v
GAZETTE
4:; ' w'—_
T‘
j____.__-.--
_t
Published Every Vveanesday Morning, by JAMES REED, at Two Dollars lfer Annuni in Advance. Office on illoytfs Dock, West Side of the Bridge. -
NUMBER 247——NEW
Terms of -the Gazette.
Village Subscribers by C arrie1'——per year. -. -532 00
Mail do’ in advance do do- ---_ 2 00
Office Subscribers, or those living out of the
Carrier’sdistrict, and who call for their pa-
_pers atthe office,__,__ _ _ _
Companies of 5 or more receiving their pa-
150
pers by mail, ifpaid in advaiice.. . 1 5
1 Rates of Adverlisiaiig.
One sqt.1_ai'e—-f_l6liitcs or under——-1 iiisei't_ioii-. - O 75
Two insertions _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __~ 0 87
Three inset-tions,‘_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 1 00
, 1511011 following insertion . . . . . . _ . . _ _ . . . . _ _ 20
Executorjs and Adtniiiistr-.ttor’s'Notices, . . - - - 1 00
Cominissioiiei-’snotices__. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ] 25
Guardian, Divorce, and other notices ..... - - 1 00
_ the square. '
Yearly advertisers, on sqtun-e, _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .10 00
payable qtiarterly. The privilege of yearly ad-
vertisers is liiiiited to their own iiiiiiiediatc busi-
iiess.
Casual/advertiseineiits sent to this Office, MUST ma
ACCOMPANIED BY THE CASH T0 INSURE lNSERTl0l\'
“tots PRINTING,
OF ALL KINDS,
‘V L. 61. J. R. Peck liasjust received a large
____i3_xecntetl at the Gazette Omce.
Bargains ! Bairg
G. .3’.
WI
be without rt parallel, eithcrin extent, or variety
brace a large supply of Carpeting, new and elegant patterns. and lilillinery Goods,
This stock will be sold wholesale or ratail, at prices which \\ ill put com-
All are invited to call, and we pledge them, that ifthey are not satisfied
The public need have no hesitation in freely examirig these goods,
it free will about purchasing.
in greai abundance.
petition to the blush.
it shall not be otir fault.
and they may :hen as freely exercise their ow
SHING to redtice his Stock of Summer Goods, offers them At Cost during the next
two weeks. Those. therefore in want of Spring and Summer Goods. will avail them-
selves ofa great reduction in prices by embracing this opportunity.
Fail Trade.
The Stock of Fall Goods, for which preparations are now making at this establishment. will
SERIES.
Old C
Brandy, which is Old, and of
- ‘ --‘-3:-Ta very superior quality. Persons
wltishing to get a supply, will do well to call and
examine it, for such an article is rarely to be
found. Likewise a new supply of Cogniac
Brainaly, .E:uit:t:nci:t aim] St. Croix
Ruin, lloliatnd Gin, dike. &c. "
JOHN BUiii:Ai.r..
ider Brandy
Norwalk, April 19. ISI4.
HG]-1'1‘ House
doz or singe, for sale by
Cmjpcis ! flarpcts !
Lanterns, by the
L CLARK.
o assortment of Carpeting, and will be
sold at prices that will pay those who are in
want of tlte_abot-e, to call atid examine quali-
ty nod price fitr tlicinsclvcs.
Also. a handsome lot of Rtigs. which will be
sold unusually low by T'L& J R Pi«;cK.
South Norwalk, May 1. 1844.
aims ! Bargains !
and richness ofstylc and quality. It will em
East End ofthe Bridge, Norwalk.
G. PECIi’S
N ewE stablishment
AT SOUTH NORVVALK.
T HE subscriber having opened a Grocery
Flour and Feed Store, at the
Steamboat Landing. intends selling those
articles. wholesale and retail, at very low prices
for cash. Having many advantages for sell
ing low, which few others enjoy, he is confident
that those who buy of him will be satisfied with
the price anti quality of his goods. lf they are
pm. [hey have otily to return Lllcrn, .....1 L.......
ttheir money refunded. His stock consists in
part, of the following articles, viz: _
New Orleans. Porto Rico. St Croix and
Havanua Sugars, in Hhds and Bills-
Ltimp. Powdered and Cl'lJSl)‘7.J Sugars‘
New Orleans, New Iberia &. ether 310135505-
Cofl‘o<3- _
0],] Java Old St Domingo
(6 Bagu;,a Burnt
H Rio’ African
Teas.
