”_ J _,‘_ ~,‘_,a,_,_,).'.‘,1,¢.;,.,.«.,,,,;-_;_;,;,_v:g,.,='a1:eau:ini~
r ‘ -‘ “M, ‘f .g',_-_,-,;,.,-..-. ..'.—--«gist-1-A-0*
A... .. vi.-.r—L -.'.
PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY
NUMBER 154-J-NEW SERIES.
MO_RNING _
Terms of the Gazette.
Village subscribers bycarrier—per ye:ir$‘3 0-9
' Mail do. in advance do. :2 00
‘O.'l‘ice subscribei‘s, or those. living out of
the C:1rrier’s district, and who call for
their pape..rs at the office, 1 50
‘Coinpaiiies of live or niore receiving their
p.ipers b-y mall, if paid in advance 1 50
9. S. Ferry,
Attorzicy and Coiiiiscllor at Law.
1‘iI:1lIox-yis Biiiiillciing.
‘Oflicc hours from 8 lo 12 o’cloc/1', A. .M. ; and
from 1 to 6 o'clock, P. III.
C. 33. e. A. BiissELL,
1ltto1'i1c-ys and coi11isclloi's at law.
Ofliice ei:.'e1' J. lllallory 8; £30.75 Store,
NORWALK, CoN-.\'.
ii‘ '—"""‘°‘_'
Cseerge 1%.. Eavenpers,
Attorney iind Cciinsollor at law.
O,//ice l’Vest Side the Bridge,
NORXVALK, CONN.
‘..__._..__#_.__. __.._ ______..____,_____.__.___
G. J. G-E-‘:’.E3'E§C§.&'.-iii’,
DEALER IN FOREIGN AND DOIIIICSTIC
-‘Staple $5.lr"1111s1__1 Em (boobs
CAR PET! N G,
"C arriage Cl oths :1 1111 Trin1s;1i111g s.
ICLOTIIS, C.-i.‘§Sl1iIEItES, VES'i‘li’~if:?s,
‘ésheetings. Flannels, Bette. &c
NORWALK, CT.
4's’-i»'1~'m. W. Narzramore,
"
do . 11 --
Corncr of 1S'l::te(mcl ZlIcu':n.S£i'ccls,
BRIDGEPORT, CONN.
EGEI-II.“z3’ .1t~";3.1'fi.‘S-‘§‘.'L«*.£'.‘f‘~zi’£‘.§
*1
'-;"‘ -5
Ovcir I-‘. St. Jo’.1iir.7s Ste
NOR\V.=\Ll{, CT.
Eittenesses
I-Va7'7'a-nlctl to plcasc all goozl jurlgcs.
«
r
(Eff);
wt»-ct
:¢'-‘vs’.
115.-.-:rJ
?W17‘.\
R3.‘-{E15
5
uniiiil
.9 2*
15,37
_IT:11'tt‘e;'-(T Cezaiity
iilllliltll Fire list-;i1r:112cc benzpany.
GEORGE ST..lOl'lN, Agentz.
\S :1 pledged capital of about $800,000.
A cash surplus ofinoro than $3,000.——
Ii1si.ii':ince on $100 about? cents per year.
Marcli 12. tfl
T eeorge &.Bisse1l,
AGENT or TI-IE
American ll3'iit1i:1lLifc Iiisiiraiicc 00.
OFFICE IN ill.-'\Ll.OI’.Y’S BUILDING.
S. E. Glmsteed,
"WHOLESALE & i1crAiL DEALER IN
‘Groceries. Flour. Provisions. Salt. Powder. 5501
No. 14 6.‘. I6 Miiiii st., Norwalk. Ct.
Lockxvood, Illaigtit 5:. Co.
Ill.-KNUI-‘:‘.C'l‘UREl{S OF
TIN, SHEET-IRON. it BRASS WARES
AND DE;\I.I'2RS IN
Stoves. Furnaces. Heaters, Iaiiges, Drums.
&c., Sheet Lead, Lead Pipe. Sad Iron. Cast-
ings and Brick, Porcelain, Jappain and Britaiiia
\V:ires. Cliina. Crock<>.ry. Glass, Flint Ei1:ii11-
eled and Earthen \V:1i'e. \Vooi:len \V:ii'e, Mats.
Matches, Seives and Briislies, Stove and Shoe
Blocking, VV:1shing :1 iid Yeast Powders, (Sec.
READY MAEE CLOTEEENG.
HE s1il)sci'il)ers have const:1nt.ly on hand
:1 l:ii'go:1ssoi'tn'ieiit. of Ready Made Clotli-
ing of all kinds. descriptions. and sizes, which
5. ill be offered at unprecedente.d low prices.—-
Any person wishing :1. good suit of 'winter
clothes :it :1 less price than they c:ii1 be pur-
chased at any other cstablislinient in this
town, is respectfully invited to call at. the store
of LI'I‘tlAUER ac’ TU RK.
Ready Piiade Clothing.
*‘ ‘‘Iii‘x7.‘§llllll‘
.1
‘an
THE subscriber has on hand and intends
keeping :1 good assortmeiit of Ready Matti!’-
Clotliing ofall kinds. Also, a good assortment.
of Cloths, Cassimei-es, and Vcstings, which
he will make up to order in good style and at
short notice. '
N. B. Particulai' attention paid to cutting.
THOMAS RILEY.
Norwalk. Feb. 25. 1850. 9
A Card.
HE Subscribers would take this method
to inform their friends and the public gen
erally, that they have associated together in
the practice of Dental Surgery, and will be
happy to serve tlieir patrons in the best possi-
ble manner. It is their intention to perfect
such :1i'i'angenients as will secure to their
friends all the advantages that the Dental Pro-
fession :1fI'oi'ds.:1i1d to execute their business
in it style creditable to themselves. \Vitli many
thanks for past favors, they would respectfully
solicit :1 continuance of the same.
CI-lAS..FITCH. A. HILL, DDS.
]{USHES.—Scrub, Stove, Shoe, Hair
and Whitewa sh Brushes of :1 superior
quality, for sale by Loo-Kwoon, EIAIGIIT 65 Co.
Barn for Sale.
E. ‘e. WARREN 1
Cabinet lilalicr & llnilcitiilter.
Two Doors E as‘! 0] [/10 Bani/c,
s'i‘11.uE01‘.D, CONN.
