I \''the vendors.
37; cents per hundred.
in
~ John B. Sanford, for the sale of Brzindretli’s V.
f
, , T
’N'0B.'WAIiE GAZETTE :
- _t1=ii'Br.'isiiii:n EVERY WEDNESDAY iuoiminc.
over me Store QfMi_~. Manson Hoyt, west side
the Bridge.
TEnMs.—Subscriptions $2 a year, where de
ivered by a carrier or Post-rider, payable quai-
terlu invaclvance. . , _ _
Subscribers living out of the carriers’ _district,
calling for their papers. $1 50 per auuum. pay-
éblequarterly in advance. Where paynie ntis
delayed to the end of the year.
"Mail subscribers $2. payable 10- r’-1dVaD°e-"
'11:? No others attended to. N _
. Advertisements. $1 per square for tbree_inser-
ions, and 25cents for every subsequent inser-
tioii. Yearly advertisers $10, including the pa-
per, payable quarterly. Advertisements not
marked, will be continued till forbid.
Orders enclosing payment may be forwarded
bymail, postage paid.
‘V ,
. TOYS 3 TOYS! . I
REN CH, German, and English T_0y=‘a Will!
a great variety of other fancy articles, and
a general assortment of Fruit and nuts, such as
Almonds, Madeira Nuts, Peanuts, Filberts, Cit-
ron, Mace, Currants, Figs, _PruI_18Sa CIOVGS, 01'-
anges and Lemons, Soda Biscuit, and a general
assortment of Confectionai-y,for sale by
‘ GEORGE 'W. JENNINGS,
West side the Bridge.
Norwalk, May 23, 1837. lltf
‘To the Citizens of Bridgeport, and Fair;/ielrl Cintnly.
ITIZEN S—Itis now nearly two years since
C I became general agentfor Dr. Brandretli’s
celebrated Pills in this County. Every one
knows the very high character the genuine
dicine has obtaine by every individual who ias
used it. The sale has in consequence become
great, and the calls in every part of the county
has continued to increase. It is also generally
known that Dr. Brandreth has never made a
Dr-izggrist an Agent; no doubt he had his rea-
sons for so doino, and all who are the proprietors
of an article 33;-ely have a right, which no no
ourrht to question, of making whom they choose
I C’ What has been the result of this‘!
I will tell you. There is scarcely a Drug Store
3,, the Whole of this County, but what sells, or
has for sale the Counterfeit; Article. How men
who profess religion, who profess to be moral,
can for a moment allow their minds to stoop to
such low swinilling, is more than I can tell ; such
however is the notorious fact; tlicya the Drug
Stores, not only keep the Counterfeit Pills, but
absolutely assert that they are the genuine Bi-an
derth’s Pills, thus adding ii. vile untruth to the
crime of swindling. 'I‘liis is not all; the Drug-
glsts know very well that persons who use the
true Brandreth’s Pills. soon 1‘('qlIlll‘B no medicine
“lit all, they therefore ‘sell pills_ which they call
Bran'dretli’s genuine Pills, which are calculated
to do serious injury; by which means they sup-
pose that the true Branrt-th’s Pills will be brought
into disrepute. _
Know tlierefore all ye who read this, that the
true and genuine Brandei‘th’s Pills can be only
obtained genuine of me in Bridgeport, and only
of such Agents in the County who have a certi-
ficate of‘ agency, signed by me, and also by Dr.
