-__._..
_“.-v H
PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY Momma By ,
All Vgfnrnilzg . lljirmspupér---dlénuttil in ‘final Siléms mu féutuusts, T cilirurrnl Jfinhlligtuu, 15151011113113,‘
AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM,
;
---—-—..—-¢—%—
NUMBER 40
--l\iEWf SERIES. ’
NORWALK-CONN“-TUE
avowvuduzs fcszisvfifu.
_..———
a. if, 3Ym'G1'0NEditcr arrupristor. ..
6
. Subscription Rates :’
village S|.1bSc.ril>€l'5 by Carrier. 98?-ye‘-or, $2.00
By M511, Post Riders and .,Wago‘nens,;. 2.00
Those living on: ofany Gar:-i'er-‘s District, 1.50
For fractional parts ofa-year,<atthe.rate of 2.00
,9? Single copies 5 cents,-in wrapper.’ 6
AI1‘Wél'.;isin¢:=R‘at'es- 3
{me Square_.'on‘e‘ insertion » i ‘ $1.00
do. do - two ‘do 1.25
do do three do 1.50
do do . one month, 1.75
do do two months, 3.00
do = do three months, -1.00
do I do six months, 7.00
do do one year, 13.00
Two do ‘ do 20.00
Each additional square, per year, 8 00
One Column, one year, 75.00
Advertisers occupying two or more squares,
are entitled to the paper free of charge.
Fifteen linesof Brevier or 100 words make a
square. Fractional parts of 3. square, charged
for as a whole. ' '
Yearly adv'ertisers have the privilege of chang-
ing their advertisements once per month.-
.A.rlvertiseru'en?ts»changed oftener charged 353
transient. , .-
Transient advenisements payable on the first
inseljtitm, ;-Tcarly advertisers payable at
expiration ofthree months. Yearly adver-
‘ISETS 1’¢5t.!'icted to their regular business.
Cards, Resolutions, &c., inserted as Special
2-Iotiees,~25 per cent addition to the above
rates. - ;.-,,j_» .
$8" Thes_ie,i‘-erms
I:II,s:!1Ifr:s_sv3_vn=%Ec'r0RI. ,
r\r\/~«\.'\_-xrx/\
‘ G." .3... N111‘-InOIlY’S '
DAGi“E1ll§1l’iAN ‘RUUMS
Over D. 8: N. Depot.
NORWALK.
Like-noises
W71 rrimtea? to pleizse all Good Judges.
,D.n@noorH,
ATTORNEY/AT».LAW,
HAS Iasxo turn 171201 DANBURY T0'NOR WALK
Orrxon ovnn H.uon'r’s Srovr. Facroav.
, . HUNT,
General Pension & Patent Agent
And Prosecutor of _ C'Zaims before
the several Depm"tme7zzs and
the Court of Claims. .
Washington, D. C.
C. & E. K. LOGKWOOD, & G0.
NORWALK. coNN.,
)3-A.\‘L‘FACTU1£.‘_?II2§ OF
‘ill be infiexibly adhered to. ‘
l 100 Bhls. of Lime’ for sale by T. L. PECK.
Saasonable
A DRY GOODS.
HE Subscriber would return his thanks for
the very liberal patronage with which his
Store has been favored the year past, and hopes
by a‘ constant attention to the wants of the
trading public and by a system of fair and hon-
orable dealing, to retain his share of trade for
the year ensuing. His Stock comprises atoll
times a choice and varied selectlo’n,of'fashiol'm‘-‘
“hie and seasonable Dry.Gooda, of every quality
will find every article purchased at ‘his store,’
equal in quality, and as cheap in price, as can
be obtained elsewhere. Particular attention
devoted to the selection of"’C1oths, Vestings,
&c., &c., for Gentlemens wear, which will be
sold at the lowest market prices.
L. H. RANDLE.
E NORWALK HAT,’ “ S
, cap and .'E'ur_I:Inporium.
THE Subscriber having just made very large
additions to his former stock of new and fash-
ionable Goods in his line, would now call the
attention of the public generally, to the great
advantages whichhe is enabled to ofl‘er over
his competitors in Norwalk. Conflning our
whole attention to this one branch of business,
we feel that we can make purchases and secure
a much better quality of- goods, than those
comparatively unucquainted with the business.
We have now on hand a fine assortment of
H.;'rs'just suited to the season and the want:
of the community. For further particulars,
2 Skiddy’s Block, Main Street.
I » » I H. C. RANDLE.
NOIIWALR BMPORIUM!
PROVISIONS, FRUITS,
Veg'etabl_cs,, Fish of All Kinds,
‘ clams. oysters, &.c., P ’
1 As good as the market affords, constantly to be
' found at the well ‘known establishment of
ALLEN, MEEKER & CO.
fir Goods of the above description received
dazly, and for saleat wholesale -and retail on
the most favorable terms.
Limo.
bar and Lathe,
AT S'OUTH'NORWALK.
350,000 Plastering Laths.
50,000 Feet Pineund Spruce Timber.
10,000 Pine Pickets just received and for
sale by THOS. L. PECK.
LUMBER ! LUMBER !
ILL .5: HUBBELL have recently com-
menced the Lumber Business at the old
stand lately occupied by Mr. Charles Thomas,
and intend to keep on sale
' and price. He is confident that purchasers‘
just drop in and examine for yoursel_ves,'at_No. .
3 . NCELVVALK I
1 House and Sign Painting
+--ESTABLISI-IlVIEjNT._
HE Subscriber would again announce to his
friends and" the public, that he is in the
field ready for the campaign of 1855, and will
be glad to attend to any orders for House,
Sign and Ornamental Painting, Gilding,
Griz2'n.ing,.and Paper I:l'¢m ing. Particular
attention will be paid to Lettering und’e‘mbe1-'
lishlug Sign Boards, &c., for the getting up -of
which he possesses unequalled facilities. Give
me a call. — GEORGE MARVIN,
1y10 Ncrwalk. Conn.
A nvmc.
HE Subscriber would return his thanks for
the very liberal patronage which the Pub-
lic have favored him with for the pasttyear,
andwould respectfully inform his customers
that he is prepared to execute all orderspin a.
superior mainner. Silks,,M'erinoés.‘Para'met-
tas, De Laines,‘Shawls, Ribbons. Gloves, and
Stockings, dyed all colors, every week. ~
Broche Shawls cleaned equal to new, Grape
Shawls cleaned, and dyed all colors, and the
new China finish put on equal to new. ‘
All orders left at the Subscriber’s residence
at Winnipauk, or at Shepherd’s Bakery, at
Norwalk, or of Joy. 6: Sons, Danbury. Ct-., and
301 Bowery, N. Y., will receive attention.
10 JOHN PICKENS.
NORWALK
-AGRICULTURAL S sworn".
