Morehousc, Main street, will be promptly at-
tended to, Inquiries freely answered.
War Claims.
THE undersigned, through the agency Of
reliable friends in Washington, is pre-
pared to secure Bounty Money, Back Pay,
Pensions, and claims of all kinds against the
Government. Charge for collecting from
two to five per' cent. No charge will be
made for advice given in relation to claims,
and. no fee charged unless the claim is col-
lected. JOSEPH W. WILSON.
Aug. 22, 1862.
am scanner saucers,
Between Main and Broad Streets, an
CANAAN, CONN.
J. W. EDMONDS, Proprietor.
. OrsTEas served in any st lo, and for sale,
b the Quart or Gallon. A so, all kinds of
FyBUl'l‘, UONFEC'I‘IONERY, and other Rnrnnsn-
MENTS. Private Supper Rooms for Small
Parties. Also, in connection with, but in
separate apartments, a first—class SuavINo
AND HAIR Dnasero SALOON.
'I'O CAPTAINS
AND
OWNERS of VESSELS.
THE undersigned has taken the SHIP
YARD and MARINE RAILWAY,
(formerly owned Clark & Ritch,) in
Greenwich, Conn, where he intends to car-
ry on all kinds of
Ship Building and Repairing,
‘ of Vessels.
He keeps constantly on hand all kinds of
Paints and Oils, Timber of all kinds
for the repair of vessels. SHIP SMITH
WORK done in the best manner, and with
dispatch, on as favorable terms as any other
marine railway in the couultiy.
24 ' E. . MERRITT.
NEW PURNISHING STORE,
IN JAMES" NEW BUILDING,
Water Street, Norwalk.
I HAVE at my Store in Norwalk the largest
assortmentot
Household Furniture
in this county, consistin of Bureaus of all
kinds, Lounges, Sofas, ete—a-Tetes, Card
Tables, Marble top pier Tables and Center
Tables, Wash Stands,
EX1 ENSI 01V TABLES,
CHAIRS and ROCKERS of all kinds,
Looking Classes,
Picture Frames, and everything else in the
Furniture line cheap for Cash.
Repairing, .
done promptly and by experienced workmen.
Undertaking,
I have on hand a large assortment of
COFFINS, of the best materials, and' Will
furnish shrouds, carriages, hearse, and every-
thing necessary for the burial of the dead,
cheaper than can be obtained elsewhere.
have as good a Hearse as there is in the
county; and will attend Funerals in neigh-
boring towns, without extra char e.. .
‘ ' ELBERT RA MOND.
Norwalk, May 1st, 1862. _ . 44
Splendid-Attractions
FOR THE HOLIDAYS.
THE Firm of KNAPP alt LYNES
would inform their old frieufis‘aud pat-
rons that they have made an extensrve addi-
tion to their stock of DRUGS, MEDICINEs,
Pnnruunav, PATENT MEDICINES, FLAVOR-
rNG EXTRACTS, POMADES, and other articles
usually found in a First-Class Drug Store,
and are prepared to furnish anything in their
line of business at the lowest possible rates.
Flavoring Extracts,
Of the finest quality, constantly on hand;
among which are to be found Vanilla, Lem-
on, Alr'noud, Rose, Peach, Celery, Raspberry,
Strawberry, Pineapple, Jamaica Ginger, «to.
Also, a splendid assortment of Lenin’s,
and KNAPP dc LYNEs’ HANDKERCHIEF
EXTRACTS and COLOGNES. Also, a
superior quality of Hair Oils and Pomades.
' VERY BODY wants the Tax Pay.
E er’s Manual, containing all the
items of Taxatieu,lth%gode 0ft proceeding,
dtl d t' 0 tie cers,a
an w u ies SELLECK’S.
Clothing neatly Cleaned and
Repaired.
MRS. ANN E. WOOD would inform the
citizens of Norwalk, that she still con-
tinues to renovate old garments; will clean,
alter, repair, brighten, and restore the col-
lars, and make them look all-most equal to
new garments. E. O ,
Over Echo’s Drug Store.
This article Of Roofing is in use upon the .
1 true in a certain sense.
The'True Issue.