Souchom, prmured Coco Hyson Skin
Pouchong H.-on Gunpowder
, Young Hyson Chocolate
0“s_..‘andlcs and Soap.
W- ‘ straiuedOil Mould do
F,l,n-hi (‘lo clio gar Soap
q.mme_r (0 co astt e .o
,.a"perm Candles Fancy do ~
Spices.
glround Ginger ginnatnon Cayetig Pepper
“ oves utmcvs Black cl
Nutmegs ' Allspictc Mustard 0
Ess. Pep’mint
- Ammunition.
Precussion Caps English Powder
Flints Shot
Suuiidrics.
Table Salt Dried Apples Sal Eratis
Sack Salt \tVaf'ers Letter paper
éiocflgsalt Segars Tobacco
on Rice Starch
Sallad Oil _ Raisins Matches
Lamp Wick Bay Water Brooms
Blocking Quills
Provisions.
Butter Eggs Mess Pork
Cheese Lard Pork Hams
Beef!-larns
Fish.
Shad Mackeral Codfish
Herring A
Flolll‘ of various Qualities. —
Pilot Bread Butter Oat 51 Com do
Navy Bread Soda Biscuit Cornnelle
Bost. Crackers Cornmeal Fine Feed
Ship Stuff
Wood and Coal.
"N. B." All goods delivered free of expense
I 24
within three miles.
. UGLES, Beads. &e.—A small lot of
‘Bugles. also Black Beads, Gilt and Steel
Beads, Hair Pins, Black Dress Pins. Patent
-and Common Large Pins, at DisBnow‘s.
’ HE Court ofProbate forthe district ofNor
walk, hath limited and allowed 6 months
Efrom the date hereof, for the creditors of the
estate of -
Amaziah Wrigltt,
date of New Canaan dec’d,to exhibit their claims
ifor settlement. Those who neglect to present
their accounts properly attested. within said
-time, will be debarred a recovery. All persons
indebted to said estate, are requested to make
immediate payment to
MARY G. VVRIGHT, Administratrix.
New Canaan. July 23, 1844. "31
HE Court of Probate for the District of
Noi'walk,hath limited and allowed six
months from the date hereof, for the creditors to
the estate of
Isaac Clturclt. ‘ ,_ _
late of Norwalk,deceased, to exhibit their claims
for settlement. Those who neglect ‘to _preserit
their accounts properly attested» Wllhm sald
time will be debarred a recovery. All persons
indebted to said estate, are requested to make
immediate payment to
SAMUEL CHURCH Adminis-
Is me Cnuncu 1ral0T$-
*30
Norwalk, June 16, 1844.
ILD'S Castor Oil Candy and Dr. Flem-
ming’s medicatcdpandies at BISSELLSJ
Farm For Sale !
- _ One ofthc first farms in Fairfield
, County, in proportion to its size. is
T now offered for sale. It is situated
“ ‘~ in the town of New Canaan. about
one mile from the village. and consists of sixty
acres of firsi rate land, with a large new Dwel
ling House, and other bui.dings thereon. Said
farm is well watered, and has upon it a fine
young Orchard of grafted trees. and is replete
with every convenience, and well worth the
attention ofthose who are desirous of purchas-
mg. Tllfi lltln is indiapulflblc. -Fxzr H3.-,...¢, X7,
apply to Chas. A. Hanford, Ridgcfield; Chas.
lsaacs, i\’orwalk, or of the subscriber. in New
Catiaan. VV.n.DitUMit1oi\'1).
New Canaan. March 7, 1844.
For Sale.
A Farm containing between 90
I and W0 acres, lyingi itii \Vtlton
' I (l3elderi’s Hill) 4;‘, miles from Nor-
-* . walk Bridge. belonging to the estate
of Henry M. Holmes. assigned for the benefit
of his crrditors. Said farm is well proportioned
into meadow. plow, pasture land and orcliard.
and is under good improvcrneiit. On the prem-
iscs are aconimodious Dwelling House, two
large, barns, (Sax. GILI-Is Git1~;soiiY Trustee.