HE Subscriber hasjust opened at the Store
adjoining Joseph P. Hanford’s Shoe Store,
fa very extensive and complete assortment of
Agricultural Implcm,e,n3:s,,
Such as Plows, Barrows, Ox Yokes, Gardener-‘s
tools, Pruning Knives, Shears, &.c., &c., which-
he will sell upon as reasonable terms as can be
purchased anywhere in the County. Farmers,
Gardeners and others will find it to their in-
terest to give me a call before purchasing else-
where. . - NLEY.
Norwalk, Feb. 16, 1855.
tf8,
Watches, Jewelry and Pancy" Goods.
NEW SPRING STOCK ! 9
~ THE Subscriber has just returned from
New York with a new Stock of Fash-
ionable Jewelry, Watches, Plated
Ware and Fancy,Goods, which he offers to his
customers very cheap.
Clocks and Watches repaired.
Accordeons tuned and repaired.
Collin Plates, Spoons, Rings, &c., neatly en-
graved. O S. CLARK
No. 2. Skiddy’s Block.
For Sale.
HOUSE, Barn, &c., with about five acres
_ of land, located about 1 1-4 miles from the
Bridge on the New Canaan Road. There is a
first rate orchard, a good well of water, and a
never falling stream running through the prop-
erty. _ Said place will-be sold at a great bar-
gain, if applied for soon.‘ For particulars eu-
quire of Mitchell & Camp, or on the premises,
Timber, Lath and Lime,
together with every variety of Lumber sold in
Tin, Sheet Iron & Copper Wares,
_ ' A2-'1) DEALERS IN
Stores, .Ran.g_,°.~;,2_-‘lfurazaces, Cutlery,
Jfritaisnia Polvcélaivs and Wooden
iVa9*e’,'a}zrZ’Kztc7iébi‘Fitrn-izflr? ' L
2'7: general. Pumps, Sheet
Leadlf Lead Pipe,
-.Crgc/cery, Glass‘
and _C'/Lina
Wm-e.
E. v. A. CHICHESTER,
I-Iardvvl are
D E A L E R,
NORWALK, CONN.
WM. D-.- H-AIGHT,
Witt Side the Bridge, Norwalk, Conn.
LKANUFACTURER 8; DEALER 1:.‘ _
Stoves, Tin, Sheet Iron, and
COPPER WARES,
Ranges, Furnacés, Brz't¢_zm'a 45- Crack-
ery, Wa-res, Chain Pumps, 'Lead
and Lead Pipe, 'Grace9*z'es,,'
C/zina and Glass Wares,
45-c., 4-c.,
,J. I‘. TOOTH,
Attorney and‘ Counselor "at Law,
orrvozr on-:12 M.sLL0RY:s STORE
Norwalk, Conn."
F. is. N-Asa,-"_*
Wno1..ns.xLn AND Riirsxt DEALER 1.‘? Y
S T".-O" V E1.-S ,’.~.
‘ xaxrracruussa or -I _
T in, Sheet Iron-'& Copper Wares
Has constanglyvgrz f.{;z:vzcZ'a Zc'z‘r'ge‘as.<ort-
mm; qf: ~g¢(i§rq_l‘- ‘House-keeping
F2¢rnit‘il§5€,"‘2zt ‘So. ‘Norrvalk,
.‘«5ili0on'7z,
J A M R‘W'0 0 D:
-: succxasson TO .,f
.;ookge‘ner,?_'s1§§.£_ioner &. Binder
‘.7 JlIcLz'92 Street, Narwalk. -
H. M.‘P,now1?i'T,,"
'.'l.‘ea.ch.e:|:-~‘of‘_n£1_.1s1c.,
Lessons on thc'Pia1io_Forte, Melodeon, and in
Ypcal’ ‘Music. '
Pianos and M.el'o.-:’e_o‘iis '-selected, "with great
care as to tone and‘ quality, for those desi-
ring to purchaseq‘ *‘ ' _ ‘H16
Norwalk Post Office.
Jlrfail Closes.--—W1csT.‘77.30 A. 31.. 2.00, P 11
do do E.ls'r,‘8,30 A. u., A ‘.50 r. M
-10 do D. & N.’ R. R., 9.00.
do do New Ybrk City, 4.30.
filzsi.’ Due.--D. dc N."R. R. 8.00 .A.. .21.
do do Wnsr, 9.304. .u.,5.-15 2.1.
.10 do Easr, 8330 A. 31., 3 15 P. M.
R.» A; WILLIAMS, P. M.
__ _ p ..
Telegraph Office open.
E Telegraph Officea in Norwslk is now
T open on week days-from 8 A M. to 0 P..\!._.
and on the Sabbath from 7 t.a;.8i o’clock, P.
Oflico as heretofore at , Austen’s Daguerrian
Rooms, Donbury j.1udNor_\valk llo._ilroad Depot.
. . ' ‘ 1' 1y40
For Sale 'Y‘e‘ry' Cheap.
DWELLING and TWO ACRES of'LAN_D,
now occupied by the Subscriber. Said
House isentirely.new,.,built in the best man-
L101‘ by duy"s work ; _1¥§-."111<=8,S;111_tly situated——-
coznmauding; 8. Splend1<11‘;YiGW of Long Island
Sound, the village and S.l1I.‘F0.unding country.
There is I‘. never failing‘ Spring. of first rate
soft water. ixnmediately in front of the House,
at :1 very small expense it could be so arrang-
ed that an immense quantity of’ trout couldbe
raised 10!.’ line New ,Y(_)rk lllarlrt.-t-tliercby
giving a pl‘0lli.:J.ble pastime to the purchlser.
Enquire-—on the premises—of - ,. .
GEORGE O. STREET.
OLASSES in HhdsI and Bb1s., of super-i_
or quality, at OLMSTEAIYS.
pi-tr Good’ Jig. clothing Store,
this market. We shall be happy to accommo-
date customers with any tlllilllg in our line at
liberal prices. ,
15 I J, C. HUBBELL,
SPANG. 8;, BARDW'ELL’SI__,
At Westport, Conn
HE above firm would inform the inhabitants
of Westport and vicinity, that they have
on hand a. complete and extensive assortment
of DRY GOODS, READY MADE CLOTHING,
and every kind and style of goods adapted to
Mens wear.
The Clothing and Tailoring department is
conducted by the senior partner (J. Spang,)
whose reputation as a cutter is well established.