. BY HON. raaucrs sitter-rs.
Curse on 'the innovating hand, that ’tempts itl
Remembtrhini, 'the villain, righteous Heaven,
In thy great day ofvengeancel Blast the traitor,
And his pernicious counsels; who,vfor wealth,
For pow’r, ' the pride of greatness, or revenge.
Would phage his. native land in civil war.
When the hells of the fall of tort Sum-
ter reached Richmond the rebels of that
city, in the intoxication of their frantic
joy, seized a slave boy and seated him on
the statue of Washington, which stood in
one of its public squares. ' Horrible pro-
fanity ! Brutal outrage l Barbarous indig-
uity ! Such arc'the exclamatious which
this shameful deed prompts to the lips of
the true hearted, who venerate the mem-
ory of the great liberator and father of
his country. The slave surmouuting
Washinton ! Slavery exalted above lib-
erty—a—could the rebellion have a fitter
symbol?
This act of madness, so spontaneous
and insulting to the dear memory of
Washington, illustrates, as wrth sunlight
the nature and objects of the 'rebellion.
That slave boy, as he sat. upon that mar-
ble head, and heard the jubilant shouts
and jeers of the impious villains who
mounted him there, must have had some
inkling, at least, of the significancy of the
scene. A slave sitting upon the monu-
mental head of Washington qu that dis-
gusting spectucle‘the world sees the char-
acter and aims of the rebel chiefs who
plunged the nationinto war. It is thus
symbolized as a war for the destr ction
of liberty and the excitation of slavery; as
a war of despotism against democracy ;
of absolutism against freedom, waged by a
band of God defying and man-crushing
HE subscriber is prepared to furnish pargmauspirators, who, for a long time have
been pouring out their vials of wrath up-
on freedom, aud cursing her brave deft-n.
ders. They have been scouting democ-
racy as a pestileut phantasm pernicious
, to society, and landing slavery as the “cor.
uer Stone” of all good government, and
the harbinger of the political millennium.
They have declared, over and over again
their hatred of everything free, and their
determination to extend the law of sla-
very over the whole country. In 1836,
Gov. McDuffie predicted within twenty.
five years the triumph of slavery over the
North and the subjugation of its laboring
population which, said he, ”bleached or
unbleached, is a dangerous element in the
body politic.”
Some twenty years ago' Calhoun, the
father or nullificatiou and secession, stood
up in the Senate of the United States,
and declared the doctrine of equal human
rights set forth in the Declaration of the
Fathers,'to be a “rhetorical flourish,” and
attempted to refute the 'assertiou therein,
that “all men are created equal” in po-
litical rights, by plumply denying that
men are created at all, but that “babies
are born, and men grow from them!”
This was the great discovery of the great
nullifier.
This rebellion had its source directly
in a deep and malignant hatred of freed-
om and free government. Its diabolical
aim is to crush democracy, and erect a
slave oligarchy on its ruins. It is often
said to had its origin in slavery. This is
But for the de-
bauchery and perversion of slavery this
hatred would not have engendered, and
instigated its victims to madness. The
cup of slavery is the Cireau cap which
has transformed men into beasts, and
made them fit for treason. While it is
true, then, that the rebellion sprang pri-
marily from that odious phase of charac-
ter superiuduced by slavery, it is no less
true, that secondarially, it grew directly
out of a lust for power, vaulting ambition,
aristocratic contempt of the poor, and a
morbid hankering after the gewgaws and
trappings of royalty. Hence the war was
, undertaken, not so much to strengthen,
extend and perpetuate slavery, as to sub-
vert our free government, and establish
a despotism. With this end in view, the
rebel chiefs haughtily spurned all some
promise, and seizing their swords, struck
for revolution. They had really no fear,
as Some of them frankly said, of any in-
justice from Lincoln’s administration, and
confidently anticipated the full enjoyment
of all their rights under the constitution;
but not content with this they wanted, as
they said, a different constitution based
on slavery.
“ It is a gross mistake,” says DeBow
in his Review, " to suppose that abolition
alone is the cause of disseusiou between
the North and South. * * We are
the most aristocratic people in the world.