\Vilton. April 27. 1844. 19
A fine Store to Let.
To Let—-a fine Store in No.4.
I3urrall’s buildings. It is very suit-
ablefor Dry Goods. or any other
respectable mcrt.-antlle business.—=
Possession can be given immediately ifrC<1||lY€tl-
Rent reasonable. Enquire of Joliti Burrall on
the premises. Norwalk, Feb. 13. 1844-
E” or Safe
AT A BARGAIN.
A very convenient Dwelling House and lot
situated a short distance east of the Epis-
copal‘Church, on the main road. and now oc-
cupied by Maliby Elwood. Said house was
bui’v". about 4 years since, and is two stories high
and in modern style. There is on the place,
a very good garden, with a large number of
thrifty fruittrecs of different varieties. Said
place will be sold at a bargain. For further
particulars call on the subscribers.
HUBBELL &. Co.
Norwalk, Feb. 1. 1844.
IOR London Mustard. for sale by
J A WEED.
SUPER
'1‘ a Court of Probate. holden at Norwalk,
Z‘ within and for the District of Norwalk,
on the 29th day of July, 1844: Upon the peii.
tion of Gwrge Lally, ofsaid Norwalk, as parent
and guardian ofJames Lally ofsaid Norwalk,a
minor under the age oftwenty one yrs. showing
to this court, that said minor owns four certain
pieces of land, lying in said Norwalk; one
piece in quantity about five acres, situated at
Strawberry Hill, bounded northerly and east-
erly by highway, southerly and westerly by
heirs of Eliphalet Lockwood, deceased; one
other piece, in quantity about one acre, bounded
northerly by heirs of Noah Olmstead, deceased,
and Charles lsaacs, easterly by heirs of Eli
Sanford, deceased. southerly by heirs of James
Keefer, deceased, and westerly by highway;
one other piece in quantity about four acres
bounded northerly by highway, easterly by
Stephen Mott, southerly by Martin Habirsha w
and Westerly by Margaret and Amelia Belden;
one other piece at the East Rocks, so called, in
quantity about four acres, bounded northerly
by Esther M. St. John, easterly by heirs of
Wm. St. John. deceased, southerly by Charles
Olmstead, and westerly by highway; and
praying for liberty to sell the same, as per peti-
tion on file will appear:—Ordered that the 7th
day of October next. at 9 o'clock, forenoon, be
assigned for a hearing on said petition, at the
Probate Office in said Norwalk : and the said
petitioner was directed to give notice thereof.
by publishing this order in a newspaper printed
in Norwalk, three weeks successively, at least
six weeks before said day of assignment.
BENJ. ISAA_CS, Judge.‘
4.
A TALE.
0 - In ancient times, eicr frcqneiit vice began
And every iiie.i'clianl; was an honest titan; .
__ 1 1 - ' ‘o _ ‘ ,
_TU‘l'* Subscllller llfls .l"3"_ re _\Vlieii every law was kept the father s made,
Ce"'e(" "1 new 5"Pl’l.Y “l Old Clder And petty-fogging was a useless trade;
\Vlieii innocence was seen in cv’ry face,
And every hottest heart was wartited with grace,
Evert wcaltli’s close hand cniild open to distress;
Ladies, ’tis said, loved virtue more than dress.
The learned in physic, chanced indeed to kill,
But more than lt:ill'stii-vived the doctor's skill.
A wrctcli there was in these pacific times,
'Wlio first dared shame and veiitured oti to critncs.
He sotiictiines swore, aml oft’ disturbed the peace,
By window-breaking. and by ll'lt1l'(lel'lllg geese.
He once presumed the pursuit to assatilt,
Btit he was driiiik, so liquor was in fault.
To try this wretch, so grievously lie’d siii’d.
A Court of aged, anxiously coinbi1i'd;
They entered deeply into sage debate,
Some were for whipping, some on liarder fitte ;
Long xv ere the speeches, long were the replies,
Some gave him life, and others said ‘he dies.’
‘Dies,’ qitotli ti sage, more vcnerably old, '
“Nay worse than this, we’ll wed hint to a scold.