There can always be found a better assort-
ment of Black‘ and C'ol’d Cloths, Black, and
Fancy Cassimeres, Sattinetts, Kentucky Janes
Meriuos, Cassimers, Linens. and Cotton Goods
for Summer wear, than is or ever has been kept
in the place. Cloth etc., is cutfrec of charge
when bought at this Establishment.
SPANG dc BARDWELL.
cheaper‘ than Ever] ‘
./it the South Norwalk
on o ¢‘a‘,E_,l.l-Y s-roan.
HE Subscriber has on hand by far the lar-
gest and best selection of Family Groce-
ries and Provisions, tobe, found in South Nor-
walk, which he offers to his customers and the
public, at greatly reduced prices. His facili-
ties are such that he will be constantly receiv-
ing new and fresh supplies of goods, as the
wants of his‘ Customers may, require, which will
always be of the best quality: and sold at the
very lowest possible price, and he would re-
spectfully solicit an examination and trial of
the same. . GEO. W. SMITH-
Q Land For Sale.
ABOUT eight acres of good Land, near
Main-st., one mile north of the Bridge, is offer-
ed for sale upon very reasonable terms. It is
admirably adapted for building lots, or for
gardening purposes, having a quick and rich
soil, and a large bed of vegetable mould or
compost manure, thereon; or it is well calcu-
lated for a first rate meadow. It is well fenced
and in a very eligible. location. For further
particulars enquire at this Ofiice. tf3
% Cabinet Ware Rooms at
T ESTPORT .!.
HE Subscribers would respectfully inform
their friends and the public generally, that
they are still locatedla few doors north of the
turnpike, opposite the Store of Alva Gray,
where may be found a. large and general gg.
sortment of CABINET Warm in general,
Undertaking in all its departments attended
to at the shortest notice and upon reasonable
terms.
An examination of our stock and prices is
respectfully solicited, as we are determined
not to be undersold by any similar establish-
ment in the County.
RENOUD do BRUEN.
13
New Bakery.
.R. BUNTING would respectfully inform
- a his old Customers and the public general-
ly, that he has returned to his former business
and isnow prepared to furnish his friends with
every variety of‘ fresh Cakes, Pies, and Bread,
including Graham, Rye and Domestic Bread,
«S:-c. His store, adjoining Messrs. Allen, Meeker
& Co., has been fittedpupexpressly for his bus-
iness, and he hopes to receive is liberal share
of the public pntro'na.ge, 20
Building Moving,
BYOEAR1-EB TUBE. . ~
LL orders for building raising and moving.
left with. the subscriber, will receive
prompt attention and be executed in thcsofest
and most expeditious manner.
JOSEPH SHEPHERD,
. .Carrla. e Maker, .-‘fgent.
-woosrnn nous}:
CORNER OF MAIN AND \\'1il’l‘E STREETS,
Near the Rail Road Depot.
THE Subscriber having‘ leased the abovo
' named Hotel, is prepared to receive board-
ers aud transient visiters. The House is abun-
dantly supplied with spring water, and hasall
the conveniences necessary to make guests
comfortable, and the undersigned feels confi-
dent from the experience that he has had in
the business of hotel keeping, that he can give
satisfaction to those who favor him with their
patronage. JOHN R. FORRESTER. .
N. ~13‘.-—-Warm and Cold Water Baths ready
at all hours.
Danbury, 1855.
1y4l
36
ODA, "Butter, Water, Graham, Railroad
Boston, Lemon and Fancy Crackers, just
roc0iv0d,from the Bakgiy and for sale by
“-1- . manna as oo.
- men 8.11
' the effect to condense two Daguerreotypes ta-
- call.
0 LEEMAN CURTIS.
' Norwalk, July 15. 1854. ~tf26
pm New Styles. 2
New Goods &. low prices.
HARLES FIELDS has now on hand as
large and varied an,assortm§_n_t.o_f_Gent1e-'
as has ever been presented to the public in this
market. The styles are new ; the workmanship
neat and beautiful; while the material is of
the finest texture and most durable quality.-—
He has some very elegant, plain and fancy
colored, Ladies Gaiters ; also, Gent’s Patent
Leather Boots and Shoes, with an endless as-
sortment of Boys and_Misses Shoes, all of which
will be sold very low for cash. The public are
are invited to call and examine his stock for
themselven. mu
TCMJJDBCII
srnma as AXLE co..
HANUFACTURERS OF
SPRINGS & -AXLES
BOTH COMMON 8; PATENT,
Of all kinds and sizes,
Cannon-IL, opposite ‘1‘omlinnon's‘Curriago Manufaetory,
Bnrnonronr, Comv.
It is acknowledged that the above Establish-
ment manufactures the bestarticles in their
line. to be found in the market. All orders
by Mail or otherwise promptly responded to.
Russm. Toumsson, Pres, S. B. Fsaousox, Ja.,
Trens’r, Wu G. Lmssunon, Sec’y. tf‘34
Improved Daguerreotypes,
In New and Splendid Cases.
JUST received a large assortment of every
variety of plain and fancy cases, including
the new style of Patent Union Cases, which
are considered by all, as a most beautiful and
durable article. Also on hand stereoscopc
cases, with carefully selected lens, which have"
ken at different angles into one. and thereby
shows the features in a most perfect and life-
like_manner. Persons can have no conception
of the beautiful effect thus produced unless
they have seen them. The Subscriber is also
taking, with wonderful success, Crayon Da-
guerreotypes, and at a very low rate. It is 9.
very common occurrence for persons who have
had their likenesses taken in New York and
elsewhere, to have them retaken-at the Sub-
scriber’s Gallery. . —
JOHN AUSTEN.
P. S. A large assortment of Fancy Cases,
Souvenors, Annuals, Tokens, Lockets, &c.,
designed expressly for Holiday Gifts. Don’I
‘fail to call and get 9. picture, over Danbury ll:
Norwalk Railroad Depot. 51
WATBRBURY &. DUNCAN’,
Blacksnxiths. .
HE Subscribers thankful f'or the liberal
patronage which they have received from
the Public during the past year, would re-
spectfullyinform their customers that they
are still prepared to execute all orders in
their line of business, in the best possible
manner, expeditiously and at reasonable rates.
Especial attention paid to the repairing of
Wagons, Sleighs, &c. Mill-Work and Ma-
chinery made and repaired, Turning, &c., &c.
Carriages, Sleighs, Wheel-beams. -1:c., built to
order.
WATERBURY :5: DUNCAN.
No:-walk Iron Foundry.
EVERY description of C.A.sr1.\'G done at the
shortest notice and in the,best manner,
as. cheap as can be obtained at any other es-
tablishment in the State. Galvanized Chains,
Chain Pumps,Iron Fencc,Posts,Rai1ings, &c.,
furnished to order. Patterns executed at
short notice and upon reasonable terms.
