. _'.. ..._u..o —. "-— ..._ ..— p—"-.'....o’-__.¢'——a-—~_....L
sary, be related what occjured on that cru-
el night, on which he had been forced by
a feeling of ‘humanity to commit a crime.
“Besides," he added, “Matilda did not
suffer much. A sublime devotion sustain-
ed her fortitude, and lam certain she was
consoled in the endurance of the pain, by
the thought that the band would be sent,
When I had finished, I hearJ her‘
to you. _ _
say in a low tone, behind the curtain which
concealed her from me: Tell him that my,
heart will go with my hand. But for the
ruby I never could have been enable to ful-
fill her wish.” .
Compelled to fly, to escape being arres-
ted on account of the duel, Napolean
do is now in Brussels. Poor young
man! His grief is heart-reading. . Will he
ever return to Paris ‘I Huberti is only an
_ afssurned name, in order to conceal the true
The Doctor is no other than Dr.’
0neU
. .
cove. Before he parted with liisiadver-in
THE Leersaarons met on Vl’ednesday
morning at 10 o'clock. The House or-
ganized by the appointment of Enos
North, Esq. of Colebrook, Chairman, and
Messrs. Biirrall, of Canaan, and Norton,
of Farmington, Tellers. On balloting for
Speaker, Cyrus H. Beardsley, Esq., of
Monroe, received 112 votes, Wm. VV.
Boardmen, Esq. had 102,and 1 scattering.
Every democratic member was in his seat.
Chas. R. Ingersoll, Esq. of New _.l‘la\’8"i
and Calvin VV. Philleo, Esq. of V\'.lll('ll]al.Tl
‘Co. were elected Clerlts. On taking his
iseat, Mr. Beardsley returned his thanks to
the House, in a few appropriate remarks.
The SENATE was organised by the ap-
,pointment of Hon. Samuel liigham, Pres-
lident pro Icm., and A. A. Burnham, Esq. of
lDanbur_v, Clerk. Leander Parinclce and
fPhilip Curtis, Esqs. were chosen '.Vlcsseii-
lgers, and Rowe B. Newell, Doorkeepcr.
Conimtttee on credentials, appointed by
L—-(Lisfranc’l)thc illustrious surgeon. ;the Chair-—- Messrs. Burrall of Canaan,
Eight days later from Europe.
Tire Ca-mbria left Liverpool at 4-. P.
on the 19th ult. and arrived at Halifax
about noon of the 1st inst. and left again
for Boston at 4- P. M. of the same dag,'.—-jS9°l'€1’“‘)' “S1111?-
She brought nearly 100 passengers to Hal-
ifax, landed 20 there, and took
others for Boston.
on board gjirst Monday in April.
Saturday evening and '1“ ll‘-9 ll-"ml f°l'-'“-
_night we we,,,he,. was e_“,-emely foggy, , sed his apprehension that something was
Patchin of VVeston, and J. B. Converse.
A resolution was offered by Mr. Catlin,
,_\'[, anthorziug the Cum. on credentials to re-
;sort to secondary evidence where no re-
:turn of a member has been made to the
The statute allows :1
return only of members elected on the
The resolution was
Mr. Boardman expres-
and the vessel was running half 5pced_':intentended by the resolution, which he
D
Mr. Perkins of Hartford
A‘-boiit ‘.20 minutes to 12 (uiidniglit) Capt..C0Uld "Oi 598-
Judkins, deeming it proper to sound, u-aslinoved that for the present the resolution
proceeding forward, when the vessel struck i ll? UPON the table, for t‘: e purpose of re-
name 7 Have they omitted to do so by mistake ?
say they have not omitted it by
elector of fifty years’ standingfnuist be thrown
out, and his right for that election abolished.
Even the usual remedy is taken away—the re-
jection of the votes of actual electors will no
longer vitiatoaii election if this registry act: be a_
radresss which they have always had, both in
the Legislature of the State and in the Con-
gress of the United States, by having their re-
in the same manner as if actually received.
Independently of this objection tothelaw, the
operation ofit in its present: form, is felt to he
adverse to the exercise of the right of the people.
It is an impediment. in their way iiii—-—-embari'ass-
ment——aii cntanglemeiit—and while, not unfro-
quentiy, the illegal vote of the elector who as
changed his residence, and has no longer the
right to give it, is, by this law, ii'i'cti'ievably
forced into the ballot box, the unsuspecting elec-
tor, who is eiititled, finds his undoubted privilege
sacrificed under the specious plea‘ of more of-
fectually presciviiig it. This ought not to be.
The utmost facility should be uffordocl to the ox-
ercise of this liigliest political right of an Amer-
ican citizen, whicli is the basis of our republican
ginstitutions; and every obstacle should be re-
imoved out of the way, and every encourage-
lincnt extended to tho pcrformaiico of the high
tcluty involved in it. The progress of the public
;miiid has been most decisively towards univer-
's.-.l stillrage, and this State has approxiinated
[very nearly to it. The exceptions are few and
far l.)€-l‘Wcel], and the cases offraudulciit voting
Let these be attended to
i\\'lll1ll1t3 utmost vigilance. Let the convenience
gcoznpurutivcly rare.