%g7'OULD i'e-spectfully inform the i11habit.-
ants of this, and the adjoining towns,
that being satisfied from the urgent iiecessity
which has frequently existed in cases when
death l1:is been caused by putrid (Iiseases, and
in almost all cases ofdeiitli occurring in warm
weather, that more ample provision in the lino
of articles iiece,ss:1ry for the iiiterineiits of the
de:1d than has herotol'orebec.i1 niade in this sec
tion of the country, is called for, he has been
induced to make the necessary :irr:iiigcnieiits
for, and that he is now prcp:ire.d to fnrnisli Cof-
fins, Slirouds, Caps, Scarfs, &c.. ofcvery des-
cription that may be desired or that can be ob-
tained in the :ity of New York. at :1 moiiients
warning. day or night, and on the inost reason-
able l‘ei‘l)‘..“. He is also prcp:ircd to furnisli
l%lcarses, Carriages’, see to the cliggiiig of the
grave,:ii1d to attend to any other a 1'1-:ii1gei1iciit's
that may be wislicd for the fiiiicral procession,
éic. Those. who may wish to keep the body of
:1 deceased friend several days, can be furiiislied
with an ice—box in which it may be preserved a
week, or loi1gci'if1iecess:ii'y.
The subscriber has also on hand and for sale
Lo<loycii"s zlisiiifectiiig Fluid-—:i ii article which
will clfcctuiilly remove from the sick room, oi
from rooms where death has occurred,all offeu
sive smell. and completely freslieii :1iid purify
the air. This fluid is far superiorto chloride of
lime or soda. it. being much more powerful :1iid
entirely free. from smell. wl1i:l1 iiialies it doubly
v:ilii:ible.. F. C II ;\ UNCEY \VAR.REN.
Staiiiford, Feb. 19th, 1848. 7tf
Gheap, Eerie}? Fay,
AS D
One Price Store.
The Su'.)scribe,r. grziieliil for the pat1'omi_r.ze
lierelofore rccciveil from his nuiiierous l'ric1ids
:iiid aicqriaiiitaiices during the past ‘.25 years,
would say to tlicni and the public geiicrally.
that he is now engagcil in business on his own
:iccoui1t,:1nd on the cficaji, 'roa:ly1)a._?/, and one
price s_2/si‘cm.
It will be obvious to all reflecting minds. that,
to conduct. the uiei'c:iutile business on the one
price s_I/.5-lcin, and itliat. :1 rcry low price, it must
be done for really pay.
Atltlitioiis will constantly be made ofSe:ison-
able goods. to his already large stock comprising
:1ii unusiial variety.
The siibscriber fliitters hiinselftliat from his
nieans aiiil long e..\'pei'ieiu-.e, togctlicr with the
help ofpoliteaiid zitteiitive clerks be will offer
greatiiiducmnonts to all who may wziiit. good
and cheap goods.
SI7.Y.‘1'IOUl"t COMSTOCK.
New Canaaii, Jan. 31,1850.
3-3. G. .'€:E‘.a2';1=.*'=.‘.‘--s'.‘.il;.
EEAS just received :1 new and be.:1utiful ar-
title in his _ line.——:i fniicy-sliaped silk
g azcd cap. of the finest texture. the :issort-
ment of which he will rapidly reduce by the
daily salcs. Also :1 complete variety of every
kind of c:i p. which he offers surpzissingly
clie.-.1 p for cash.
He is l‘li{1l]lJlllCl’lll'Il)g as good :1 hat for S1
as can be procured :it Bclwe 6:, Co.. N. Y..
for Any person (It-‘.SlI'llI§{ :1 lint, light, easy
and wiiterproof, :iiid iiiade by careful iiieasiirc
to fit all the side-bumps of the head, had bet-
ter call without delay, as he is rolling off the
present. edition of Spring flats like liot-cakes.
Silk or For hats finished as per order. 18
Eflercliaiit “Savior.
No. 10 Zl’[:ziri S/,rccl., Olnistr.-urfis I3uil..zling'.9.
[IE S1i‘.1si:i'iber has received, within :1
few days past, :1 large azlditioii to his as-
sortiiient. of Spring Goods, coiisistiiig, in part,
of Bi'o:idcloths, of French, Gcrinan, English
and Aineric:iii m:iiiul'actui'o.
CA SS If\‘I'E RES,
Plain _l3lack and Doeskin ; also :1 large assort-
meiitof l.‘,,,f3_y (iootls. of :1 variety of pzittenis.
Vl£S'l‘INC‘rS AND TRl1\.IMl1\‘GS;
A good :issort,uient. a'l\'ays on hand, to all of
which I would invite :1n oxaiiiiiiaiioii from my
frieiids and customers. and the public gc.i1cr:il-
ly. The above goods will be sold on as rea
sonable terms as can be offere.r_l elsewliere.
G:ii'i1iei1tsinade..oi' made. and Trinimed in :1
most. liisliioiiablc. :ind workm:iulil~:e manner.
Cutting done as usual.
Fashions received every month.
F.‘.[.BlERT CURTIS.
Norwallc, .1“l.17I'il 8th, 18:30.
FEEILIZT TREES,
AT THE
SOUTH. NO.R\VALK NURSERY.
‘IH E siibscribers respectfully solicit the at.-
tention of Fruit growers, to tlicir stock of
'l‘i'ees. consisting of choice Apple. Pear, Clier-
ry, Plum, Apricot and Peach Trees . together
with :1 good variety of Ori1:1me.iital Trees :1 iid
Shrubs, such as. Evergrecns, Mouiitain Ash,
Horse Cliesnut, &c Also, a very fine lot of‘
ls:1bell:i and Catawba Grape vines. Also, on the
first of November, :1 large lot of that large deli-
cioiis berry the True R ed Aiit.wc.rp R:ispberry.
Flesh firm. rich. juicy, with a fine, sweet. liigli
flavor. There is :1 small Red Antwerp, which
has been lai'_gely (llSSP.l’lIlImt€(l; it is poor
and worthless in conipzirison wit.li this noble
berry. GEO. Si-tnionii (3: Co.
South Norgwal/c, Ucl. 26, 18:30. 44
Cloths.
ROAD Cloths, Beaver Cloths, Pilot Cloth,
Cassiuieres, Doe Skins, Satiinetts, Vest-
ings, &c., of all qualities, and :1 large. assort-
ment, for sale cheap by the yard, or IIIHLIG up
to order in the most superior style and \\'tl'i‘l'aI)-
ted to fit, at prices much below the usual rates.
Cutting doncfrec of cliarge. S. M001/ro1\‘.
IVcs/.110rl., I\'oc. 4, 1850.