131 ALEXANDER AUSTIN.
' S. E. OLMSTEAD,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Groceries,
Provisions, «’,*c., J\/'0. 14 and 16 Main-st.
ASju_:-.9. rcceivezl an entirely new and ex-
_ teusive assortment of goods which he -
Wlll sell on as favorable terms as any in the
trade. The public are respectl’u'lly—invited to
N'0l”Wz‘-1k, March 5th, 1855.
Pressed &. Common Brick Lime,
Cement, Calcined Plaster. Hair
. and Marble Dust. I
THE Sub_scribe2- having dissolved his connec-
_ hon with W. Sri_u»:i:'r, Esq. in the above
business, will continue it on his own account,
and will keep a good assortment of the above
named articles ccnstnutly on hand which win
be sold cheap for Cash.
15
CHAS. T. LEONARD.
I
Ladies’ Gaiter§,’Bo”B'ts, andslippers, , . 5
lamb-2;S‘
_ ,, . ,‘ ,
From the, Ilium-__a§e,d ;I.o,n,don,
By the.Alna‘ :I&1vet. .
Willie, fold your little hands, , \
Let it drop-—t.hat “soldier” toy. ‘_ "
Look where father-’s picture stands,‘ "
' Father, that here kissed his boy -
Nota month since--father kind, _' _ V , 1, _,
Who this‘night’may-(never inlnd, . ,'
Mother’s sob, my Willie den--)‘ , ' ’ ' ‘I
' Cry out loud that he may hear ' 4
Who is God of Battles-‘—say '
“God keep father safe this day
By the Alma river!” .
Ask no more, child. Never hefd . -_
Either Russ, or Frank, or Turk,
Right of natious—-trampled creed-3 ' -
Chauce'pois'ed vict'ory’s b1oodIy'work§ 1*“
Any flag 1’ the wind may roll,
On thy heights, Sebastopol!
Willie, all to you or me
Is that spot, where’er itbe,
Where he stands—no other word,-—
a
4
v,‘
Stands—God sure the child’s prayer
Near th"e~Alma river. ‘ ‘ ’
,~'.‘‘_.s.~:
'’ Willie, listen the bells,
Ringing in the town to-day," _
'l‘hat’s for victory. ’ No knell hwblls, '
' For the many swept awsy,- ‘~ ‘ ‘
Hundreds, thousands I Let‘. us weep;
We, who need not-,-just to keep .
Reason clear in thought and brain
Till the morning comes again ; V ’ ’
Till the third dread morning tell; ‘
Who they were that fought and‘-fill-1-I ’
By the Alm|.rlvor., . ~' -
'-‘~.'.~'
1»
Come—£we’ll lay us" down, my child,‘
Poor the bed is-poor" and hard, ' "
But thy father,'far exiled; '
Sleeps upon the open award, .~ , .- n .
I Dreaming of us two at home;
‘ Or, beneath the starry dome, '
Digs out trenches" in’ the dark,
Where he.bu’ries——Willie, mark !'
Where he buries those who died
Fighting, fighting at his side, " r « I
By the Alma river. - I
’ Willie. Willie, go to sleep;
God will help us, 0 my- boy! ’
He will make the dull hours creep
Faster and send news of joy;
When I need not shrink to meet
These great placards in the street,
That for weeks will ghastly stare
In some eyes-Child, say that prayer '
Once again—a different one—- '
Say--“O God ; Thy will be done, :4
By the Alma river.” I). H. M. '
1 -L
I. In
niece, luv...
3 ‘.14 L
-Printing.
“ Thou hast most traitorously corrupted the
youth of the realm, in erecting a grammar
school; and whereas, before, our forefathers
had no other books but the score and tally thou
hast caused Pmxruvo to be used ; and contra-
ry to the king. his crown, and dignity, thou
hast built _a. paper mill.”—Shalcapeare:
Discussion as to the origin of Printing
has given considerable employment to
the art itself. Various localities contend
for the honor. Ponderous folios have
....vé=-M ‘-
\'v X:_ .
‘convinced the writers thereof, that Har-
lem is entitled to the glory; the advo-
cates of the claims of Mentz have con-
clusively established their case to every
«-ther's satisfaction, while Strasburg re
fuces to abandon her position, and Ven-
I08 stands firm in her own behalf.-
While perusing a volume of arguments
for and againstthe claims of William
Caxton to the honor of introducing the
art. into England, we became painfully
conscious of the fallibility of human evi-
dence, and abandoned the investiga-
tion with a mind delightfully confused.
The art which illumes all things else,
seems fo have left its own history in the
dark. A
It may serve to account for the doubts
in which the subject. is involved if we
assume that complete and perfect origin-
ality is to be ascribed to none of the op-
posing candidates. The applicution of
Priming would by no means necessarily
be an immediate consequence of its in-
vention. ,
Printing is valuable, in that it multi-
plies copies at but comparatively slight
increase of cost; but it becomes of little
importance in the absence of an adequate
demand, and it would have been cheap-
er, in all probability to have supplied the
wants of the reading community’ by
means of manuscript, man by printed
copies, at a period not far anterior to the
first attempts in the am. At a time when
kings and great warriors settheir names
and seals with me sword’s hilt, and left
reading and writing to monks and clerks
it is not likely that very large editions of
light literature, could have been circula-
ted by even the most enterprising pub-
lisher.
Learning, such as is acquired from
books, was confined to very few. The
church possessed, almost exclusively, the
written knowledge of the world, and on-
ly in the various religious houses, with
rare exceptions, were moderate libraries
to be found.
History, indeed, from the earlieltages
records the names of many who explor-
ed all the various sources of knowledge
to which may had access. While it
was in the ability of all to possess, the
opulent alone were able to indulge a
f taste for literature.
Manuscript works were of great val-
ue. We read of Cicero reserving from
uis income a considerable portion. as a
fund for the prospective purchase of a
desired library. \Vriting to Atticns,
' who had for sale, a valuable collection of
works, copied from the Athenian libra-
ries, he says: “Pray keep your hooks
for me and do not despair of my being
able to make them mine: which, iflcau
T . BUILDING _-In ATBRI A1-_'s_ gcompass, Ishall think myself richer than
3 Croesus, and despise the fine villas and
gardens of them all.” On another occa-
sion, “Take care that you do not part
with your library to any man, how eu-
‘ger soever he may be to buy it ; for I
am Settlllg apart all my little rems,; to
purchase that relief for my old age.”-
In a third letter, he says: “That he had
placed all his hopes of comfort and
pleasure, whenever he should retire from
Office at the Store of W. C. Swarm.
