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NUMBER 2'78--NEVV
N/\./\/‘V:/\/xxx/\/\/\/x/xz
SE RIE S.
Published Every Vved-txiie-sday Morning, ‘by JAMES REED, at Two. Dollars Per Aiinum in Advance.’ office 0-, Hoyt-S Doék “-
. H ' ’
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NORWALK, CT. NVEDNES-DAY, MARCH 12, I845.
'i‘ei'mis of the Gazette.
Village Sitb:sci'ibcrs by C:ll‘l‘it‘:‘l‘--pel'yCtl1'. .- 00
Mail do in advance, do do. . - . . 00
Qliice SlIl)5C1‘tiJel'S,. or those living out of the
N)
Can-i~icr’sdistrict,and who call. for their pit-
pcrs at the 0fiiCi':.. -~ . . . . . . _ . . . _ _ _ _ . _ . , , _ . 1 50
Compaiiies of or more receiving their pa-
pcrs by iuiiil, ifpzud in u.'.l\'il.])CC-. _ 1 50
Rates of Ach'e:i-tisiiiag.
One sqttai'e—IGliiies or l7.lt{ICl'--1 iiisei'tioii.- . 0 75
Two iu:~'ertioiis . _ . _ . . . _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 0 37
'1‘tx»-eem-emoixs ...................... .. 1 on
Each l't,)llo\viiig iiisertion _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _j_ _ _ _ _ 20
F.xeciit_oi'_s and Atliuii1isti'utor’s Notices. .- - - - I 00
Coiiiiiiissioiiei-’snotices _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 1 Q5
(zuardiaii, Divorce, and other notices . . . . _- . 1 00
the square.
Yearly mlVet'ti-‘et's. on square, ........... . .10 00
payable ([I‘ltl.l‘l:P..l‘l_y'. The privilege of _veii1'ly ad-
vertisers is limited to their own iinuiedizite btisi-
riess.
’(;‘dSllZll t1(IV'el'ii.<t“.mCl1tS sent to this Office. MUST iii-:
-.LCCO.\!I‘A.\'Il'2l) or Tut: CASH T0 I.\‘SL'Rl<2 ixsi-:n'i'io_-,-
JOB PRINTING,
OF
A L L K 1 N D s ,
Executed at the Gazette Oflicc.
fiiieap
Tire
7 ‘Willi subscriber liatiiig just rctiirnctl from
IN:-.\\ \ orlt, to now opciiiiig, and is pre-
c:_.
\'<‘r_v larpte and well §(:lt?(.'lL‘(l assorinicnt of
Drugs. Mvtlit-iiics. Cll(‘n1l('t'il$. _
brii.-lies. l)_\e Woods and Dye Sit.-ifs. 'l‘iie
entire sior k ofiliis CSlUlJll.~‘ltl'!l€'-DI has beeii put‘-
cliasetl at Iltt‘ l0\\'r‘sl itiarkei prices, for Cash
only. and all of \‘.'ltl( h are direct from the im.
lH'llt"l”Stll‘ltl iiiaiiufacturci"shands; he tlir-r.-for
{latte-rs iiiii'i.-cfftliai no uric can ('ttt!l[t(3lC Wltlt
liitii, citiicr iii qiiuliiy or pI'ici=. Every article
will meet with the strictest {‘XElf'i’llllillittl]. and on
article of :.n inferior quality will be ci lici
bougilit or sold.
E’l:;v'siciaita’s K’!’€§(’.l’§]l.EI:(’.I‘t'.S \\ill rc-
Ct‘l\’t: Illa most careful alltttlltifl at all hours of
the day and night.
To those with have formerly patrrinizoil tliis
95l3l’l|SlllTlt’lil. ilir-. .~iil».~r~rtbci' rcnilcrs his sin
(‘W8 lltatilis. and thinks from his late arrange-
tttfittl he \\Ill be able to render sari.-fziciioii to
all those who \\l.~.‘lt to buy good articles at low
piireil ioofl-r on iinosually itivitiiig terms it»
l’t-rl'itincrv,,
P:'esideiut’_s Iaiirnirgrtirai Address.
l‘-iarcli 4. 18-15.
= I"ell0~w Citizcrts .=—-Wiiliont solicitation
on my part, I have been CIIOS: n by the free-
,nnl voluntary suffr:i_g_3es or try countrymen
_l0 tl‘ae'uiost lii>:.~or:ililt- and !l'iO>l rcsponsiblv
loflice on earth. I am rlt-t-ply iiiipi'essr'd ivith
:J'fillllllCl-‘.“ for the C0i.Il(I('nCt‘ l‘(-’p).'~'t-(I ,in Int‘.
ll-lonored w.tli this fllSlll‘tf__7lJi-lltfl coosi:leia-
il.l()f) ulatic':1i'liet‘petin(l of life than arty of
my prt-dectssors, I ceiituot disgiiise the diffi-
tl~ are with which I am about to enter on the
tlisclnirge of my ofliciil tluties.
