II”
with l_3ai'row to use him up with his theoreti-
cal science, and a close Admiralty clique to
keep ltiin in shadow. Bearing with him his
Scars of wounds and ivcatlier, at the age
when men seek tli_e quiettide that reconciles
to decay, he comes out on a private expedi-
tiotrto meet a ju.~iio_r, Captain.Austin, in
command of a beant-ifully appointed squad-
3'.<_)t).. ' LI tl1lt".l{ I see him over fl£I:1l[]——tl1(‘. old
furrowed sailor, the very double of Buena
Vista Gr>iict':tl Tort'ejon standing by the til-
ler of his rniserable little sclioeiiot‘, as she
izolled 31.31-_Q‘gEt‘llI,g al.on3_r tintli-.r a heavy sea.
We encouiitore..l him East of Adniiralty In-
let, by a queer coincidence just opposite the
p01til;.0_f his escape from an almost hopeless
iiriprisoninent in the polar wilderness. VVhat
tihoughts iriust. have crowded upon the old
sea dog l" Felix Booth, /iis Griniiell, is dead.
Give kind words for me to ours.
Good by, once more, 13- K, K,
fig;-The great palace of glass for the
'World’s Industrial Exhibitions in 1851, is
now under process of construction. The
following summary of its disriiensions will be
perused with interest :
The building is clesigiied by Mr. Paxon.
Its length is 1848 feet, width 408 feet, heis_rbt
66 feet. The transcpt is 108 feet high ; ex-
cept the timbers for floors and joists, it cori-
sists entirely of glass and iron. There will
be 3230 iron coltiinns, 522/14 iron girders,
H28 iron bearers, and 3:38 iron roof stippor-
ters; 34 miles ofgutters, 202 miles of sash
bars, and 900,000 feet of glass. The gallery
will be ‘.24 feet wide. The site covers 18
acres. The exhibition space is about 21
acres, whicli can be greatly increasetl by ail-
ditional galleris. The coiitract with Mt-ssrs.
Fox and I-lenderson is for £70,800, or $150,-
000 if the building is pCl'llItll']t3l]lly retained.
_/1 IIa.rtl Ca.se.——Mr. Henry F. Banks, a
respectable resident of Newark, N. .I., during
.a visit to New York on Saturday, otfereil a
‘$10 note of the State I3-ank, Newark, in pay-
ment for some oysters at the saloon of Mt‘.
Seliaffer, No. 110 Chatliam st. It was pro-
nounced to be spurious, and two or three
police otlicers were called and he was taken
to the tombs where he i‘einaiiied until Sun-
.day, when he was confronted before Justice
-Osborn, who with his officers, persisted in
calling the bill bad, but there being no proof
ofhis ’l7Ll€7Ll'i07t(.(/f_'I/ passiiig it, he was dis-
charged with zt repriinand not to be again
found with counterfiet money 0:1 his re-
turn home, he presented the hill to the Bank
and received gold for it. Is there no rciiie-
dy for such an outrage.
.L072.(l972. I7irli1.slrialErclii/)ilian..——'I‘lie Na-
tional lntt:lligi:ncei' States that the (.{ovci'iiors
of_fl_ft'crn States of the Union have selected
committees of citizens on the liidustrial Ex-
hibition, to corrc.spoi'id wiili the central com-
mittee at Washington, and to select for ex-
hibition sueh articles as may be submitted
by the people ofthcir respective States.
T/be Plt.'lo.~‘o72/t_7/ ofArli'crlisi2zg.—I3iisiness
men are only beginning to appi-o.:i:.ite the ad-
vantages of ad vcrtisiiig. The press is so iiiii-
versally read in this country, that it afI7irds
facilities for trade, couiinerce, and every day
transactions of the most important character.
In Philadelpliia it would be ditiicult to dis-
cover an iridiviilttal who does not regularly
read a daily newspaper. The mi-i'chaiit in his
counting room, the clergytnaii in his Study.
the store keeper, the tIltlllllf:tCl.l1l‘Cl‘, the day
laborer, the matron, the inziitl, all peruse one
or more pitblic journals, and thus inform
tthcmselves Ofll‘.-3pt‘O_1_1‘t‘0SS of the age and
and of the events of the day. l3t,lSll‘.('SS men
we repeat, having (llSCO\'(‘l‘l‘tl this finding
the press so widely (llSSUllllt‘i:1lt‘tl, and so uni-
'.versally sought after, now resort. to it much
-moi'e than formerly as it ine:.iiis of coiiitnu~
nicating with the multitiide, and aunouiicing
the various kinds of tiicrcliandizc they have
for sale.
It is impossible for an oil established
house to get along for t1 few years quietly and
comfortably, without cveri a sign, a card or
an advertisement. TlI€,Cl1Sl.Ot1'tt'?t'S of many
years will find their way to the COl1l’1ll11_l_{'
room anl make their purchases. Giatltiiilly
however, even these will drop offonc by one
tempted by the €‘t1tt,'l‘pl‘ise of some more ac-
tive house, 01' surprised into a purcliaso else-
where by a 1'1(.‘-WSpi1’)C‘l‘ card or advertise-
ment. And thus as the old generations pass-
es away, the house, liowcvct‘ wvll established
will find itselfsiiiking gradually into dc-coy
its old patrons disappearing from various
causes, and no new ones attracted to its doors
But, to those who desire to ma/.'c or incrr.-n..sc
business, the silent, sleepy and still policy
will not answer. It is not “ tip to the titties”
nor in conformity with the spirit of the zigi-.-.
Our attention has been called to this subject
just now by the perusal ofa capital r.-s:~ay on
advertising, from the pen ofaii able‘ coiein-
porary Horace Greely.-—I’/til. Itir.
