’ By Mail, Post Riders and Wagoners,
PUB
1’__N'..—W
LISHED EVERY TUESDAY MORNING BY
WAL
..
A. H. BYINGTON,
AT Two DOLLARS PER ANNUM, IN ADVANCE,
51 fumilq ' Shemtpupir---Dinutit tn Tutu! Shims uni Enteritis, (l5BIIPl‘IIl Snttlliginri, itituutuu, Enlitiu, Slgritnltnrt, itluyuuin, the Shit, étimrutiuu, ta. lcr.---ttttuhlirtit in 1800.
{T
i}.
NUMBER 467 --N EW SERIES.
NORWALK, CONN. TUESDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1856.
VOLUME xxxix.--NUMBER '50.
hl].©[.‘-Wlflél[L.B_@___@lélZE‘T1T‘[E'..
A. H. BYINGTON Editor &Proprietor.
Subscription Rates :
Villa; Subscribers by Carrier, per year, $2.00
2.00
Tnose living out of any Carrier’s District, 1.50
For fractional parts ofa year, at the rate of 2.00
,2“ Single copies 5 cents, in wrapper, 6
Advertising Rates:
One Square,one insertion $1.00
do do two do -1.25
do do three do 1.50
do do one month, 1.75
do do two months, 3.00
do do three months, 4.00
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Two do do 20.00
Each additional square, per year, 8.00
One Column, one year, 75.00
Advertisers occupying two or more squares,
are entitled to the paper free of charge.
Fifteen lines of Breviei: or 100 words make a
square . Fractional parts of asquare,charged
for as a whole.
Yearly advertisers have the privilege of chang-
lug their advertisements once per month.-
Advertisements changed oftener charged as
‘ transient. ‘
Transient advertisements payable on the first
insertion. Yearly advertisers payable at
expiration of three months. Yearlv adver-
tisers restricted to their regular business.
Cards, Resolutions, &c., inserted as Special
Notices, 25 per cent addition to the above
rates. '
fl‘ These terms will he inflexibly adheredto.
T-
— ‘ BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
"\/\/'\/".."\f\«'\/\.*\/K
/\/\.-\/\/\/\/\.~/\
c. at J, G-RAN".l"S
AMBROTYPE RO0MS,
Over D. an N. Depot.
NORWALK.
I. i k e n e s s e s
Warranted to please all Good Judges
Dentistry.
. Doctors HILL 8:. PITCH,
surgical &. Mechanical
D E N T I S .T S,
Ofllce over the Store of C. J.Grun1an,
NORWALK, cons.
CHARLES Frrcu.
-.-
U A. BILL.
. J. I‘. POOTE,
Attorney and Counselor at Law,
armor: OVER M./lLLORY’S sromz
Norwalk, Conn.
D. B. BOOTH,
Attorney & Counsellor at Law,
61 WALL STREET,
NEW YORK.
AMOS HUNT,
General Pension & Patent Agent
And Prosecutor of Claims before
- the several Departments and
the Court of Claims.
Washington, D. C.
H. C. RANDLE,
Hats, Ca1)—sl),l-2-A-Lllvlllciliiis & Boy's
I STRAW GOODS, &c.,
Ladies Furs, Gents Gloves, canes,
Umbrellas, «£30.,
No. 2 Skiddy’s Block.
C. J. GR..UMANs
Dealer in Foreign and Domestic
‘DRY GOODS, GARPETIN GS
Carriage Trimmings, Clot/is. Cassi-
meres, Satinetts,‘ Vestings, and Tail-
or’: Trimmings, by the Yard,
Piece or Package.
assumes, SHIRTINGS, JEANS, BAITS AND WARP
A the lowest possible prices.
NORWALK, CONN-
O. & E. K. LOCKWOOD, 81. Go.
NORWALK. CONN., V
MANUFACTURERS OF
Tin, Sheet Iron & Copper Wares,
AND DEALERS IN
Stoves, Ranges, Furnaces, Cutlery,
Britannia Porcelain and Wooden
Ware, and Kitchen Furniture
in general, Pumps, Sheet
Lead 5- Lead Pipe,
Crockery, Glass
and China.
Ware.
E. V. A. CHICHESTER,
I-Iardvvare
DEALER,
NORWALK, CONN.
A. II. CAMP,
‘ SUCCESSOR T0
JAMES SHERWOOD,
Bookseller, Stationer &. Binder,
‘.7 Main Street, Norwalk.
P. H. NASH,
WHOLESALE fin RETAIL DEALER IN
S T O V E S ,
uAnnrAcTnRr.i.' or
Tin, Sheet Iron & Copper Wares:
Has constantly on hand a. large assort-
ment of general House-keeping
. Furniture, at So. Norwalk,
Conn.
N orwalk Post Ofice.
—:.
Mail 0loses.—WEs'r. 7.30 A. M.. 3.00, 1-.u.
do do EAST, 8.30 A. M., 4.30 P. it.
do do D. & N. R. R., 8.45.
do do New York City, 4.30.
WESTON, Tuesday & Saturday at 2.00 r.ii
gag; Due.—D. & N R. R. 8.00 A. M.
do do WEST, 9.30 A. n., 6.00 r. M.
40 do EAsT, 8.30 A. M., 3.45 r M.