Each joined his voice, with what the good l1l?ll] said,
A scold was l)ro’t him, and the titatcli was made:
Nine tedious days, his rticfttl fate he ntonrttcd,
The tenth, despairing, to the court returned,
“And 0! most honored sires, behold your son,
“Ensna red by fully, and by vice undone;
“If'e’ei' repeiitant sons your inercy craved,
“If e’er those guilty sons your mercy saved,
"To me, niiwoitliy me! some pity show,
“Lighten at least, my pond’rous weight of woe,-—
“Oh, let your mercy sires, reverse my doom,
‘ “And give me, leave to hang myself at hotne 1’
jx
MR. CLAY’S SPEECH,
Delivered in the City of Raleigh,
(JV. C.) 072. the 1317; 0fA]97'z'Z 1844.
Friends a.-ml Fellow Citizens. Ladies and
Gcnllctnen of North Ca7'0.’z'na:
These ingenious and indt-fatigable theo-
rists, not only hold all facts and experience
in contempt, but they are utterly inconsistent
with themselves. At one time, they endeav-
or to raise the alarm that the tariff would put
an end to all foreign commerce, and thus
drying up our principal source of revenue
in imports, it would become necessary to
resort to direct taxes and internal taxation.—-
In process of time, however, their predictions
were falsified, and the system was found to
prolucc an abundant revenue Then, they
shifted their ground; the Treasury, said
they, is overflowing; the tat'ifI'is the cause.
the sys'em must be abantloited. If they had
taken the trouble to inquire, they might have
ascertained that, although Englan-:1 is the
greatest manufacturing nation in the world,
in amount, in extent and varitty, she never-
theless draws a vast. revenue front the cus-
toms.
Allow me to present to you. ft‘ll0W Citi-
7r=n<-. onntlwr view of this iritt.-resting subject.
The Guvernnient wishes to derive a certain
amount of revenue from foreign itnports.——
Let us suppose the total annual amount of
imports to be -‘Bl00,000.000, and the mini
annual amount of revenue to he raised from
it, to be $20,000,000. Is it all malreriul
whether that $20,000,000 be spread in
the form of duties, equ.tll_v OW!‘ file Wl10l9
100,000,000 or that it be drawn from some
50,000,000 or more of the imports, leaving
the rust free of duty ? ln point of fact, such
has been the case for Sr'\'el‘ttl years. Is not
:1 compensation found, for thedtity paid upon
one article, by the exemption of duty from
another article .7‘ Take the wearing apparel
of :1 single individual, and suppose you have
a duty of 82 ttpon all parts of his wearing
f3pp‘H‘Cl equally or levy itexclusive upon his
coat and his shirt, leaving the other articlcs
free .7 And if, by stich discrirninzttions as 1
have described, tvithont prt-ju:lic.e to the cori-
sumer, you can raise tip, cherish, and sus-
t.-tiu domestic nianufacttires, increasing the
wealth and prosperity, and encourage the
labor of the nation, ought it not to be done?
FREE TRADE.
We are invited by the partizans of the.
,doctrine of free trade, to imitate the liberal
example of the great European p0\\'(-.'l‘S.—-
Engl.ind, we are told, is abandoning ht-r re-
striclive policy, and adopting that of free
trade! VVhy, where are her corn laws?——-
Those laws which exclude an article of
prime neccssity——the very bread which.sus-
tains human life--in order to afford protec-
tion to English agriculture. And, on the
singld article of American tobacco, England
levies annually an amount of revenue equal
to the whole amount of duties levied annually
by the United States upon all the articles of
imports front all the foreign nations of the
world, including England. That is her
free trade! and as for France, we have lately
seen a State paper from one of her high
functionaries. complaining in terms of the
American Tariffof 1842, and ending with
formally announcing to the world that
France steadily adhered to the system of
protecting French industry.
. NATIONAL TARIFF.
But, fellow citizens, I have already de-
tained you too long on this interesting topic,
and yet I have scarcely touched it. For
nearly thirty years ithas agitated the nation.
The subject has been argued and debated a
thousand times, in every conceivable, form.
It is time that the policy of the couiitry
should become settled and fixed. Any stable
adjustment of it, whatever it may be, tvill be
far preferable to perpetual vasciliation.—-
When once determined, labor, enterprise
and commerce can accommodate themselves
accordingly. But in finally settling it, the
interests of the whole Union, as well as in
all its parts, should be duly considered, in a
paternal and fraternal spirit. The Confed-
eracy consists of twenty six States, besides
territories, embracing every variety of pur-
suit, euery branch of human industry.-—
There may be an apparent, there is no real,
conflict. between these diversified interests.