Brandretli, and observe that every one has one
of these Certificates, or the Pills sold cannot be
relied upon as the true and genuine Brandrctli’s;
- and-further observe, that it is daiigcrpus to pur
chase of any one unless he can exhibit these cre-
dentials of agency. " _
The following are the Agents. appointed by
,U. Pills, in the County of Frirfield:
Fziirlicld, Goo. Puck, Lewis Burr, dc Geo. Burr
Brookfield, Burr 8: Morris
Newtown, Baldwin av. Beers, Wm. B. Glover,
Ezra Morgan, S. B. Peck an Co. and Hart
Slicphard
Soutliport, D.tVlS 8: Perry
VVestport, John W; 'I‘ay'or
Readi-ng, Fauton Sr. Duncomb,_ Abbott .5: Frost
Ridgoficld, 'Wm. Daucliy 85 Co -
Daub-ury, David Pearse,Ji'. at James W. Porter
VVi§toii, George B. Midillebrook
VVestoii, Eli Adams_ ’
Trumbull, Judson Curtis
]_\/I.')nl‘OC, Levi Edwards and Daniel Slierivood
New-Fairlield, Seeley Barnum and Stephen
Hopkins
Stratford, Robert VI/Iiilker, Sr. Treat Blakcman
Norwalk, Levi Clark and Geo. E. Comstock
‘ New-Canaiiii, Samuel Raymond 8: Co
Stamford, VV. &. R. Hoyt .5; Co
Greenwich, ’l‘lio’s Barton, 5.: Jonathan Jesup
Darien, Albert Seeley
I Black Rock, T Raiison 8; Co.
017- A constant supply of the Genuine Pills
can be had at the old stand of
JOHN B. SANFORD,
Sole Agent for Fuirfield County.
Briilgcport, Oct. 10, 1837. 31 f
BOOTS AND SHOES.
THE Subscriber would respectfully
inform the public and his old custom-
ersin particular, that he has reopened
with a splendid assortment of Boots
-and slices of every description, at the old stand
\
.,formerly occupied by George Mend, Esq. where
those who wish to purchase can be accommodat-
ed with ready work on tli 2 most reasonable terms.
, The following comprise a part of his stock on
hand, which he offers at the lowest cash prices :
. 50 pair Men’s Calfskin Boots. at3 & $4 pr. pair.
500 do Ladies French Ties, at 87; cts. do
' 100 do do Gaitcr Boots $1 50 do
50 do Misses Slippers, 50 and 75 cts. do
100 do Men’s Washington Shoes,$1 37; do
50 do Boys do do 87.; to $1, do
50 do Cacks, do 44 cts. do
N. B. All kinds of Boots_and Sho_c-s made to
order, of the very best materials, and in the most
fashionable and workmanlike manner.
' , Also on hand and_ for sale about one Ton
of first quality*Sole Leather.
GEORGE JAMES.1
2
('7'
--z
Wilton, July 3, 1837.
VALUABLE PROPEIRTY
7 FOR SALE.
THE Subscriber. offers for sale
his Dwelling House and lot, (con-
taining about. one rood of land) situ-
—___--_ ated in the village of W estport, on
the East side of Saugatuck River, within a few
rods of the turnpike bridge. _ _ _ _
The house is in good condition, built in mo-
A dern style and possesses every necessary con-
venience for the accommodation of a small or
.'l,a.rg‘e family. For pleasantness and beauty its
location is not surpassed by any in the village.
For terms apply to the subscriber, at the pre-
V “flees. W.
Westport, June 27. 1337- 16tf
for sale at this oflice
July 26, 1837.
‘i g,CH AP DRY GOODS.
FEW hundred Old Papers suitable for
packing up Goods.
HE subscribers have just received a large
r,.' j
_ assortment of
i S _UMM E R
which were bought for
DRY GOODS,
“CASH,” and at such
prices as will enable them to sell cheaper than
-" ever before offered in the county. Their as-
sortment at presen§'iI:aEu‘r7iiIj]s1i‘iIaéll3i&la;'3,gi!<_‘§-LDEN-19
Norwalk, July 17, 1837.
'- BOTANY.
. I ATON’S LINCOLN’S and PHELPS
BOTANY, for sale by J. A. WEED.
“ n0iv"i‘ GIVE UP THE snip.”
VOL. xx.
NIIRVVAL EL,
UGNN. WEEBNF
1
From the New Jlfonthly Magazin.e.
THE FALLEN LEAVES.
BY MRS_- NORTON.
We stand among the fallen leaves,
Young children at our play——
And laugh to seethe yellow things
Go rushing on their way l
Right merrily we hunt them down,
The autumn winds and we;
Nor pause to gaze where snow drifts lie,
Or sun beams gilil the tree.
Willi dancing feet we leap along
Where withered bows are strown,
Nor past nor future checks our song—-
T/ze present is our own.
We stand among the lallcn leaves
In youth’s enchanted spiiiig—
When Hopc (who wearies at the last)
First spreads her eagle wing.