Pride of caste, and color, and privilege,
make every man an aristocrat in feeling,
* * At the North, the progress and
tendency of Opinion are to pure democra-
cy, less government, anarchy, and agra-
riaflism. * * Military despotism is far
preferable to Non/ism Democracy.”
Says L W. Spratt of South Carolina,
in a letter to the Charleston Mercury,
“ Having achieved one revolution to es-
cape the democracy at the North, it
[slavery] must still achieve another to
escape it at the South;” that is, accord-
ing to his argument, must reopen the
_ African slave trade, and exclude free la-
bor by filling the South with slaves.
Says A H. Stephens of Georgia, the
rebel vice president, “This stone [slavery]
which was rejected by the first builders,
[Washington and his compatriots] ‘ is
become the head of the corner" in our
new edifice.”
Rowe’s Jam; Shore. '
Already certain Southern newspapers,
such as the Raleigh Standard and the
Atlanta Intelligeacer, are sounding the
toesiu of peril to the confederate govern-
ment from a vas; conspiracy which has
been discovered in rebeldom, “in favor of
a military despotism, or a king." Their
writers Ire alarmed by the remarks so
common from men in high positions, that
“ they are tired of freedom,” and think
the " English government to be the best
government on earth.” They begin to
see the smoke and flames of hell toward
which they are drifting under the black
flag 'of secessionism, and cry out with
terror. they begin to understand the
motives which instigated the arch-
rebels to lift their red bands against a
government, which Davis and Stephens,
not long before their revolt, had pro-
nounced “the best government on earth.”
It was, not primarily, to extend and
strengthen slavery, but under this pretext,
as President Jackson had predicted, to
subvert this government and substitute a
despotism; to change democracy into
absolutism. The chained slave, although
he. appears in the tragedy, is simply the
victim of the plot. On his neck the
plumed chieftaius who strut across the
stage, brandishing their parricidal dag.
g‘, seek to vault into despotic suprema-
cy, and give law to the continent.
In DeBow’s Southern Review for last
August. we find the following frank dis-
closure of Southern sentiment: “A na-
tion trammeled with a written constitu-
tion is like a man with his hands mana-
cled. Its capacity for: action is cramped
and diminished. The Confederate Cou-
stitutiou is a mere tub thrown over to the
whale. No intelligent man who voted for
it deemed it would be permanent, but con-
sidered it only a temporary expedient, a
giving way for the time to popular preju-
dices. * * No people can be well
ruled by a government of limited power,
by a constitutional government.”
Can any one then, be so blind as to
mistake the great issue, and limit it to
anything less stupendous than the cause
of democracy and free government, not
only for this country, but for Europe and
the world, ages to come? On the results
of the contest are staked the best and
dearest hopes of humanity, the world
over. The nations are looking on this
fearful drama with breathless anxiety.
Should the star of liberty go down amid
the smoke of the conflict, what a night
of gloom and despair would cover the
earth l Tyrants would clap their hands
as they should see its last glimmering
light fade away; but how would their
poor victims weep with anguish,and cry_,to
God l Should the conspirators succeed in
their mad crusade against democracy, and
quench the light of freedom on our altars,
when and where could the Promethiau
fire be found to relight the flame 2’
Brothers : with so great and vital in-
terests depending on the conflict, shall
we not press on, counting uo sacrifice too
great, and no endurance too long ? The
blood shed in such a cause will be a life-
'cup to the groaning nations; the tears
of sorrow which fall like showers on the
graves of liberty’s martyrs, are sacred to
God and posterity. Cost what it may,
this high-handed satanic onslaught upon
the rights of man must be crushed, and
the slave-boy snatched from the monu-
mental head of Washington, appear at
his feet, trampling upon his brokeuchains,
and listening to lessons of liberty from
the lips of liberty’s great champion, as.
the symbol of our redeemed country.
With that omnipoteut Ally who, as J ef-
ferson said, “has no attribute that can
take sides with the slaveholder,” let us
press on, remembering in the hottest of
the strife the words that so served our
Revolutionary fathers, in their seven
years’ conflict, “ Resistance to tyrants is
Obedience to God.”