C
LA-RK’S Genuine 6 card Spool Thread at l
44 “I. per don, for sale by
O. S. CLARK.
l
business, on Atticus’s reserving these
books for him.”
‘I, Valuable lands were freely buttered
Lfor rare volumes. Becutellus, inauspic-
*£irr“
. ,po_g¢é"gl__orious' nn_a,'n.ve’;je,x
1 wo'uld'3be the condit
S?1§Y-AOCTOBEB 30- 1855-
,1“tleto.'VAlphonsos,' king of Naples "and
ly, writes thun I ‘-One.-thing I -want-to
know of your .-prudence, -whether I or
- .-Bagging‘. have. done: best: he, that he
,migm,~_buy a,coungry; house near Flor.-
ence, sold Livy,-which he had writ in a
very fair hand: and 1, to purchase Livy.
have exposed _a_.piqcc of land. to saic.”--
It is related that 1 , Saxon-king gave an
estate of eight hundred acres for a single
~volume. , ,
Manuscript books were devised by
will with,'great'.exactitudc, find, in trans-
ferring the posses'siou'of (them, all ‘the
most strict formalities were observed.—-
In the Universito ‘of Cambridge, more is
. .a manusc_‘1'ip't'_bible:, in‘ which is, written.
“This book was presented by Lecfric,
Bishop ‘ofthe Chm-ch'of St. Panel’: in
' Exetérgifbr thé u‘s‘e"'o"f‘_his‘ succe‘nsors."-
I'.ge;ofric"dlefd""abOut 1071} ‘ ’ ’
There is preherved’ in -the College of
Laon. atFPa1*is‘Iaiconrract’ conveying '11‘-
‘ilé to.a~munuecuip:.'bcok,1which- W83 *3‘
ecuted:rin-- the presonco of «two ‘ Ndtiriel‘.
,,',, ,,Ic,ii.-listed-1332....::: -:- -. -
,_Abuudam-, and. interesting evidence.
‘could ;,be_: '_ »addcd.1.of . the estimation -in
which..b90.k_8_ have -Always .bcon,held.-by’
‘chase c8p!b|9 of. ,t.he‘-.r appreciation. No
~ in gums-.19 is ..!°'I“_i!¢§ mo. -.p‘ro.se. 3|-.-.2. the.
; ;.v.a}v€:s1ta¢.hs.¢}9 _u,=emgv.-9 ws!1.=3s-9;".-
-... ed.‘ .1‘hn..,:ms-1.. elevated snsl. -wins.“
‘irlé-.-'I.=.re‘-.'.<'vf.f1i,,f.e.=;a1-.r.e{min can derive!-
By sh-ir m°s‘n-1‘k'h<‘.:'v;r|e.'d8'°- i-‘pr-erred
land: ‘,diu’e'fninate'gl, They, ,,hav_o, made
' ‘ ' q ‘the, in-
ir,‘ .D_¢'pri ,'”c1‘_'cf,._th'c|'h who:
, oI=":<>.f,;x=‘iifi? ‘
» ‘Without exumlni g"Ihc”' claim - of this"
jquities of‘ “
~ Chinese, who are probably entitled to
_:he honor of h’av‘ing"fin't priutidfrolu efi-'
td theurt in connection with Europe,
P The prominenticandidntosfot the hou-
'or of inventing Printing Typcsfirl Lun-
rensz,J'ansz, surnamed» Cotter, of Huer-
lem, and, John_Gultemherg,.of -Momz,
now Mgyence.
Not desirous of outer-
ing intopa contest which has already. dis-
‘ turbed the equanimity of ,many worthy
gentlemen, we propose to sketch the
state of the art in its infancy, and trace
its progress to the present time.
Many stories of but doubtful authen-
V ticity, have been relatedconcerning the
‘ -invention of Printing and its introduc-
tion. Like the tales that fascinated us
in childhood, we are loth to disbelieve
t.hein.5 However, we have no certain
,e_vide,nce'of their falsity, -and probably
the suspicion of fable is the result entire-
ly of their simple truth.
It is related that Laurensz Jansz,wal-
king in a wood by his native’ city, amus-
ed‘hin‘iself by. cutting letters upoutthe
bark .of- trees, from which he took an im-
pressionoxi paper. It is o;_herwise_told
. that having. cut some letters upon I
branch, and desiring to carry it home to
his grandchildren, he wrapped it in a
piece of paper. Before he reached home
however, he fell asleep, and while in
that state was exposed to a slight show-
er. Upon reaching his residence, he ob-
served that the paper which had envel-
oped the branch, being moistened by the
rain, had taken an impression of the let-
ters. 'l'he idea thus obtained was pur-
sued, umil he succeeded in printing a
book from wooden blocks, upon which
the words were cut, and afterwards from
wooden types of single letters, capable
of various combinations.
This was about 1430, but the whole
account has been vehemently denied by
many able commentators.
Previous to this time, it is asserted
that printing from engraved blocks was
well known, being used in the manufac-
ture of playing cards, and also in ma-
king little pictures of saints, &c.
Aboutthe year 1440, John Guttem-
berg, of Mentz, commenced the printing
of books. At first he used wooden blocks
or types. As these were not sufficient-
ly durable, and as much difficulty was
experienced in getting them of auniform
height, metal cut types were substituted
and with these Guuemberg, in connec-
tion,-with J obn Faust, a wealthy citizen
of Mentz, whom he had taken into put-
nership, printed .11 Bible, published 1450.
With the imperfect means at their
command, this must be considered a
great undertaking, and we are not sur-
prised to learn that the task occupied
nearly eight years.
The invention of cast metal types is
ascribed to Peter Schaaffer, a -servant of
Faust, who, in consideration of its great
importance, gave to Schaaffer, his daugh-
ter in marriage. .
So highly was this improvement as-
teemed, Lhat. it was by many looked up-
on as the original of Printing. It must
be remembered that the whole method
of Printing was concealed with the
greatest care, the assistants being sworn
to secrecy. The first book: printed were
sold as manuscript, and it is said that
John Faust took a number of printed
Bibles to Paris for the purpose of selling
as such. This was in 1462. Bibles
such as Faust desired to cell, were pur-
chased from the scribes at from 500 to
600 crowns, and he disposed of a few at
that rate. Having supplied the legiti-
mate demand, he reduced the price, and
was compelled, before he could sell all,
to offer them at as low as 30 crowns
each. These circumstances excited an
active curiosil y, and soon all Paris-was
agitated, The various copies were ex-
amined, and a wonderful uniformity dis-
covered.