R. A. WILLIAMS P. M-
B. E. OLIVISTBAD,
Wholesale and R
Provisionndff-‘-2 -N'°' 14 ‘md 16 ‘Mai"'st'
I{ASjust received an ei(i)t;ir;(l)y)(;ls0i'Va:l:liI‘1:<11‘ 81:
I sell on as favorable terms as 91111" the
dle. The public are respectfully invited to
l.
tensive assortme lit
No1‘walk,March 5th, 1855,
‘PMOTASEHTJ. 1, at '
' " OLMS'l‘EAD’S.
ctail Dealer in Groceries,
Seaonable
DRY GOODS.
HE Subscriber would return his thanks for
’ the very liberal patronage with which his
Store has been favored the year past, and hopes
by a constant attention to the wants of the
trading public and by a system offair andhon-
orable dealing, to retain his share of trade for
the year ensuing. His Stock comprises at all
times a choice and varied selection of fashiona-
ble and seasonable Dry Goods, of every quality
and price. He is confident that purchasers
will find every article purchased at his store,
equal in quality, and as cheap in price, as can
be obtained elsewhere. Particular attention
devoted to the selection of Cloths, Vestings,
&c., &c., for Gentlemens wear, which will be
sold at the lowest market prices.
L. H. RANDLE.
Lime.
l00 Bbls. of Lime for sale by T. L. PECK.
Timber and Lath,
AT SOUTH NORWALK.
350,000 Plastering Laths.
50,000 Feet Pine and Spruce Timber.
10,000 Pine Pickets just received and for
sale by THOS. L. PECK.
LUMBER ! LUMBER !
ILL & HUBBELL have recently com-
menced the Lumber Business at the old
stand lately occupied by Mr. Charles Thomas,
and intend to keep on sale
Timber, Lath and Lime,
together with every variety of Lumber sold in
this market. We shall be happy to accommo-
date customers with any thing in our line at
liberal prices. . HILL,
15 J, C. HUBBELL,
_N0nWAI.K EMPORIUMI
PROVISIONS, FRUITS.
Vegetables, Fish of All Kinds,
clams. Oysters, &.c.,
As good as the market affords,constantly to be
found at the well known establishment of
MEEKER & OLMSTEAD.
@* Goods of the above description received
daily, and for sale at wholesale and retail on
he most favorable terms.
Cheaper than Ever
./It the South JV'orwallc
GROCERY S"l."OBI'.'.
HE Subscriber has on hand by far the lar‘
gest and best selection of Family Groce-
ries and Provisions, to be found in South Nor-
walk, which he offers to his customers and the
public, at greatly reduced prices. His facili-
ties are such that he will be constantly receiv-
ing new and fresh supplies of goods, as the
wants of his Customers may require, which will
always be of the best quality and sold at the
very lowest possible price, and he would re-
spectfully solicit an examination and trial of
the same. GEO. W. SMITH.
fl Land For Sale.
ABOUT eight acres of good Land, near
Main-st., one mile north of the Bridge, is offer-
ed for sale upon very reasonable terms. It is
admirably adapted for building lots, or for
gardening purposes,having a quick and rich
soil, and a large bed of vegetable mould or
compost manure, thereon; or it is well calcu-
lated for a first i-ate meadow. Itis well fenced
and in a very eligible location. For further
particulars enquire at this Office. tf3
Cabinet Ware Rooms at
WESTPORT !
HE Subscriber would respectfully inform
hisfriends and the public generally, that
he is still located a few doors north of the
turnpike, opposite the Store of Alva Gray,
where may be found a general assortment of
CABINET FURNITURE.
Undertaking in all its departments attended
to at the shortest notice and upon reasonable
terms. 13 ALLEN RENOUD.
New Styles. 2
rflhlew Goods &. low prices.
HARLES FIELDS has now on hand as
, large and varied an assortment of Gentle-
men and Ladies’ Gaiters, Boots, and Slippers,
as has ever been presented to the public in this
market. The styles are new ; the workmanship
neat and beautiful; while the material is of
the finest texture and most durable quality.-
He has some very elegant, plain and fancy
colored, Ladies Gaiters; also, Gent-‘s Patent
Leather Boots and Shoes, with an endless as-
sortment of Boys and Misses Shoes,all of which
will be sold very low for cash. The public are
are invited to call and examine his stock for
themselves. tf2l
Norwalk Iron Foundry.
VERY description of CA,s'rIxo done at the
shortest notice and in the best manner,
as cheap as can be obtained at any other es-
tablishment in the State. Galvanized Chains,
Chain ['umps,Iron Fence,Posts,Railings,&c.,
furnished to order. Patterns executed at
short notice and upon reasonable terms.
lyl ALEXANDER AUSTIN.
Building Moving,
BY CHARLES TUBES.
LL orders for building raisin g and moving.
left with the subscriber , will receive
prompt attention and be executedin the safest
and most expeditions manner.
JOSEPH SHEPHERD,
Carria. e Maker, flgent.
1y41
Watches, Jewelry and Fancy Goods.
NEW SPRING STOCK I
THE Subscriber has just returned from
New York with a new Stock of Fash-
ionable Jewelry, Watches, Plated
Ware and Fancy Goods. which he offers to his
customers very cheap. _
Clocks and Watches repaired.
Accordeous tuned and repaired.
Cotfin Plates, Spoons, Rings, &c., neatly eu-
gfaved, 0
BUILDING MATERIALS..