lfthc more aged and (’Xp9l"I!‘flCC‘(I men it ho
have filled the office of PltSiLli nt of the U
uiti-d Sl.rIIt_‘:’~', even in the: iohincy of the r--
public, fliSll'l}Sletl the-ll‘ aliiliiy to (.llSCll?ll'$__"t‘
ilie dnti~s of that (‘X-tliril station, wlzat
niiglit not to be the iipprcbr-iisions of one so
much younger anti less c'!ltll)\‘.’t‘(l, now that
our dotnairi extends from ocean to ocean.-
that our people lI.'l\.'t-' so gl't‘iill}' illCl'f’fl*‘(-‘(I in
numbers, and at a time wlo-ti so ,r3i‘r«at divor-
si:_v ofopiiiion prevails in icgairil to the prin-
ciples and policy which should chiiractciize
the atliiiitiistratioii of our govt-runit-tit?
JUHN A. \\'t;i~;u.
ATTENTION Tiiit itiiotiti
‘THE Citizms (the Lailiesiu pariicuiii) of N-irw all: and viciiiiiy, are hereby iiuiilietl that
I have this day received inv firs! invoice of‘
to vtiliirtlt their att‘.‘t‘:Iion is respectfully iuvitr.=rl.
Country Merclitittts who have licrr-ioforc so freely favored me with their nrtlprg, are i,.f},rm,-,1
that I hone receiiily fiiiced up my l-Vale Ram
and now invite their inspection ofniy New Stock.
Rein grleieriiiirietl to sustain niy,t-nv1ir=d rt=potaiion of sclliiig the best, Cheapest and
Most Dry Goods ofanv l\'I‘3rchant in It airfietl Coiir-.t_\,'. no trouble or expense will up wiilihr,-l.l
,0 reader the visits of my friends lJt)llt]7f€(lS(I'Il[ anctfprr,-/ilulife to them.
Gentlerizien will find it to their interest to e.'a'flll'lillC in t - - 4'
ynew an compels assori..eut o.
Haiidsome Spring 9
which are believed to be the best ever ofI'cred n
Norwalk. March 4. 18-15.
_ _ ' I).‘ll"jl('Ult'll‘ care will be li id to purchases, and
Fresh supplies constantly receive-.5, as the wants of my custoiiiers may require.
with direct rcfercncc to.tlicir accoiiiiiioiiaiioti,
Eotlis cfi ®=.:tssimei°es
C. J. GRUMAN.
this market.
€'~t°ocf.:crgy.
Fine assortment received this day at
L. Ct.Ant(’s.
Flor Jvew Foals.
_. VVlN'l‘E{?. A|‘i'allgCln0l3t
,, —'l‘lie sloop Julia, Capt. Grunt-
m.'in,will leave the landing at Five
l,--« . . , ,
.-. _' Mile River. on lttesday Jun. 7th
ISL-5, and again on Ttiiirsday January 17th and
will continue to make her Trips in about 10
days until tiirtlicr notice. \-V C SAMMIS.
Fla 2' Nettie To Pk.
The slonps Mary A. Sclleck
and Domestic. will leave the dock
\Vesl side the l3ri-‘lgfi. alternately.
every Tueszlay, and New ‘York
lay or Friday. until further nnliC9,l
Norwiilk. Dec. 1544-. N SELL]-ZCK. f
) ERFU.YI2l3H{Y.—'I‘tie clicapest lot oft
- perf'umr.:ry fattcyartit.-lcs die ever before
offbreal in Norxv.-ilk can he found at l3issELr.s.
New Stand !
T HE subs.-cribrrr has taken the
Sliopjust north oftlie Drug Store of
.lohu A. \Veed, formerly occtipied
by D. H. Fergiisi-iii, and comment-ed
ilie biisincsofa Cabinet lllaker.--
The public are therefore irtformed llml he is
ready to exccuie all orders in his line, either for
new work, or mpairiiig. on is favorable terms,
and in as neat and worltmuulilie manner as any
of his coiettipora rice.
Chairs ofall kinds, l3edstc..:ids.Stanrls. Tilltlfl“
Book Cases, Sol‘-as, and all other (l('£S(_‘l'l[illt)n.~
of Cabinet \Varc. made at the shortest notice if
not on hand, at New York prices.
Collins furnished at short notice.
GEORGE BA'I"1'l£LSON.
Norwalk, Felt-. 1.1545.
P. S. iedstead tiiribcr and halfiuirh Vvliiie
wood stuff, wanted in exchange for furniture.
'1‘.voj-iurneymen wanted inimcdiately. G. B.
r"
'-. s
“All Ashore, Thavs Going.”
HEN Ilicard that, I dirl’rit know what
‘they meant by it—wlir-rilicr they intend-
ed to say all ashore that intend l0 go in the boat
and haint got no money to pay their fare. No
matter. the boat. is off. The next thing we
hear. is, “call at the Captain‘s office and settle
your fare,” But what Iwant to say. is. that
1 have poi my Books posted. and all tirade out
and ready to receive the little balances due me
for last year. and before. Now my fricncls. yoit
are so iiunieroos, that I am afraid I shall not
have time to call on all of you. and I hate to
hire a man to collect for me. because they are
apt to be a little saucy, and act like an ossifer.
for then you would be afIrmiied,and think it
bad usage, Now to avoid all this difficulty
and expense. please call at the Captain's office
when you are here in town, and have your
accounts balanced on the books. ready to start
all new again, and oblige _\'our old friend and
servant, NOAH SELLECK.