“ Now mothers of the people, give'your babes heroic
milk ;
Sires, soul your sons for daring deeds—no more soft
words of silk;
Great spirits of the mighty dead-come near and
fire our mind ; ‘
Their glory amites our upward look,-—we are no
longer blind ;
They tell us how they broke their bonds, and whisper
‘ so may ye‘ ;
One sharp, stern struggle, and the slaves of centuries
are free;
The hero’s heart with pulse like cannon panteth for
the tray,
And brother‘s, gallant brothers, we'll be witli you in
that day."
.-.-. ,
a. Here is an extract from a Speech
recently made before the Alabama Legis-
lature, by rebel Yancy. It would be-
well for those who are seeking to create
strife, disseusiOu and jealousy here at the
North, to beware how they weaken and
disparage the government, and thus af-
ford aid, comfort and encouragement to
treason : .
“We have something to hOpc, however,
from this division of the councils of our
enemies—from their fierce party Strife
and jealousies. Upon this hope let us
build our owu unity—-—upou their jealous-
ies let us build our own harmonywupon
these clashings or party interests let as
band together our own patriotic energies
—upon their selfishness and folly let as
base a prayer to God that He would eni
able as to exhibit in behalf of our be-
loved country, a self-sacrificing wisdom,
both in Opinion and action, in all mat-
ters appertaining to our defence.”
__.___._..‘_. . ‘.’o
la,Hou. Schuyler Collax has given
his extra mileage, $629.34, to the Indi-
ana Commission: for the benefit of sick
and wounded soldiers.
l
CONSTITUTloNAL AND DES-
POTIC CONSCRIPTION.
'l‘hc reuctiouists are trying to make an
ado about the Enrolling act recently,pas§-
ed by Congress, and declare it oppres-
sive beyond precedent in our history. It
would ‘be a sufficient reply to this torsay
iu general terms, that the rebellion we are
dealing with is also without precedent in
our history, or in fact in the history of
the world ; and that in order to deal
with so monstrous au excressence we are
justified in resorting to every me ans nec-
essary, new as well as old.
But Mr. Van Bureu, in his speech at
Cooper Institute, showed that in 1839,
while the country was at peace with all
the world, and when war was only threat-
ened, a democratic majority in Congress
conforcd on a democratic President pow-
er over the purse and th’e sword, equal
to, if not greater, than that conferred by
the present Enrollment act and the Treas-
ury Note law upon President Lincoln.
He showed, too, that the country, by the
majorities it gave for the democratic tick-
et after this vigorous and patriotic action
proclaimed its approval. At the very
worst, then, it is evident that the last
Congress perpetrated no greater wron‘
than to follow in the footsteps of the
democratic party at a time when that
party was honorable, patriotic and wise.
Mr. Van Bureu, if he had deemed it
necessary, might have gone on to show
that nearly all the features of this Enrol-
ment act, which the copperheads con-
demn, are substantially conformed to the
provisions of the many previous acts pass-
ed by Congress for enlisting and organi-
zing the armed forces of the nation. We
find on the records a dozen or more of
such acts-rfrom the year 1791 to the
year 1846—1111 of them differing in some
respects, but nevertheless agreeing in the
one fundamental fact that they confer ex-
traordinary powers upon the President.
It is inevitable, in the nature of the case,
that they should do so. The President
is made Commander-in Chief of the mili-
tary and naval forces by the constitution;
he is entitled as such to complete and ex-
clusive control of the means and applian-
ces of war ; and if Congress .did not
vote him the necessary supplies and pow-
are, his office would be brought to an end
simply because there was no way of car-
ryiug it on. Mr. Madison could not
have conducted the war with Great Brit-
ain in 1812, nor Mr. [Polk the war
against Mexico in 1847, if they had not
been clothed with authority which, in a
time of peace, would be justly deemed
exorbitant and dangerous.
As to the pretence that the conditions.
of the present enrolment laws are likely
toprovc peculiarly onerous and oppres-
sive to the poorer classes of citizens. it
has no foundation. Of course, all laws
for forcing unwilling men in to the army
are objectionable to the subjects of them.