T /ic Drini.-i:r.s _l3cm/.' Rm’;/;cr_7/.—It‘roiii f ur-
ther developments, there is not the slgiglitvst
ground to believe that young Pagi-., who
was shot at Daiivors, =.Vlass., last work, by
the waiclirnan, tinder the supposition that ho
intended to rob the batik, had any such ob-
ject in view. A countryiiian, who was ly-
ing in his wagon near the batik, ivitncsseil
the whole scene, and deities that there was
any one irrcompany with Page, or that any
parties left in a carriage after the shot was
fired. He says he drove his wagon ofI'sliort.ly
after, which the w:itcl'inian doubtless took
for a carriage. iB2tl(.'.lI'l'dl‘l, the watchman,
acknowledges that when he first saw I’:ig-ii
stop in front ofthe bank he started to get his
gun, and made a noise by striking his foot
against 3 coal ho:l. The eottiitryuian testifies
that Page suddenly ran up to the door, enquir-
ing who was tllt?I‘G, shortly after which the
gun was fired. The probability, thcrr-fore, is
that hearing sortie one in the batik at that tin-
usual hour, he tliouglit that thurt: were rob-
bers within, and approaclioi_l the door to ascer-
tainthe fact. The watchinaii evidently was
Very hasty infiring.
K?’ There are at present three lines of
Subaqueotts Ti.-lt-gt'tipli wire. in \\'Ol'l{lll;_[ or-
der nritler the lludsoii I’tivcr, four UllLlt‘.l‘ the
Connecticut,two under the ["ldl‘i'.’lll rivers,
all coated with gutta pcrcna. Experience
andineecssity will, we ivc-.ritui'e to predict,
the-insitlation and placing of all lines of Tel-
egraph under ground, in a very fcw yi.-ars.
if? Poivoi‘s’.statiio of Calhoun was foitnd
to be mttrh more itijztrt-il than what was at
first supposed.-——.‘:3oiiie fragments could not
, be recovered. ,
LATER FROM CALIFORI‘lIA.
Arrival of the -Empire City.
~‘,t$1,00.(),000 in Gold! "
The steamsliip Empire City, Capt. Wil-
son, from Clnigres, arrived at New York,
on the 6th inst. bringing dates to -_the 5th
tilt. She also brouglit about $1,000,000
woi"th of gold dust. The New Orleans
was to leave for Panama, Oct. 12th. It
was tliouglit by some she will be but very
little beliitid the California downyto Pana-
ma. The ntiinber of liuildings destroyed
by the late fire in San Fl‘£1l1CliSCO is about
ono hundred and twenty-five. VVith the
exception of the “ Verandah,” corner of
\'VtlSl1ll1git)1I,8tItl Kearney, and an Ul1li1'1lSl]-
ed building corner of Kearney and Pacific,
the whole row on the east side of Kearney
between Wasliiiigton and Pacific streets,
was destroyed. On IVasliington street, be-
low the Verandah, four rriore l)llll(lln£ZS
were burned, when the. fire was stayed by
pulling dowti a wooden house. The loss
has been variously estimated, but is sup-
posed to have been about half a million of
dollars. The fire is said to have origina-
ted iii the bar room of the Philadelphia
House.
The Pacific News establishment was en-
tirely destroyed. It was owned by nine
proprietors, and was valued at $40,000.
The election, which was to take place
on the 27th of October, was the all-ab-
sorbing topic of the day.
The accounts from the mines, as re;,rai'(ls
the success of mining operations, have
been very conflicting.
A party of seven men lately took from
Sicai'd’s bar, oti the Yuba river, in twenty
three days, after liaving spent considerable
time in turning the streain,one litindred and
sixty-eiglit tho usand dollars, and then sold
their claim for $11-3.000.
The accounts from Mariposa are of a
most glowing description. These mines
so long said to be exhausted, are yielding
at the present time as much as they ever
did in their most palmy days.
Since the late fall of rain, the waters of
all the rivers emptying into the Aiiierican
river have risen considerably-—sweeping
away a number of the (lotus, and injuring
all of them more or less ; thus destroying
every prospect and liltlsllllg every hope,so
far as rivet‘ bed diggings are ('.oncerned.
New diggings have been discovered in
the vicinity of Placerville, which is said to
be very productive. They are located near
the top of one of the highest hills about
the place.
The accounts frotn the ovei‘la.r.d emi-
grants are of the most painful description
Capt. \Valdo, writing from Great Mead-
ow, lluiiiboldt River, states that the Relief
'C.imii'iittee have not a single pound offlotir
east of the mountains; that he entered the
Desert on the 7th of September, met two
men who had given tip to die from starva-
tion; same day two men died from starva-
tion in Carson Desert ; that those with
wagons have no food but their poor exhaust-
ed aninials; the footirien subsist on the pit-
trlfied flesh of the dead animals on the
road, and disease and death are constantly
sweeping them down. Front the Truckee.
to the head of the Hiiiiilioltlt, the cholera
is killing them off. The Indians take eve-
ryadvaiitage to steal their aiiiiiials, atid
thus many are left more than six liumlretl
miles beyond the settlements. Figlititig be-
tween them and the itiiiiiigi'ants occurs al-
most daily. Twenty thousand persons are
yet beyond the Desert, of wliicli nuinbet‘
fifteen tliotisatitl are how destitute of all
kinds of provisions. It will be impossible
for ten thousand of this number to reach
the mountains before the‘ cotnmencetneiit
of winter.