Norwalk, Feb- 4- 1845-
Dr. BANNING’s PATENT LACE.
HIS Invaluable Instrument fortlie cure of
clironic diseases of the trunk, is now for
sale at the following prices by the subévtlbefi
It is warranted to relieie for $15-
or the money will be refunded: am?!’ ‘he ‘rial
has been made, zfitfails.
It is for sale at 310, without a warranty.
Call and see. A. HILL.
Norwalk. February 10. I845. ' ‘*7
UNS! Guns! !—Real Stub and Wire
‘ twist donb,leba,rreiguns; Imitation do _
do do . do._ Fiueand low pri-
ced smgie bar;-el guns, just received and for
N. Y. & Itlarlem R.-.ii'ih'o:ul.
xv @334
lfllfllfi Road was opened for travel on the
733th rtfficmtzcr in \Vh'iie l’talns,a dis-
tance of 261, miles. '.l‘lie \Vcsicliester trains
will run four times a day each way, as follows;
Leaving City Hall for Harlem, (l25ih street)
Morrisana, Forilliarri,\Villiam's Bridge, Under-
liill’s "w:itl.'l‘iickahoe. ll2iri's Corners, .sa\\’hitc
PlaEns—7,{. A M N); A M 1 I’ M 3 I’ M.
Leave White Plains for City flall—S A Iii
1IAMlgPM4I’.M.
The \Vcsicliesie.rtrains will stop only after
leaving the City Hall at the corner of Iiroome
st. and the Bowery. Vaiixliall Garden and 27th
st. Ancxtra car will precede czicli train 10
minutes before the time ofstariing from the City
flail and will take tip [)2lSSCUf_€l'5 along the litre.
I’[dI‘fCIIl,.--EXUE] trains for Harlem and inter-
mediate places:
L've(JiiyHall for I-Iarlcin-Ilarlein for CityI-Iall
9 A M 8 A M
10 _ A M 10 A M
2 I’ M II A M
4 30 P M 3 P M
5 30? M
\Vhite Plains Nov. 12 184-1. 46
ENTAL Srn'gery.—A. H ill, Denial
Siirgcoii, ollers his services to the public
in every Llt‘.ji€ll‘llT](’.t‘ll of'Di3rita| Surgery.
Otiice as licretofore. in Burrall’s Buildings.
Rafe-rcncss-—J A. l\'1’Lcan. M. D; lra Greg
lry, M. D; Hon. T. 6. Butler; I‘I0l'l.Bt~:l1_j.
osriacs; l{ev.:Dr Mcatl; Rev Edwin Hall; Rev
G N. Slttlllt.1\'0‘I"lU(?f/C. Nclieniiithl’crry,l\l.D.
i.’2'(/crgfrclcl. R . B. Butt sford , M. D.Da7ibury.
.\lr.l~.lowol llltirlgors Colc/Lester. Wm Witter,
M. D . ll7iff2'mtz72£ic. Ct .
Teeth ! Teeth E!
' I R. Easton, Surgeon and Mechanical
- Dentist. (Ollice opposite Jziiiies Mallory
66 Co.) takes this opportiininity, after returning
We-ll may the bold:-st f--or and the vuist-st
tremble, whvn incurring responsibilities on
which may (It'p(-‘Dd our country's peace and
prosp--riiy, and in some dt-,_qret= the hopes and
hiippine-ss of the whole horn in family,
to assuming rcsponsibiliti.->s so vast, I for
\'(~'tilly invoke the all of that Aliuightv Ru-
ler of the unive-rsc, in whose l'ltll.'(lS- aft: the
tlt-stiuics of nations and of turn. to guard this:
ht-:ivon favort-d land agaiiist. the miscliit-fs
which, ivithr-ut His guitliiice might arise
fro.-n an unwise public policy. V-Vitli 2] firm
reliance upon this iv isrloin 0fOlUnlpOlf’UC(’ to
sustain and direct Hit‘ in the pith of duty
wl.ich I am appointccl to pursue, l'staud in‘
the presence of this ass-'-mblel multitude of
in v countryrticn, to lake upon myself the
solemn obligation, "to the b»-st of my ability
to preserve. protect, and (It’f‘Ul.l the Constitu-
tion of the Uniicd S ates.”
A concise enurneiation of tho principles
which will guide me in the adiiiinstriitivc
policy of the governmvnt, is not only in ac-
cordance with the examples set in» by all my
predecessors, but is eminently befitting the
occasion.
The constitution iist.-lf, plainly written as
it is, the safeguard of our f--dciattive compact
the offspring of concession and compromise-,
binding together in the bonds of peace and
union this great and increasing family of
free and iridcpcndt-nt statt--s, will be the chart
by \\hlCl'i I shall be directed.