All couscriptious, in fact, are more or less
odious to the 'popular mind. No one
likes to be compelled to do anything,
just as Jack Falstaff refused to given
reason on compulsion, though they were
as plenty as blackberries. But there is
a vast difference between a moderate,
carcfully~guarded and judicious act for
the enrolment of citizens in defence of
their country—like that just passed—
and a real Conscription law, such as pre-
vuils in many European countries and in
the rebel states.
To show this, let us compare our own
law with that of the South. The Union
“ act for enrolling and calling out the na-
tional forces,” as it is entitled, declares
all able-bodied male citizens between the
ages of 20 and 45 years subject to mili-
tary duty, The rebel "Conscription act,”
as it is properly named, with its amend-
ments, now enforced in southern states,
declares all white male citizens, between
the ages of 18 and 55 to be actually'part
of the rebel army ; and to be treated as
deserters if they do not voluntarily enroll .
themselves and take up arms.
The union law exempts from service
first, all such as are physically or mental-
ly unfit ; second, the only son of a widow
depending upon his labor for support;
third, the only son of an aged or infirm
parent or parents depending upon his la-
bor for support ; fourth, where there are
two or more sons of aged or infirm pa.
rents subject to draft, the father, or, if
he be dead, the mother, may elect which
son shall be exempt; fifth, the only broth-
er of children not twelve years old, hav-
ing neither father nor mother, and de-
pendent upon his labor for support ;
sixth, the father of motherless children
under twelve years" of age, dependent
upon his labor for support ; and seventh,
where there are a father and sons in the
some family and household, and two of
them are in the military service of the
United States as non-commissioned 'ofli-
ccrs, musicians or privates, the residue of
such family and bousehdld, not exceeding
two shall be exempt. Thus it makes
careful and eSpecial provisions in favor
of the poor and helpless, and exempts
none 'of the wealthier clas.es.
The rebel cOuscription act, however,
exempts in the first place all the slaves—
wbo are the property of the rich plau-
tcrs; although the free negroes of the
South have been everywhere pressed in to
the service. - But, secondly, not conten-
ted with thus exempting the property of
the wealthy, and taking out of the
half the sble~bodied men of the South,
the act further exempts au~ able-bodied
white man for every twenty sla'ves—-tbat
is to say, whoever is sufficierltly wealthy
to owu twenty slaves, is thereby relieved
from military duty. But no provision is
found in favor Of the poor whites or their
helpless families. . The only son of a poor
widow, the father of motherless children
—if he is poor—the biother of helpless
orphans—unless he is a wealthy slave-
owuer—is forced into the army, though
the mother or children starve to death—
as many have'doue.
The Union law offers a bounty of fifty
dollars to every soldier who re-eulists for
a year ; but does'uot make reenlistments
compulsory. The rebel law, passed just
before the time when the term of service
of a great part of the rebel army expired
declares briefly that “all persons who are
now in the amiss of the Confederacy,
and whose term of service will expire be-
fore the end. of the war, shall be contin-
ued iu the service for three years," die.
If our Congress had passed such a law
as this not one of our two years or nine
months men would receive his discharge
at the close of his term of servicef It is
notorious that this provision was strictly
and even inhumauly enforced. by. the reb-
el leaders, whereby great inflating was
caused among the families of the poor
deceived soldiers—for it applies only to
the workiugmeu. ,Slaveholders are ex-
empt from service ' ' _ ' '
The Union law authorizes the Presi-
dent to take the necessary, measures-for
enrolment or draft, dividing the country
into districts which are to;correspond
with the Congressionaldistricts. This is
especially spoken against by the copper-
heads, who declare it an outrage that
the President should act in the matter at
all. The rebel act declares, section 3d,
"That for the enrolment of all persons
comprehended within the provisions of
this act, who are not already in service in
the armies of the Confederate States, it
shall be lawful for the Presidint, with
the consent of the Governors of the re-
spective states, to employ state ofiicers;
and on failure to obtain such consent, he
shall employ Confederate oflicers charged
with the duty of making such enrolment,
in accordance with rules and regulations
to be prescribed by him.” Thus the Gov-
ernors of states are in the bluntest man-
ner informed that no refusal of theirs will
be considered ; and while our law prec
scribes to the President the precise man-
nor in which he is to make the enrolment
and draft, and thus carefully protects the
people‘from wrongful assumptions of au-
thority, the rebel act gives unlimited pow-
er, iu matters of detail, to Jefferson Davis.