Eye Stufz"-55! Bye Stufisl
O\V receiving :1 large supply of Dye
Stuffs, consisting in part. of the following
articles: Logwood, Nicwood, Fustic, Caiii-
wood. Potash. Indigo, Copperns. Alum. Blue
Vitriol, l\'1:idder, Hypernic, Red \Vood, Ver-
digris,-&c. &c. p
Also. on l1:1nd :1 good supply of every article
in the Dyers :1nd M:1nufact1ii'ei"s line. at prit
ces which cannot fail to suit buyers Call :1-
J. A. VVEED’S.
For Sale.
"ERY clieap. :1 good Shower Bath, nearly
new. Apply at the store of
C. E. DISBROVV.
EX'I‘I"»ACT of Vanillii; Lemon, Rose,
HICH will be sold at :1 barg:1iu. En- Orange Flower \V:1ter, Peach \V:1tei',
wire of . W. E. BISSELL. 29, &c. For sale at BISSELLKS.
CA faiiiily Newspaper---rnoieb in £l1i3l.'fll1t1'~£, -®£tIi:1'i1l§lttlEll.i.g£tt[£, flolitirs, Qlgtiriiltiirc, ‘Arts min
NORWALK, CT. TUESDAY, Dnciiiisnii 1:1, 1350.
PR.ESlDENT’S MESSAGE.
Fellow-cz'1"z'zc72s of the Senate
and of tlie Hogisc of Representatives .-
Bcingsiidclciily c.1lled,intlie midst oftbe last
session of Congress, by :1 painful dispensation of
divine I’rovidence,‘_to thc_rc-sponsible station
wliiY:h I 11ow hold, I contented myself wit.I1 such
communications to the I.egisIati1i'e’ as the exi-
gcncy of the moment sci,-med to require. The
country was shrouded in mouri_1ing for the loss of
its venerated Chief Mzigistrate, and all hearts
were penetrated wiili grief". Ncitlici' the time
nor the occasion appeared to require or to justi-
l_v, on my part, any general expression of politi-
cal opinions, or any aniiounccineiitoftzlie priiici-
plcs which would govern Inc in the discharge of
the duties to thc pcrformmicc of wliic.h I had
bccii so unexpectedly called. I trust, therefore
that it will not be deemed inapprogiriute, il'I
avail ni_ysclt'oftl1is opportunity ofihe re-r.sscm-
bling of Coiigrcss, to in-.i‘i-ze known my senti-
mcnts,i1i :1 gcncrzil m:1n_iir~.r, in rcg:1i°d to the po-
licy which ought to be pursued by the Govern-
ment, both in its intcrcour.-‘e with foreign nzitions
:1nd in its inaiiagcmcnt and :1dministr:1tion of iii-
ternal afi':iii's. ,
Nations, like individuals in :1 state of nature,
are equal and independent’, possessing certain
riglits, and owing certain duties to each other,
:1i'isiii_r__-; from their lieCeSS€lI'y and un:1void:1blerc-
lations, whicli rights and duties there is no coii1-
mon hunian :iutl1oi-ity to protect :1i1d enforce.-
Slill, they are rights and du.tics. biiidiiig in mor-
als, in conscience and in honor, although there
is no t.ribun:1l to which an injured party c:11i ap-
pczi‘. but the (lisintci-cstcd jtiilgiiiciit of iiiaukind,
and ulliiiiatcly the arliitroinciit oft.l1e sword
Aiiioug the aclcnowlcdgcd rights of nations.
is that which cacti possesses of establisliiiig that
form of governmeiit which it niag. deem most
conducive to the liappincss and prosperity of its
own citizens; of ciianging that form, as circ1-im-
stances i1ia_vrcquirc; and of inziiiagiiig its iiitcr-
nal aflziirs according to its own will. '.l‘i1epeo-
ple oi the United States claim this right for
t.liemsclves, and they readily coiiccdc it to 0' li-
ers. Hence it became :1niinper:1tivc dutynot to
iriterfc-i'c iii the goi'c-rniiiciit or intcriial policy
ot other nations; :1nd, although we iii:1ysyiiip:1-
thize with the uiifortiiiiate and the oppressed,
every where, in their struggles for freedom, our
111‘liiCiplcS Iorbid us in taking any pai'tii1sucl1
forcigii contests. We iiiakc no wars to promote
or to prcveiit successions to thrones; to limiti-
laiu any ll1cor_\' of :1 balance of power; or to
suppress the actual govcriiniciit which any coun-
try chooses to establisli tor it:cll’. We instigate
no revolutions, nor sufli.-1' any hostile rnilit:1r_v
cxpcditions to be fitted out in the territory ofthe
Unitcd States to iriviidc ll1clcrritor_v or provin-
ccs of :1 friciidl_v nation. The great lav.’ of mo-
r:1lit_\' ought to liavc :1 iiiitioual. as well as :1 por-
soiizil and iiidividuiil applicatioii. We should
act towards other nations as We wish thc.-ni to
act towards us; and justice and coixsciciicc
should IL-rizi the rule of coi1du~.:t bctwccii go\'crii—
IllL'iIlS, iiistc-ad of more powcr, st-ll’-iiit1:i'cst, or
the do-sii-e of »:tgg'i'-.i1i<iiaccmciit. 'I‘oi'ii:iiiit:1iu:1
strict iiculriility in l'oi~1-igii wars, to cullivizic
friendly rcl-.1tioiis, to rcciprccatc cvci-_v iicblc and
gcncroii-: act, and to pcrl'<.rin ]:lIIt(.'lU'dll_V and
scrupulo1isl_'»-' evc-r_v lrcat._\= obl'ig;1tioi1-—tl1cse are
the duties wlii-.'h we owe to other States, and
by the pcrfoi-ni:1iicc of which we best entitle our-
selves to like trczztmcnt froiii them ; or if that,
in any case, be refused, we can enforce our own
rights with justice and :1. clear conscience.
In our domestic. policy, the Constitution will
be my guide; and in questions of doubt I shall
look for its intie.i'pi'elr1lioi1 tollicjudical decisions
of that tribunal which was (‘Sl'.ll)lISlIGd to ex-
pound it, and to the usage of the Govcriimciit,
saiictioncd by the acquiescence of the country.