It will be my first care to administer the
goverrirncnt in the true spirit of that instru-,
ment, and to assume no po.-vets not expressly
granted or clearly implied in its terms. The
government of tho UnitedStutes is one of del-
cgated and limited powers; and it is by ab
staining from the exercise of doubtful or an-
authorizrd implied poiici‘.-, that we have the
only sure gtiaianty against the rccurrcnceof
those unfortunate collisions between the Fed-
eral and state authorities, which have occa-
sionally so much disturbed the harmony of
our system, and even threatened the perpetu-
itv of our glorious Union.
I ‘To the Stat:-s respectivt-ly, or to the pct)-
ple,‘ have been reserved "the powers not del-
--gattd to tho Unite-cl Sllllt-‘S by the Constitu-
tli7n,l)0l‘ pl'()l]ll'Jllt-‘(l by it to the States.’-—
Ezich State is a complete sovereignty within
the sphere of T8Sf'I‘\'t~(I powers. The gov-
ernment of the Uriioti, acting within
the sphere of its r.'t-It-gate.-il authority, is also
it complete sovereignty. While the Gt-neral
Goverrimt-nt should abstain from the exercise
ofauthority not clearly rlelegiited to it, the
Sl‘(l'.t‘SSI)Olll(I be equally cart-ful that, in the
tflttinlen-tnCr' of their rights, they do not over
SIPP the lllIll'.S-Of powers reserved to them.
One of the most distinguished of my prede-
CtSS0l‘S attached di-sr-rved importance to "the
support of the State Governments in all their
rights, as the most competent adrniuistrritiori
for our domestic conct-rus. and the surest
bulwark against anti republican tend:-ncies ;'
h--l.l from the Federal g'0\el‘[.fn9n[ by the
Constitution. [he lheofv of our Govern.
ment, majorities rule; but this right is no;
flft itfblltaty or uriliiriitid one. It is it right
-titutidh, and in coriforinity to it
ohjt-ctvofthc Constitution was to re strain ma-
j-tl'lllt‘i~‘ from 0ppl‘t’$Sln,’I lllID(tl'lll(’_~‘, or cu-l
Cl‘01l(Tl"ltlg' upon tht-ir just rir__vhts. Minori-l
llt'S l1-'l\'t‘- 3 right to appral to the Constitutionl
as a sliicld agiiiist such oppression.
Thtt the blessings of lib- rty which our
Constitution secures may be enjoyed alike by l
iriinoiiti-s and iri:-joritivs, the Exccutivc has
liter! ivtscly invcstetl with a qualified V110:
upon the acts of the l gisltruri-. Ii isn neg-‘
ntivc poivt-r, and is C0l'lS(‘l'VtlllV6' in its char-‘
aa-iei'.' It arrosts for the time. h:.st_v. incon-
.-:ide-riitc, or iiiit-on.-tiiiitional lcgislation; in-,
viics ft“COl’tSl(.lt'l't‘lllt‘l'l, and ti:ir:sft-is qiiestioiis;
at is=fle b€l.\’.'(‘(‘Il the Legislative and Exvcu-E
tive t-pirtint-his to the liibuual of the people’
Lilteall other pmcrs it is subject to be a-
busr dL \Vht-n jiidicioiisl.y and propvrlyl
excrc ed, the CUflSllll)tlttI‘l its.--lfmav be sa-
v--d_ fifirii iriiracticu, and the rights ofall pri-
servoj and p_‘0tect- d,
'."h,i- int-siiinablc value of our ft'(I(‘l'fll Uti-
ittl‘. is,Ff-ltanrl i1Cl\'I')()\\lt‘(_lg(‘(I by flll. By
this sgstvni of united and ,C'.tlll.' dr-i'atc Suites,
our pf-ople are pt'l'rnll[t;’Ll,.COllt:'Cl.l\‘t-'ly and in-
divitliiiilly to seek ll'I(-‘ll’ own happiness in
ihcirbwn Way; pad the conseqnt-rice-s havi-
been most auspicious. Since the Unit.n was
formtd the number ofstates has incre sod
from ltliirtecn to tivruty t-ight,; two of thesi-
havetiikcn their position asincrubers of thr-
conl}dei'acy within the last wet-l.'. Our pop
ulataiion has increased from three to twe-iity
ttillllDl’l3. New comiiiuiiiiics and Sfati s are
stvclcing protection undvr its aegis, and multi-
tud;-s from the Old \\"orld are flocking to
our shorts to participile in its blcs:ings.—
B-~nl-nth its benign sway, peace and yrosper
ity jlrcvail. Frtctl from the buril--ris and
I]llS€Ilt'S of war. our trade and intercourse
have (‘Xlf'l'l(It'f.l tliroughonglit the \\Ofl(I.-—
‘Mind no longer tasks.-d in devi:ing means to
accomplish or rcsist schemes of ainbititin,
usurpzitioii, or citiiqiiest. is devoting its--lfto
miin’s true inter’:-sts in deivt.-lolpiiiig his facul-
ties and powers. and the capacity of naturi-
to niiriistt-r to his t-‘t‘tjn_vmt‘nlS. Genius is f.'€(‘
to arinounce i's It‘t\'t‘ltll0nS and discoveries;
aridihe head is free ioat-coinplish -tihatevvi
the timid conccivt-s, riot ltlC()mpt1lll)lL‘\\’itllll)P
riglits of a .'ellow-be-ins. All distinctions of
birth or of rank have been abolished. All
citizens, wliethtr native or adopted, tlfe plu-
ced upon terms of pTt'L'lSt‘ cqualily. All art-
9nli!lQ_i_J to equal rights and equal protection
No"ubion cxi.-ts betwo-'cn church and state;
and perfect frm-dom of opioioii is granted to
sects and crccds.