We tread the steps of conscious strengt
Beneath the leafless trees,
And the color kindles in our check
And blows the winter breeze;
While, gazing toward the cold, gray sky, '
Clouded with snow and rain,
\Ve wish ilie old year all past bv,
And young spring come agaiii.
I’!
\Ve stand among the fallen leaves
In maiiliood’s mighty prime—-
\Vhen first our pausing hearts begin
To love " the olden time :"
And, as we gaze, we sigh to think
How many a year hath passed,
Since ’neath those cold and faded trees
Our footsteps wandered last ;
And all companions—now pcrcliance
Estranged, forgot or dead-
Come round us asthose autumn leaves
Are crushed beneath our tread.
\Ve stand among the fallen leaves
In our own autumn day-—
And toit’ring on with feeble steps,
Pursue our clieerless way.
We look not back—too long ago
Hath all we loved been lost;
Nor for-ward—for we may not live
To see ouryoung hopes cross’d;
But on we go—the sun’s faint beam
A feeble warmth impai'ts——
Childhood without its joy returns-—
T/zepresent fills our hearts.
IVER. C IiA.Y’S SPEECH
on THE SUB-TREASURY BILL.
Senate, Monday, September 25, 1837.
[Concluded,]
4. Lastly, pass this bill, and whatever di-
vorce its friends may profess to be its aim, that
perilous union of the purse and the sword, so
justly dreaded by our British and revolutionary
ancestors, becouies absolute and complete. And
who can doubt it who knows that over the Sec-
retary of the Treasury at VVashington, and
every Sub-Treasurer, the President claims
the power to exercise uncontrolled sway '! To
exact implicit obedience to his will '!
The message states, that in the process both
of collection and disbursement ofthe public reve-
nue, the officers who perform it act under the
Executive commands: and it arguestliai, there-
fore. the custody also of the Treasury might as
well be confided to the executive care. I think
the safer lconclusion is directly opposite. ‘The
possession of so much power over the national
treasury is just cause of regret. and furnishes a
strong reason for diminishing it if possible, but
none for its increase, none for giving the whole
power of the purse to the chief magistrate.
Hitherto I have considered this scheme of
Sub-Treasuries as if it was only what its friends
represent it—a system solely for the purpose of
collecting, keeping, disbursing the public money,
in specie exclusively, wiihcut any bank agency
whatever. But it is manifest that it is destined
to become, if it be not designated to be, a vast
and ramified connection of Government banks, of
.which the principal will be at Washington, and
every Sub-Treasiiry will be a branch.
The Secretary is authorized to draw on the
several Sub-Treasurers in payment for all the
disbursements of government. No law iestricts
him as to the amount or form of his drafts or
checks. He may throw them into amounts
suited to the purposes of circulation, and give
them all the appearance and facilities of bank
notes. Of all the branches of this system,-that
at New York will be the most important, since
about one—half of the duties is collected there.