Capt. IV. was about starting to try to
persuade such as are from four to six hun-
dred iiiiles back to return to Salt Lake. Isle
calls for 10,000 pounds of flour fortlie sla-
tion at 'l‘ruckee. and the same amount for
the Summit. He offers the city council
his claim to ten thousand dollars worth of
property if they will forward that amount
in flour and articles for the sick to that
place. Ills report is feai'fi.il.
Arri '11} of ts‘r'.c:ttii1e1' (;E«eorgia.
~‘,i*5(i93,0C0 in Gold!
Steamer Georgia, Lieut. Potter, coni-
inanding, from Ctiagres and Havana, arriv-
ed at about 2 o’clock Tltui'silay.
The Georgia left C'l1tt_:jl‘CS on the eveninrz
of the 26th ult. and l.l21\'2lnt1()l) the 2-1 inst.
She experieiicetl gales of wind from N. E.
during the whole piissiige. '
She had on boaI‘d about two hundred and
fifty passeiigers from the gold regions, and
sent by the steamer Ohio from Ilavana for
New Orleans about three liuiidred and
twenty five inot'e.
It is estimated that tliepassert_<_zers by the.
Geoi-<_ria bring «‘,i"£<lE‘;0.,0()(), in addition totlie
Si;2b'3,()00 on the freiglit list, iriaking a to-
tal ol'$6SJf$,000.
The ollicors of the Georgia report that
the passengers generally are satisfied with
their earnings, and the result of their labor
in California, and many of them intend to
return in a few ‘weeks, to add more LO that
wliich they have already accuniulatetl.
They say that. they are perfectly satisfied
with the country, and that they intend to
return and resume their btisiness.
l'lt1Vd11tl. is perfectly quiet and the newly
appointed Captain General was hourly ex-
pected. It is a subject of tiiiich conversa-
tion What his maniier of proceeding will be
in re,i_i;:ii'tl to the Ishiiid.
There are inany reports in circulation in
i‘eg;ii'd to expeditions, 8Lc., fitting out in
the Utiited States to take the Island.
Ten thousand troops are on their way to
Irlavana from Spain, and some of the nuin-
bet‘ had arrived the day previous to the de-
parture of the Georgia.
The night previous there were two’ vessels
of war towed to sea. Their destination was
kept in secret from the inhabitants.
The Georgia left at llavana the steamer
‘Ohio, for l\'ew Orleans, and the steamer
Pacific, for Cliasgres, both to leave on the
morning of the 3d; all well.
ARRIVAL OF THE CHEROKEE.
The Cherokee also arrived from Chagres
_veslei'day, (lt‘t'iday,) bringing a large num-
ber of passengers and over {$1,300,000 in
gold. The gold begins to come thicker and
faster. Over $3,000,000 have arrived dur-
ing the past week. l'llll'l'ttl1 for Califoi‘nia !
The Southern Rights meeting at Vlfil
mington,N. C., on VVednesdi.y,declared
in favor of cstablisliitig a Soutliern Coin-
tiiercial l\-larine, in order to render them
independent of Nor'.liei'ti ti'iaiiiifaetui'et's
al't(l£~ltlp owners
NORWALK 2 GAZETTE.
TUESDAY, Nov. 12, I850.
‘Viki; State Conventions.
The \Vlii.gs of Coriiiecticiit are liereby notified
lliat a State Coiivention will be held in the city of
Hzirtfoi-d on \‘V|-1l.l.\lESl).\Y, 'l'H|-‘. 13in on or No-
vr-:.\ii;i-ztt NEXT, at 10 o’clock in the foreuoon for the
piirpose of llt)n)ll)2lill!_L ii ticket for State Ollicers.
'l‘lii-. \-Vliijg To v ii Qoiiiiiiittecs are reqticsti-.d to
call iiiecliiigs iiriineilizitely fortlie .:ippoitit.nicIit of
l)elcgatesto said Convention. equal to double the
number of llepreseiiuitives to which the several
towns are entitled in the Gciier-til Asseiiibly.
The Coininittee appeal with corilidi.-iicc to the
\Vliigs tltroiigliout the State. to see that their respec-
tive towns are fiill_v rcprcst-tiled‘ ‘
A. G. IIAZAIH).
JOHN C I-|t)l.[.lS'l‘l7.R,
AMOS VV. PRISNTICE, l
CllARl.l".S ISAACS.
DAi\ii-*oii'rii oitti.os, f
o. 1-1. I-1()LI.1STl2R, I
I-.lORAtfE CLARK, J
0.
Vllliig
State Coiiiiiiittee
GF.Ol{Gl-I M. IVES.
Hartford, September 14,1155
The Nicaragua Question. .
I \Ve proinised, it week or two since, to take
up at the earliest opportunity the subject of the
now pending negociiitions between the govern-
ments of the United States and Great Britain,
relative to a portion ofthe tei'ritoi'y of Central
Americti. \Ve propose to fulfil our promise
in the present, and one or two subsequent. num-
bers of the Gazelle. \Ve think we shall be
able to show, not only that the action of the
\Vliig Adniinist.i'ations of Pi'esii.lent.s Taylor
and Fillmore has in ‘the liigliest. degree con-
tributed to the honor and true iiiterest. of this
coniitry, but that, on the other hand, the course
piirsuerl by the l’olk adiiiiiiistratioii, relative to
this very subject, was it disgrace to American
diplomacy.