These are some nfthn. blessings securrd
to our happy land by our federal Union. To
perpetuate them, it is our sacrt d duty to pro-
pro.-serve it. Who shall as.-ign limits to the
acliinvcincnts of free minds and free h ands
under the protvction of this glorious Union?
N()tF€ilSOn to mankind since the orgunizt
tion of society. would be fq')f1l in atrocity
to that of him who would lift his hand to d--
stroy it. He would overthrow the noblest
structiire of hum--n wisdom, which protects
himself and his ft‘lI0\V man. He would stop
the progi‘.-s of frt-c govcrnnivnt, and involve-
his country (’lllit'l' in anarchy or despotism.
He would extinguish the fire of liberty
which worms and animatcs the hearts of
happy millions. and invites all the nations of
the earth to imitate our cxample. If he say
thiit error and wrong are committed in the
adtiiiitistration of the ,Q‘0V(‘l’nfl’t(?Ili, let him rc-
member that notl'iin_<_r human can be perfect;
and that under no other system of govern.
ment l‘t‘V8'ulPd by Heaven, or devised by man
I1‘-IS reason bet-u alloivrd so free and broad a
scope to combat error. Has the swords of
despots proved to be it safer or surcr instru-
mrnt. of reform in government, than enlight-
ened reason? Dtvs he expect to find among
the ruins of this Union a llappiet‘ abode for
our swarming millions than they now have
audio the ‘preservation of the general Gov-
ernment in its whole constitutional vigor, as,
the sheet anchor of our peace at home, and;
Safety abroad.’ l
To the Government of the United Siatt-sl
has been intrusted the exclusive Hlf)l'lt'lgt’lDL’fil.
of our Foreign AfIilIl‘S. Beyond that it
from New York, to tender his thanks to his nu-
merous patrons. in Norwalk and vicinity for,
their prompt calling and custom (say iioilting‘
about the Rhino) and hopes that the year 1845.:
will prove siicct=.ssl'ul as well as fruitful to all‘
his labors—tlici'el'ore hurry tip one anil rill to the I
mark. and you will fiintl yoiirsclf doubly paiill
for all your groans as you recline in the Old!
Arm. C/lair. All kinds ofTectli inserted in llle;
best manner, eiihci single or in sctis. Filling!
done with gold. ccn'.e.at and tin. Decayci! por-
tions removed. irregiilar ones remctlit-tl écc.
N. B. To iltose who are not aware ofilie fact
Dr. Easton has been in his practice for the last
12 years. and he feels himself master of every
brancli of his profeession.
Rcfcrcnccs —Rev. Etlwin Hall. Rev. J. J.
VVoolsey, Rev. S. B. S. Bissell, Geo. St. John,
Alfred Mallory, \V K. Lewis. C. J. Gruman,
James Mallory, Jonathan Camp. Henry Tliom-
as, Stephen Smith. Hon. Clark Bissell. George
Meeker, George Marvin, Andrew Turney.
orwalk; Sulivau Moulion. V/estpori,
Norwalk. February 19,1845. 8
) LANES.—A full assortmentofbench and
. moulding planes, grooving planes, sash
planes, Mallets, Goiiges, Chalk Spools, plane
handles &c.just received and for sale by,
STREET & CAMP.
OLASSES.-New Orleans Molasses &
Sugarofa good quality for sale by the
Barrel or at retail cheap.
JOSEPH S Mrznxrtm 65 Son.
LOCKS.-..-.-Tell it all about town that we
' have Brass Clocks for 3 dollars—now ain’t
that cheap? Wooden do. for 2 dollars.
A large supply of Looking Glasses this day
we by Srnunr oz, CAM?-
Nqrwalk, Sept. 17, 1844-
"individuals. over whom it casts its protecting
wields a few general enumerate-d powers. It
does not force Tvform on the states. It leaves
influence, entirely free to improve their own
condition by the legitimate exercise of their
iiientzil and physical powers. It is a com-
mon protector of each and all the States; of
every titan who lives upon our soil, whether
of native or foreign birth; ofevcry religious
St‘Cl., in their worship of the Almighty accor-
ding to the dictates oflhPtl‘ own conscience;
of every shade of opinion and the tnost free
enquiry; of every art trade and occupation
consistent with the laws of the States. And
we It--jOI('-C in the general happiness, prosper-
ity and advancement of our Country, which
have been the ofispring of Freedom. not of
Power.