Superstitions persons alleged that
Faust had obtained the assistance of the
Devil, and from that it is inferred that
this unfortunate printer is the original of
him who is so unpleasantly connected in
popular tradition with his satanic majes-
l_V as the "Deviland Dr. Faustus.” Re-
solved not to divulge his secret, Faust
submitted to be cast into prison, but his
life being seriously threatened, he was at
last compelled to disclose to his judges
the possession or an art. destined event-
ually to eradicate the whole of the igno-
rant superstitious so universal at that
time.
Like all great reforms and discoveries
Printing, in its early years, encountered
the most violent opposition. The scribes
whose interests it materially affected,
struggled desperately to oppose it. The
superstitions. the ignorant, the illiberal,
sought to arrest its progress. Distegaf.
ding the obstacles in its path, is strode
triumphantly onward in its great ca-
rear.
From Menu '1‘ Proud abroad, and in
,gnved‘bloclfs, we‘ shall conflh’e‘6uriclv¢b' '
..'..-u Q.--. » s I _ ,
I “F” - _.-_:""'_':':" _ -. -- .- . .. - ._ _ ___ ~ ---~- ‘Ii
.: - ‘
‘ll
L‘~: . _
::‘:.I' -
., 1
.5.“
7 5-1 J
‘:1 ‘ .
I‘. ,
._..t _ ,__, W, _____,___-..__.__-.. -.... _
IN AIDVANCE
Ifirrbnuiri, .112. as, athnratiuu, 2c. 2<:.---cmuh1sim in lean. e
“VOLUME XX,XVIII.---NUMBER’-1.-ill’,
.1466 VII. introduced into Rome, Augs.
burglnd Ruelnigen; in 1469, into Ven-
ice -and Paris. continuing to extend un.
til. II‘ gcnerllly conceded, it was brought
into. England by William Caxton about
the your 1474.
Being hero established, the art was
continally improved; and among the
many enlightened printers who devoted
themselves to the.-advancement of their
profession, thename of Wynkyn de Word
is prominent. He procured the cuning
of new sets of letters, and ‘observed the
uiccstoccurncy in the manufacture of
hisitype. John Day, whocommenced
printing in 1544; was the first in Eng-
.la'nd,-thut.usod'the Saxon -letters. He
extended -the variety and made several
‘improvements in types.‘ - -
. The present uatcof the-art ; -thebeau-
" ‘tyfand variety of the type employed ; the
frapidity with which copies can be mul-
tiplied ; the elegance of the. impressions
‘obtained with modern presses, have been
the result of very gradual progress. Un-
til within I . few years, notwithstanding
iminyimprovementa, but little apparent
~.-progru_s._vvas made towards‘ increasing
-the ‘beauty, -of _. printed works. It. was
consequently, not unusual, for authors to_-
refer to, the books of the old printers as
worthypf adgniration andimitauon, and
,compilo:_g ;_o.th¢ presen‘. day, continue to
.uscribc,_to, the am printers on equality
with ‘out,-time in the excellence of their
labors‘, but_th_c. superiority of our paper.
typesund presses, produce results much
more beautiful than were perhaps ever
before droqms of. , i .
In the. ipfsncy of the art. its results,
ware‘ comporhtively "very . rude. The
type used wdh, tended to imitate wri-
,‘,t'ip‘&,-' ind paring ;of the character of
’g' ‘jc and script. In punctuating they
employed no iiiirks at first other than
the period and colon;, an oblique stroke
was afterwards introduced, and fulfilled
the purpose of our'copxmI. Pages had
neither running title not number. The
division of words and sentences were
very imperfect, and the language was
not divided into paragraphs. Capital
letters were not used to commence a
sentence, nor in proper names. No rules
seem to have regulated their orthogra-
phy, which was entirely without meth-
od, and their abbreviations were so nu-
merous as to cause thenecessity, in time
of publishing a book, by the directions
in which, they could be read But. one
kind of letter"was used throughout. A
space was left at. the beginning of chap-
ters for the illuminator, who wrote in va-
rious colored ink the Initial letter.—-
Theso were often elaborately ornamen-
ted, and very costly,‘ being embellished
with flowers and figures, and sometimes
with gold and-silver. The first presses
were fashioned after the common wine
press. .
Fora short time the paper was print-
ed on but one side, the bla‘nk"sides being
pasted together. The only forms on
books, were the folio and quarto. Two
or three hundred copies were then con-
sidered as large edition.
Dates were often omitted, and the
name of the printer, when given, was
placed at the end of the book. '
At the present day, printing presses
have reached a marvellous perfection-
the utmost resources of invention and
science seem to have begotten atasxe for
reading and the spread of general intelli-
gence, has caused a demand difficult to
be supplied.—.Roa'e’s of U. S. Ado.
-. .
Printing Type.
In the manufacture of printing type
various processes are gone through, all
requiring very great accuracy and care.
Many improvements have been made,
nor is it improbable -that more will be
effected. We shalfgive a brief, and we
hope a clear description of the modern
manufacture of type, as we have ob-
served it in a large establishment of this
city. Each establishment has peculiar-
ities of its own. but the general princi-
ples are the same. The letters, &c , are
first cut upon a steel punch. This re-
quires great skill. The characters are
oftimes extremely minute, and every
pains is taken to procure not only indi-
vidual beauty but great uniformity. Not
only letters but figures, signs and orna-
ments. endless varieties, are thus cut.
There are also, spaces, separate words.
Quadrats, which are larger than spaces,
separate sentences, and in general occu-
py the position among type that is rep-
resented by the unprinted parts, both
spaces and quadrats being shorter than
type. In a full font of type there are
about 300 different characters. The
cost. of the separate punches varies from
two to fifty dollars.
After the punch has been cut it is in-
dented to a certain depth into a block of
copper; this is called the matrix. Elec-
trotyping has of late years been used
for the purpose of obtaining matrices
from the type itself, by which means
type founders are enabled to avail them-
selves of each others labor. Business
morality is a most elastic quality, and it
would be a useless expenditure of time
to question the propriety of the practice.