Central Ainerica consists ofsix small States,
which were once uiiitod in a federal Union,
but are now iiidependeiit sovei'cigiit.ies. These
are Belize, Gllttlllmtlltl,.I]0fl(llJl't1S, San Salva-
dor, Nicanigiiti, and Ct).~l'tt Rica. Iiesidetliese.
there is wliat. iscalletl the Miisqiiiro country, a
territory Iioiiiided on the Ca ribbcaii Sea on the
East, and i\'icai'agtt:i and Hi iiduras on the
\Ve.-it, rtiuiiiiig tiorlli as his as the 16th degree
of lat itnde, but with an iiiicertain extent to the
soutliward. Tliis Mosquito cotiiitry is properly
it portion of l’l0ll(llll‘flS and Nicaragiia. The
whole of Central Aiiierica was oiiginally a
Spaiiisli possession, and no Eui'opeaii power
ever tzlaiiried any portion ofit, until many years
after it had been discovered and to some extent;
settled by Spanish subjects. Dtiriiig the tid-
iiiiiiistratioii of Oliver Cromwell, Jainaica was
conqtiered by the lflnglisli, who are its present.
owners. Iniinedialoly iipoti its conquest, it be-
came a rendezvous for pirates. who were en-
couraged by the English goveiuiiiient, and one
of whom, .\Ioi'gan,i'eccived the hoiiorof kniglit-
hood at the hands of Cliarles ‘.2d. Tliese fiends
in human form attacked the Spanish possess.
ions both upon the Atlantic and Pacific coasts,
buriiiiig whole towns, inui'dei'ing, ravishing and
plunderinrv. for a long series of years. Desi. lug
sonic localities upon the tiiaiii latid to which
they might resort, they established several
statioiis upon the Mosquito coast". \_Vlia_t few
Spanisli settlers there \ve.i'e in the tr-rrit.ot'y.
fled Vvitli l1t)l'1'Ol'l).“.fl)l’O those detiioiis. In 1687,
the Govei'iioi' of Jzitiiaica elaiiiied to have re-
ceived from the Jllostlttilo Intlians, it foruial
cession of the coast. which bears their tianie, to
the crown of England.
the probability of this claim. it may be well to
state. that these Mosquito India us were it more
ilegraileil and barbarotis race tliati the tiegroes
of Congo. The idea of such it tribe inaking a
ti'eaty with England. is simply puerile. Bitt-
even supposiiig it: had been attenipled, the ces-
sioii cotild not have been tiiade, for the sov-
ereignty of this very coast. was, by the prevail-
ing law of nations, in the Spanish CI')\V'tl.—-
Shortly after, Spain sent over a fleet for the
prott-.ct.ion of her possessioiis, which drove the
Englisli t.radei's who had come liitlier to cut
logwooil, back to .Ianiai(:a. This was about
1739, atid out of it. grew the writ which enstied
between Great Brit,:iiii and the Spanish nation-
Atl()lll0l' war shortly :il'terwai'tls followed be-
tween the same pa rtics. and growing out of the
saute difficulties. The latter contest was cott-
cluded by it tre.at‘y of peace, in 1763, in which
Eiiglaiid fortiially retiotmced all claim to any
portion of Ceiitrtil Aim-.i'ica. DQLIDIS having
arisen as to the construction of this treaty. att-
other was agreed upon in 1786. wlii-.i'el)y En-
glish sub_ject.s were required to evacuate the
.7l'losr/u.i(.o coun.t‘ry.. Perinission, however, was
given to the Bi-itisli, to ctit logwood in the ter-
ritory of Belize. The provisions of the treaty
of 1786, were retiewed and ratified in 1814.—
It. wottltl seem as if after t;l'iis, England could
‘find no means of rciiewing her pretonsiotis.
But. when did that inonarcliy ever abandon a
darling object, in order to preserve good faith
and the sanctity of treaties?
The Eiiglisli traders at Belize, attempted to
set. tip it sort of lIl(lB])6lt(lel'lt govei'nnieiil' upon
the Mosquito coast. For this purpose, in the
year 1819, they made Ill'l'2t1|_,'_!eme|1l'S with a
Scotch adveiiturer, by the name of Mac Gregor,
to go to Eiiglaiitl, l't)l'll1.'il company, come over
and niake tl scttleinent. Mac Gregor went.
and ltll.l'O(lllC€Ll liiuiself in London, as Gregor,
Cacique of Poyais. By dint; of wholesale ly-
ing, he obtained a number of followers who
:ir:.coinpiiii'ied hint to the Mosquito l.ei'i'itory.—
But: the bubble soon e.\'ploded. Mac Gregor’s
followers perished. either by their own excess-
es, or the tiiiliealtliiness of the cliniate, and
the “ kingdom of Poyais” distippeared forever.
The English government had l'avoi'ed this
movement. and hoped lol' its success. Upon
its failiire smite new sclienie had to be devised.
Previous to this, the States of Central Atnericii
had iicliioved their 'ini.le.pendetice, and Spain
was left without it single colony on the conti-
nent ot North America. The British traders
had made some attempts to mttll(Bll\'1'e with
the Mosquito lndiaiis, but had not; succeeded
very well. In 1895, liowever, they created It
“King of tho Mosquitos,” and named hint
Robert; Charles Ft-e:ler'ick. He was about
half Indian and half negro, drunken and un.
civilized. , ,
King Robert began‘ his career, by giving
away vast tracts of land, which did not belong
to him, for a l):l1'l'Ul,(tf rum. or (1 keg of whis-
lto , The tI"ttl1l'S of the Britisli overninetit
Y b g
In order to judge of
however intei'fered.'cau‘sed him to -revoke his
grants, to put: himself _-under the protection-’nf
the British crown, and‘to proclaim English
laws, as the fund'.‘iment:il‘l:iws' of :M0squito.——
By his will, he also made these agents gii'iird-
inns of his ehil_di'en,_aii_d regents of the king-
t.lie work of his British advisers, for the drunk-
en savage could neither read or write, and was
in fact it mere b'irbai'ian. The Mosquito nation
was about on 3!. par with liini. Soon after, he
died, and ‘the -‘regeiir.s,”i» Mr. Donald and
\V:ilker, took niatrers into their own liands.—
The minor son of Robert, :1 perfect. fac-siinile
of his farther," was crowned under the name of
George Williaiii Clai'e.ice. 0, I
Mr-antinie, the Central American States
were qtiarreling among themselves. and took
no notice of the Englisli flg‘l'eSSl0l13. Finally’
the Republic of Ceiitral America fell into
pieces. and each State set up a separate gov
ernment for itself. Then, in the year. 1838.