'l‘bis most admirable and wisest system of
well regulated self-govemmcntamong men,
ever devised by human minds, has been tes-
ted by its successful operation for more than
half a century; and if preserved from the u-
SlJIptll.i0I\S of the Federal Governmenton the
one hand and the exercise by the states of
powers not reserved to them on the other,
will. I fervently hope and believe. endure for
ages to come, and dispense the blessings of
civil and religious liberty to distant genera-
tions. To effect. objects so dear to every
patriot,-i I_ shall devote myself with anx-
ious $_ol;icitude. It will be my desire to guard
tagai-ns,t.__t,hat most fruitful source of danger to
the harmonious action of our system. which
consists in substituting the mere discretion
and caprice of the Executive, or of majori-
ties in the legislative department of the gov-
l must be preseiverl.’
under it ? Every lover of his country must
shudder at the thought ofthe possibility of
its dissolution, and will be ready to adopt the
patriotic stntimr-nt. "Our federal Unoin —-it
To preserve it, the
compromises which alone enabled our fathers
to form a comirion constitution for the gov-
ernment and protection of so many States
and distinct communities, of such diversified
habits, interests and domestic institutions.
must be sacrerlly and religiously observed.
Any attempt to disturb or destroy these com-
ptoini.-es, being terms of the compact of the
Union, can lead to none other than the most
ruinous and disasterous consequences.
It is a source of deep regret that, in some
sections of our country. misguided persons
have occasionally indulged in schemes and
ngitations. whose obj-"ct is the destruction of
domestic institutions existing in other sec-
tions-—instituiions which existed at the adop-
tion of the Constitution, and were reco.gniz.-
ed and protected by'it. All must see that_if
itwere possible for them to_ be successful in
attaining their object, the dissolution of the
Union, and the consequent destruction 0i ll"
happy form of government, must; speedily
follow. ,
I :im happy to believe that at every period
of our existence as a nation, there has existed.
and continues to exist, among the great mass
of our people, a devotion to the Union 0-‘the
States, which will shield and protect it against
the moral treason ofany who would serious-
ly contemplate its destruction. '10 secure a
continuance of that devotion, the comprom-
ises of the constitution must no’. mil)’ be
preserved, but svctionaljealous-ics and heart-
burniogs must be discountenanced; and all
should remember that they are members 0l
the some political family, having a common
destiny. To increase the attachment‘ of_our
people, to the Union. our laws should be just.
to bc Li.\'t‘l’Cl.':‘E‘(l in suhordiiiation to the Con- ‘the Constitution be prcscrved,——ii’ sectional
Ono gr:-:it:ji-alousfes and hcart-burnings be (I<lSCOtll’li.e-
not required for other necessary purposes, it
5;.
2-.
, .
\.a\.v \/\J“a\/~J\4
\/\/\/\/r-./\4’\1
00P0ll9S. or the peculiar interests of sections
or classes, must operate to the prejudice of
the interests of 'thcir fellotv-citizrns, and
should be avoidi.-d. Ifthe compromises of
fH1’tC*'<l.~if our laws be just, and the govern-
ment be practically administered strictly
within the limits of power precscibed to it,-—
wc may disc..id’a|l apprehensions for the
saf t_v oftlic Uition. .
‘vi-Jith those views of the nature, character,
and objects cftlue Government, itndthe value
of the Union‘, I shall steadily opposethe ere.
ation ofthose institutions and systcmstvhich,
in their nature, tend to pervert it from its le-
gitimate purposes, and make it the .instru-
meat of sections, classes, and individuals.
We nt-ed no Nation-.il Biinks. or other extra-
ncous institutions, planted around the Gov-
erriiiierit to control or strengthen it in oppo-
sition to the mill of its authors. Experience
has taught us how unnecessary they are as
.' I --
est Side of the Bridge.
\1
\/\.4\J-/\/'\/ \/\
VOLUME 28—NUMBER 11.
Tij
[as fat‘ as practicable, be rqeially protected
The l'?"8'eSl portion of our people are agri-
culturists. Otbersare employed in manti-
ftctttters, commerce, navigation, and the
mechanic arts, Tbt-y. are all ‘engaged in
their respective pursuits, and their joint lo-
bors copstitute the National or home indus-
“'Y- '1 0 tax one branch of this home indus-
try for the benefit of another, would be un-
just. No rue oftbesc interests can right-
fully claim an advaritage over the others, or
to‘be enriched by irnpoverislting the others.
A l are equally entitled to the fostering care
andprotectionvof the Government. in ex-
ercisiuga sound discret‘on in levying dis-
criminating duties within the limits pre-
scribed, care should be taken that it be done
in a manner not to bcnefitthe wealthy few,
at the expepse of the toiling millions by
taxing lowest the luxur;cs of lif.-, or ai-iiclt-9
of superior quality and high price, which.
can only be consumed bythc wealthy; and
/Hg/lL’Sf the necessaries of life. or articlts of
auxiliaries of ilie public authorities, how im-
potent for good,-and how poivcrful for mis-
chi- f.