lofa few public officers not staiid in the way of '
{filmy have not registered his name, if they. more matter of trade substantially unrestricted,
mistake, then,’ the labors of these associations have been crown-
no matterliow clear and manifest his right——an 9 ed with signal success, and never. perhaps, at
~ any period, was the "power of public opinion
valid law, and the people are debarred of tliei ed, pi'actic2ill)'. as the foremost. objection to this
jcctcd votes counted in contested elections, if j use of coei'cioii by legal pains and penalties, in gprovement, or to save tlicsc schools from lagging
they were constitutionally entitled to give thoi1i=a msinner which many will deem inconsistent I behind the age, let‘. it be made with that gener-
the foundations of thatiinproved society, suppos-
cd to exist, and of that free government and all
its kindred institutions, which rest upon man's
capacity for self government. \Vitl1outdispara-
giiig the higher seminaries of learning, 1 would
especially commend to your attention the Coni-
moii Schools, in which the people generally are
taught, and which are more particularly under
their immediate care and superiiitendcnce. If
these are placed in the highest practicable con-
new law that it is likely to prejudice. the cause dition, the higher institutions will be sure to be
of mmporaiicc, by departing from the high ,provided for. If there be any pecuniary sacri-
ground before occupied, and descending to the ifice necessaiy to introduce any well attested im-
.ern law, leaving the purchase and sale as a
I
brought to hear so fully, directly and universal-
ly, in favor of this cause of humanity, as in the
year 1845, when this new law was enacted. It
is not the least, and perhaps ought: to be rogm-d-
with their just rights. ous, self-sjacrificing devotion, which becomes an
--. . ..... ---- * .....
schools, and to embark neither its money nor its
credit in any projects of canals or railroads, leav-
ing them to private enterprise, with a view to re-
lieve the citizen of all unnecessary bl-“dens. W6
have perhaps for this very reason been too inat-
tentive to the just principle of taxation._ All tax-
ation is founded on the idea of protecting person
and pi-operty——tlie poll tax or its equivalent being
for the per3on—all other taxes for property. The
present system is unequal. It presses too lightly
on the rich, too heavilv on the poor and middling
C1=155t°-5; especially when all classes are subject
tp the present unequal federal tax on consump-
tion. The system is unreasonable and unjust.-—'
'l‘lie true principle is to tax men in proportion to
their ability. It has been carried out elsewhere;
it can be carried out hero. And when carried
out, much capital new driven out of the State
would flow back into it. The whole subject is’
But independently of tho gem-,1-al influence ofi educated community. But. in all our legislation,
this new 1,,-,.,. upon the Cause of mm-“ls, it is in it- let us never lose sight oftlze. fuii-glziiiiental pi'inci- ,
self liable, to objections of the most serious chm-- ple, which with certain exceptions we have ever,
mm,-_ It denounces the most, innocent new as ;actcd upon, that these cominoii schools should‘
C,-jmgm-,1,n11d punishes them ascl-lines, Il;p1~nl;jl)- be under the superint;eiiding care and contrpl of
its any sales of wines or spiritous liquors, in any ‘lilo pm'C_nt. If the parciit has not an llnflilllllllg
quantity, forany purpose, under any cii'cumstan— ll1lel'cSl2 in the educatioii of a beloved Clllldv 111,
cos, as a crime, wliicli may subject the offender Which the State may justly confide. I know not!
to it criiniiinl prosecution. The law in many -to what quart_ei- we shall look f0l"llI.
places has been, and in all might be, left; in full . More especially is it glespalilig tnat some feitg.
force, in its origiiial and uiiniiiigatcd scvoi-it)’.-— lble P1""" 5‘l°“1.d b°.d‘?‘”5e“.’ “"‘f°1_‘_“'.°“1"l bf, SIM‘
In all suclicasos, if any one should sell the pro- t’"‘“‘°.d by publlc °l’”“°F* "3’ ‘°“]‘_“3t‘."gb‘1‘" tr;
hil itod article for medical purposes in a case of provil-mi} .135 fin mid all ‘St, a° pm: in C’
’ . _ . . qualifications of instiuctois to the end that the
the last oxtreiiiitj , or to tlip officers of n Chris- 1,,-gha. b,.,,,,ches may be opened to the child,-,-,3
tiflfl I‘-11111":-‘ll: f°1'lhe most; 1l‘_"Yl’“1'l‘°5_9 0f ‘"11’ 1'9‘ of parents in moderate pecuniary circumstances.
ligioii, he would be a crimiiial by this law, and F0,-1,-K-,1; of it, nm.,,:,- of the 1,,—;g},le_,t ynjndg’ ma-
might be dragged to the bar of ii court ofjusticc ny of the most largely t‘.‘:1(lC)'v'v’.3'.lll‘it-.'3ll.(.‘.L‘tS, wlii_ch
and subjected to a penalty of $100 and all the might otliei-wise have adoriicd apil blesscrl ionic-
costs of his defence and coiiviction. This is now ll‘. M0 10” °l35C“1'9d by _lh*3_ Sad “‘fl'~l°,“°_°,°f P°""
the existing law in niaiiy parts of the State in }¢)l‘ll;;_hiIg,‘iltf£“f]$’r:’,£‘feg{‘£‘i‘:igiifi’;°;:{
Whlcll We live: , . . , . j . fdbting of political equality with the highest, be
It 15 lmolhcl ‘.““5’* 0.)-lecnombm lea mm of this extended in some measure at least to his cliidi-en,
new law’ that it Colliers “Po” the lhrce me“ ”’ - so that when they seek an aczguaintaiicc with the
every town, legislative powor——tlic power to al-
tcr this law at their pleasure, or dispense witli
it altogether. This is :1 most extti'aordiiiary pro-
liiglicr briiiiclies of learning, no insupci-able bat‘-
rier may be in their way. _
The School Fund, that source of just pride to
the people of this State, with its capital of
the botggln "he gngineg “'31-ejl-€l‘l'lllg IO the statute. l\TOl.l0l'l l05l.
M13 -the rights of the great body of the electors. I
cecdiiig. The will of two men in every town is
_nity in the House, to claim credit for Gov-
'buvc no gimeto play, -; I'll go go. bedgndi
-split tbe.diL:e‘r;acei‘ » . "Hf
immediately reversed but she remained
hard and fast. Although there was not a
breath of wind; yet the swell on the beach,
owing: to the easterly wind which had
lil’own previously, was very heavy and
broken, and the vessel rolled and fell off
broadside to the beach, after the stream
anchor came home. This occurred off
Truro, about five miles South ofthe High-
land Lights, Cape Cod, the bottom where
she lay ivasentirely clear of rocks. At high
water, she remainel perfectly upright,
headed South, and made not the slightest London, and Butler of Norwalk, iinnouric- their employment. if such persons in an ap-iaction for the citizen.
water. With strenuous and prompt exer-
tions it was hoped that the Cambria would
be got oil the beach without loss and
without delay.