An apparatus, denominated the mould
is used for forming the body of the type,
and to this mould, which ans wers for
all the types of a font, the different
matrices are adjusted as required. He
who adjusts the matrices to the mould.-
is called a justifyer, or more commonly
a finer. All the types of a font are 0!
the same length and depth, though the
letters upon them vary in their dimen-
sions. Tlxe mould is so constructed as
to admit of the width being altered to
suit. the letters to be cast: thus the let-
ter 1, which is very narrow, is upon the
body of a type, the perpendicular face
of which is precisely the same as that -of
the letter W, several times as wide.——-
It is necessary that the bodies of types
should also have all their lines an exact
right angles; without this they would
not stand in line, and would consequent-
ly be useless. If the types varied in
height, they would not give a perfect
impression, in endeavoring to obtain
which some would be subjected to an
injurious pressure. A few types have a
portion of use face of the letter project
ing oven the body, as in the letter f; this
projection is ca|.ed the kern, and in com-
binations wherein the kern would‘ come
in contact with anotherleuer, connpouud
types are cast, as in the case of flf, fi, fl.
fli, fl. some years Iinco those co whim-
- tions is truly astonishing.
tious were much more numerous, but
many havebr.-en dlspen-ed with by alte-
ring the form of the letter.
The next. Operation is that-’of casting.
The old method, which is even to the
present time generally used in England,
may be thus described. The matrix
having been adiusted for the mould, is
taken by the caster in his lcft hand.-—
At his right, upon a furnace, is a potof
molten metal. -' The metal he dips out
in suitable quantities with a small ladle,
and pours into the‘ mduld, at the same
time giving aquick upward jerk, for the
purposeiof forcing the metal well into
the matrix, to give the qype a good face,
Aspring which holds the matrix in its
proper" position is Ibex; removed, the
matrix‘is~pried‘ out irmn off the type,
the mould: opened, .and.the type thrown
out. By this meth0d_an average of
about 4,000 types per. day can be cast
by one’ man. An _irnp'or;aut. improve-
menm'v'a's made in“!‘8:4, "by Archibald
Binny, of Philadelphia-, whereby, with
one motion, o{Qtbc.lpau,d_,,:he matrix was
thrown tzufandqtlie n.ould,opeued. This
invention ini:re'ased the’ rapidity with
which‘ types were -cast at least 50 per
cent. — Type-castersacquired great ex-
pertness, and with the hand moulds were
enabled to -cast“ .l_1f‘l1I§,,,e‘.‘§l§fBOIdlI13ly ra-
pidity, but only for a short time. _
ln1828 “the casting‘ machine was
patented by‘ \Villiam ‘N1.-'4 Johnson, an
ingenious citisenxof -New York, and put
since which‘tinme,i; has,bgen greatly im-
'“provéd.‘ By"fhis 'éoutriv'anée,'a pump
inserted ii11:he' molten m‘/etn‘l'l’njbcts the
requisite quantity into the mould‘, which
is brought sharply into contact with the
pisv_on,,tl_1e mould thqn comes, of from
the pump, opens and discharges the type
into a bdx. In type’ ‘foundries’ general-
ly, this machine is—wO'rked by hand, but
the one-we had the pleasure of «exami-
ning, steam power is, successfully ap-
plied. At least three times the number
of type can becast by the machine than
the ordinary‘ hand mould, and a veloci-
ty of 200 revolutions per minute, (each
revolution forming one Lype,) has occa-
sionally been obtaiued, though the actu-
.al resuhs are by no means to be based
upon the fact. Various causes operate
to prevent a long continuance of such
speed.
The type, after being discharged from
the mould, has a piece of metal, called
the jet, attached to the bottom; this is
broken off by a boy, called a breaker,
and the singular swifmess of all his mo-
Smart lads
or girls, who have had auffiul-can experi-
ence, perform all these operations with
such rapidity, as to pain the eye‘ that ob-
serves them. The jets having been re-
moved, the types are taken :0 another
room, where boys and girls are engaged
in rubbing off the Inequaiities upon-the
sides. This is effected by bringing the
type in contact with a smooth stone,
prepared for the purpose, and moving it
from side to side. The rubbers general-
ly smooth several at the same t.ime.——
Those letters which are kerned as before
described, cannot be wholly rubbed up-
on a flat surface, and they are consequent-
ly filed smooth by an ingenious contri-
vance, which prevents the kern from be-
ing injured.
After this operation, the types are set
together with the faces downwards, in a
composing stick eight. inches long, and
thence are transferred to the setting
stick, which is one yard in length.—
Those who do this are called setters.-—
The dresser now takes the setting sticks
and placing the line 0.’ type for that par-
pose. They are then placed, face down
wards in a vice, and the dresser with a
plane cuts a small groove in the end,
over the place from which the jet. has
been removed. He now carefully ex-
amines Ihe faces with a ‘magnifying
glass, 1-ej.-cung all such as are in the
least imperfect. The perfect tynes are
now formed, and they are placed togelh
er side by side, upon a small board with
a frame on three edges, umil there isa
page. The page is uniform in size, be-
ing 6 x 4 1-4 inches. A cord is then
drawn se-era! times tightly around the
page, and it. is wrapped up in paper-
ready for the printer.
Type metal is readily fusible, and is
composed of antimony, tin and lead.-
These are used in various proportions,
according to the size of the letter and
the degree of elasticity required. Late-
ly, a process by which the face of the
type is coated with copper, thereby in-
creasing its durability, has been adopted
to a considerable extent,
Until within a few years there were
but few varieties of type in use--now
they are to be counted by hundreds.—
They are cast from the most minute size
up to large blocks, having a surface face
of 16 square inches.
Of Diamond type, (the smallest type
in use) 201 lines measure 12 inches. Of
an averaged sized Diamond letter 81,
274 may be impressed on a surface of
one square foot, and there are Diamond
spaces so small that 203,187 Will go to a
square foot, or 1,411 to the I-quare inch.
and of these about 6,200 are obfaifled
from one pound of metal The largest
letter regularly Supplied by type 1'01"!“
crs is called twelve line pica, 30653 3'?
two inches on the peryt.-lu.llC»ll'EII‘ faec.
varying in Width with the is-lter. The
larger sizes that we see on show bills.
&c., are cu: in wood. _
Such is a brief and, we feel, very Im-
perlect sketch of the origin, progress.
and present COl1dl'.l0l1 of an art_ which
has already accomplished so much for
mankind. Eulogism has been exhaust-
ed in its pra|sc—i( is beyond all praise;
like the sun, the air, it is a necessity---
“The Art Preservative of all Arts." 11.
has enlightened ignorance, dispersed er-
ror, corrected superstition, and over-
thrown armies. 1!. strengthens the
brave, encourages the timid,inspires the
desponding, and consoles the afflicted.-—
Its light. penetrates the darkest dungeon
and cheers the most humb.e cottage.-—
Truth accomp: nies it, and error flees
before it. It Will regenerate the world!
.Rode’s U. S. .-ldcemlser.
|§ Those who smack their lips over
smooth old I-leidsick, must be gratified
with the reflection that even the corks
bearing the Heidsick brand are worth
ten cents apiece to the wine merchant.