The Union law fixes the price to be
lars, a sum within the reach‘ of men of
very moderate means, who may find it
impossible to serve without great dis.
tress to those dependent upon them. The
rebel act has no such regulation; and
the consequences is that substitutes'can-
not be obtained, in the South for less
than one thousand dollars, and, indeed,
$2,500 hays been paid for one. None
but opulent men can aficrd to purchase
a substitute.
There is much talk of State rights
among the rebels, but notwithstanding
this,jtheir, Conscription act gives authori-
ty to Davis to fill all vacancies which
may occur among officers, from the com-
pany upwards-—aud as no new regiments
were created under the act, but the old
ones filed up to the maxium, it amounts
to an exclusive and absolute power of
appointing oficers.
We have thus compared the two sets
new in force in the northern and south-
ern parts of the United States, to show
our readers the real difi‘ereuces between
slaw enacted by a constitutional govern.-
meut, anxious only to put the people in
a co uditiou to defend their national exis-
tence and integrity, and a law enacted
by a usurpiug despotism, which islresol -
ved to rule or rain. The one is as light
and moderale asit can be made under
the circumstanceHsreful of the feelings
and rights of the people-whilc the oth.
er is harsh, imperative and absolute.
Yet the reactiouists of the North, to
serve their political ends, denounce the
one, while their months are kept as close
as the ve of Ali liable in regard to the
other. What the North does to pre-
serve aud defend the Union they find
abominable; but what the South does,
though infinitely worse in spirit and dc-
tail, to break-up the Union, they pass
over in silence.
Let it be remembered, moreover, that
if the rebels had not emcted their con-
scription we should have had no need for
ours. We could have suppressed their
rebellion, so far as it was a voluntary
movement, by volunteers alone : but
when they force their _whole white popu-
lation—the wealthyslaveowuers excepted
—iuto their armies, our government is
Obliged to resort to extraordinary meth-
ods to meet their increased numbers. .
N. Y. Ecmvtg' Past.
'——-———o~o>--———
a. The Mac correspondent from
Hilton Head says that on March 9th,
“Cole. Higgiusou and Montgomery, at
the head of 1,000 well armed, drilled and
after landing- at 'Fernandiua, ascended
the St. Mary’s river, and, I have reason,
to.belie've,'are'.at this time for from the
number subject to military draft nearly
.,
coast, upon G/ewgia soil."
paid to substitutes at three hundred dol- ,
' just.
disciplined blacks, and with markets.
enough to arm several thousand more,
[FrOm the North American and US. Gazette.)
ABOUT THE WAR.
A Few muffin-as to Flash:
People by a Plain Man.
If there is any one thing about which
everybody thinks and everybody talks,
in these days, it is war. How' many feel
right about it is not easy to tell. One
way to fell right about is to understand
the cause and consequences of it, and in
trying to show these we'ueed not use any
harsh Or unkind word.
We all know how our country began.
A few families came across the sea and
stttled on the James liver, and were ' fol;
lowed in five or six years by another
party that settled on the shores of Cape
Cod. The new comers sufl'ered a great
many hardships, but after a while things
were called) were under the English gov-
ernment, as the Canaries are now, and
for nearly one hundred and fifty years
they were prosperous. They had a good
understanding among themselves, and
also with the British government. The
farmers and fishermen of New England
worked hard and made a comfortable
living. They were sober and industrious,
and thought a good deal of churches and
schools, and meddled very little with
'auybody’s business but their own.
The people of the colonies of New
York and Pennsylvania had much the
same interests with those of the more
northern colonies. Iron and coal were
then lying undisturbed in their mountain’s;
agriculture and commerce were their
chief pursuits.
Farther south were Delaware, Virgin-
ia, Maryland, Georgia and the Carolinas.
Their interests then were not materially
different from the rest‘ of the country.