Pressed &. Common Brick Lime
Cement, Caleined Plaster. Hair
and Marble Dust.
HE Subscriber havingdissolved hisconnec'
tion with W. C. STREET, Esq. in the above
business, will continue it on his own account,
and will keep a good assortment of the above
named articles constantly on hand which will
be sold cheap for CQSCHAS. T. LEONARD.
W. C. STREET.
15
Office at the {Store of
Something New.
WNERS of Horses will find a new and val‘
O uable invention in the way of Horse Col
lars, known as Briggs’ Patent Horse Collars-
In their construction they correspond exactly
to the anatomy of the Horse’s neck, and will
neither scald, bruise,or gall the animal. They
give full scope and action to the shoulder-
blade and joints, and altogether are the most
perfect application ever applied to the neck Of
the Horse They have been fully tested ul-
ready,and are so constructed that they com-
mend themselves to the judgment of every
sensible and humane man.
Also, every variety, quality and quantity of
Harness, Saddles and Horse Equipments in
general, may be found at the Store of the,
Subscriber. W‘;\i. S. JONES.
Westport,(East side the Bridge.)
Keep Cool.
UR stock of Rei'rigcratoi's and Ice Cream
_ freezers for the Summer, are now ready.
0.]: E. K. Locxwooo «I Go.
»
NORWALK PAINTING
—A N D-
| I
Paper Hanging Establishment.
HE Subscriber would announce that. in
connection with his House and Sign Paint-
ing, he now carries on a general
PAPER HANGING BU SIJVESS,
and will keep constantly on hand a complete
assortment of plain and ornamental Papers for
side walls, ceilings, halls, doc. His establish-
ment is one door north of Skiddy’s Block,
where he will be happy to execute all orders
in House and Sign Painting,and Paper Hang-
ing. Paints and Oils for sale, and Paints
mixed ready for use. .
GEORGE MARVIN.
El'o1:n.11nson ’
SPRING «Ii. AXLE GO...
MANUFACTURERS or
SPRINGS & AXLES,
BOTH COMMON IL PA'I'N'I‘a
0f_all kinds and sizes,
Cannon-st. , opposite 'I‘omlinson’s Carriage Manufactory:
BRIDGEPORT, Conn.
It is acknowledged that the above Establish
ment manufactures the best articles in their
line, to be found in the market. All orders
by Mail or otherwise promptly responded to,
RUSSEI. TOMLINSON, Pres., S. B. FEllGUSON,JR.i
Treas’r, WM. G. LINEBURGH, Scc’y. W34
0 A S H
PAID'for Soap Grease, rancid Lard or B ut
ter, tainted Pork, &c.
For Sale,
A superior quality of Soft Soap, for Cash or
exchange for Soap Grease ; Also, on the same
terms, 100 bushels of Leeched Ashes for sale
by I. HENRIETTA,
2m7 at the Norwalk Soap Factory.
Gentlemen’s Hats. ’
SPRING STYLES.
HE Subscriber is now receiving his invoi-
ces of Spring Fashions of Gentlemens
Hats, which for beauty of design and elegance
of finish, have never been surpassed. By an
ingenious improvement in their manufacture,
the Silk Hat of the Spring Fashion is as easy
upon the head as the Soft Hat. Also, Men’s
and Boys’ Gaps in endless variety ; Umbrellas,
Canes, &c., with an immense assortment of
Soft Hats of every price, size, color and qual-
ity, all for sale cheap for cash, at
H. C. RANDLE’S.
P. S. Also, Agent for the sale of th Grafen-
berg C_o.’s Celebrated Medicines.
Further Notice.
HE undersigned having extended his busi-
T ness is now not only prepared to repair
and re-paint Carriages and Wagons as usual,
but is also prepared to make the same to Or-
der. Tasteful Carriages or heavy Wagons
made in every style to suit the purchaser,and
at prices to suit thetimes.
EDSON BEERS.
At the establishmentformerly occupied by
Charles Ipaacs.
Norwalk Saddle, Harness and
TRUNK EMPORIUM‘.
HE subscriber would extend his thanks to
the public for their liberal patronage du-
ring the last fifteen years and at the same time
express his conviction that the business expe-
rience he has acquired during so long a period
has peculiar] qualified him for judging of
the tastes an requirements of those having
occasion to patronize an extensive Saddlery
establishment. He is constantly manufactur-
ing and keeps on hand a full assortment of
Harness, of all descriptions, comprising all
kinds of Buggy, Gig. Express, Cart, Coach,
Farm and Wagon Harness ; also, a great vari-
ety of Ladies and gentlemen’s Riding Saddles
Bi-idles, Martingales, «Inc. also Collars in great
variety and every style of pattern, Fly Nets,
Horsecloths, Stable Furniture, Saddler shard-
ware, Whips in endless variety, Trunks of all
sizes and descriptions, Valices, Carpet Bags,
Satchels, &o. doc. All in want of any of the
above named articles will do well to give use
call, as we are bound to sell our wares at sat-
isfactory prices. Orders for any kind of work
promptly executed. Repairing done neatly
and cheaply. WM. B. SWAN.
Norwalk Dye Works,
Foot of Mill _Hill, Norwalk, Conn.