the British government. for llIelfll‘Sl’. time open-
ly flV0\V6(l its ilttelltions ; Cliatfteld, the Brit-
ish Consul, officially notified the Nicaraugiin
governinent, that the “Mosquito nation” was
recognized as an independent. nation by Great
I-Eritain, and that Nl(:tll'tlgl]tl could not. be suffer-
ed to intei'fet'e with the possessions ofthe new
The govt-.rnt'nent; of N'lC3Il'tlglItl
replied that; the territory was a portion of
Ceiitral America.
Again in I814, Mr. Donald reqiiested the
Nicaraguaii goveriiineiit, to appoint it commis-
sioner to settle the boundary of Mosqtiito, the
ally of the Britisli goveininetir. The i\’ii:ai'a-
giiaii ztutliorities replied that. they knew of no
Mosquito kingdoiii, and asked it copy of this
treaties between that power and England?
The sarcasm was severe. but. it. was deserved.
No copy was i'endei'et.l. _ In 1844, the States of
Central Altnerica were engagetl in civil war,
and \Valkei' was appointed by the British gov-
ernment. Consul to Mosquito. In the same
year, a Britisli man-of-war made its appear-
ance on the coast, bringing Mi‘. Jzitnes Bell.
with the appoititment of (‘,0lY1l'lItl1)(le1"flUtl chief
and sheriff, until the lialf-blood king should
Boll soon after, upon
pi'incipalit.y.
reach his tnaiority.
frivolous pretences, pi'otested against the occu-
pation of the liarbor of San Juan by the Nicar-
guaii governinent. Tliis-liarbor had always
been one of the principal ports of Nictiiagtia,
and the protest was received with great indig-
nation. Iii 18-15, the coronation of the young
negro king took place, the whole farce being
conducted by the British agents.
\Ve have now reached our own times. The
foregoing recapitnlation, as will be seen here-
after. was necessary to a i-iglit understanding
of the events which have since followed. \Ve
shall continue the subject next week.
Land Ilefonn.
It: is :1 stale, though true expression, that
\Vlietlici'
pi'ogress, in all its pi'e.setit: phases, has an up-
“we live in an age of progress.”
ward or dowtiwzird tendeiicy is anotlior and
very differeiit. matter. l\lticli that is good has
been and is being evolved by the speciilations
ofinquiriiig minds; what: is the proportion of
evil prodiiced and to be produced, time only
can deterniitie.
One ofthe. most. important of the tlieories of
the day is included in the teriii, “ Latid Re-
‘.Ve do not know that. we compi-eliend
If, as their
form.”
the full nieaiiiug of its advocates.
opponents assert, it. is intended to set: forth as a
fLl11(l21lI‘lPt)lill principle, t.liati- no person has a
right; to the possession of uiore soil than he can
cultivate, or than is suffir-lent. for the support
of .llll)|S(~‘.if‘ and his family, and llltlt every
has a
and title
somcwlterc, suitable to
individual ma ri perfect iiitlefeasililo,
to an area of
his wants, tlimi we
inaliertable land,
hesitate tint to pi'otiount,e the doctrine false and
|)f:l'I1l(:l0l’S. Such a tlieory, ifput in practice,
would, it; seems to us, take from itidustry its
stimulus, from fl'l1_L_'fllliy its inot.ive, from sobri-
ety its liigliesr incentive.
But if the prlnciple i-onteiided foi- be. that
where it nation. in its collective capacity. is the
owner of vast, tinocciipietl and lHI:lll[)l'0p1‘lf1lP(l
regioiis. its best: policy and ll1Pl'(‘.f01‘L’- its inipei'-
ativo ditty is, to perniit. its citizens, without fee
or rewa rd, to take possessioii of and to cultivate
the wilderness. under suitable restrictions and
i'egttlati(iiis. then such it principle iiieets our
-lh0Sl’. l‘l8tl1'l.y approbation. The goveriiinent of
the United" States is the most wealthy land
Own!-‘I’ in the. world. To it. a hundred acres
of forest or praii'ie,as.sueli are valueless. They
liriiig no revenue. they add notliitig to the intel-
ligetice, the. virtue, or the glory ofthe eounti'y.
But. place upon them a M/\.\‘; give him it plow
and the axe, and in at few years the country
has gaiiied a citizen and ii defeaider; anotlier
lieart thrills with love to her, auotlier arm is
ready to be raised for lierprotection. lfupoii
every liuiidi'etl of the hundreds of millions
of acres of our public domain, there were at
this moment; planted a tiller‘ of the soil. sur-
rounded with tho sweet. charities of home, and
reiidoriiig a heartfelt zillegiiiiice to our govern-
ment and our iiistitutions, how i'icliéi', how iii-
calculably richer, in every element of wealth
and pt'uspot'ity. would this nation be! Yet
every SPCIIOYI which iSl10L1l(l be granted to the
homeless and landless citizen, would be an ad-
vance rowards this great consiinimation. It is
but a penny-wise and pouiid-foolish policy that.
bids the settler to pay his dollar into the-public
'ti'e.asury, before he shall be perinitted t.o’culti-
vate an acre of the public domain.