Cotton has advanced.
Ireland.
Matters in lreland were growing worse
and worse. The accounts of the famine
in that country are truly deplorable.
The artisans have no employment, and
conseqcue-nttly they are in a state of destitu-
tion,,ai-'id the wretched sufferers are in vain
endeavoring to get provisions in ti'me, t/ea!
their c/iildrcn may not die!
The accounts carried out by the Hiber-
nia, the lst of April, excited a good deal
of attention. The message of Mr. Polk
was not considered warlike; indeed, some
of the public writers profess to see the
best guaranty for the continuance of peace
EP. moved an amendment allowing second-
ziiry evidence; also where the certificate
received from the moderator was defec-
:tive. The amendmeiit was accepted by
jlllr. Catlin. Resolution as amended pass-
ed.
A resolution was offered by Mr. Burrall
and adopted, appointing il’lessrs. Osborn
8:. Baldwin, State Printers.
flfm-/zoon.—-The House came to order
at 3 o’clock.
Messrs. Boardman, Williams of New
ed as the Committee to wait on the Gov-
ernor and inform him of the organization
of the two Houses.
Messrs. Catlin, Whiting and Lockwood,
announced as the Committee on Contes-
ted Elections.
The Committee on Credentials reported
the names of those members not legally
returned to the office of the Secretary of
State, with a resolution declaring theiii en-
titled to seats in the House. Resolution
passed. .
Committee announced to examine the
rcturns of votes for State Officers——
Messrs. Clark of Lebanon, Sturges of
Ncwtown,Atkiiis of Bristol,\Vi|cox,Scraii
ton, Billings, Webb of Windliaui, and Hen-
dee.
Thursday M'or7iing, llfay ’7.——Tl1e reading of.
the journal and calling of the roll having been‘
dispensed with, the petitions of Zones Chappel
in. the expense to which the United States
will‘ be put by arming for the confiict. The
speech of Mr. VVebster, in favor of the!
49th degree, had been much noticed and
freely commented on.
and \Vin. Jones, both claimiiig to bo represent-
atives from Hebroii, were pmsented and l'ofcl‘-
red to the coniui. on contested elections.
The Senate by invitation from the House, met
that body in convention. The coiiventiou was
The House of Commons met on Friday;
after Easter, (on the 17th April) and took‘
up the Irish ‘Coercion bill, which had been
the principal subject of discussions up to
the latest advices.
Sir Robert Peel had taken an opportu-
ernment for having ordered a supply of
Indian Corn to meet the necessities of the
starving people in Ireland and England.
He said that his only regret was that Gov-.'
ernment had not ordered more, but it hadi
been deterred by .its unwillingness to
interfere with the regular course of
business.
Speculaion wasstill rife as to the fate
of the Corn Law bill in the House of Lords.
\Vilmer and Smith state that it was cori-
called to order by Hon Samuel lngham. Messrs
Boardman, Burrall and Bclcher were appointed
Tellers, and balloting for State Officers took
place, with the following results :
I.-iazic Toucey, for Governor. -. . . . .124
Clark Bissell,..' . . . . . . . . . . .......ll5
Fraiici.-i Gillette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1--241
'I‘oucey’s uizijority .. . . . . . . .. 7
The majority for each of the other State Offi-
corswas 8, a blank vote being castand iiotcounted.
Friday Mbrning, 8:12..
At 9 o'clock, both Houses conveiieil—-the Gor-
eriior was conducted into the Hall, where the oath
of oflicc was adiiiiiiistered. lilo iifnzrwards trains-
l iiiitted, through his private Secretary, the folloiviiig
IYIESS.-IGE.
Fellow Citizens of the Senate
and of the Ifousc of Representatives:
Itlesiro to e:-;piress my profound acknowledg-
ments for the high honor conferred upon me, in
jectiired‘tliat there would be .'.vote of two
thirds in favor of it in the lionse, but that.
in Committee where roxies cannot be
9 P
used) it might be thrown out.
flqtcmpt to l.'z"l. King Louis P}i.i'li'ppc.--,
On Thursday, the 16th tilt. the King was’
fired upon while taking his ride in tlicj
front of Fontninbleau, by ii man seated;
on the wall. The Queen, Princess Ade-‘i
laide, the Dutcliess of Neinours, the Prince,
and Princess of Salome were in the car-l
rings with the king. ‘
fringes but no one was hurt. 'l he assas-3
sin was'iinniediatcl arrested. His name.
L dyl Id 1'
was ecompte, an ie was an 0 genera '
guardian of the forest of Fontainbleau.
Dispatches from Tabita were not very;
favorable to the French. The natives and,
Q‘_ueen Pomoni still held possession of the!
interior, and the French were confined to;
a small portion of the shore, where they:
were protected: by eutrencliments.
Letters from Constantinople state that;
the Al)tlZ€S1 hr) independent Power off glenient in the meshes of legal ellficmle-“T3. 118- : when there has been a failure to elect; on the
Circassia, had rejected the offers ofi
reconciliation of Russia,and had declared]
for Sliiek Schamyl.
Narvaez, the late Minister, it is said, has
been driven from Spain in consequence
of his quarrel with Queen Christiana.
A New Orleans letter in the National Intelli-
gencer, says:-—
“Our government are sending more
troops down to Gen. Taylor. The steam-
er Telegraph took two companies from
here last week. Before all the accounts
9rl'e'f00tetl up and. paid,,I expect it will be
found that Texas is one of Uncle Sam's
dear bargains. She belongs to us now,
however, and must of course be taken
care of.”
Henry B. Harrison of New Haven has re-
ceived the first appointment in the Senior
Class. of Yale Colleg,e,.and will deliver the
Vpledictory 0‘riiti'on- at the ensuing Cam-
mencemcnt. .