JOHN PICKENS, practical Dyer and Re
finisher. of Silk, Cotton, and Woolen
Goods, Of every description, begs leave to
return his sincere thanks to his friends and
the public for the many favors bestowed on
him since he commenced business at Winni-
pauk, and he would now inform that he has
removed as above, and fitted up a Dye House
and Finishing Room in the most complete
manner, with all the latest improvements in
the art of Dyeing; and having given up
Coloring for the Winnipauk Company. he will
now be enabled to do his work in a manner
that cannot be surpassed by any other estab-
lishment in the Country.
Ofiices for reception and delivery of goods.
At the Dye Works, foot of Mill Hill, in the
rearof the old Bakery, and at his Residence,
Main street, Norwalk, Conn,
.4 GENTS.
Shepherd’s Bakery, Norwalk, G. H. Randle it
Brother, Winnipauk ; Mrs. Mallet, Danbury ;
Horace Lockwood, No.1 Summer-st., Stam-
ford; David Selleck, West Noi-walk ; G. B.
Bristol at D. Chapman’s, Coleman’s Block,
Pittsfielu, Mass.
Orders sent by Adam’s Express, or by
Waggouers, will receive prompt attention. 25
Something New.
GREAT DISCOVERY ! l
‘Science and Art Triumphant! I
Y the introduction of the Beautiful'and_
Wonderful Invention of Dr. Langdel,
which Photographs the Life Tints of /he Hu-
man Face and the .Most Delicate Shades of
Color in the Dress, the most exquisitely beau-
tiful nnd life-like pictures ever produced can
now be obtained at the
NOR W./ILK EMBROTYPE G./ILLERY
Over the Depot of the Danbury & Norwalk
Railroad. The public are invited to call and
examine specimens now being taken by this
new process and satisfy themselves that the
crowning point in the photographic art has
been reached, and that a PERFECT likeness can
now be obtained. Trial pictures willbe cheer-
fully taken without charge whenever the ope-
rator is not otherwise engaged.
Special attention paid to the taking of like-
nesses of children, and deceased persons, and
in copying old pictures. In short if you de-
sire an iinsurpassedlikeness, beautiful, truth-
Inl and cheap, repair at once to the NoRwALx
AMBROTYPE GALLERY. 29
For Sale.
A 4TON,Second-hand,Coal.orHayscale;
nearlyas good as New. Price 50 Dollars.
Enquire of MALLORY & CURTIS.
Norwalk . June. 1856' tf‘25
SOMETHING NEW.
Under the (Sun) Gt. Hotel.
URK has new on hand and is constantly
renewing one of the largest, and most ju-
diciously selected stocks of -
FALL .d.N‘D WINTER,
READY MADE CLOTHING.
Ever exhibited in this vicinity. Those in
‘want of good substantial tasty and durable
garments, can find them of every size and va-
riety, ready made for less than they willhave
to pay elsewhere for the cloth alone. Remem-
ber the place for good and cheap clothing is at
TURKS under the Ct. Hotcl,Main-st., Norwalk
TIMOTHY SEED, at
a. I. o1.n_srr.Ao.
POETRY.
For the Noncallc Qautte.
The Complaint” ot a Broadway
Belle.
If a lady meet a lady,
Coming through Broadway,
And both are hooped as is the style,
How can they pass, I pray?
Every Belle" new sports the bones,
And (as Pm one they say,)
I’ve got a hoop, but how can I
Now promenade Broadway.
-4-.»-.-
In drawing room they look so grand,
With skirts so long and flowing,
Which hide, so very gracefully,
The fast that won’t bear showing ;
But if you lounge in easy chair,
(As Pm inclined to do,)
The hoops rise up on either side-
The lady’: lost to view.
Sometimes I like to take a ride,
In Omnibus or Car,
But the gentlemen all seem to wish,
Pd not some where they are ;
And even Fred, who loves me well,
Looked cross the other day,
Because he'd not a parting kin-
The hoops were in the way.
Now tell me friends, what shall we do I
To escape this bony sway
or Fashion, which in. Bonaparte,
will govern while it may ;
For if we try to escape the thrall,
And dress in simple way,
We are passed by as not the style,
To promenade Broadway. D.
_
Card to the Public.
Yielding to the request of the Fairfield Co.
Agricultural Society, and the solicitations of
many personal friends, I submit for publica-
tion s copy of my Address, delivered before
the Society on the evening of the 24th of Sep-
tember last. While I feel highly compliment-
ed by the oft-1 epeaied expressions of approval,
together with an expresed wish for its publica-
tion, I would say, that in its publication, it
will lose much of that imaginary merit with
which it has been invested by those who heard
it. I am well aware that the reading of an ad-
dress, seldom. if ever, imparts that interest
that is felt when it falls directly from the lips
of a living speaker upon the ears of an atten-
tive and interested audience. The time, the
place, the occasion, the large and appreciative
audience, that contribute so much to an ad-
dress of that charecter—all are wanting ; and
it presents itself to the individual with all its
imperfections, and in its naked deformity. As
such, I submit to you the following copy of
my Address. 0. F., SHAFFER.
New CANAAN, Ct., Dec. 1, 1856.
AXIPJIDDERESS.