Drafts on New York are at par, or command a
premium from every point of the Union. It is
the great money centre of all the country.-
lssued in convenient sums, they will circulate
throughout the whole Union as bank notes, and,
as long as confidence is reposed in them, will be
preferred to the specie which their holders have
a right to demand. They will supply a general
currency, fill many of the channels of circula-
tion, be a substitute for notes of the Bank ofthe
United States, and supplant, to a great extent,
the use of bank notes. The necessities of the
people will constrain them to use them. In this
way. they willremain a long time in circulation;
and in a few years we shallsee auimniense por-
tion ofthe whole specie of the country concen-
trated in the hands ofthe branch bank—that is,
the Sub-Treasurer at New York. and represent
ed by an equal amount of government paper
dispersed throughout the country. The re-
sponsibility ofthe Sub-Treasurer will be conse-
quently greatly increased, and the government
will remain bound to guaranty the redemption
of all the drafts, checks, or notes (whatever may
be their denomination) emitted upon the faiili of
the money in his custody, and, of course, will be
subject to the hazard of the loss of the amount
ofspecie in the hands of the Sub-Treasurer. If,
in the commencement ofthis system, the holders
of this government paper shall be required to
presentit for payment in coin, within a specified
time, it will be found inconvenient orim practica-
ble to enforce the restriction, and it will ultimate-
ly be abandoned. ,
Is the Senate prepared to consent to place not
only all the specie that may be collected for the
revenue ofthe country, at the will of the Presi-
dent. or, which is the smaller thing, in the custo-
dy of persons acting in obedience to his will, but
to put him at the head ofthe most powerful and
It is said in the message that Government is
not bound to supply the country with the ex-
changes wliicli are necessary to the trausactioii
of its business. But was that lazignagc held
during the progress of lll3 contest with me, laie
Bank of the United States? “/33 nottlic ex-
pectation held out to the people that they would
be supplied \Vllll it better currency. and wiili bet-
ter rcgiilaiedexchaiige? And did not boil) me
lute Prcsitlerit and the Secretary ofthe Treasury
dwell, with particular satisfaction, in several
_ messages and reports, upon the improvement of
the currency, the greater amount in exchange,
and the reduction of the rates, under the opera-
tion of the state bank system, than existed ii nder
the Bank of the United States ? Instead of ful-
filling the promises then held out, the govern-
ment wraps itself up in its di,r;iiily—t2lls the
peopleiliat they expect too mucli of it ; that it is
not its business to liiruish exchanges; and that
they may look to Europe for the manner in
which, tlirougb the agency of private bankers,
the coinmerce and business ofthe country is stip-
plied with exchange. \Ve are atl‘.-’lsCtl to give
up our American mode oftrausactiucz business,
through the insirumentality of l)alllilil;' corpora-
tions, in which the interests of tlic ll’;ll and the
poor are happily blended, and to ceinblisli bou-
kers similar tothe I-Iopes, the llorings, the Roths-
childs, the IioiinguersofEurope; houses liicli
requires years or ages to form and to put in suc-
cessful operaiion, and whose vast overgi'ov.'u
capitals, possessed by the rich exclusively ofilie
poor, control the destiny of nations and deter-
mine the fate of empires!
Having, I think, Mr. President, shown that
the project of the Administration is neither cle-
sirable, nor practicable, nor wiiliin the coi;siitii-
tiorial power of the General Go\-'ernii'ieui, nor
just; and that it is contrary to the habits ofthe
people of the United States, and is (laugcrous to
their liberties, I might here close my remarks;
but I conceive it to be the duty ofa patriotic op-
position not to confine itsclfmercly to urging ob-
jections against measures to promote the general
prosperity. brought forward by those in power.
It has farther ar.d higher duties to perform.-
Tlierc may be circumstances in which the op-
position is bound formally to pre:entsiich mens-
ures as, in its judgment, are ilciiiaiiilcd by the
exigency ofilic times; but if it has just reason
to believe that they would be unacceptable to
those who alone can adopt them, and give ilicm
effect, the opposition will discharge its duty by
suggesting what it believes ought to be done for
the public good.
I know, sir, that I have friends whose partiall-
ty has induced them to hope that I would be able
to bring forward some healing measures for the
disorders which unhappily prevail, that might
prove acceptable. I wish to God that I could
realize this hope; but I cannot. The disease is
of such an alarming character as iorequirc more
skill than I possess; and I regret to be coin-
pelled to fear that there is no etlectual remedy
buttbat which is in the hands of the suffering
patient himself.
Still, under a deep sense of the obligation to
Wl]_lCl] I have referred, I declare tliai, after the
most deliberate and anxious consideration of
which Iam capable, I can conceive of no ade-
quate reriiedy which does not comprehend .21 na-
tional bank as an essential part. It appears to
me that a national bank, with such modifications
as experience has pointed out, and particularly
such as would limit its profits, exclude foreign
influence in the government of ii, and give pub-
licity to its transactions, is the only safe and cer-
tain remedy that can be adopted. The great
want of the country is a general and uniform
currency, and a point of union, a sentinel, a regu-
lator ofthe issues of the local banks; and that
would be supplied by such an institution.