_ The Farmers and Mechanics Bank at.
Hartford has ‘madjeva dividend of3 1-'2 p.c.
I feel’-to lacy t-o worlt said-‘a loafer, and
Three balls cut the:
calling me to the responsible station which I
now occupy. In entering upon its duties, I
should be greatly wanting in what I owe to the
Legislature and the People, were I not to do-
clare with the most; unreserved fruiiltiicss, the
convictions of my mind iii regard to those sub-
jects which will come under your consideration.
Under a government in which beyond any
other, perhaps, the popular principle has pre-
dominated from the beginning, it is not to be
presumed that. our laws and institutions are not
substantially adapted to the sentiments and hub-
its of the community. Ouratteiitiou,tlierefcro
will rather be directed to the more recent in-
novations or errors in legislation, if zinytliere be,
to such mocliticutiotis as liavc bocomo neces-
sary, and to any abuses which may, possibly,liave
crc t in.
’flliei'e is no subjcqt Vvlllflll should be brought to
a scvercr scrutiny t ian t ose laws which touch
the par-ainouiit and fundanieiital right of the peo-
ple, by whipli they wield the powers ‘of the gov-
ernment. 1 his right, the citizeii’s right at. the
ballot box, is the first to be protected and secur-
ed, the last to be abandoned to neglect, and the ;
violations of it should be visited with severe
penal iiiflictious. It maybe sacrificed by entan-
sailed by bribery yind corruption, or worse than
annihilated by iiitiinidatioii or undue influence.
These subjects demand at all times the special
and vigilant attention of the Legislative Depart.-
meut, which can tilono correct the evil, if any
exist.
The Constitution of the State prescribes dc-
finitively the qualifications of elctors, and pro-
vides that the right of tlic elector shall be for-
felted only upon conviction of infmnous crime.
Persons having these quulificatioiis are entitled
to be admitted electors, and those once admit.
tcd are always electors, and entitled to exercise
the right while they reside within the State,
until convicted‘ of an intlnnous crime before a
lawful tribunal. The agents of the people who
assemble under a constitution in a legislative
capacity, can have no power, under any pl-e-
text, to take away, limit or abridge this right: of
the people defined and secured by the Congmu-
tion, or to prescribe any new qualification, ci-
any new indispensable requisite to be complied
with, previous to the day of eloct.iou, by the
Whole body of existing electors, before they can
choose, for example, those general officers of
the government which the same Constitution
provides shall be chosen by them. It deserves
serious consideration whether the present Reg-
istry Law does not in some measure conflict
With this gousjjitgtional provision.. It changes
entirely the ,qii__eation at the polls.. It is no lon-
ger tha constitutional enquiry, Is" he an elector?
but a-totally, difl'éi‘ent one, Is htz~_._r_' '° torrid?
Have oeitiiih-bflieers'- seen. fit to i'-‘.,2‘._ fer. his
.- ‘ i-
made the law on this iiiteresting subject. It may
jam satisfied that. every substantial benefit to be _
be one thing to-day, and another tliiiigto—iiioi'i'ow.
Edorivcd from a Registry Law, may be effectu-
lally secured by merely recording or checking lftlie trade is ]’l()l'1nllli(’—d one week, the estab-
jtlic names ofthe electors as they cast their votes lislimciiis of all or any one who may have cin-
lat the polls, leaving the question of their right- , barked in it, may the next week be broken up.
iful reception or rejection open at the time of vo- ‘, No reason need be assigned. N01‘ 0XP1fl_m|U0Ii
ltiug, and open to subsequent revision, as the law l given. U115 U10 “l0ll"°5 m“)' 1” l°°-i'3°'~l_ “P "1 the
has always stood until this recent innovation. breasts of these new law makers. If the cause
There is anorhci-subject connected with the , be this man's political scntiinonts, or that ii'ian‘s
freedom of elections, which demands the special ' religious seiitiincnts, or however flagrantly the
consideration ofthc Legislature. It: is very geu- . power may be abused, it is all the S21l1lC—-l'l1(-‘:l'e
orally believed, that a most repreliensiblo pr:ic- , can be no enquiry. The courts ofjiisticc \v0'uld
tico has recently grown up on the part. of some I IJIIVG 110 001111“ W01‘ 511950 130"’ l0gl5li1tlV0 Om"
‘employers of tlircatcniiig to dismiss persons in cors, but their arbit.rai'yBwill is the only rule of
mu tnis act of 1845, as
proiicliing election shall cast their votes accor- 3 if tilted to have every possible objection concen-
gdiiig to their own private views and seiitiineiits, trated in its pi'0ViSi0l1S. 361113111)‘. on the. face of it.
loud against the supposed interest of the einplov- 5 provides for the legal sanction of the trziflic in
l or. It is not my intention to direct this charge , wines and spiritous liqiiors, and takes care tliat
lagainst any particular‘ class of men, but ‘\‘\‘l‘l00\'l.*.t‘: those who cngiige in it. under a license may be ‘
jiiiiiyjustly fall within it, should he brought under‘, able to say to all objectois, “My business is
itlie dominion of criminal law. The elector is j sanctioned expressly by the law of the lane ."—-
. bound by an oath to the faithful discharge of his 9 Instead of being left open to the assaults of rea-
jduty. By the whole theory of republican gov- 3 son and argument, the triillic, when a license is
ieriiniciit, he, as one of the people, is to pass f graiited, is expressly upheld by positive law.