5? Does the Editor of the Norwalk Gazette
suppose that. he will receive any better or re-
spect for attacking Mr. Gordon. the getitleiiiaii
who is a medium tliro’ whom spirils comuiu-
nicate to iiiziii? It so. we apprehend be has
entirely inistakon his obyect Time will show.
, Derby Journal.
Attack M'i'. Gordon 3! \Ve should as soon
think of attacking the Man in the Moon.———
VVliy, Friend Newson, tliere is nothing to at-
tack. \Ve treated the fellow, Gordon, precise-
ly as we would any other liuinbuggiii,tz loafer,
who makes his living by frigliteiiiiig old ladies,
and gulling Derby Editors. Should any more
such chaps come tiloiigtliis way, we certainly
‘ shall not take the trouble to attack them, we
shall simply give them a kick and let them go.
‘E?’ The lilllUl.)l3l' of Fiigitivo Slaves who
have fled to Ciiriadti, is estiuiiited at 2,000.
doiii. -It is unnecessary to tliatall this was i
' “ \Vr: ‘ Ami-iinvi-1 or 'i'nr.”.. F‘uoi,'ri‘vi'x
SLAVE “ IIAw.”——- Republican of last week.
The fo‘l'owing is. the sixth section of the
Fugitive Slave bill. There are other sections
which we may notice hei'eaft.er, but the follow-
ing is enoiigli for the present.
Srzc. (‘. And be it further enacted, That
“'l"”‘ “ Pet‘-‘Hill he-ltl In s~‘c|‘\'lCe or labor in -any State
\ . .‘ ‘ -
or 'lerritoi'y of the UllltPd States b s heretofore or
shall lierezilier escape into another State or Territo-
ry of the Uiiiled States, the person or persons to
whoiii siicliscrvice or labor may be due, or his. her,
~ur'tliei_i_' agciit or attoriicy. duly authori’/.ed, by pow-"
er of iittoiiiey. in wriliiig, ackiiowledged and certi-
licd Iiiiiler the seal of siime legal office or Court of
the State or 'l‘ei-ritory in which the saute may be ex-
ecuted, may pursue and reclaim such fii«__ritive per
son, either by procuring a warrant from some one of
the Courts. Judges or Coiiiiiii.-siotieis aiforesaid, of
the proper Circuit. District or County. for the ap-
|)l'.;l1ellSl0ll of such fugitive frotu service or labor,
or by seiziiig and arre.-‘tiiig such fiigitive, where the
.-aiiie can be done \\'i‘tliottt process, and by taking
and caiisiiig such person to be takeli forthwith be -
fore such Coiirt,.ludge or Coiiiiiiissioiier, who.-e
ditty it .<htill.be to hear and determine the case of
sue-li claiiiiatit iii a .~‘Ui\1MAl-Y iii.ia.\'1-:ii: and iipnii
StllHfilC[()l'y proof being made. by dcpo.-ition or
“lIl‘l=l‘-‘ll. In writing, to beiakeii and certtlieil by
suuli_Coiirt Judge or l'oiiiiiiis.<ioiiei', or by other
-‘ill!-‘liICl0I'_\' lcstiuioiiy. duly taken and certified bi’
some Court, i\lagi.-'ti'ati=..Justice of the Peace, or
other legal officer aiitliorized tn admitiis-ter :iii oath
and take ili-positiohs under theylaws ofthe State or
-Territory from which such per.-‘on owing service or
liIlHH’ may have e.-ciipcil. with it certificate of such
Illtl,'_l'l.~‘ll‘ilf!_',' or other autlioiity. as .if‘iii-esiiid, xx ltli the
seal of the proper Court or officer thereto attiiclitzd.
\\’lll(‘l1 .~‘t’til shall be siilliciciit to cstalilisli the couipi:-
tency ofthe proof. and with ]'i1‘()()f,ill.i0 by affidavit.
ofthe identity ofthe person who.-‘e service or labor
is claiiiied to be due :|.~‘t|ftl1’eS:ll(l. that the person
so tll‘!'(‘..~‘lf}(l does in fact owe service or labor to the
person or ])(’.1.~‘0tlS claiiiiiiig him or llt-‘I’. in the State
or Territory frmn wliicli such fugitive-. inay have
Hsctigtetl as ziforesaitl. atid that said per.-‘on cscapeil,
to make out and deliver to .-ucli claiinaiit. his or her
ageiit or attoriiey, a certificate s._ttiiig forth the sub-
sltiutial facts as to the service or labor due
from such fugitive to the claiiuaiit and of his
or her escape from the State or Territory
in which such service or labor is due, to the
State or 'I‘erritor_v in which he or she was arrested,
with authorit._v to siicliclaiiiiiiiiit. or his or her agent
or attoriiey,tu uses-iicli reasoiiable force and restraint
as may be tiece.-:siii‘y under the circtiiiistziiiccs ofthe
case, to take and remove such fugitive pcrsoii
back to the Sttite or Territory from whence he or
she may have esezipeil as aiforesaid. In no trial or
lie:.ii‘iiigiiiidi-.r tliisact shall the testimony of such
allcgred fugitive beailiiiitteil in evidence; and the
certificates in this and the first section iiientioiied
shall he co.\‘ci.U.<ivi-‘. ofthe ri;_'lit of the pcrsoii or
persoiisiu wlio.-‘e favor ;.v,raiited to l‘I‘ln()\’e such fit-
gitive to the State or Tei'.ritory from \\'lllCl1 he cs-
caped, and shall prevent all l\lUl.l-2S'l‘A'l‘t0t\‘ of said
|)(:t‘.<t)ll or persoiis by any process issiictl by any
Court, Judge, M agistrate, or other person wliom-
socvcr.