I regard all its provisions as £qu:1ll_\‘ binding. In
all its parts it is the will ofthc people, express-
ed in the most solemn form, and the constituted
autliorilics are but agents to carry that will into
cficct. Every power which it has graiitcd is to
be exercised lor the public good; but no pre-
tence of utility, no honest conviction, even, of
what might be e-xpcdiciit, can jiisttfy the as-
sumption of:1n_v power not graiitcd. . The pow-
er.-: conferred upon the Govcriimciit, and their
distribution to the sc-vcr:1ldcpartiiicnts, are as
clc:ii'ly expressed in that sacred iiistrurncnt as
the impci-l'cctioii of liuinan laiigiiage will allow ;
and ldcem it in_v first duty, not to question its
wisdom, add to its provisions, ova-:le its require-
rneiits, or nullify its comm:-i.ds.
Upon you, fellow-citizens. as the i'cpresenl':1-
tires of these States and the pcoplc, is wisely
devolved the legislative powc.-1'. I shall comply
with my dut_\-', in laying before you, from time to
time, any iniormatioii calcul-.1ted to enable you
to discliarge your llI;.’.'lI and responsible trust, for
the benefit of our coiumon constituents
My opinions will be franl~:l_v expressed upon
t.l1c leading subjects of legislation ; and it", which
I do not :inticip:1tc, any act should pass the two
Houses of C(m_'_:rcss which Si1OUl( appear to me
unconstitutionzil, or an (:llCl‘O'i‘.(‘liI1’I(:lll. on tliejust
powers of of her ciepartnit-iits, or with provisions
liastily adopted, and likely to produce conse-
quences injurious and uutorsccn. lshould not
shrink from the duiv of returriing it to you, with
my reasons, for your furtlier consideration. _]3e-
_\-oml the due pel'l'(iI‘m:iIlCe of these co1istitution-
:.I obligations, both n1_YI‘(‘Sp('Ct l'ortlieIeg1slo.ture
and tiiy sense of propriety will restrain me. from
any attempt to control or influence your proceed-
Wiih you is the power, the honor, and
fthe legislation of the coui1-
iiigs.
the responsibility 0
try. ,
‘The Government of the United States IS :1
liinitc-cl Government. It is confined to the ex-
ercise of powers expressly grzintcil, and such
otliers as may be iicccssary for cai-i_-yiiig those
powers into clicct ; and it is :1l::i_Il times an cs-
pecial duty to guard against. any mfringmcnt on
tliejust rights of the States. OVc1'l_li9 0h_].0Cl8
and snbjcéts entrusted to Congress. I15 19131813“
live i1L1llI0l‘ll_V is supremo. But: here that au-
thority ccascs, and cvcry citizen who truly loves
the Coifslitutioii, and de..-iires the co_ntinu:1ncc ot'
its existence and its blessings, will resolutely
:1nd lIi'ITIl_V resist any Inl(£I‘llel‘(:l.'It‘.€.1n those do-
mcstic ‘.1lIl1l1‘S, which the Constitution has clc:ir-
ly :1nd uncquivoc:1Il_v left to the exclusive_:iu-
tliority of the States. Anfl f3"e}‘."°'“°l’ ““Z‘3“
‘ill also depreztate useless irritation among the
several members of the U’l1lOl’I,’i1lI(.l all rcpi'0:1_cl1
and criiniiiation tending to alienate one portion
of the country from :1notl1ci'._ The b€<"H_1i)’ 0i 9“?
system of govcrnnieiit consists, arid its safety
and durability must consist, 111 11"°‘€l‘“B' mullml
collisions, :1nd cncroziclimcnts and in the regu-
lar separate action of all, while each is revolv-
ing in its own distinct. orbit. _ h
The Constitution has made it the dut_v_of the
President to take care that the laws are faitliful-
Iv executed. In :1 Govcriiincnt like. ours, in
which all laws are passed by :1 majority of the
reprcscnt:itives of the people, and these repre-
senlalives are chosen for such short periods that
any injurious or obnoxious law epn very soon be
repealed, it would appezir unlikely that :1py
great numbers should be found ready to resist
llie execution ot the laws. But it must be borne
in mind that the country is extensive, lh:1tt_l1e1'e
may be local interests or prcjtrdices rer_idcriI1§£ '-1
law odious in one part, which IS.t‘I0t so in_ anoth-
er ; and that the thoughtless and inconsidcr-.'1le.
misled by their passions, or their imaginations.
may be induced madly to resist such laws as
they disapprove. Such persons should recol-
lect that, without law, there can_ be no real
practical liberty; that, when l:1w_ is trampled
s, wlietlicr it appears in
popular
under foot, t-vranny rule _
the form of :1 military despotism or of _
violence. The law is the only sure protection
of the weak, and the only ei'Iicient 1‘esIi'ai_lilt 111300
the strong.‘ When impartially and fait1if_uLl.V ad‘
ministered, none is beneath its protection. and
none above its control. You‘, gentlemen, and
the country may be assured, that to lhchutmqst of
my ability, and to the extent of the power vest-
ed in me, I shall at all times, and in all places,
take care that the laws be f:1itl1l'ull_v executed.
In the disclizirge oflliis duty, solemnly imposed
upon me by the Constitution, and by my oath of
o1Iice,Isl1:1l1slii-iiik from no responsibility, and
sl1_:1ll endeavor to meet events as they may arise
with firmness, as well as with prudence and dis-
crction.
'l'lio appointing power is one of the most del-
icate with which the Executive is invested. I
i-cg-Md it as :1 sacred trust, to be exercised with
the sole View of aclvariciiig the prosperity and
happiness of the people. It shall be my. effort
to elevate the stzindzird of oflicial elnployiiicnt,
by selecting for places of importance Ill(1lVl(llI-
:1ls fitted for the posts to which they are 11SSIf_','I1-
ed, by their known iiitegrily, talents, and vir-
tucs. I11 so extensive :1 coiintry, with so great
:1 population,:1i1d'wl1crc few persons appointed
to ofiice can be known to the appointing power
inistakcs will sonictimes unavoidulily happen,
and unlortuiiatc zzppoiiitmciilsbc inadc. notwith-
staiiiding the {greatest care. In such (.‘:‘.S(-S, the
‘power of removal may be properly ".‘XL’l'ClS£‘( :
and lICf.§l0CI‘(lf duty or m:1lfc:1s:iiicc in oiiitzu will
be no l'IIOt‘(3l.'Ol(‘.I'0.IE3tl in lII(ll\'I(lI]‘.IlS 'a[)])0lIIfCLl by
myself Ill?-.11 in those appointed by otliers.