' ting, and vice versa,
In opexatipn. _ is W7hi.rs’.s". foundry.
;
. ~..... 1 u. I
Budding has the advanLa'ga:oV¢r‘l!,'t05—'
as tinie--19‘
by one operaton or A
who have not graftedin the "_P“*¥3-' '3”
bud generally from midsummer-to amum, -
if their trees furnish suitable ' stocks for V
the insertion of the budsvalld ”_“‘5,“-7 ’
to some extent, repair the delay , g
The following spring it W1ll~-be-‘-1-991$‘ '
to snperadd the services qf graftmggof. '
the remaining branches. bevetah years
must be taken in snycase for PWmg_°F'
a new top on a - tree. 85 100 5‘‘’°°P“33.
work atone time endan L L g _
and perhapsthe life ofthe tree. '-In cos‘!
the tree has been pnvlously grafted.
ding may, with great success, follow, I
will be found that after an old tree ha!
‘been grafted, new and -Vlg‘_"°“9 'P’9“‘_"'
shoot out along the large limbs: These
Should be thinned out, in Whlch buds
may be inserted thus hastening the 18-‘
newal of the top of the tree. , " -
Budding early gives the advantage‘ Of“
season, as was observed in the -former’
RHXOIO.
with any advantage-‘WW-‘I9 WT?’ °?“’l_Y'
buddingis desired, soesrly that «he-
hese buds are not so‘ like! y to‘
for use. T _ .,
knit or sprout. The most successful time-
for extensive bud
enough for use. And if the advantages‘
:c_he_derived from the bud "growing the
first year are desired, we _
mood, in ordinary seasons, for this lat-
itude, the month of July, and the use of
the matures: buds taken from the 7011118
wood of the present year. '
He who buds or grafts must observe
and improve appropriate weather and
§ the labors connects _
: or renewing trees. Last year Owlng 10
' the imense drought. of summer and fall,
but little budding, was succeesfut and
meny of th- grafts set, and young trees
transplanted, died throughthe <_:0l|1m'Y-
This season, on the contrary from It!
frequent and copious rams. 113113 59?“ °""_
of the most favorable seasonalmaglnahlé.
and labors in the garden. field. and
orchard, winch under other circumstan-
ces, might have been useless, have this
ifying success.
_ .—.
‘Albany Baby Show, was one of ‘fifty
dollars to triplets of Mrs. Buckley, of
New Milford, in this State.
l Grafting.-—An interesting discovery
is stated to have been made in France,
in the engrafting of fruit trees. Instead
of making use of a graft, a slip is taken
from an apple tree, for example, and plan-
{ed in a potato, so that a couple‘ or
inches of the slip remaing visible. I:
soon takes root, developes itself, and
finally becomes a handsome tree, bearing
fine fruit. This '_method is due to I B0
5 hemiau gardener.
g A For the Gazette.
Ac:-ostical Enigma.
I am composed of 21 letters.
My 1, 3, 14, 18, 18, IS a Post Master
in New York.
My 2, 8, 20_ 6, 4, 21, 18, 14, 4, is a
P. in Arkansas.
My 3,11, 20, 6, 21, 15‘ is a P. .M._ in
Pennsylvania.
Nly 4, 12. 6, 10, 10, 5, 18, 18, is a P,
in Wisconsin.
My 5,12, I 3, 8, 14, 4, is I P. M. in
California.
My 6, 17, 6, 10, 4, 15, 20, is a
in Pennsylvania. _
My 7, 16, 10, 10, is a P. M. in Iowa.
My 8, 15, 10, 11, is as P. M. in Mis-
south
My 9,16, 19,15. is a P. M. in Ohio.
My 10,15, 14, 11, is a P. M. in Mis-
souri.
My 11, 10, 5.11.16, 16,19, 20,15 3
P. M. in Virginia.
My 12, 17, 6, 4, 4, 9, 4, is a P. M. in
Illinois.
My 13, 1'7, 10, 6. 4, ll, 5, 18, 18, is n
P. M. in New York.
My 14, 13,6, 18, 18, is a P. M. in
New York. .
Mv 15, 21, 19, 6, 17, 3, is a P. M‘. in
Wisconsin.
My 16, 20,6, 4, 7,18, 14, 14, is a P
M. in Ohio‘
My 17, 5, 8, S, 14, 4, is a P. M. in
Maine.
My 13, 12, 5, 21, 15, 10, is 9. P. M.
In South Carolina. '
My 19, 3, 6, 18,_18, is 3 M. in
nois.
My 21, 17, 5, 9, 7, 19, is a P. M. in
Missouri.
My 21, 7, 10, 5, 3, is a P. M. in Ms-
ryland.
My whole is the name of an officer
and his station, in the United States 1'.
0. Department. .
Answerinext week. XOOIIEP.
Obeying 0rders.—"Edward,” said
his mother to a boy of eight, who was
rrundlmg a hoop in the front yard, “your
mum’: go out of that gate into’ Sh!
sirees." ‘ ‘ '
"N0. ma, I won't," was the reply;
‘A few minutes aftenvards his moths: "
had occasion to go to the window. To"
her surprise she saw Edward in the
street engaged in the very edifying em-
ployment. of making dirt pies.
'--Didn't I tell yon,” said she. angrily‘.
"not to go through the gate .7"
“Well, I didn't mother,” was the very
satisfactory reply, "I Iclimbed mver the
fence.”
‘D
.‘*
‘Illi-
@- Adistinguished literary lady was
once found in a paroxysm of tears over me
supposed tomb of Washington at Mount.
Veruonf which turned out to be an ic
house.
Meyers Nutting, of Portland, Me.,
made the acquaintance of two very
agreeable ladies, at the cost to him of
gold watch worth $75. Wohder if ho
let Mn. Nutting know about that!
gets the health."
News a e:sEae;.mvv%évl‘fi‘
Renevving Old 0I'%lI,fi,l"“‘f5.-l"“‘mi,‘ 1'
allqwing the bud to sprout the’ ‘same '
present year’: buds are yet. too imu_i_§tur‘e -
ding is in July or--la_ter -
when the buds of this ‘year are ripe
-would recom-- ’
seasons. Damp weather is favorable. '
Most. seasons are advantageous 1o__all _
d with enher planting -
W g§=- Among the prizes awarded at the
3§¥ifi,é’r!’__‘_ -
-me - other;-W,I_‘fioa%?'
Last. year’s latent buds; ' 93’‘”_°' 1 ,
before remarked, may beuaed. :B}1t-‘Vfl-_;
should be observed, that than only done-
year been or owned with the most grab _
Norwalk Chronicler