The substance of this is as follows: A slave
runs away. The master procures affitlavits of
the fact; of ownersliip and escape, among his
iieiglibors, atid also affidavits of the “niiirks" of
the fugitive, that is, of his height, color, voice.
eyes. teeth, scars, &c., (to. The iiiastei-’s
agent cotiies on to New York and finds the
runaway. He goes to the U. COl1'InllS.~'lUI)8l'
and exhibits his tifiiilavits, and that officer there-
upon‘ issues his warrant for the apprelieiision
of the fugitive. The U. Marslitil arrests
him, and takes him before the Commissioner‘.
The agent; again exhibits his affidavits, and
offers further evidence,——li'is own oath, if he
The slave tnay also offer evidence,
The Couitiiission-
chooses.
btit ))Iu_7/ not swear lu’.nt.s-cl/'.
or l)6('Ul1l€S satisfietl of the oivnersliip, and of
the escape. I-Io tliereupou gives the agent a
Ct.‘-Il.lflt:ZlI.0 of tllr-. facts,-as he finds them, armed
with which certificate the agent may call the
whole force of the governiiioiit; to assist hiui in
The
Coiiiiiiissionei' must. proceed “in a suntmar_y
cotivi-yiiig the ftigitivo back to slavery.
niaiiiior,” that. is, must. proceed to trial and
jiidgeineiit at mice. The certificate is conclu-
sire that the captive is it slave, and no inquiry
may be had on that point; alter it has been
granted.
Now let. us suppose a case. Suppose. that
our neiglibor Smith sliotld wish to go to Pitts-
biirgli. i’eiinsylvania. He gets tliere. A slave
aaeiit and his employer are there and see him.
The rnaster tells lheagont that iieiglibor Smith
is his slave, and directs him to reclaitn liitn.—
The agent. sets to work to proi-.ure the affidavits-
of which a liuiidred can be bouglit for as many
dollars. They are pi'ocui'ed; the oivtieisliip
atid escape are deposed to. and then follows
the de.<criplion ofliis person; “About the mid-
dle height, lotig, CUl_'l\'. black hair, black eyes.
very liglit. complexion. so iiincli so, that he can-
not be (lislingui.slzc(l from a w/tile 7n.an..” \Ve
have seen in Soiitlieru papers, precisely siiiiilar
descriptions with the foregoing of rtinawav
The Coiniuissionor issues his warrant.
He asks
for time to send to Coiinecthsiit. for evidence.
slaves.
Our neighbor is brouglit before him.
“I can’t. allow it,” says the Coiiiiiiissioiier, “I
must proceed in it summ(Ir_7/ tnatiiiei'.” A
habeas corpus is sited out, but it is of no avail,
for tie-.igliboi' Smith is liolrlen under it wai't'aiit
of an U. S. Officer. The Coniiiiissioiier de-
oides against him, and issues his cert.ificate.-—
The
first chance he gets, he sues out another ha liens
The agent: irons liitii and takes him off.
corpus; it is more worthless than the format‘,
for the certificate is conclusive, and so neighbor
Smith is led off to slavery. “ Courage,” says
he. "I have been told that even a slave can
sue for his freedoin before :1 Jury, in it South-
ern state; as soon as I get to my mttstei"s
p'aiit:ition, I’ll do so." He gets to the ])lf1n[31-
tion, and is just beginning to think of his free-
dom suit, when he is sold to 11 Louisiana plant-
or, and hurried off to :1 Sugar plantatioii on the
aiiks of the Mississippi. There, his last con-
solation would Do, that be “approved of the
law.”
Any one who, will read the section above
quoted, will see that all this can be done under
its provisions. The remedy is perfectly sim-
ple. Le‘. thei'e_be a trial by Jury when the
fugitive is captured, the U. S. Commissioner
acting as the Court. This will give time for
pi'eparat.ion; it will not protect 'a single real
stove, but will pi-dveiit any freeman beiiig re-
duced to bondage. There are other sections
imposing penalties upon the citizens of the
north, which we will notice hereafter.
The N exv \’ ork Election.
The \Vliigs have n majority of the Legisla-
ture, and the members of Congress. It is not
certain yet who is chosen Governor, though
from present returns we should say that. the
successful candidate was \Vashington Hunt,
XVhig. ‘
__________,____..____
Ncvv Jersey. 4
This sound \Vhig State has gone Locofocp
by 11 large iniijorit.y, owing to local causes,
‘-3;
.. ,,..
‘ Thé.Fugi,tivo-Sliave Law-Agaffia
By._t11e theory of out‘ "government. the sovi-
reign poivei--of ltlHi§lcOl.llnl‘.l'y is. vested in thd’
people. By this is iheanttlint the citizeris of
lille"lflt1(l collectively nlozre have pofver to uiako
laws for the government of the whole. But,
it being impossible tbiitwenty or tliii-tiyi milliiiiiis
of-human;l1eings.to assemble togetlier ,to mako
laws for the g’e.iieriil' welfareéwltich, by the
way, would be pure demoeracy——'rtn-: P1-zornn
‘of America have agreed to perform these func-
tions by certain agents appointed by themselves
at certain times. (Sc in ii specified manner; :5: for
the inst ruction oftliose agents. the people have
in a formal instrument exptwss-ad their will as to-
the duties, rights. and relation of the agents to.
themselves and to each other. I These ngeiits.
com pose the Legislative branch oi.‘-government;
tlio will, thus foi-ninlly-expressed, is. the:‘Ccn-
stitutiou of the United States. The people
have solemnly bound themselves to abide and bo
governetl by the action ofiheir iigeiits,so long as
that. action is in conformity with the previously
d('(:ltll'ed wit.i.. And as there might be dis-
crepaiicies of opinion as to the true meaning"
of the written instruction. i. e. the C0llSllll]ll0l),,
the people have appointed other ageiits to de-
cide that matter for them. for if twenty millions.
of people could not collectively malrc laws,
iuiich less could they assemble to construe
them. The laws being made, aiidtlieir mean-
ing determined, other agents have been select-
ed to execute them, viz. the Executive i)l‘tlIlCll
ofthe goveriiineut. The duties of these three
Depiirtnients, the Legislative the ludiciiil, and
the executive are perfectly simple -and d'lSllllClI.'.