I am happy in being able to say that no u1ifa-
vorable cliaiigc in our forcigii relations has ta-
ken placc since the message at the opciiiiig of
the last session of Congress. We are at peace
with all nations, and wecnjoyin :inc1ni:icntdc-
gree the blessings of that _1e11cc, in :1 prosper-
ous and ;:,i-owii1;.»* co1i1incrcc,_ and in all the l'orms
of aniicablc iiatioiial iiili-i'coiirse. The uncx-
amplcd growth of the couiiti'_v, the present
amount ol' its population, and its ample incaiis
of soil‘ protection, assure foi it the i'c.<pect ofall
iiatioiis. while it is trusted that its cl1:1r:1ctcr for
justice, and :1 regard for tic rights ol'otlicr States
will c:1usctl1'.1l.rcspcct to be readily and cheer-
fully paid.
A convention was negotiated between the Uni-
ted States and (Street I51-it:1in.iii April last, facil-
itating and protecting the construction of :1 ship
c:1n:1l between the Allaiitic and I’.ici1'ic Oceaiis,
and for other purposes. This iiistrnmcnt has
siiiccliceii rzitilicd by the contracting parties,
the excliaiige of raiificiitioiis has been eticctcd,
and pi-ocl:iin:~.lioii thereof has been duly made.
In addition to the stipulations coiitaincd in
this conrciition, two otl1ci'objc'.1ts remain to be
l..|(‘(‘0Ifl]‘1llSl'ICLl lictwecn the coiitr:1cting__t powers.
First, the ilcsigiiation and estal.1lisliii1ciit of :1
free port at each end of the ciinal.
Second, :11i:igi'ecii1ci'1l fixing; the distance f"om
the shore within \VI"IlL'lI ll-5-lll‘__1‘f:I"3Ilt Iuzir-.1li1nc
opci'atloiis shall not be C:‘.l‘:‘lC(l on. On these
points there is little doubt that the two govern-
nicnts will como to an iizidci-.-ztaiiiling.
~'l‘hc comp:1ii_v of citizcizs of the Unilcd States
who li:1‘.‘e:icq1iirc(l froui the States of I\'ic:1i:--
gun the privilc;j;c of coiisli'iictiiig' :1 ship canal
between the two oceaiis,thi'ci1--l1 the territory
of that Sizitc, liziro made pi'0}£l’ii£55 in their pre-
liiiiiimry Ul'l‘:1ll§;€IIIt!I’ll5. '_l‘l1c t:'c:1t_v between
the United ;‘~‘t:1tc-.4 Mid C-ircct: Ilritzzin, of the 19111
of ;\pi'ill:i..=t,:1l1oi~c I‘a."l{Il'I'(.'fl lo, bcing now in
opc-ration, it is to he hop-all that the 1.51111--.111ties
wliicii it ofl'crs will be 1-::1l‘:icic1;l to sir-cure lizc
coinplction of the work with all pi-ac‘. ::1l>lc ox-
pctlitioii. It is obvious that this 1»-;~:ult. would
be iiidcfiiiifcly postpoiit;-d, if any other tl1e.u
peaceful ineasures, for the piirposc of lI:‘iI‘l‘.ir)lI-
izing conflicting claims to ll‘l'I’ll0l‘_‘v' i:1‘1li:i'. quar-
ter, slrould be adopted. It will CHI‘):-iI.'(}U-i'Illl_‘-' be
my endeavor to cause :1ii_vfurthcriicuotiiiii-:.=:::;on
the part of this Govcrnznciil which“ ino_v be re-
quisite for this purpose, to he so coiiductcd as to
bring them to :1 speedy and succc-ss1‘ul close.
Seine urmvoidziblc delay has occurred, arising
from distance and the difficulty of intercourse
between this Governmciit and that of I\"ic:1ra-
gun, but as intelligence has just been received of
the appointiiieiit of an Envoy Extr:1ordiii:1ry :1nd
Minister Pleiiipoteiitiiii-_v of that Goveriimcnt to
reside in ‘iV:1s'nington, whose ari-ival may soon
be expected, it is hoped that no furtl1crimpodi-
ments will he experienced in the prompt lrans:1c-
tion of business between the two Goveriiiiicnts.
Citizens of the United States have uiidcrlziken
the connection of the two oceans by means of :1
r:1ilro:1d zicross tl1-- Isthmus 0f”ll(:llll'tII‘ll'(?i')eC. un-
dcrgr:1ntsol' the Mcxicaii Govcrnincnt io 11 citi-
zen of that Republic It is Ull(lC‘l'SIOO(l that :1
tliorougli s1irvc;.' of the course of the coiiii:1uni-
cation is in pi'cp:ii-aitioii, and there is evc-i'y1-ca-
soii to expect llizit it will be prosecuted with
cli:1r:1cteristic ei1ei‘§_r_‘,', especially when that Gov-
ernment shall liavc consented to such s.i=,1ul:1-
tions with tlic Govcrnii1ci1tol' the United States
as inrxy be i1cccssai'y to impart :1 fccling of secu-
rity to tliosc who may cinbark their property in
the enterprise Ncgotiaitions are pcndiiigz for
the :1ccon'ipll'sl1mci1t of that object, and :1 hope
is confidently cntert:1incd that, when the Gov-
crnmciit of Mexico shall become duly sensible
of the f‘1(l\":1IIlIi_J(".:‘ which that country cannot
fail to derive from the work, and learn that the
Govcrninent.ol' the United States desires that
the riglit of sovci'cij.:iil_\' of Mexico in the isth-
mus shall remain unimpaired, the stipulations
rct'ei'i'cd to will be agreed to with zilacrity.
By the last advices from Mexico it would ap-
pear, however, that (.‘ove.rnmeiit eiitcrlaiiis
strong objections to some of the stipulatioiis
wliicli the parties coiiccriicd in the project of
the railroizd dccin nccc.=.s:1ry for their protection
and security. Further consideration, it is to be
hoped, or some iiiodificrition of terms, may yet
reconcile the dill'crciiccs existing between the
two Governments in this respect.
Frcsli instructions liavc recently been given
to the minister of the United States in Mexico,
who is prosecuting the subject with proiuptilude
and ability. '
Although the negolialions with Portugal, for
the payment of claims of citizens oflhe United
Strtcs against that Govci'nrncnt,l1:1vcnot. yct rc-
sultcd in :1 formal lrealy. _\'cl‘. :1 proposition made
by the Gove.rni1icnt of'l’oi-tiigal for the final ad-
justment zindpiiyiiient of those claims, l1:1s_re-
cently been accepted on the part of the United
States. It gives me pleasure to say tlizit. Mr.