.upon all lim-5 and their iidmiiiistration. The \Vhat should we think of a criminal law proliib-
,'\Vl10lC9 country has it deep iritei‘c-st in the inde- I itiiig theft. under a severe penalty, and l;l.lell au-
pondcnt as well as intelligent exercise of the; tlioriziizg the board of select-men to license such
electoral franchise by every citizen in it. The as they saw fit, to conimit theft at pleasure ?
laws of this State have scdulously endeavored: "Would such n. law by its legal and moral influ-
to secure it, by denouncing as a crime, bribery} cnco tend to check the prevalence of crime, even
and every atteiiiptut bribery, and betting on the if no license should ever be granted ?
result of elections, and all undue influence in} The code of criminal law should be certain,
those modes in which it was most; likely, or f uniform, and universal, imposing one and the
known to be practised. This new mode is a f same rule of action upon every citizen of suffi-
coinpound of bribery, undue influence and in- l cient capacity to be responsible for his conduct.
one of too great importance and too great difficul-
ty, to be disposed of liastily at :1 Single session’.-
At the same time, it ought not to be lost sight of.
With great deference to conflicting opinions, it is
most respectfully submitted, that a just system‘
arlay.-ted to our wants, should be matured and pre-'
seated in the form of an act, and continued to the‘
next session of the General Asscmblv, with a
view to attract public attention and discussion,-
tliat the whole subject may then be disposed of,-
so as to secure the interests of the State, and the‘
equal rights of all.
There is another siibject which ought not to be
overlooked. The militia of the State, embracing
now about fifty tliousaud men», deserves the en}-
nest care and most favorable consideration of tlfc‘
Legislature. It is the militia, by which we are
relieved of the most formidable evil of standing’
armies. It is the army of citizen soldiers, by
which the country must be defended in war; by
which in peace the security of personal property;
the supremacy of law and order, are to _‘e fnain-‘
taiued. The fact of the existence of this organ-
iizerl body, ready to act, upon a legal call, at a
moment’s wariiing, to quell outbreaks of violence.
and to put down all resistance to the execution of
the laws, operates quietly, secretly, unheeded by
most, exerting a powerful and all-pervading influ-
ence in preserving the peace of society——n0t the‘
$'2,0'lL),05.').Ol , dividing the present year the sum
of $110,385, to 85,975 children between the age
of 4 and 16, furnishes strong evidence of a_. Just
public scntiment, which niaj; be safely relied on
for any wise and salutary legislation, in fu1'tlier-
ance lit‘ the great cause of education. The moa-
sure adopted a year ago, of creating a new oflice
of Assistant School Fund Commissioner, at the
salary of a thousand dollars per aunum, with his
expenses, seems not to have been deinandod by
exigencies of the public service. Neitlicr the
present distinguished and able Commissioner of
the Fund, nor his predecessor, in any official com-
munication, ever called for this assistance. The
monies of the Fund are not held by the Commis-
sioner. }Ic is neither the receiving nor the dis-
liuising ofliccr, but the Treasurer of the State is
the Treasurer of the Fund. It is the duty of the
Commissioner to see to the loans and securities.
These appear from documents on file in the ofiice
and a full statement of them is annually made
and submitted to the Legislature. There is prob-
ably as little occasion for an Assistant to look af-
ter the Cornniissioner of the School Fund, or to
qualify himself to succeed him, as in the case of
the Treasurer or Comptroller, or perhaps most
offices of the Government. I recommend the
abolition of this oflice, leaving, as heretofore, an
undivided responsibility.
The Connecticut State Prison has been con-
ducted with such admirable siiccess, ai to have
acquired tiic reputation both in this country and
abroad, of being a model prison for that species
of discipline which is practiced in it It is the
high ditty of the Legislature to see that nothing
occur which shall impair its reputation or its elli-
ciency. I would suggest that the Warden of the
prison should be required to settle his accounts
at .the Compti'oller’s oflicc. It is not now the
practice to do so, but it is not perceived how this
can be permitted, while the Constitution declares
-tiinidation, brought; to bear upon a sworn elector, If the not. prohibited be a crime, and punished as
- the more dangerous it would be likely to be both i a crime, it; should be a crime tlirougliout the ;
resorted to and submitted to by men who would} State, and no man should be able to escape the 9
spam in any other form, to offer or accept a; law, orbend it to his purposes. The judge who
bribe. And if the proprietors of an establish-§ may purchase and use oponlynnd freely the pro-
merit, employing several huridreds of workmcii, l liibited article without. lcgiil offence, ought. not to
that the Comptroller “ shall adjust and settle all
public accounts and demands, except grants and
orders of the General Assembly.” In conse-
quence of this practice. no account is to be found
of the iiffairs of the prison during the last fiscal
year, either in the oflico of the Comptroller, or
are to be considered its the proprietors of tliciif be able to ascend the bcncl and sentence a fol-,
l n 1 \ o ~ 0 o 9 o l
.votes, and when they purchase their labor for a , low citizen to imprisonmeiit, or uinerce him iiia:
that of the Treasurer, except the payment into
the latter ofiice the sum of .$'7,0L)-‘J.
This fund, derived from the labor of convicts,
peciiiiiaij coiisideintioii, ale to be COIlS1(lCl ed as V fine, for an act in \\l1l(,l'1ll(3 lllllleelf[)i1ltli,lpftl6(l, , should be regarded In some measure as a trust
ip1ll'Cl1H.Slllg for the same consideration tlicir! or which he l'iimsolfcoinmit.s every day with im-; fund’ for the disch,,,.5.e of those high duties of
trights as independent citizeiis at the ballot; box, , punity because he lives on the other side of an ,
iii wliiitcver iimnncr or under whatever color it: imaginary line. Such spectacles as those shock ?