Ladies and Gentlemen :—I am per-
haps presuming too much, when in my
firet attempt at public speaking, I take
hold of a subject of so much importance
as that of “ Fruit Culture,” and with it,
venture to stand face to face with the
beauty and chivslry—not of South Caro-
line, but of old Fairfieid County. But
you will, I am assured, grant me your
indulgence for all mistakes and blunders
I may commit while I proceed with my
subject, requesting your attention for a
few moments to the remarks I have to
offer upon the importance and manage-
ment of the orchard.
Tree and fruit culture, for some un-
known canse, has been kept out of all of
the discussions of this Society. I know
not why it should be so, but it is an in-
disputable fact, that none have until now
ventured to open his mouth sndspeak in
defence of our much-neglected and abu-
sed orchards. I did, indeed, think upon
one occasion, last Fall, that our friend
Professor Veil, of New Jersey, was go-
ing to prove a champion for the right.-
But just as I had arrived at that conclu-
sion, and had gained a position where 1
could treasure up every word he uttered,
he suddenly dropped the subject. I
knew not what to think of it, but finally
concluded that it must be a forbidden
topic, or that it was a kind of dog’s Jew’s
harp, and consequently, all were afraid
‘of it.
In the culture of fruits and flowers,we
have the poetry of earth culture. It sf-
foids everything that can please the eye
or gratify the taste. What can equal the
beauty of the flower or the delicious fla-
vor of the fruit’! Of the former, it has
been said that “ Solomon, in all his glo-
ry, was not arrayed like one of these ;”
of the latter, -‘ I-t’s praise is in every
month."
As good fruit becomes more common
and accessible to a greater number, those
fevers and billions disorders now so pre-
valent in city and country, where fruit
is scarce, will become lessened, and
health and happiness increased.
I-Iow deligtful is. the succession of
fruits. First in the spring, when with
the index of impatience we are awaiting
the arrival of luscius fruits, comes the
strawberry, deliciously smothered in
cream, giving a new'zest to life; then
follows the raspberry. filling the room
with fragrance; then the cherry, the
current and gooseberry. Then comes the
,,,,,-ico;,.i,he peach and plum ; and though
last, by no means least, the apple and
pear—sIl forming a delightful succession
of nature's best gilts; to which, if the
cultivator will but turn his attention, he
W,“ secure to himself both pleasure and
profit as a reward for his labor.
We all of us know the present condi-
tion of fruit culture in this vicinity. New
England may indeed boast of her intelli-
gence end her enterprise, her advance-
ment in the’ arts and sciences, the in-
creasing interest felt for agricultural im-
provement, the extent end ll'l8,|,zlllIl1(lO of
her mechanical and manufacturing oper-
ations; of the impetus a world has re-
ceived from the unwearied energy and
persevering character of her inhabitants.
But there is one ‘important object which
. bered among the things that were. New
has been left so fat in the rear that it
has been nearly lost sight of. I speak of
her orchards and her fruit yards. I re-
gret to say, they came near being num-
York has outstripped and outwitted us
in this {aspect ; she has out-Ysnkeed
“Yankeedom.” For while you have
folded your arms, and vainly tried to
make yourselves believe it would not pay
to raise. fruit, her inhabitants have gone
on planted her orchards, and fruit-yards
in the western part of the State, much
farther from the city than you are, and
are now receiving large dividends from
monies so invested. You are still, to a
great extent, sleeping on the subject.-
The great majority of our land holders
have,'it is true, a few scrubby looking
things that are called trees; but it is a
libel on the name. In many parts of
New England, the people know but lit-
tle about the modern varieties of fruit.
I have found neighborhoods where the
name of even our oldest standard varie-
ties were unknown. Of the apples
among them. I found‘ no greater claims
to excellence than that they were ‘ graft-
ed fruit ;' all sorts being comprehended
under the two distinctive names,.riatur-
al and grafted. Among the fine fruits, I
found the some distinction, except that
they were sometimes known as wild and
tame. Tame enough, in all conscience,
most of them are.
Fruit trees, at the present time, are
within the reach of every one, and it
does seem strange to me that the owner
of even the smallest plat of ground
should be without a small collection ;-
for unlike most other trees, they are both
useful and beautiful ; while some kinds
serve the threefold purposeof supplying
food, ornament and shade. How few
ornamental trees, more beautiful than
the cherry ! How many are there in na-
ture more pleasing to look upon, than
the apple and peach in full bloom !—
What more palatable, than the melting
pear, or the luscius apple and peach !—-
And yet, how few of our farmers do we
find enjoying the benefit of these things!
Many of then. who own one and two
hundred and three hundred acres of land
excuse themselves from planting trees by
saying they have no land to spare for
that purpose. Thus they go on, from
year to year, treading the same old beat-
en trsck in which their fathers trod-
pessing through life, knowing nothing
of the comforts and convenience, to say
nothing of the luxury of having an abun-
dance of fruit.
A ivant of faith in the success of the
orchard is one reason why we have no
better fruit. It is thought that a great
risk attends the planting of the trees ;—
this is a mistake. If a tree be regarded
as a thing of life, and treated as such.
there is little or no risk. Bu’. if it be
planted and treated as you would plant
and treat a fence or gate post, you have
no right to expect any thing more than
a fence or gate post, and hardly that, in
return.