Cl-ay, to whom the h(’._£EOil:1lIOI1 on the p:1rt oflhe
United States had been entrusted, (ll$()i‘IaI‘_f.§Cd
the duties of his appointment with ability and
discretion, acting aIwa_vs within the instructions
of his Government, _
It is expected that a regular convention will
be immediately negotiated for cat rying the agree-
ment hciwecn the two Govcriimcnls into ellcct.
The commissioner appointed under the act of
Congress for carrying into effect the Convention
with Brazil, of the 2711101‘ Jaiiuai-_v. 1849, has
entered upon the pcrformaiicc of the duties im-
posed upon him by that act. It IS hoped that
those duties may be completed within the time
which it prescribes. The docunients, however,
which the Imperial Government, by the llii1‘(l
article ofthe convention, stipulates to furnisli to
the Govcrnuicnt. of the United States, have not
yet been received.
As it is presumed that those documents will
‘be essential for the correct disposition of tho
cl:1i1i1s, it ni:iy become necessiii'y l'0l"C0llgl'€-8S
to extend the period liiiifted for the duration of
the commission. The sum stipulated by the
4th article of the coiiveiitioii to be paid to this
Goveriiiiient. has been received."
The collection in the ports of the United
States of discriminating duties upon the vessels
of Chiii and their cargoes had been suspeiided,
pursu:int to the provisions of the act of Con-
gress of the 24th of May, 1828. It is to be
hoped that this me,:isiiri-1 will impart a fresh
impulse to the commerce between the two
countries. which, of late, and especially since
our acquisition of Czilifornia, has, to the mutual
advzintages of the parties. been inucl1 aug-
merited.
Peruvizin guano has heroine so desirable an
article to the ag1'icu|tural ll)lel'cSt0fll1€*UDIl:6d
‘AT Two DOLLARS FDR AUNNIUM,
1 VOLUME
Slates, t.l1at it is the duty of the Goverumeiit to
employ all the meaiis properly in its power for
the purpose of caiising that article to be im-
ported into the country at :1 i'e:isonable price.
Nothing will be omitted on my part towards
accoiiiplisliing this desirable end. I am per-
suaded that in removing any restraints on this
traffic. the Peruvian governinent will pi‘0m_ote~
its own best interests, while it will afford :1 proof
of :1 fi'iendly disposition towards this country,
which will be duly appreciated.
The treaty between the U_uited States and
El is l\’Injeé:-t._\' the lting oi the fliiwaiiiin Islands.
which has recently been iii:ide public. will,it is
believed. have :1 beneficial etfcct upon the rela-
tions betweeii tlieflwo eouiitries.
The relations lietweeii those parts of the Is-
lflml Of 311- Domingo. which were fornierly col-
onies of Spain and Fi':iii(-.e, i'espectivelv, are
Still in nu unsettled ('.0lItllllOll. The ])l'Ul(Ilhll‘_y'
_0fl'lItlT island to the United ‘States. and the del-
icate questions involved in the existiiig contro-
‘v'0|'S_Y tl1cre,i'c_iidei' it. desirable that it should be
|)6l'm:ii1e,.i1tly and speedily adjusted. The in-
terests of huuianity and of 'gener:il Cfi'i1li‘11(‘i'C:_9
also demand this; and, as iiitimatioiis of the
same seiitiiiieiit. have boeii received from other
Govci'iii'iieiit:s, it is hoped that some plan iiiav
soon be devised to effect the object. in :1 lII:llilI<':l‘
likely to give geiieral SflTl‘lil(:i.l0Il. The (.~lov-
erniiient of the United States will not fail, by
the exéwcise of all proper fl‘l(‘ll(ll_Y offices, to do
all in its power to put an end to the tlostr1_=c,:im
war wliicli lists rage.(l betweoii the (l‘:fi'oi‘oiit,
parl's of the island, and to secure to them both
the b nefits of peace and coiiiiiierce
I refer you to the report of the Secretary of
the Treasui'y for :1 detailed jstateiiient of the
fiiiances.
'l.'lio total receipts into the Treasury, for the
year ending 30th olfiluiie last.we.i'e forty-scvoii
million four liuudrcd and :111d twenty one llI()tI-
siuid seven hundred and forty-eight dollars and
ninety cents, (Szl7,4'2I.748 00.)
The total expenditures during the some pe-
riod were forty-tliree million two tliousaiid one
liundred and sixty-ciglit dollars and ninety
Celils‘. ($43,002,168 90.)
The public debt. has been reduced, since. the
last annual rc.port from the Treasury Depart.-
iiiciit, four hundred and iiiiiety-tire thousand
two liuiidred and seventy-six doliars :1nd scr-
ciity-nine cents, (495.f.’76 '79.)
By the 19th section ofthe act. of28th Janu-
ary, 1847, toe pi'o(:ceiIs of the sales of the pub-
lic lands were plcclgtjd for the interest :uid prin-
cipal gf the public debt. The great. 11 niount of
those lands sub.-eqi1ei1tly <:ranted by C()lI,l;l'€‘:‘,'S
for inilitary boiiiities. will, it is liclieved, very
nearly supply the public deiiiand for scverzil
yo-.ii's to come. and but little rcliaiice cii1'i.l:liL-i'e-
lore, be placed on that ll!ll1eI‘lO fi-Liiiful source
of roveiiiio.
Aside. from the periiiaiient, aiiiiniil expendi-
ture-s, wliicli have iieccs.'s:irily largelyii1crc:i~<-tl,
:1 portion of the public dc~bt,:1inountiiig to eight
million seventy-live tliousaiid nine liunilred and
eighty-six dollars and lifiy-nine cents (8,075,-
985) 59) must be provided for within the next
two fiscal year:-. It: is lil().\f.(l'3Sll'Eil,)le that lllc-so
accruing demaiids should be moi. without re-
sorting to new loans.
All e.\'pci-ience has deuionstraticd the wisdom
and policy of r:1i.-siiig :1 large portion ol'i'eveuiio,
for the support of Goveruiiicnt, liom dutic-.s on
goods imporicd. The power to lay tliese du-
ties is unquestionable, and its chief object’, of
course, is to i'epleii':sli the treasury. But, if, in
doing this, an incideiital adviiiitage niziy be
gained by encouraging the industry ofour (;\'.'ll
citizens, it is our duty to avail ourselves oftliai
adva in a go.