The people were from a different Europe-
an stock, to be sure, and had different
ways and manners from those of the
north, and perhaps the climate and soil
had some influence in making them less
hardy and enterprising; but friendship
and good neighborhood prevailed all
around. The vast regions of the contin-
tiueut now possessed by the western and
northwestern States were then an almost
unexplored wilderness. If you will take
the map which your child brings home
from school and cover up the space occu-
pied by Alabama, Arkansas, California,
Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louis-
iana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri,
Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin, Kau-
sas, Minnesota, Oregon, and the territo-.
ries of Utah, Washington, Nebraska,
&c., &c., the part left uncovered will
show you how narrow were the bonds of
our country in its colonial state.
Matters: Went on smoothly enough till
the English government showed a dispo-
sition to exact from us what seemed an-
For a while this treatment was
borne patiently. Humble rembnstrances
and petitions were sent to London, but
they did not avail much, and at last our
people determined to bear the yoke no
longer. It took a good while (as it al-
ways doca) to work the pOpular spirit up
to the point of resistance. A body of
British soldier was posted in Boston to
enforce the ofiensive laws, and in March,
17 70, a collision occurred between a por.
tion of this force and the populace. On
the fith day of that mouth, in the princi-
pal street of that city, the first drop of _
American blood was drawn by a British
bullet, and it kindled a spirit which has
stayed on our soil from that hour to this.
The perpetrators of the deed were tried,
but the evidence being conclusive that the
assault was provoked by the taunts and
insults 'of the mob, they were acquitted.
Nevertheless, the citizens determined lto
rid themselves of the presence of an.
armed hostile force, and it was but a few
days before every British soldier was
withdrawa. ‘
Three years after this a cargo of tea
was sunk in Boston harbor, to avoid pay-
ing the duties which the British govern-
ment imposed on it. The people were
determined not to submit to what they
deemed oppression and tyrannical laws.
It Was a bold step for the feeble colonists
to take. They would cut off their chief
resource for a comfortable subsistence.
They had no manufactures—had made
but little progress in the mechanic arts—
had few commercial privileges. beyond
those which the mother country, furnish-
ed or controlled—and by Ibis step they
would involve themselves in a war with
one of the fhost powerful nations in the
world, and that, too, the nation from
which they sprang, and with which they
had the closest ties. Who was there to
give-them succor or to pity them if they
should fail in accomplishing their deliv-
erance ?
Two years more passed before the sep-
arating blow was struck, and the colo-
niess—oue and all—declared themselves
forcVer free from British dominion. For
Seven long and gloomy years was the
battle fought. Under the great and
good Washington, whose trust in the
over-ruling providence of God was as firm
\
' as the Alleghauiea', an army was main—
tained at sacrifices almost. incredible and
in the face of difficulties almost uncou-
‘querable. In spite of disasters and de-
feats, with many Open and secret enemies
'aud plotters of mischief in the army and
in the national council, Washington kept
. “.10 collides.“ of thejsrsstfiodi of the.
people until a great victory was obtained,
became settled. The colonies (as they
and in 1783 an honorable treatyEOtpCoo
was formed, recognizing ‘ the i"1.7111333
States 'of America as ‘ a free, soVer‘gn
and independent nation.' This glorious
heritage, secured at such pains and cites
fleas, and enhanced- in value by thefruits
of industry - and enterprise which have
accumulated during the intervening _peri4
od of eighty years, we are in atomic:
.losiug by the most ’ insane folly l ' ~limbo
grand struggle which ended iuou‘r free-
dom and in the organization of .the he?
government, the north and the south
were one; but there was, of course; mush ‘
diversity of opinion as to the- ,pow‘ori
which should be relinquished by each
member of the. coufederacy (as itflw'éi
called) to the central or general govern;
ment, and it turned out upon-trial- that
they did not relinquish enough to glvoi'i't'
the requisite energy for accOmplilhiu'g' its
purpose. When the people; become con-
tincsd that a difi‘ereut government was
necessary for the prosperity and more!
the country, a fall and fair expreseiou of
the popular will resulted in the adoptioa
of the Constitution. in the main as we
now have it, receiving the sanction 'of
New Hampshire, Massachus'etti, can...
ticut, New York,’ New Jersey, Penibylo'
vauia, fDelav'vare, Maryland, , Virginia,
‘North and South Carolina and Georgi;
All the States admitted since have};
‘knowledg'ed this Constitution tOfbo‘tth'
supreme law, as a condition of film.