liiiav be done, the evil is too intolerable to be per-E that just public sentiment which upholds all law, '
' mitted to exist in a free country. It is believed! civil and criminal, more effectually than the
that: if this offence is ever coiiiiiiitted by anyicombinod influence of all other causes. It fol-,
‘iinan of otherwise respectable cliaractcr, it is ' lows necessarily, as the result. in all such czisos, ‘
{done under the heated influence of llltltldelllllg: where the presumed rights of men are raslily in- ,
lparty excitement: and is necessarily by himself, ' terfcrcd witli,t.l1atthe law itself becomes a dead I
lin his sober senses, severely condemnctl. Let_ letter; and while on one hand the sober sense of_
‘the honest elector, who depends upon his daily 1 the couiuiunity is outraged, on the other the A
’liibor, or the support. of liimsclf and his family, ‘i sworn ofticers of the law are in danger oftam- 1
‘ought not, under any circuinstauccs to be placed poring with their consciences, in coriiiiving at its 1,
,in the prcdicaineiit of submitting to this liuiiiili:i- 5 open and not:oi'ious violation. ;
ltioii, or being turned with his family into tho! Isliould be guilty ofan unparclonablc oniissioii, ‘
zstrects. I recoinmcnd to your consideraion the were I not to add, that, in my jiiclgiiieiit, the act
passage of ii stringent law, which shall reach 1 in question is in conflict with the constisiition of the best known .dMe,.ia,30,, and remedy of the .
govciuimcnt, which partake lai'_;ely of the nature
of offices of humanity. Of this cliai':-.cter is the
education of the deaf and dumb, and of the indi-
gent deaf, dumb and blind, and the support, coin
fort and cure of the indigent: insane. And in re-
gard to all these classes of objects, the provision
should not be limited strictly to those who are in-
digent, but should be extended to those iamilcs
in moderate circumstzinces, wlzosc means are iii-
adcquate to sustain a 1'-el::tLvc at a public ll2Si.ll.'-.l-
Lion at the liigii 1';-itcs now usually cliaigcd. More
especially is it desirable that an ai'i‘a:i;;e:nciit be
made with the Retreat for the liisctiic, by which
the prices, otherwise Ili3iI‘.G:.‘$‘.‘.l‘ll.j’ high, should be
brought down within the coach of all stii';'ci'-era.
The idea is not to bo tclcrzited, that any coi'isider-
able iiuinb-oi‘ of persons are to be precluded from
_11nd I‘0m0<l,V 1110 CV”. and protect the citizen, in the U. S. It prohibits the sale of these articles “-01.5, of an maj,,d,e3._
‘wliatever condition he may be, in the enjoy-
ment of his just rights.
i At the Sitltle time, in order to secure, as far
as may be, equal and exact justice to all, it is
lliiglily necessary that the tribunal which in a
_incasurc acljiidiciitcs the political rights of all,
;should be so organized as to insure a fair hear-
l of cominercc, by the cargo, in t.lic original czisks, ;
l or in any quantity, and equally by the iixiportcr, I
Itliosc who purchase ofliim, andaill others. The
,constitutioii oftlic U. S. confers upon Congress
f the exclusive power to collect duties on iinports,
T (with ii slight. exception) and to i'ogiil:itc com-
Z iiicrce with foreign nations and bctwcoii the
The jlldl('.l‘.i.l. expenses for the past year, exciti-
sive of the salaries of the Jiidges have amounted
to the sum of .$'33,S)l1.‘?.2. This shows :1 iupitl
increase of this item of expenditure.
tention of the l.egislil'i.ire has been called to it by
my pi'cdeccs:sors more than once. It is believed
l’.ilLltlL1:l.'c‘ is room for the lllllltl of i-cl'<.i'm. I would
su-gzggst that alaiv be passed, providing that in
;ing and_tlic utmost iii‘ipui't.ialily. This gi'c:it;;sovci'al states and with the Indian tribes. Tlicsc ,,H,,_.,,j3 ,_., C,.;n,,,,,,1 C336,,’ the 1,, P ‘.31 ,,my be ,.1_
and desirable object cannot be l1CC011)pl.lSllCtl as well known articles of coniiiicrcc are introdizced , c,_,1_cd 0-,, I-,,,_.,-,,,e,,t 01- [ha mm ,,,,,_1 cost, be,-,,,.e the
long as parties exist; in this free country, with-
out providing for ll. rcprcseiitatiori of the minor-
ity, on the constitutional board for the admis-
:sion of electors. I therefore recommend to
your most favorable COllSl(lel'allOll, llio passage
fofa law, limiting the number of select. men in
each town to six, (or such other coiivonionr.
iiumber as tho Lcgislziturc. may prescr’.lic) and
providing that in their choice such elector shall
:,deposit a ballot containing four nauics only, and
that the six having the greatest: number of votes
shall be declared clcctcd. This would secure
ito the ininority in every town the voices of at
Jlcast two me.nibers of this importuiit board, to
; be heard wliencvcr 0ppl‘eSSl0ll, injustice or par-
',t';iil'ity should be practised.
f Irocommeiid also a modification of the law
by which provision is made for the election of
ireprcscntatives on the second Monday of April
2 first Monday. The 2d election should be on the
',(lay following the 1st. Monday. The electors are
present, and those. who have returned home for
the purpose of exercising their right can more
conveniently attend on that day than the Mon-
day following. There will be less room forin-
trigiic, and especially those influences from
abroad, which ouglitiiot to be ccuntenanccd.
At the last session of the General Assembly
an act was passed pi'ohibiting the sale of wines
and spiritous liquors as a crime, and aut.hoi'ising
commissioners to license the prohibited traffic at
their pleasure.
It is most deeply to be regretted that any
thiiig should occur, huviiiga tendency in the least
degree to prejudice the cause of temperance,
or to hinder the lab orsof thos ewho are engaged
in effecting it most beiiificciit. refoi'iiiat,ioii. The
associations which have been formed, under
whatever name, to dovolope a strong public
opinion on this subject, to guard against the ter-
rible evils of intempei-mice, and to lift up the
fallen brother and shield. him. against the harsh
severity of that false sentiment which formerly
prevailed, are entitled to the warm approbation
and zealous co-operation. of all true-lieiirtetl
men. Those societies were formed upon the
voluntary principle. They took tlieliigli ground
0f “l’Pf3i1ling to the uiideistanding, to’ convic-
tions ol duty, to the sympathies of our nature,
to the best sentiments of. the llllmt1l)‘miud;. and
they have not appealed in vain to-those elements
of more than legal power;
'Sinc'e'thc repeal of i
iiiindcr the sanction of laws of Congress, and pay
; duties to the govoruinoiit. 'T‘lie Suprciiic Courtf
;of the U. S. have declared in the case 0fBi'own ‘
the State of Mai'_yland. that both the revc-3
‘ true power and the power to regulatecommerce, '9
f carry with them the riglit of sale. It. is obvious ;
' that, \vil.hout it, these C‘.SS(‘.lll;lill powers of Coii- '
lgrcss would be annihilated, and we should be‘
; carried back to the old confeclciation. Nor has _
‘ a state the power to decide ngainstCongi'css tliat
' the introduction or sale of any one aiticlo is pre-
judicial to the true interests oftlie State ; 1'oi'if_.