I am not going to discuss, as an original ques-
tion, tlic constiiulioiial, power of Congress to
establish a national bank. In human alliiirs
there are some questions, and Iihink this is one,
that ought to be held as determined. From
several decisions ofCongresslaffirmiiig the powc-Li‘,
the concurrence ofeveiy otlicrdepartmciit of the
government, the approbation of the people, the
concurrence of both the great panics into wliich
the country has been divided, and forty years of
prosperous experience with such a bank, appears
to me to settle controversy, if any controversy is
ever to be settled. Twenty-two years ago M r.
Madison, whose opposition to the first Bank of
the United States is well known, in a message
to Congress said :
“ Waiving the question of the constitutional
authority of the Legislature to establish an in-
corporated bank, as being preclutled, in my
judgment, by repeated recognitions, under varied
circumstances, of the validity ofsucli an institu-
tion, in acts of the legislative, Executive, and
judicial branches of the government, nomin-
panied by indications, in dilfererit modes, of ii
correspondence of the general willof the nation;
the proposed bank does not appear to be calcu-
lated to answer the purposes of reviving the pub-
lic credit, of providing a national medium of cir-
culatioii, and ofaiding the Treasury by facilitat-
ing the indispeiisable aniicipatious of revenue,
and by affording to the public riiore durable
loans.”
To all the considerations upon which he then
relied, in treating it as (I settled question, are
now to be added two distinct and distant subse-
quent expressions ofthe deliberate opinion of a
republican Congress,iwo solemn decisions of the
Siipremo Court of the United States, twenty
years of successful experience, and disastrous
consequences quickly following the discontinu-
ance of the Bank.
I have been present as a member of Congress.
on the occasion of the termination of both the
Banks of the United States; took part in the
discussion to which they gave rise, and had an
opportunity of extensively knowing the opinions
of members : and I declare my deliberate con-
viction that, upon neither was there one-iliird
of the members of cube? 1-Ioiise who entertained
the opinion that Congress did not possess the
constitutional power to charter a Bank.
But it is contended that, however indispensa-
ble a Bank ofthe United States may be to the
restoration of the prosperity of the country, the
President's opinion against it opposes an iii-
superable obstacle to the establislimcut of such
an institution. It will indeed be unfortunate if
the only inezisure which can bring relief to the
people, should be prevented by the magistrate,
influential system of government banks that ever
existed 3
whose elevated station should render him the
.Zlg£llr2Sl ll.
..x_w.-.. '1. _.
most auxioiis man in the nation to redress exist-
ing grievances.
The opinioii of the President, which is relied
upon, is that (‘nlllilllletl in his celebrated lclter to
the lion. S. \-Villiziiiis, and that which is ex-
pressed in the iiiessage before us. I must say,
with all proper deference, that no man, prior to
or .':llC2' his election to the cliiel iiiogistracy, has
a right to say, in advance, that he would not ap-
pro'.'c of a particular bill, if it were passed by
Ccingiess. An anriuiicizitiou of such a purpose
is prciiiniure, and contrary to the spirit, if not the
express provision ofthe Constitution. According
to that iristrumeiit, ilie participation ofthe Presi-
dent in the legislative power-—l'iis right to pass
upon a bill-—is subsequent, and not previous to
the ileJi!:ei‘aiioiisofCongress. The constitutional
provision is, iliat when a bill shall have passed
both houses, it slizill be presented to the Presi-
dent for his approval or rejection. His right to
pass upon it results from the presentation ofthe
bill, anti is not acquired until it is presented.-
\Vliat would be tlioiight oftliejurlge who. before
:1 cause is brought before the co:-rt, should an-
nounce his intention to decide in favor of a
naiiieil party’! Or ofilie Senate, which shares
the appointing power, if it should, before a
uoiiiiiimioii ofu particular iudividiizil is made for
an office. pass a resolution that it would not ap-
prove the nomination of that individual '3
It is clsarlliat the President places his repug-
nance 10 ii Baal; of the United States mainly
upon the grouiiil that the popular will has been
twice “solemnly and unequivocally expressed"
In this the President is misi_i‘.ten.