No one State, no one section, can reasonably
expect or desire that the common govern-
ment of the wholeshould be administered,
exclusively, according to his own peculiar
opinion, or so as to advance only its interests
, without regard to the opinion or interests of
is 3 i ‘i I I _:
/\/\/\/\(\/\/\/\/ \./‘\/\./ \./\/\/\/\/\/\/\_/\./\/
NORVVALK, CT. VVEDNESDAY, AUGUST
7.
1844.
all other parts. In respect to the tariffthere might have refused to establish Banks. And
are too schools holding opposite and extreme in the end, the States which hid them not
tloctrint.-s. According to one, perfect free-
dom in our fore-ign trade with no, or very
low duties, ought to prevail.'
According to the other,the restrictive policy
would find themselves, in selftlefence. coni-
pelled to cliurter them. Ire.-collect, perhaps
my friend near me (Mr. B. W. Leigh) if he
be old enough, may also recollect—the intro-
ought, on rn:tn_y'urticlc-s, to be puslrred. by a;duction of banks in our native State. Vir-
high and PX0l'l)ll=tlll Tariff, to the poll“ of
absolute prohibition. Neither party can hold
itself upztsztti unerring standard of righland
t\'is«rloni. Fztllibility isthc lot of all nun.
and the wisest know how little they do
know. The doctrine of free trade is a con-
cession to Foreign powers, without an equiv-
alent to the pr--jutlice of borne intluslt‘y.—-
Not only without equivalent, but in the face
of their hi-uh duties, restrictions and prohibi-
tions applied to Atnerican products, by lot‘-'
eign powers, or rivals. jealous of our growtli
igllll-I adopted slowly and reluctantly the
Bankintr s rstem. I recollect when it
o 3 9 0y.
;to have been present in l792 or 1793. when
fa dt-bite 0t‘Cttl’l‘Pd in the Virginia Legisla-
ture on a propo.-tition,I think it was to renew
the charter of a bank in Alex-.tndria—the
first that ever was established in that State,
and it was warmly opposed and carried with
sortie difficulty. Aftertvnrds, Virginia, find-
ing herself surrounded by States that had
l3.tnl.'s, and that she was subject to all their
ioconvenit~nces, whatever they might be,
- - - l ..
and anxious to impede. our onward progress. t resolved to ('Sli]l)llSll banks upon a uiore ex-
Encntiragcmeiit of domestic industry is ai
tet.sive sc.tlt-, and accordingly did establish
concession to our fellow citiz~ns, lo, thoseltwo priaciptl bail.-s with branching powers,
wliose ancestors shared in C01’ nton with our
aricestors, in the toils ofth: revolution, to
those who have shared with us in the toils
anrl sufferings of our day ; to those whose
posterity are destitird to share with our pos-
terity in the trials, in thelriumphstliat aw.-tit
them. It is a concession to those who are
bnne ofour bone and flesh of our flesh, and
who, in some other bi-iiefical form do make
t-quivalt-nt concession to us. It is still more;
it is a concession by the whole to the whole;
for every part of the country possesses a ca-
pacity lo manufacttire, and every part of the
counlry more or less does m"tritiftcturc.—
Sume_parts have advanced farther than oth-
ers.but the progress of all is forward and
onward.
Again. Iask what is to be done in this
conflict of opinion, between the two extremes
\l‘l)l(‘.lI I have stated. Each lJ('lleVfS, with
quite as much confidence as the other, that
the policy which he csnouscs is the best for
the country. N-.-itlier has a right to demand
that ltisjndginciit shall exclusively prevail.
What. again I ask is t.o be done ? ls com-
promise or reconciliation impossible .7 is this
glorious Union to be broken tip and dissolv-
ed and the hopes of the world, which are
concen'.r.ited in its fate, to be blasted and do-
sttoyr-d forever? No, fellow citizens no!