» it were so, the decision oftlie State would be?
', filial, and the power could be oxtciicded to every 3
l lll‘l.iCle of coiiimorce. This State, and any other 2
iniiglit prohibit. the sale of all foreign articlcs——-
: the sugars of Louisiaiiu, the cotton of S. Caro-
lina, the wlicut. of Michigan, and tho woollens
and cottons of Miissacliusetts. The prodiicts of
slave labor iriiglit be iiit.ei'dictcd at the North,
the presumed products of a protective tariff
might be intcrdictcd at the South. Every arti-
clc the growth or manufacture of this State,
linight be intci'dictc.(l in every other State of the?
Union. Nor can the riglit of sale be limited to‘-
thc importer, for if it were so, the States could
substzuitially annihilate the revenue of the fede-
ral governiiient, and all foreign and domestic
comnicrco. It is idle and worse than idlc.to
suppose that the supremacy of the powers of
Congress, expressly conforrctl by the Const.it.n-
tion. can be crippled by State laws; or that; no
not of this state in conflict with that instrument,
should be permitted to remain upon the statute
book.
If there be any act, which is wrong in itself and
which rises to the magnitude of an offence a-
gainst the public, let it be denounced and punish-
ed as a crime. \Vlietlier flit‘. act of selling in-
toxicatiug drinks to habitual inebriiitcs—t'he act;
of keeping a disorderly house or shop, the resort
of the vicious for the purposes of excessive in-
dulgencc-.—thc act of keeping a store or shop in
which the inteinperate, or minors, or apprenti-
ces are supplied with the intoxicating draught,
and other acts of like character, which may be
specifically defined, be not; grcvious offences a-
gainst the good order and happiness of society
richly deserving to be visited wit_h theterrors of
criminal law, in the estimation of the whole
community,'is submitted to your careful and de-
liberate consideration.
Thécducation of youth in a. free state, .is ever
i
' March last—tlic close of the fiscal yc2ir—was, by
ses.-zit-ii oi’ the Court to whicli the appeal is taken,
without any expense in that court. Iwould also
suggest that tlicp1'e:;eiit law be soanieiided, tint
wlicii the expenses of keeping a prisoner have
been once paid by his labor, they be not paid over
agaiii by the State. This is a heavy cliaifigc upon
the 'l'rc:isui'y. I would also rc.:om:n.-iid tllut. the
trial of all oilcrices be tr.iiisferre:l from the Supe-
rior to the County Court. except sucli as require
the intervention of a Grand Jury, and that the
sevcriil County Courts be required to hold, as of-
ten as in their judgment the public interest would
be promoted by it, special sessions of general
gaol delivery, for the more speedy trial of offend-
ers. This incasure, if faithfully executed, would
diminish pul.-lic expense, facilitate the progress
of civil trials, relieve suitors of some portion of
the law’s dcl-.i_v, and take from the Superior Court
a fraction of the undue share of the public busi-
ness now thrown upon it. Fiiially, the whole
subject should be looked into fully and thorough-
ly, with a view to detect error, extravagance, or
abuse, wherever it may be found,_ and to apply to
it an effectual remedy.
The balance in the Treasury on the 31st day of
the Comptroller’s account, $»'1~l_.'7U«l.73. By the
Treasurer’s account it is stated to be Q-;-'17,0';U.8'3.
The apparent discrepancy is occasioned by two
orders, amounting to the sum of $§"2,31o'.U9, issu-
cd by the Comptroller, on the 31st of March, for
expenses of the year ; which were not presented
at the Treasury, until the first day of May, and
were therefore not carried into the Treasurer’s
account. The true balance therefore is, that al-
ready stated of 1-1,704.73; while the balance at
the cominenccinent of the year Was, $‘3-3:400-S9.
showing an expenditure during the year beyond
the income, to the amount ot'.,"-,=1U,=39t3.1l‘.i. There
is also a further charge against this ‘reduced bal-
mice for the expenses incurred during the past
yearin executing the Statistical Law of the last
session. It is impossible to estimate. with any
great accuracy, what the amo_unt of this charge
will be, but it will very considerably reduce the
balance in the 'l‘reasui-y, and it will probably be
necessary to borrow money in order to pay the
debenture and contingent expenses of the pres-
ent General Assembly. These, without other
circumstances, will put it out of your power to
meet the public demands upon your legislation,
in as full and ample a manner as you might oth-
erwise have done, at least without expending the
permanent funds of the State, involving it in
debt, or increasing the State tax—either of which
latter measures you. will belittle inclined to adopt.
While it has been the policy of this State to
practicean enlightened economy, to - establish-a-
permanent fund for the supportof. itagoverninent,
The at- '
.less valuable because not often seen in the exer-'
l cise of physical force. Fr r such an object, in an
,enli_«_:htencd community, it is needless to bcspeak
legislative favor. ’l'lic State of Connecticut has
!just reason to be proud of her militia, which is
,su;-itainetl more by the power of public sentiment”,-
l than by favor of the laws. If there be any rea-
lsouable provision, by which the soldier may be‘
[relieved of an uiiiiecessary burden, by which the
iofiicer can be more tliorouglily—di'illed and in-
jstructcd, or by which the organization of this err-
, rolled army can be_i-endei-ed more complete and
5 perfect, you may rest assured of my most hearty
l concurrence in the adoption and execution of the
; measure.