Nothing of the kind, certainly, would
be more pleasing, than to see every fami-
ly in the lend well supplied with the
best fruits throughout the year. It would
certainly prove a most interesting aux-
iliary in the building up and advance-
ment of domestic enjoyment and increas-
ing the attraction of home, if every one
had the resources within themselves for
this supply. But, unfortunately, we see
but little good fruit among the people at
large, except at the most abundant see-
sons of the year. How many, for ex-
ample, enjoy plenty of the best pears,
with the exception of two or three of the
most common sorts, for a few weeks, at
furthest. How many are supplied with
a full dish of strawberries, on every ta-
ble during the strawberry season’! But
when we come to look at the whole
yearly circle of fruits: the succession
that may be had, not only through the
ordinary fruit season, but also through
the destitute period of spring, where
shall we find such supply, excépt in the
commonest sort of winter apples, and a
few rare specimens of inferior pears '2
the latter, like Angels’ visits, few and
far between. How many of my hearers,
living as they do in a district where na-
ture has dealt lavishly, and made it one
of the finest countries in the world for
the raising of fruit, hive ever seen a
single barrel of fine. well-ripened peers at
the opening of spring? Where, then,
are the millions of people embraced with-
in the district of the United States, to
piocure any thing like a supply of this
delicious fruit! Nearly the same may
be said of the apple ; and yet how often
do we hear it said that so many are go-
ing into the business, that it will soon be
overdone. This, however is neither said
or fora moment thought of by those who
have made the slightest effort to discov-
er the extent of the market, for the rea-
son that they have never been able to
find its extent. They have hunted the
civilized world over, and the end is not
yet. From my soul] pity that short-
sighted individual whose mental and
moral vision is so bedimmed and beciond-
ed that he cannot see through the mist,
and behold the future destiny of fruit
culture and the fruit trade. “ Overdo
the business?” Why, sir, we might as
wellattempt to dip the water all out of
‘to think of creating an over supply of
these delicious and wholesome luxuries.
1 would so soon attempt the one as the
other. We have never yet been able to
supply the demand here at home, to say
nothing of that of our wide spread conn-
lry and populous cities. We should at-
tend to their wants first; then if we
have a surplns,mil|ions of months are we-
tering for it in foreign lands, and we will
send it to them, unless, indeed, a party
should arise by that time, bearing upon
its banner the inscription——" Americans
feed America, and her only,” and thus
refuse to grant us ithe privileges of ex‘-
portation. But even then, we'll contest
every inch of ground—we’ll not give up
the ship! no, no! We'll load her with
fruit, and send her on her way to cheer
the hearts and gratify the palates of our
trans-Atlantic cousins. When we have
supplied their wants, we'll send the good
old ship to other ports, even to the “ Ce-
lestial Empire,” where she has already
been, carried some of our fruit; and not
only has she carried it, but sold it when
she reached there, at twenty-five dollars
per barrel. She has learned the way,
and we'll send her again when that long
predicted over-supply arrives. American
vessels, laden with American fruit, and
manned by American crews, shall yet
be found in every foreign port, disposing
of their cargoes, and high over all will
be seen and proudly hailed " the star-
spangled banner” fluttering triumphant-
ly in the breeze.
There is one thing very certain, that
so long as an appetite for delicious fruit
—and this appetite appears to have been
universal in all ages-—so long as this
continues, trees will be planted and fruit
will be gathered. When our orchards
become so extensive, well selected, and
general, that all mankind may partake
of these delicious and wholesome luxu-
ries throughout the year—tb/en. and not
till then, shall we have enough. We
are now very far from reaching that
point. Very few have more than a plen-
tiful supply, and that only in autumn.-
It sometimes happens that a surplus ex-
ists of perishable fruit, if it chance to be
of an inferior quality. What we need
most in our provision for the future, is
such a selection as will give a varied
and excellent supply through winter and
spring. Long keepers may be sent safe-
ly half the circumference of the globe;
they will not only supply all seasons, but
all countries and clinics. We need not
fear to plant too many of these. A large
supply will create large facilities for their
distant transportation, and open large
markets for their sale. Need we then
fear that the country is-becoming too
full of orchards '3 If we were to suppose
that twenty millions of trees were to be
planted annually in the United States-—
yet it would not be one to each inhabit-
ant—then take into account the casual-
ties to which they and their crops are
liable through bad management, the
amount needed for foreign markets, and
the immense quantities that might be
profitably consumed in feeding -various
domestic animals, for which they are not
only cheaper than tools, but better, clean-
er, end more easily gathered for winter
storage.
Will diseases, enemies, and adverse
season,.so increase, that good crops will
become difficult and rare, as some are
led to fear '! I do not entertain any ap-
prehensions of the kind. These disasters
often prevail at certain periods, and with
particular kinds at a time ; but they
enerally become greatly shorn of their
magnitude under good management, and
most of them, after running through their
course, disappear from our oerchards and
gardens. I never question the benignant
promise, that “ while the world remains,
seed time and harvest shall not cease,”
but think it applies as well to our fruit
crops as to the other productions of the
earth; and that the enemies and difficul-
ties we have to encounter are not calcu-
-lated to check our endeavors, but to in-
cite us to renewed action and increased
diligence, and like the other difficulties
and calamities of life, to develop our en-
ergies in a manner that would never be
accomplished in a life of indolence, or of-
sailing down the current of a smooth
stream.