A duty liiid upcii :in article which cannot be
produced in this counlry——such as ten or coiloo
—-adds to the cost. of the article, aml is chiefly
or wiiolly paid by the coiisuiner. But. a duty
laid upon an article which may be produced
here, stiinulates the skill and industry of our
own country to produce the sanio article,
which is brought into the in-zrket in competi-
tion with the foreign article. and the importer
is thus compelled to reduce his price to that. at
which the domestic ai't1ii-.le can be sold,tl1(.-icliy
tlirov.'iug :1 p:iit. of the duty upon the producer
of the forcigii article. The cont.inuance cftliis
process creates the skill, and invites the capital,
which finally ciinbles us to produce the article
much clieapcr than it could have been procured
from abroad, tlie.-i'cby benelittiiig both the pro-
duct-.r and the consumer :it home. The conse-
quence of this is, that the ailisau, and the agri-
culturist, are brought togetlicr——ea‘cli alliirds ii
ready iniirkct for the pi oduce of the other; the
wliole country becouics prosperous; 11 iid the
ability to produce every i1cces.<:1ry of life ren-
ders us indepeiidcnt in war as well as in peace.
A high tariff can never be pcriii:inent.. It will
cause disszitisfactioii and will be cliangcd. It
:_-xclrixles competition and tliereby iiivitzcs the
iiivestiiieut. of C"s[Jll.tll in i1::1iiuf1icti1i'cs to such
oxmass, that. when cliaiiigcd it brings distress,
baiikruptcy :ind ruin, upon all who have been
niislcd by its iiiitliless l)l'0l(-'(.'ll0lI. \\-'hat the
ii1anul'act.ui'or wants. is i.init'ormity and perina-
iiency, that he mag. feel a confidence that he is
not to be ruined by sudden changes. Brat to
make :1 t:ii'iff uniforiii and pei'in1ineiit', it is not
only iicccss:1i'y that the l:1w should not be alter-
ed,.bi1t that the duty should not. fluctuate. To
eficct this, all duties should be specific, wlier-
ever the nature of the article is such as to
admit of ii. Ad valorem duties fluctuate with
the price, and oll‘ei' strong teiiiptatious to fraud
and perjury. Specific duties, on the contrary.
are equal :iiid i.'niforiii in all ports, and :it_:1ll
tiiiie.-1, and offer :1 strong inilucement to the im-
porter to bring the best article, as he pays no
more duty upon that, than upon one of inferior
quality. I tliciefore strongly rccoiiiaieiid :1
modification of the present tariff, which has
prostriited some of our most. iniportant :iiid no-
cessarv iiiaiiufiictures, :iiid that: specific duties
be imposed sufficient. to raise the requisite rev-
enue. making sucli discriinimition in favor of
the industrial pursuits ofoiir own country as to
encourage home production without. excluding
foreign competition. It is also imporiiint that.
an unfortiinate provision in the present‘. t:1rilI'.
which imposes :1 much higher duty upon the
r:iw inaterial that. enters into our inanul':ictures
than upon the nianuf:i.ctured article, should be
remedied.
The papers accompiinying the report of the.
Secretary of the Treasury will disclose l'l'li'.1flS
atteiiiptccl 011 the Revenue, in variety and
amount so great as to justify the conclusion that
it. is impossible. Ul'I(_i':‘.l' any system ofad \'f‘.lGl'em'
duties levied upon the foreign cost or value_ of
the article, to secure an -honest cbsei-v:1lion
and an effectual aidniinistration of the I:1vrs,——
The fraudulent devices to evade the law, which
l1:1ve been detected by the vigilance of the _:ip-
piaisers, leave no room to doubt that siztziliir
iinpositions not di.~;covercd, to :1 large nniouiit,
have been successfiilly practised since the enac-
inent: ofihe law now in force. This state of
things has already had :1 prejudicial influence
upon those engaged in foreign coininerce. It
filaitufartitrss.
Xxxiii.--NUMBER 511.
has 11 tendency todrive the honest trader from
the business of importing, and to throw that im.
portant brnncli ofbusineasinto the hands of un-
scrupulous and dishonest men.who are unlike re.
gardles of law and the obligations ofan oath. By
these means, the plain intentions of Congress-as
expressed in thelaw, are dailydeleated. Every
motive of policy and duty, therefore, impel me
to ask the earnest. attention of Congress to this
subject. If Congress should ‘deem it unwise
to attempt any iniportant changes in the sys-
tem of levying duties at thissession, it will be-
come indispenszible to the protection of the rev-‘
enue that such 1- medics. as in the judgment of
COI)gI'es5 may iiiitigate the evils coniplziined of,
should be at once applied.
As before stated. specific duties would in my"
opinion, afllird the most pei'fccti'eii1edy for this
evil ; but if you should not concur in this view-.
then, as a partial remedy, I beg leave rcspec:;.
fully to recoineiid that, instead of taking the in-
voice oftlio :irt.'1cle abroad as 11 means of deter-
iiiinivg its value here, the corroctiiess ofwliicli
invoice it is in iniiiiy cases impossible to verify,
the law be so cliangcd as to require 11 home
valuation or appaaiszil. to be regulated in such
ii1anr.:.-.r:1sio give, as far as p'ra'ctic:1ble, uni-'
formity in the so-.'cral ports.
'l‘l1ci-e boiiig no niintiii Calii"ornia.I am in‘.
forineil that. the laborers in the mines are com-'
pclled to dispose oI'tl1eirgold dust at :1 large‘
dist-.ount. This appears to me :1 very lieavy
and unjust tax upon the labor of those employ-‘
ed in extrac‘-.':ng this precious metal; and I
doubt not thntyou willbo disposed, ::ti.I1e ‘ear-
lu-.-.st poriotl possilile, to relieve them from it by
the 0.>‘itXl)II.~5lItl)€l1i. of :1 mint. In the mean time "
as an :1.-zsayoi-s office is ostablislied there, I
woiild irspocifiilly .~:ubn1itfor your coiiside1'a-
lion the propi'ioiy of aiutliorisiug gold bullion,
which has been assiiyecl and staiiiped, to be 1-3.:
ccivcd in piiyuienl of Governnient (Ines.