The Union must be preserved! in the name
of the people ofthis nr-bie old St..te, the first
to announce the lfl(Llt‘pt‘l'l(.l(‘f)C€ ofthe United
Sales, by the memorable declaration of
tl_lt'Cl(lt‘tlbé’.l‘g, and which has ever since been
among the most (lt‘\'0l€(l and faithful to the
prcservation__ofthe Union; in the name of
the people of my own gallant State, and in
the name of the people of the United States, l
feel authorized to say, that this Union will
not, tTtllSl. not, shztll not, be dissolved. How
can this uiihappy conflict of opinion be
atnicably adjusted and accommodated ? Ex-
tretncs. fellow citizens, are ever wrong.—
Truth and justice. sound policy and wisdom,
always abide in the middle ground, alw-.t_vs
are to be found in 7':/,ste milieu. Ultraism is
evér baneful, and. if followed, never fails to
lead to filllll consequences. \Ve must reject
both the doctrines of free trade and of a high
and exorbitztnt Tariff. The partiz-ins ofcach
must make some sacrifice of their peculiar
opinions. They must find some common
ground. on which both can stand, and reflect
that if neither has obtained all its desires, it
has secured something, and what it does not
retain ltas been gotten by his friends and
countrymen. There are very few who dis-
sent from the opinion that. in time of peace,
the federal revenue ought to be drawn from
foreign imports, without resortingto internal
taxation. Here is a basis for accommoda-
tion, and mutual sttisfaction. Let the
ariount which is required for an economical
atltninistration of the government, when we
are not engaged in war, be raised exclusive-
ly on foreign imports, and in adjusting a
tarifffor that purpose, let sttcli discrimination
be madeas will foster and encourage otir
own domestic industry. All parties ought
to be satisfied with a tariff‘ for revenue and
discriminations for protection. In thus set-
tling this great and disturbing question, in a
spirit of mutual concession and of amicably
compromise, we do not follow the noble ex-
ample ofour illustrious ancestors, in the
formation and adoption of our present happy
constitution. It was that benign spirit that
presided over all their deliberations, and it
has been in the same spirit that all the
threatning crises thauhave arisen during the
progress of the administration of the consti-
tution, have been happily qtiicted and accom-
modated.
A NATIONAL CURRENCY-
Next, if not superior in importance to the
question of encouraging the national indus-
try, is that ofthe national currency. I do
not purpose to discuss the point, whether a
paper representative of the precious metals.
in the form of bank notes, or in other fortns,
convertable into those metals, on demand. at
the will of the holder, be or be not desirable
and expedient. I believe it could be easily
shown, that in the actual state of the com-
mercial world, and considering the amount
and distribution of the precious metals
throughout the world, such a convertible
paper is indispensably necessary. But that
is not an open question. If it were desira-
ble that no such paper should exist, in spite
of the General Government. The twenty-
six States, which compose the union, claim
the right and exercise the right. now not to
be controverted. to authorize and put forth
such convertible paper, according to their
own sense of their respective interests. If
even a large majority of the States were to
resolve to discontinue the use of a paper
representative of specie, the paper would
nevertheless be created and circulated. unless
every state in the Union abandoned its use;
which nobody believes is ever likely to hap-
pen. If some of the States should continue
to employ and circulate such paper, it would
flow into and be current in other States that g
F.
secure to herself ti-h:ttevei' benefits might
see frotn such institutions. *
The suite necessity that prompted, at that
period, the legislation of Virginia, would
ll€l'L't’lfl.t-'l‘ influence Suites having no banks,
but. adj -cent to those which h::(l.' It follows
then-fore. that there are and probably always
will be local bttiiks. These local banks are
often rivals, itot only acting without concert,
but in collision with each other, and having
very imperf--ct knowledge of the general
condition of the whole circu'ation of the
United States. or the state of our monetary
relations with foreign powers. 'I‘heinevit:t-
hlc consequence must be, irregularity in
their fll0Velllt’nlS, disorder and unsoundness
in the currency, and unfrequerit explosions.