The want of good cultivation is sorely
felt in this vicinity. No one who has
not seen trees managed both ways, stand-
ing side by side, can appreciate the val-
ue of good cultivation. In connexion
with this subject. permit me to point out
one error of ' those who do not wholly
neglect the claims of the orchard. This
is a practice of digging over the ground
in the immediate vicinity of the tree, but
not extending their operations far enough
off. It has been ascertained, by actual
measurement, that the growth of the
roots of an apple tree will average more
than three feet a year. I once measured
the first year’s growth upon the roots of
a peach tree, and found it five feet long.
A friend once measured the growth up-
on the roots of an apple tree three years
old, and found them over nine feet low’.
The root of an apple tree eight years old,
was traced until twenty-seven feet in
length had been brought to light. How
much remained. in the ground, was of
course unknown. Hence the great error
Long Island Sound with an egg-shell, as
of attempting good cultivation III a small
circle about each tree. Again: the roots
that gather its nourishment are, or should
be, in the soil. near the surface. Hence
that other error of deep plowing. The
orchard ground should receive surface
culture only, after the fiist few years.
An orchard, under even partial culti-
vation. ‘is a very rare sight However,
dear experience is forcing its lessons, and
good cultivation is becoming more fre-
quent and better understood. It was an
old belief, (but is now bezoming quite
antiquated with intelligent persona) that
the planter of trees was not to expect
fruit in his life time—-that be planted on-
ly for bi_s children. No doubt but that
this opinion originated in the slow pro-
gress made by neglected young trees.
Now no one can justly say that the
cost of cultivation is too great for gener-
al practice, provided an arrangement can
be made for horse cultivation, which
should always be the case in this land of
high priced labor. _No farmer complains
of the cost of cultivating an acre of corn
or potatoes, or carries his complaints so
far as to propose to let these crops take
care of themselves as so many do with
their young trees. Yet it is much easier
to keep an acre of orchard clean and the
lend well pulverized, than an acre of
corn or potatoes ;' for there are usually
but one or two hundred trees upon the
acre, which may be easily worked about
‘with a barrow or cultivator, while there
are three. or four thousand hills of pota-
attention. , e
Most men are anxious to make a com-
fortable provisions both for their own old
age and for the tenderyeers of their chil-
dren. This anxiety will sometimes deep-
en and strengthen until it gains the force
of a ruling passion. Its votaries will rise
early, sit up late, and eat the bread of
economy, contrivance and extreme toil,
to the the end, that they may be free
from the pinching of want, and place
themselves in independent circumstances.
One is ambitions to acquire in his deeds,
and to own more acres than hiseye can
see over. Another has a ravenous appe-
tite for dividends, and is covetous of
stocks, shares and mortgages. I‘he pur-
suit oi this kind of properly is so attrac-
tive and engrossing, that’ its perils are
apt to be overlooked or totally disregard-
ed. The danger that banks may fail,
that bubble shares may burst, and stock
companies declare assessmenlsiuetead of
dividends, by many is not taken into ac-
count.
We flatter ourselves, that we are
shrewd enough to look after own inter-
ests, and know when we are well off.-
We take fire with indignation and wrath
if any thing to the contrary is even hint-
ed at. But are we not sometimes a lit-
tle singular in our way of manifesting
this shrewdness and self sufficiency I-
While in ordinary times the annual pro-
fits of our farming operations are allowed
to be small, we yet tail on year after
year, in the same beaten track, doing
this season the same work we did last
season, expecting to reap the benefits
next season. and so on until our limbs
are stiffened by age and we are compell-
ed to resign. the plow and hoe to our suc-
cessors. Now without supposing it to be
possible to carry forward the operations
of the farm in any other way than by re-
peating each successive year the work of
the last, is it not both possible and feasi-
ble for farmers as-they advance in years
and lose the vigor of youth, to gradual-
ly release themselves from the necessity
of cropping a large number of acres, and
this too without diminishing their ennu-
al income '! I
If there is any other way to secure a
competence for one’: declining years, it
is certainly worth knowing. Ishall now
aim to prove that there is, and that it
can be more successfully sccomp|is.heo
by the planting of trees and the raising
of fruit, than in sny.other manner. I
will point out a course by which every
farmer, if he will but adopt it. will find
his toils greatly lessened as years grow
heavily upon him, while at the same
time his revenue shall steadily increase.
The man who plants a fruit tree,‘ in soil
to which he has a clear title, makes an
investment attended with fewer hazards
than he who puts faith in scrip and rent
rolls. It has been proven by repealed
trial and is it matter of statistical record,
that of those who engage in mercantile
business and speculation, in very large
proportion end their days in the sorrows
of bankruptcy. No such fearful risk is
encountered by him who is content to
own a few acres. to stock them with
choice trees, to provide for their necessi-
tiee, and then to confide cheerfully in a
good Providence for the showers and
sunshine which are essential to the
growth and ripening oftbe fruit.
The original cost of a fruit tree is but
a trifle : it occupies but a small space of
ground when planted ; the amount of ai-
tendance it needs is never large, and is
always on the decrease. But. When ll
has reached its maturity, says I Write!’
on the subject, it will yield an annual in-
co e of sometimes twenty, and in rare
eat, even fifty dollars. I will cite a
few cases of the bearing to prove my as-
sertions true.