Curs was i..tenzl-d to be a plain and fru-
gal government; and l shall regard it to be
my duty to f't’C0f‘fll'ht‘nCI to Congress, and, as
for as the Executive is conbcrne-d, to enforce
by all the means within my powci'.tl':e strict-
t-st economy in the expenditure of the public
money. tihich in.-my be compatible with the
public interests.
_ A National D.-bt has become almost an
iiistitution of European monarchits. It is
viewed. in Smite of them, as an essential prop
to existing governments. Mt'lflnCh0ly is the
coudition of that ptople whose government
can be su.-tuim-d only by a system which'pe-
riodically transfers l'¢tl'1__7e amounts frozn the
labor oftlie. tllzifly to the coffers of the few.
Such ti system is incompatible with the ends
for which our R--publican Goverutncnt was
instituted. Under a wise policy. the debts
contract:-d in our Revolution, and (luringthc
war of l8l2, have been hapily extinguished.
B_' a jiitlicioiis application of the levenues,
is not doubted that the debt it hich has grown
out of ll‘lt' ('it‘CtHl'lSlt!nCE:$ of the last few years
may be spot-dily paid off.
I con_9i‘atulate my ft lloiv citizens on the
.-niire restoration of the credit of the General
Governtnr nt of the Union, and that of many
of thc St.-itcs. Happy would it be for the lit-
.‘l(?I-It’(I Sl-'lf.FS lfllivy \\‘e,i‘e freed ftttm their
liabi.ities, many of which were incautiously
contraclt-d. Although the Govcrrimcrit of
zhv Union is nt-itlier in a legal nor a mortl
st IlSt:‘ bound for the debts of the States, and
it would be a violation of our conjpgict. of
Union to 2tSSUlI1PlllEfl), yet we cannot but
ft-el a deep interest in seeing all the States
inret their liabilities. and pay off their just
d-. bis. at the earliest pintcticuble period
That they will do so as soon as it can bi.-
done without imposing too ‘heavy burdens on
ilivir citizens, there is no reason to doubt.
The sound, moral and honorable feeling of
the prople of the ind:-‘c-ted States cannot be
questioned; and we are happy to perceive a
scllltrtl disposition on their part, as their
ability returns, after a season of unexarnplcd
pecuniary einbarrassnient, to pay offall just
demands, and to acquit-scc in any reasonable
measures to accomplish that object.
One ofthe difliculties which we have had
to encounter in the practical administration
of the government, consiss in the adjustment
of our revenue laws, and the levy of the
taxes necessary for the support of govern-
ment. In the gcnernl proposition, that no
more money shall be collected than the ne-
cessities of an economical administration
shall require, all parties secm to acquicsce.
Nor docs there seem to be any tniiterial
diffs.-reuce of opinion as to the absence of
right in the government to tax one St‘Cl.iOl'l of
country, or one class, ofcitizeus, or one occu-
pation, for the more profit of another. "Jus-
tice and sound policy forbid the federal gov-
erhme-nt to foster one branch of infustry to
the Clt'U'lll‘lt'Dl. of another, or to cherish the
intercsts of one portion to the injury of an-
other portion of our common tountry.” I
have heretofore declared to my felloiv citi-
zens that, in “my judgment, it is the duty
of the government to extend, as far as it may
be practicable to do so, by its revenue law-5,4,
and other means within its power, fair and
just protection to all the great interests of
coarse quality and low price, which the poor
and great mass of our people iniistcousuiue.
The burdens of Government should, as far as
practicable, be distributed justly and equally
among all classes of our population. 'I‘ll95il.‘
general views long entertained on this sub-
_|“Cl, I have deemed it proper to reiterate. It
is a subjt ct upon which conflicting interests-
of sections and occupations are supposed _to
exist, and a spirit of mutual concession and
cotnpromise in adjusting its details should
be cherished by every part of our wide
spreiuling country as the only means of p.'('-'
serving harmony and a cheerful acquicsccncc
of all in the operation of our revenue laws.
Our patriotic citizens in E-very part of the
Union will readily submit to the payment of
such taxes as shall be needed for the support
of inert government, whether in peace or in
jva r, if they are so levied as to distrilutc the
ourdens as equally as possible aniortg them.
'I'he_Re-public of Tex:-S hits made known
her desire to.,come into the Union, to ‘mm :1
part of our confi-deracy, and enjoy with us
the blessings of liberty, secured and guaran-
iied by our constitution. Texas \\ as once a
part of our couutry—-was univisely ceded
away to a foreign pO\‘.'(‘l'—.-IS now indepen-
<lf3U_l. and possesses an undoubted right to
t.llSpOSt' of 3 part or the ivhole of her territo-
|‘_l’. and to merge her sovereignty, as a sepa-
rate and lIl(.l(‘.pt'n(I(-'1')! Store, in ours 1 con.
gratnlute my country that, by an act of. the
late Congress of the United States, the us-
seut of this government has becn given to
the re-union; and it ouiy remains for the
two countries to agree upon the terms, to
consumate an object so important to both.