The existence of local b‘.llll\S, under the au-
thority and carttrol of the General Govern-
mt-ct, begets a necessity for a United States
Bank, under the authority and control of the
General Government. The whole power of
Govcrntiient is distributed in the United
States between the States and the federal
Government. All that is general and na-
tional, appertains to the federal government:
all this is limitrd atid local to the State
governincnts. The States cannot perform
the duties of the General Government, nor
ought _they to_ attempt to perform, n «r
can it so well execute. the trusts confided to
the State governments. \Ve want a national
Army, a National Navy, it National Post
Office establishment, National Laws regula-
ting‘ our foreign commerce and our coasting
trade, above all, pt.'fl)i)|'lS, we wanta National
currency. The duty of supplying these
National means of safety, convenience and
prosperity must be executed Ly the general
government, or it will remain neglected and
unfulfilled. The several States can no more
supply a national currency than they can
provide arrnories and navies for the national
defence. The necessity for a national insti-
tntion does not result merely frotn the exist-
once of local institutions, but it rises also out
of the fact that all the great commercial na-
tions ofthe world have their banks. Eng-
land. France, Austria, Russia, Holland and
all the great powers of Europe have their
national banks. It is said that n.oney is
power, and that to embody and concentrate
it in a bank, is to create a great and danger-
ous power. Btit we may search the record
of history and we shall find no instance since
the first introduction of banking institutions.
of any of them having sought to subvert the
liberties ofa country or to create confusion
or disorder. Their well being depends upon
the stability of laws and legitimate and regu-
lat‘ administration of government. If it were
true that the creation of a bank is to embody
a monied power, is not such a power in the
hands of the general government necessary‘
to protect the people against the monied
power in the form of banking institutions in
the several States, and in the hands of foreign
Governments .7 VVitbout it how can the com-
merce of the United States cope and compete
with the commerce of foreign Powers having
national banks? In the commercial streggles
which are constantly in operation between
nations, should we not labor under great and
decided disadvantage, if we had no bank and
they had their banks? We all recollect a
few years ago, when it was ailedged to be
the policy of the bank of England to reduce
the price of our great Southern staple, in
order to accomplish that object, the policy
was adopted of refusing to discount the nous
and bills ofany English houses engaged in
the American trade. If a bank of the Uni-
ted States had been in existence at that time,
it could have adopted some measure of coun-
teraction; but there was none, and the bank
ofEngl:tnd effected its purpose.
It has been asked, what. will you have
banks merely because the monarchies of
Europe have them ? VVhy not also introduce
their Kings. Lords, and Commons, and their
aristocracy ? This is -.1 very shallow mode of
reasoning. I might ask, in turn, why have
armies, navies, laws regulating trade, or any
other national institutions or laws, because
the monarchies of the old world have them ?
Why eat or drink, clothe or house ourselves,
because monarchs perform these operations!
I suppose myself the course of true wisdom
and of common sense, to be to draw from
their arts, sciences and civilization, and po-
litical institutions, what ever is good and
avoid whatever is.bad.
Where, exclusive ofthose who oppose the
establishment of a bank of the United States
upon constitutional ground. do we find oppo-
siticn to it? You are, fellow citizens, per-
haps not possessed of information which I
happen to have acquired. The greatest op-
position to a bank of the United States will
be found to arise out of a foreign influence.
and may be traced to bankers and brokers of
Wall street in New York, who are wielding
a ' foreign capital. Foreign powers and
foreign capital see. with satisfaction whatever
retards the growth, checks the prosperity, or
arrests the progress of this country. Those
0
ii rt
sue‘: -_-ad: .>2::.’-2'.‘-‘-'*""' ""‘- 9-2.
(‘Rue-
4:
sides, fully expressed them.
\/~__,,/
VOLUME 27-—NUMBER 32.
4
who wield that foreign capital. find from ex-
perience, that they can employ it to the best
advanlageio a disordered state ofthe currency
and when exchanges are fluctuating and
irregular. _There are no sections of the
Union which need a uniform currency,
sound and every where convertible into spe-
cie on demand, so much as you at the South
and we at the West. It is lfldl5p'PDS&bl8 to
otir prosperity. And if our brethren at the
north and east do not feel the wantof it them-
selves, since it will do them no prejudice.