I cuiiiictz conceive that the treasury would
suffer‘ any loss by sucli a provision, which will
:it once raise bullion to its par vul-.ie,:ind there-
by save (if 1 an: rightly ii1forined,) many mi]-
lions of-.l11ll;ii's to the laborers which are now
paid in l1rokoi'nge to convert. the precious imam!
into :1-.'aila'olc fuiicls. This discount uponltlieir
liard e1si‘iiing.~1 is ii very liezivy tax. andevery ef-
forts should be made bytho Government to re-
lievc them froni 11 great l)lJl‘(l:1u,
liloro tliantliroe-loni'tlis ofour population am
eiigiigoil in the culiivatioii of the soil. The
coiuiiieciiil, iiiiiiiufiictiiriiig, and iiiivigntiiig iii-
tcre.~:t are :ill, to 11 great extent, dependent on
the :ig'i'ic11i:u.“:1l. It is, tliercfore, the most:
iiiiportznit iiitemstoftiie nation, and has :1 just
(:;:2Iil'I to the fosteriiig care and protection of the
(xovornniont, so far as they can be extended
coiisisioiiiéy ‘with the provisions of the constitu-
IIu'«I- As tlii.--1 cannot be done by the ordinary
lIi(’iiil.‘$ ot legislzition, I respectfully recoin‘mend
the :=.s.t:1l;li.~.l1i1ie.i1t of an Agricultural Bureau,
to lii_-1-.'111:1'g¢-cl with the duty of giving to this
le:-:<lii1g l.»r::iich or .~\i1ioriciiii iiiiliistiytlie en-
f'l)ll|'t._1_‘i,‘Il1f*itl wiiit-I-iii. so well deserves. In
vio~.~.' ol'tli:1ii1iiiii-.i.:<:~. niiiieral resources of our
cnuiit-y._ pro'Ji.-.:io1i should also be made for the
cniployiiiciit.of:1 i:oi11p:1lc::t rninerulogist and
t_'lIf‘li‘1Z:‘i, who s':iould be i'cqI_1ired, under the
head 1:, tlicvliiimiiii. tocolli-ctsp‘eciin‘aiis ofilio
various iiiiiierals of our count:-_v, and to ascer-
UUH1 by czircful :1i1iily.~eis their re:<pec‘1'ive ele-
Jiients and propci'ii:~s, and their adaption to
li.":i‘.I!ll pii:'v>(ise:;. Ila should also he required
tofli-.\;t1::i11ie_. and report upon the qualities of
d1it_:-rout soil:-' 11nd tho iii::ii'.1re:.~ l)(‘st, calculated
to iiiiprove their pi'ooIuctii'ei1oss.
B)‘ tail-lialiiiig the resiilis of siicli experiments.
with .~ai1i!:il.3e 1-.aplaii:1t.ions. :ind by the collec.
tion and (ll:¢Tl'll)lill(JlI ofriire seeds and plants,
wi!h iii.-;11'iic-iioiis as to the best a)’5l:»m ofcu]-.
titration, iniicli may be done to promote the
great naiioiiiil interest. A
lIl'f‘.U.'iI}‘>llttlI(:.‘) with the act of Congress,
passed on the 23d of May, 18.90, providing-,
amoizg other t':iing__-s. flit‘ taking the seventh cen-
sus, :1 >;iipei'iiitcnClont. was appointed :iiid all
other Ii')(‘tlSUl'{‘S adopted which were deemed
ll8CF’."~.‘S!lI'_'y' to ensure the prompt and faithful
pei'foi'i1i:iii(:es of tinitldiily. Tliei1ppropri11iioi1
:1li'-:31i<ly niade will, it. is believed, be s11ficientto'
defray the whole 0)l})(‘llSe of the work; but;
furtlier Iegislaiiioii iiiay be i1ccess:ii'y in regard
to the coiiipeiisiitiori of some of the iiiuisliails
oftho Territories. It will also be proper to
iniike provision by law, iitiin curly day,l'or the
publicatioii ofsnch abstracts of the returns as
t-l‘-=’3‘pul1lic interest may i'eqi1ire.
. 1he“'ll‘|ff'c:’-doiitesl growth of our Territo-
rics on the Pacific and popiiliition, antfilie con-
Smllleltl llicroziso oftlieirsocial and (f0mn]Gl'.'.‘Ifll
relations with the A'.lantic States, seem to ren-
der it the duty ofthe G(1\‘Pl'linI(>.‘.lllI to use all its.’
ccinsiiiiititzniil power to iniprove the means of
llll('.I'('.Ulii'St3 with them. Tlie iinportiiuce of
Opfllllllg “ :1 line of coniiiiunicalion, the best
and most expeditious of which the nati,ii'a of
the country will admit.” between the valley of
the Blississipisi and the P::cific. was brought to
your-_iio.'ice l1jy'iiiy predecessor-,'ii1 his annual
iiiessiige; and as the l'8t|S0:}S which he pre-
seated in favor ofihe iiieasnre still exist in full
force, I beg leave to call yourattentioii to them,
and to repeat the rocomniend:itioi1s then made
by him.
The uncertaiiity which exists in regard to
the validity of land titles in C-.1liforiii:1, is 11 sub-
ject which dciiiands your early coiisidei'atioi1.—-
Large bodies of bind in that State are claimed
undor grants said to have been made by ammo,--
ity ofilie .‘.~'panisli and lirlexican Governiiients.
Many of these have not been perfected, others
have been revoked, and some are believed to
be fraudulent. But until they shall have been
judicially investigated, tlmy will contiiiue tore-
tard the settle-,ment: :ind improvement of the
country. I tlici'cfo:'e mspeclfiilly recommend
that provision be‘ made by law, for the ap-
pointinei t of coiiiiiiissioners to examine all such
claims with it view to their final iidjustrnent.
I also licg leave to call your mtmition to the‘
propriet-y of extending, at an early day, our
systein ofland laws. with such niodificatioiis as
iiiay be necessary overthe State of California
and the tcrritorioas of Uialiancl New Mexico;
The mineral liiiids of Cnliforiiin will. of course,
form an exception to any geiieinlsystrm which
may be adopt cd. Various methods of- dispos-
ing ofthem has been suggested. 1 was at first:
inciiiied to favor the systeiii of leasing, as it
seems to promise the largest revenue" to the
Government: and to aflbrd the best security
agziinst monopolies; but further reflection, and
our experience in leasing; the lead mines and
selling lands upon credit, have brought my
mind to the conclusion that there would be
great difficulty in collecting the rents, and that:
the I'6l2liI(;ll of debtor and creditor, between
citizeii and goveinnient; would be attended with
many z11is::hiovo'.:s conseqiiences. I therefore’
recoinmeiid ihiit instead oI'i'et:1ii:ing the mine-
rallands under the perinzinciit cozitrol’ oftlm‘
Goveriiineiit. they be divided into small parcels. ’
and sold, under such restrictions, as to quantity
:1 nd tii1ic.as will insure the best price.:1nd guard
most eti'ectu:1l!y against combinations of capital-‘
. :3:
Norwalk Chronicler