Now suppose tliat; the Leg'islatiii'e enacts a.‘-
law which I deem uncoiislitiitioiial; what is
my duty’! Have I it right to put a final con-
struction tipon it-—to declare it uncoustitiitioiiiili
and refuse obedience? Clearly not, for I, in‘
common with the rest of the people have RP’
pointed it judiciary to do this very thing. and I-
havo :i,§_,reod, with my uiillions of fellow citizens,
to be bound by the laws made by our legislative
agents until they have been pronounced null by"
our judicial agents. ]fI no\v refuse to do this I3
set my solemn agreenient-—the oath to support
the Constitti'tion—-—:iside, and declare that I am-
iiot only above the law, but that I am superior
to the whole body ofthe peoplh. Ifl go fur--
ther, and invite others to disobiediencr-., if I at-
iii my madness, I succeed in forming a league-
boutid, not only to passive, but active violation-
oftlio law——-wliat am I but a rebel and H traitor?
Apply the case; either the Fugitive Slavo-
Bill is tinconstitutionalor it is not;
every good citizen will submit to it, so long as.
it remains in force. If it. be not, there is It tri-
bunal created to decide thus, but till that de-
owii judgments in defiance of it, and rear they
staiidard of revolt. -The law of the land must
be respected and, if neces-sai'y, executed, andt
wlioever art-ogantly sets tip his own wisdom as
above. it. or recommeiids that it be disolieyetl,
is an eiieiiiy to his cotintry. an enemy to the
well being of society, and an enemy to the first
prii.ciples of true liberty.
JICNNY LIN!) nv D.-\vLtoii-r!-t\Ii°.Barnum-
has fll'l‘tltlge(l for a grand Day Concert, at. Trip-.
lor Hall, on the al'te.riioon of the 13th of tho-
presotit. inontli, coiiiiiiencing at 1 o’clo‘k, at-.
wliicli Miss Jenny, assisted by Sig. BcllclIi,,
will appezir in a choice selection of songs, bal‘-
lads, duett.-=, &c. The first part of the concert:
will cotisist: ofS:icrctl Music, in which the
notes of this sweet warbler, will be lieard in
the ])('-l‘l0l'l1)t’Il]t'fP- of the piece called "1 know
that. my Redeetner livcth.”
The ot'r-liestra will consist of 60 iniisicitind.
of the first talent in Atnericit, conducted by
Mr. Benedict.
But. three concerts iriot'e,_besided the above,-.,,'
will be given before Miss Lind letive§_foi' the-
.\‘out.li ; these will be given on Tlrursday, Fri-
day and S3ltlll'(lil_V evenings. Nov. 14th, 15th
and 16th; at eacli_t_if these. those favorite pie-
ces, the “ Bird Song.” and the “ Hé7rdsinaii,"
0]‘, Echo Song, will be produced.
The day; crmccrl is to be given for the ac.
Our re:i(lei's who have not lieard this world
renowned songsticss. will see the necessity of
availing tlienisclves of the opportunities now
given, or perhaps lose forever the privilego,_
which few indeed are willing to forego.
_ Honor to the True Republicam
In the marble yard of Mr. Batterson, in
North Main Street, is a free stone Obelisk,’
13 feet in height, resting upon a neatly .de-.
signed base. It is a comely and rather im-,
posing monument. The iv0_rl<_m€n art’ 35011?-
to engrave upon it an inscription in the fol-.
lowing words: -
“ Erecterl by the Democrats of Barkliam-.
5['e(L in memo:-ysoftlin tinrhiunted Pa_t.riotism.
of \V1LLlAM Muoni-2. the first Jetfersotiian Re-
publican ofthe Town, who stood alone arnid
bitter persecution, in support of free and libe-
ral priiiciples.”
This is a highly creditable thing on the
part of the Democrats ‘of B-arkham.sted.——
They evince a tine spirit in perpetuating the
memory of the man who dared to stand up
and vote for Democratic principles, in the
face ofthe federal persecution.
Hartford Times’.
If it be “highly c_i'editable” to carry party
politics beyond the grave, and to desecratze the
sacred precincts of the tomb by the voice of
faction, then sacrilege will soon cease to ho’;
crime, and the holiest feelings of our nature no.
longer cherished or regarded.
E? The remains of the great and good man
TAYLOR, reached Louisville on the morning of
the 1st, and were deposited in the family liurinl
lot. ' 1 '
If-3" The city of Cincinatti has been visitor},
by spiritual manifestations not unlike those at.
Stratford, Bridgeport, Norwalk. érc. Tlliey,
are creating quite an excitement in the f01'X]',;f}f,,
city. ‘ ' _ "
E7‘ Tliebill to restore Thomas
his rights, was defeated _in the Rhoda Is all
Senate at Greenwich, on Friday rW'.oi_3k,,,”'
1-1, nays 17'. i ' - "= 4‘ ‘
tempt to create a combined resistance, and, if’
ifit be 50,,
cision is made we have no riglit to set up our-
comtnodation of those from the country who.
wish to visit. the city and i'eturn the same day,__
- I
Norwalk Chronicler