I regard the question ofAunexation as be-
longing cxc.lu.-ivcly to the United Stfltrfi and
'I‘i.-xas——'I‘liey are ln(It.’pt-‘tt(ltI'll. powers, com-
petent to contract; and foreign nations have
no right to interfere with ihcm, or take ex-
ceplions to their re union. Foreign powers
do not seem to appreciate the true character
ofour Governiuciit. Our Union is a con-
fedt.-ra'ion of independent Status, whose poli-
cy is peace with each other and all the
ivorld—To enliii‘ge_its limits, is to extend
the dominions of peace over additional terri-
torit-s and increasing millions. The world
has nothing to fc‘€ll' from millitary ambition
in our Governrnrnt. While the CheifMag-
istrate and the popular branch of Ccngrcss
are elected for short l.'..l'tl:S by the suffrages
of those millions who must, in their own
persons, bear all the burdens and miseries of
war, our Government. cannot be otherwise
than pacffic. Foreign powers should,therc-
lore, look on the annexation of Texas to the
United States, not tisthe conquest of a na-
tion seeking to ext-nd her dominions by
arms and violence, but as the peacful acqui-
sition ofa territory once her own, by adding
another member to our confederation with
the consent of that mcmber—-thereby dimin-
ishing the cbances of war, and opening to
them new and ever-increasing markets for
their products.
To Texas the reunion is important. be-
cause the strong protecting arm of our Gov-
ernméut would be extended over her, and
the vast rcsources of her fertile soil and gen-
ial clitnate would be speedily developed;.
while the safety of New-Orleans and of our
whole-south western frontier against hrstile
aggressions, as well as the interests of the
whole Union, would be promoted by it.
In the earlier stages of our National exis-
ibe whole Union, eiiibmcirig agriculture,
mmiifuctures. the mechanic arts, commerce.
and navigation.” 1 have also declared my
opinion to be “in favor of a tariff for reve-;
nue.” and that "in adjusting the details of‘
such it tariff, [have smctioued such modu-
rate discriminating duties as would produce
the amount of revenue needed, and. at the
same time, afforded reasonable incidental
protection to our home industry,” and that I-
was “opposed to a tariff for protection mere-
lv. and not for revenue."
' The power "to lay and collect taxes‘, du-
ties, imposts, and excises.” was an indispen-
siable one to be conferred on the Federal
Governtnent which without, it would pos-
sess no means for providing for its own sup-
port. In executing this power. by levying
it Tariffof duties for the support of Govern-
ineut, the raising of revenue should be‘ the
object, and protection the incident. To re-
verse this priuciple, and make protection the
objedt, and revenue the incident, would be to
inflict innnifest injustice upon all other than
the protected interests. In levying duties
for revenue, it is doubtless proper to make.
some discriminations within the revenue
principle. as will afford incidental protec-
tion to our home interests. . Within the rave-
nue limit, there is a discretion to -discrimin-
ate; beyond that limit, the rightful exercise
of the power is not conceded. The inciden-
tal protectiou afforded to our home interests
"by discriminations within the revenue range,
it is believed‘ will be ample. In making
received, ' Drsnitow.
ernment, for pov;v,ers which have been with-
-’ l I l -’ .'l'~.‘ U - c":
_L:_'..\’,.'* J‘. .-
Any policy, which_shall,tcud. to,
_j. _ .9
I F -v
favor. mo- 1
teuce, the opinion prevailed with some. that
our systein ofconfederated States could not-
operaté successfully over an extendtd territo-
ry, and serious objections have, at different
times been made iotbe enlargement of our
boundaries. These objections were earnest-'
ly urged when we acquired Louisiana. Ex-
perience has shown that they were not well
found-d~. The title of numerous Indian tribes
to vast tracts of country has bcen extinguish-'
ed. New States have been admitted into
the Union. New Territories have been
created, and our jurisdiction and laws1e‘xten»-
(led over them. As our population has ex’-
panded, the Union has been cemented and-
strengthened. As our boundaries have been-
enlarged, and our agricultural population‘
has been spreadiover a larger‘ surface, our‘
federative system has acquired additional-—
strength and security. It may well be doubt-
ed whether it would not be in greater dau-
ger of overthrow, if our present populiitiotr
were confined to the comparatively narrow
limits of the original thirteen States, than it.
is, now that they are sparsely settled‘ over a:
more expanded territory. It is confidently
believed that our system may be safely ex-
tended to theutmost bound of our territorial
limits; and that, as it shall be extended, the
.bonds ofour Union, so far from bring weak-
ened, will become stronger.
_ None can fail to see the danger to our safe"-
ity and future peace, if Texas remains an in--
dependent state, or becomes an ally or de-
pendeucy of some foreign nation more pow-
discriminations,,till our h.omei_nterests should,
,erful than herself. Is there one among our
Norwalk Chronicler