General Washington was the fluted-Ii
ed to fill the ofice of President, audit
the end of his second term John Ida-j”
became Resident. ' ‘ - ,
Even at this early period'o‘f our);
tional history causes of dimmionfand
controversy were apprehended; ald’il’
his farewell address to the people, Wash-
ington forewarned them that "itliepolo't:
in the political fortress against which“...
batteries of internal and externaleub-
:mies' will be ‘most constantly and uu‘isiyi
(though often covertly and insidioufly)
directed, will be the National Using?!
"the unity of government which consti-
tutes us one people." And he enjélnl It '
upon them “to discounteuance whatever
may suggest even a suspicion that it ed).
in any evevil; be abandoned, aud~iadlg-:
nautly to frown upon the first dawning of
every attempt to aleuate any portion.“
our country from the rest, or to eufeeblo
the sacred ties which new link together~
the various parts.”
Thomas Jefferson succeeded Mr. '
Adams, and tbenceforth a more definite
shape was given to politics and parties—l,
not by geOgraphical lines so muchaa: by 1
different views of the bowers and prerog“
utives of the Opposite creeds, known as '
Federalism and Democracy, were found»
indiscriminately at the south as at the
north.
From 1787 to 1824, (with the'excep.
tion of the one term of Mr. Adams,-)
Virginia furnished all our Presidentswizc. '
Washington, Jefferson, Madison and
Monroe. In 1825 there was no election"-
by the peeple, and the House of Raptor ‘
seutatives placed John Q. Adams in'tlie
Executive chair. Then came Andrew '
Jackson, from Tennessee, and served .
for eight years. Thus for twenty-eight
years of the thirty-six years of our hit:
tory Virginia and Tennessee furnished the
Presidents, and no complaint or raili-
auce was manifested. No double tor-*1
has been served by any President since
J acksou. With his Administration Shit
was introduced the mischievous priudpol
that a political party, upon coming-late
power, is justified in using the patronag‘i
of the government for the benefitoflfdl
party friends and supporters; to that'
upon the accession of each new lull:
beat the successful party expects, as low
matter of right, a division of the mile:
ments of oflice among its leaders and
friends. The efiects _of such a pfllclpb
could not be otherwise than injurionzcfiz 1
public virtue. It is nothing more 'o‘tllflF'
than a system of bribery aduliuiat’o‘tbl
under the forms Of law. How it had 00',
gendered a lust for power and its comp
unitauts. and so involved as in the present'
disasters, it is not. easy to say 'f
The contest for the Presidency forth?
term of 1857—1861 was sharp, mag];
chunau and General Fremont beingtha;
rival candidates, The former meivia'iw
174 out of 296 votes. Eleven Sandi-'1
were greatly disappointed at mistrial???
but they did not revolt, nor attempt (of.
block the wheels of government WM}. :
the time came to select candidates tonsil-*3»E
ceed Mr. Buchanan. the Democra'tl’o'.
party divided, as did also their opponents", :
so that there were four steeds on than":
course—viz: Breckinridge and Dough, -.‘
Lincoln and Bell. There was one!!!“ ‘
animation in the preparatory pm'ceddii'i‘ " " '
but all things were conducted underl',
some forms alid with the same'lguugdgg,
that had attended every previous gluon:
tion. There was no pretence of from} 659535
violence or unconstitutionality in asingl'fl
step of the prOcess, and Abrahavains '
coln was found to be the choice of tho .
people. From that moment he represen-
ted in his person the sovereign power «I ‘
:the United States of America, subject,
only to the ceremonies of inauguration.; -
But before his accession to the once “
the most open and positive'determinafiOO'
was expressed in the southera'sectiorn.‘ O!
the century to renounce their , allegiolfi'sr.
to the couslitntioual government of'fiI-‘H?
country: and unfertunately, theré'mW
connected with the chief adminiitrstiu'
Norwalk Chronicler