The banks of this state are believed to be in a
sound condition. They were released in 1844 of
no inconsiclerable share of that stern and rigid su-
pervision which the state had exercised over them
since the year 1837. In my view, no circumstan-
ces, however prosperous, can justify the relaxa-
tion of that supervision. The very existence of
it prevents the iniscliiefin advance, and nip.-1 the
evil in the bud. As long as these banks exercise
the high soverci}.:n power of furnishing the prac-
tical currency of the people, the Government can-
not be justified in a languid or careless oversight
of them.
I pass from our domestic affairs, to others equal-
i_v interesting to us in our relations with the fed-
eral governmeiit. It is not improbable that the
tarifl‘ act of 1842 will be modificdbcfore the close
of the present session of Con_r_:res.=i. This will
necessarily present to your consideration, a sub-
ject of great magnitude, upon which the voice of
this commonwealth as one of the sovereign States
of the Union and possessing a large interest in
the question, is entitled to be heard through the
action of her Legislriture.
I have too great confidence in the wisdom and
justice of Congress to believe, that any great
change in the rates of duties, affecting large in-
vestments of capital, induced by the existing law,
will be hastily made, without giving fair and rea-
sonable opportunity to capital and labor, by a
gradual operation, to adjust themselves quietly
to the new state of things. This would both
li:i7.ard the permanent success of the measure.
and be exceedingly unjust towards great national
interests,\vhicli ought not to be subjected to chan-
ges great and sudden, without urgent necessity.
On the other hand, it is higlily important to the
people of this state, and especially to the class of
manufacturers, that we should not listen to blind
clamor, or shut our eyes to the acknowledged
facts which must control this subject, lest ‘we
should lose what is fairly within our reach, by
g1':lSpln_‘,' at what is beyond it.
It is vain to suppose that the people of this
country will not disc;-i'n and believe that a tariff
of iliitics is but a list of taxes, as much so as if
,they were paid to a lezzil officer at the heel of a
tix warrant; or that the policy of high taxes can
ever be a favorite or popular policy with the
5 _r.:re:it body oftho people: or that they should be
-‘willing that taxes should be levied upon them,
which do not go into the public treasury, but in-
to the pockets of a particular class for the pun-
pnse of sustaining the business of that class.-
j These propositions, it is believed, are too clear
and manifest to be brou zlit into doubt or question
by any person of ordinary intelligence, whatever
1 :33 '.vis.ies may be. On the other band also, there
. arc propositions equally clear, and the policy of
i protecting our homo iiiterest.-i to a just and rea-
Esoriiililc extent, reviewed in its true light, may
; be plic-2:1 upon solid and’ permanent grounds,
‘ which may safely defy the utmost; power of rea-
, son and :ir__r;iiment to overthrow them. _
_! The poop e of his country must pay taxes to
7 the amount of twenty-five millions of dollars an-
nually for the support of Government. Tliat
(llTlOll‘.ll'. must be paid int.) the National 'l're:i.sury;
g and it must be pziicl, in some form,by the-people.
It is not a qiicstion of policy oripolitical sciczice,
, whctli-:2‘ these taxes shall be paid‘, but a. mattci"of
Eunavoidible necessity; and if they are w.1n’ced,
as (loiibtless they are, for the economical admin-
; istration of the government, the people are will-
ing, and ever will be willing to hear them, great
fas the sacrifice may be. By universal consent,
these taxes are levied upon foreign imports, and
-if they are levied, by a strictly revenue tariff.
upon foreign articles which comeiin competition
with those of our own growth and’ manufacture,
then our home interests have an incidental pro-
tection or advantage to the extent of twenty-five
millions of dollars annually. This protection or
advantage is, beyond all doubt, amply sufficient
for all the great interests of the country, in any
manner dependent upon a tariff of duties. Here
is solid ground to rest upon. Here is a permanent
basis for permanent legislation, at least for a per-
manent course of policy which will ensure as
much stability to this branch’ of legislation, as the
nature of the subject will admit, and will have a
powerful tendency to'guai'd against those sudden
and frequent legislative vascillations from which
the dependent interest, at all times, suffers so
deeply By procuring a tariff of duties adjusted
upon this basis, our interests will be secured. By
pushing beyond this point of incidental protection,
by pressing for a tariff which is not, in its essen-
tial fcatu_rcs, a revenue tariff, or for duties which
are prohibitory, or may be justly said to partake
largely of that character, we put in imminent
jeopardy the otherwise attainable interests of the
manufacturers and all others in a like condition.
I shall not enter into the question whether any
greater practical modification of the principle of
free trade than _a tax of twenty-five millions upon
foreign imports, or whether any greater division’
of capital and labor than would be produced by it
from the employments which they would other-'
wiso seek as most profitable, would or would not
be, upon the just principles of political science,
any thing put evil. But there is a great an'dio,b~'
vious objection to a duty not laid for revenue, but
which is laid for mere protection by a virtual-
prohibition or exclusion, total, perhaps, of the
article taxed, which cannot‘ be and ought not to
into the public treasury, but into the hands of the
berietitted class; while-_ the people, having once
paid 1t. are taxed over again to supply the.amou_nt'
thus secretly diverted from its proper destination.
The objection, wherever it appljes, seems upjan-1
needs”-only to -be -detected, in order to be con-
I94‘2‘nf all'lnws‘oa' tbe‘-Tm,ibject,- e.xc:.-ptirhe tar-
. . - ' . - v
a subject of m_omqntous interest. Here we lay
/
and a permanent" fund. for ma. snpport of its
4
damned Such an» undue“ advantage :b'y" ligiiila-
tion ought not to_be seughtby "u-;i°‘over' 'our"cciun-‘-
».«;» r -. .'--.- ~. ' ....
be overlooked, namely, that the tax does notrgo ~
I
swerable. The proceeding is an unjust one, an -
Norwalk Chronicler