they ought upon principles of sympathy and
mutual accomrriodation. to concur in supply-
ing what is so essential to the business and
‘industry of other sections of the Union. It
is saidthat the currency and exchanges have
improved and are improving, and so they
have and are. This improvement is mainly
attributable to the salutary operation of the
Tariff of 1842. which turned the balance of
trade in our favor. But such is the enter-
prise‘ and buoyancy ofour population that
we have no security for the continuance of
this state of things. The balance of trade‘
may take another direction. new revoltions
in trade may take place. seasons of distress
and embarrassment we must expect. Does
any one believe the local banking system of
the United States is competent to meet and
provide for these exigencies? It is the part
ofa wise government to anticipate and provide‘
as faras possible,for all these contintingencies:
It is urged against banks. that they} are often
badly and dishonestly administered and fre-
qticrttly break, to the injury & prejudice of the
community. I am far from denying that
banks are attended with mischief and some
inconvenience, but that is the lot of all hit-
man institutions. The cinploymeiitof steam
IS often attended with the most disastrous
consequences, of which we have had recent
melancholy examples, But does any body,
on that account, thiiikof proposing to dis-
continue the agency of steam power on the.
land or the water .7 The most that is tho’!
of it is, that it becomes our duty to increase
vigilance and multiplylprt-cautions against
the recurrence of accidents. As to banks,
the truequcstion is whether the sum ofthe
inconvenience ofdispensing with them would
not be greater than any amount of which
they are productive .7 And in any new char-
tiers that may be granted, we should anxiously
t-ndvtivor to provide all possible restrictions,
secttt'it.ies and guaranties against their mis-
management. _ _
Such are my views of the question ofes‘-‘
tablishing a bank of the United States. They
have been long and honestly and sincerely
entertained by me; but I do not seek to en-
force them upon any others. Above all, I
do not desire any bank of the U. S. attempted
unless, and until it is imperative-ly demanded,
as I believe demanded it. will be, by the‘.
opinion of the people. , , _
lshottld be glad, fellow citizens, if I had
time and strength. to make it full exposition
of my views and opinions upon all the great
measures and questions that, divide us and
agitate the country. I should have heed
happy to have been able to make a full ex-
amination ofihe principles and measures of
our opponents if we could find out what they
are, and contrast them with our own.
mean them no disrespect; I would not use‘
one word to wound the feelings of any one‘
of them; but I am really and unaffectedly
ignorant bfthe tnca_sures of public policy"
which they are desirous to promote and es:
tablish. I know what they oppose. lknow
that they stand in direct opposition to every‘
measure which the Whigs espouse; but
what are their substitutes .7 The Whigs be:
lieve that the Executive power has. during
the two last and the present administrations‘,-
been intolerably abused; that it has distur-
bed the balances of the Constitution; and
that by its encroachments upon the co-ordin-
ate branches of the Government, it has be-'
come alarming and dangerous. The Whigs
are therefore desirous to restrain it within
constitutional and proper limits. But our’
opponents who assume to be emphatically‘
tbefriends of the people. sustain the Execu=
tive in all its wildest and most extravagant
excesses. They go for Vetoes in all their
variety; for Sub Treasuries, slaudidgarmies
Treasury circulars. Occupying a similar‘
ground with the Tories of England, they’
stand up for power and prerogative against
popular rights. The Deriiocrats or Repub-
licans of l798——’9, taught by the fatal exam-
ple of all history, were jealous and distrust-
ful of Executive power‘. , -
It was oftbat department that their fears
were excited, and against that their vigilance
was directed. The federalists of that day
imbibing the opinion from the founders of
the Constitution, honestly believed that the-
Executive was the weakest branch of the
Government, and hence they were disposed-
to support and strengthen it. But experience
has demonstrated their error, and the best
part oftbem have united with the Whigs.—
And the Whigs are now in the exact posi*
tion of the Republicans of 1798-9. The-
residue and probably the larger part of the
Federalists joined our opponents, and they
are now in the exact position of the Federal-
ists of 1798-9, with this difference——that they
have shut their eyes against all the lights of
experience,and pushed the Federal doctrines
ofthat day far beyond the point to which
they were ever carried by their pedecessors.
DI STRIBUTION.
But I am trespassing too long upon your
patience, and must. hasten to a close. I re-
gret that I am too mticli exhausted, and have
not time to discuss other interesting subjects
that engage the public attention. I should
be very glad to express to you my views on
the public domain; but I have often on the
floor of the Senate and on other public ceca-
I consider it
the property of the nation and the whole na-
tion. I believe it to be essential to its press
..‘.‘:-;.'-“~“‘5?-'§i.‘-§";'>,: 1 ‘. '
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Norwalk Chronicler