Dr. E. W: re S} lvester, of Lyons,
Wayne County, reports before the Fruit
Growers’ Society, of New York State,
toes, every one of which require separate-
R
that an acre of _orcIieid 'gave_f_niin'_',3175
as a net: profit with but. pertie.l-cnltin-
tion. He knevv,._some orchards. that paid
$100 per acre, without ‘extra ‘culture,-
Anotber =orchard- of five ‘ecres:,‘,E_ahe its
owner the year beforeflaiit last
year from the some orchard aboutfour
hundred barrels of apples were-sold; but
he had not yet received his pay; Sain-
uel B. Millington, of Bloomfield. sold
the fruit from three acres of otchardlut
year for 3525., He thinks he will--reel.
ize $700 to $1000 this ‘year,’ frdln the
same orchard. The orchard re-
ceived good culture, "and in but _.seven
years old. Mr. Burtiss reports the. pro-
duction of s Baldwin and a-Rhoda Is-
land Greening tree five years old. He
gathered from the ‘Greening l_.2‘,|}ogh.
els—the Baldwin prqd_uoga,3,1.2 huh.
els. Mi-..Burtiee condemns theipractice
of planting. trees. thirty to Shy” ‘feet
apart. He says he has traveled
every county in the State of New Xork,
and thrqu'gh_ most of the frnitgrowing
States, and wherever he-has seen‘ trees
growing=close’- together, helhigs: found
-them‘ loaded with_fruit, while many lint
were plapted, thirty to ,fifty feet -apart
hadlittle or no -fruit upon -them. - This
hue also been the «result of ‘my
lions. - I unite with Mr. ,I3i'i_r_ti,_s's"in,,ree-
ommending the “ dollble row.”.eysteinof
planting trees, for protection, economy,
and profit. Mn. Archibald’ Stone, of
Himmansville, Oewego CoL,_
tree of the’B_fald_win'. a_pple'_tI_ig,t
337.50 of apples, besides three. bushels
left unsold. It warsbown oonclhei'_v’ely
um 3150.000 was paid in _ amigo,
last yeai:‘forifruit,' the principal port of
which was destined for the; New. York
Market. The committee - for theiconn.
ty, report that one acre of cultivated or-
chard prodncee more money upon. on
average than twelve acres of the ordi-
nary farm crops. - ~ - -
Statements were also made in relation
‘to the peer, of which I have not time to
-speak at length. It was shown that
they had richly rewarded the cultivator.
A gentleman in Columbia County,
whose name I cannot now call to mind,
sold, in 1853. $450 worth of apples from
th:ee acres of orchard. Previous to
that season, the fruit had been nearly
worthless for the want of good culture,
Mr. Robinson of Chester. New Hamp-
shire, has an orchard that, according“ to
his own statement, has yielded an inhu-
al net profit of more than $200 .181‘. l..l|.*
num, for the last ten years. Melee
Jones, of Brooliline, Mesa, has an op.
chard of 112 trees, that gave. him
barrels of apples the eighth year after
planting, but has done much better
since. The celebrated orchard,of Rob-
en. L. Peli, Esq., of Ulster County, N.
Y., aresaid to yield the enormous_ sum
of 340.000 as an annual net: profit.‘-—‘.
Mr. Peil planted his orchard himselfxin
his younger days, and has long been
reaping a golden harvest.
been sold in Liverpool high as 321 a, bar.
rel. When Mr. Pall planted his or-
chard he was called " fool, fanatic, in-
sane,” etc. -Some went so far one pro.
pose appointing ii guardian over him, al-
leging that he was not competent to take
care of himself. But time has proven
shat he was not only competent to take
care of himself, but that be was wiser
tbe future, in that he had a little can to
devote to his orchard. And new that
orchard is, and has long been dischar-
ging its debt of gratitude. A tree bo-
longing to Seth Cooley, of South Hal‘-
ford village, Washington Co., N. Y., has
yielded from fifteen to fifty bushels an-
nually, for thirteen successive years I
now have a letter in my pockc1,juet re-
ceived from a friend in that place, who
informs me that the tree is again filled
with fine fruit, as be near as can judge.
about thirty bushels. This is in return
for good cultivation.
subject farther. You all know of the
existence of single trees that receive no-
cidental cultivation. and that they lieu’
enormous crops of fruit-frequently
more than any I have quoted, They
are all around us on every side. I could
cite cases without numbers were it neo-
cesssry to do so. but I have already quo-
ted enough to prove the pecuniary ad-
vantages arising from the cultivatiion of
the orchard. I will chose this part of
my subject by saying that if we expect
to get ii crop of corn or potatoes. and I
crop of grass, oats, wheat. and rye, of
the sam piece of land in one season-—wo
will learn our mistake when the harvest
comes around and we find that neitbel
has arrived at perfection, but that they
so operate against each other, that
neither is worth the gathering. Where-
as had we have been content to have
put but one crop upon the ground, we
undoubtedly should have had the satie-
faction of seeing it prosper, and been
well rewarded for our labor. So with
meadow, s cornfield, rye lot, wheat and
out field of the orchard. and at the some
time have your orcbsred do weIl,,you
will most assuredly, be disappointed.-
But whoever will plant on orchard,
though it‘ be but one acre, he may
reasonably expect in a very short time
they will yield him a far greater profit
Hie fruit" has V
than his neighbors in his provisions for,
It is unnecessary for me togfollow this .
the orchards; If you expect to make I .
Norwalk Chronicler