The two occasions to which he is understood to
refer, are the election ofAnilrew Jackson in 1832,
and his ovsii election in 1836. Now, as to the
first, there isnot, before it took place, any uii-
equivocnl expression of the opinion of the late
Presidcrit against a national bank. There was,
in fact, a contrary expression. In the veto
message. President Jackson admitted the public
convenience of a bank; stated that he did not
‘rind in the renewed ch:-irtcrsucl: modifications as
could secure his approbation, and added that, if
he lied been applied to, he could have furnished
the model ofzi bank that would answertlie pur-
pose of such an institution. In supporting his
reelection tlierofore, the people did not intend,
by the exercise of their suffrage, to deprive them-
selves ofa national bank. On the contrary, it is
within my own knowledge, that many voted for
him who believed in the necessity of a bank
quite as much as I do. And Iani perfectly
persuaded that thousands and tens of thousands
sustained his reelection, under the full expccIa-
iion ilizit a national bank would be established
during his second term.
NJT, sir. can I think that the election of the pre-
Sell’.ClllftftflaglslfilleOllgllllOl.)€lZli{8I121SGVldCllC8
iliatthc people are against a bank. The most
that fairly can be asserted is, that he was elected,
the expression of his opinion to Mr. VVilliauis
notwithstanding. The question ofthe election of
a chief iiiagisiratc is a complex question, and
one of coiiipeusations and comparison. All his
opinions, all his qiinlificaiioiis are taken into
coiisidcralioii, and compared with those of his
competitors." And no:liing more is decided by
the people than that the person elected is prefer-
red amongst tlieseveral candidates. They take
him as ii man does his wife. for better for worse,
with all the good and bad opinions and qualities
which he possesses. You might as well urge
that the election of a particular person to the
oliice ofcliief iiingistraie implies that his figure,
form, and appearance exhibit the standard of
human perfection, as to contend iliat it sanctions
and approves every opinion which he may have
publicly expressed on public affairs. It is some-
what ungrateful to the people to suppose that
the particular opinion ofMr. Van Buren in re-
gard to :i Bank ofthe United States, constituted
any, much less the chief recommendation ofliim
to their sulliages. It would be more honorable to
him and to them to suppose that it proceeded
from his eminent abilities, and his disiinguislied
services at home and abroad. If we are to look
beyond them and beyond him, many believe
that the most influential cause of his election was
the endorsement of that illustrious predecessor,
in whose footsteps he stands pledged to follow.
No, sir, no: the simple and naked qiiesiion of
a Bank or no Bank of the United States was
noi submitted to the people, and “ twice solemnly
and uncqivocizllg/" decided against by them. I
firmly believe that if such a question were now
submitted to them, the response of a vast majori-
ty would be in the aliirmative. I hope, how-
ever, that no bank will be established or proposed,
unless there shall be a clear and undisputed ma-
jority ofllie people and ofthe states in favor of
such an institution. lfthere be one wanted, and
an unequivocal niauifestation be made of the
popiilar will that is desired, a bank will be es-
iablislied. The President’s opposition to it, is
founded principally upon the presumed Opposi-
tion ofllic people. Let them demonstrate that
lie is mistaken, and he will not separate himself
from them. He is too good a democrat, and the
tenor of his whole life shows that, whatever
other divorces he may recommend, the last that
he would desire would be one between him and
the people. Should this not be the case, and if
a majority should not exist sullicicntly large to
pass :1 bank charter in spite oftlie veto, the ulti-
mate remedy will remain to the people to change
their rulers, if their rulers will not change their
opinions.
But, during this debate, it has been contended
that the establishmentof a new Bank of the U.
States would aggravate existing disiresses; and
iliat the specie necessary to put it in opcraiioii
coultl not be obtained without prejudice to the 10-
cal banks.
‘What is the reliel for which all hearts are
now so anxiously throbbing? It is to put the
banks again in iriotion ; to restore exchanges, and
revive Ilie drooping business of the country.-
And what areihe obstacles? They are, first,
the foreign debt, and secondly, a want of confi-
dence. If the banks were to reopen their vaults,
ii is apprehended that the specie would imme-
diately be exported to Europe to discharge the
foreign debt. Now, if a Bank of the U. States
were established, with a suitable capital. the
stock of that bank itself would form one of the
best subjects of remittance; and an amount of
it equa‘. to what remains of the foreign debt would
probably be remitted, retaining at home or
drawing from abroad the equivalent in specie.
A great, if not the greatest existing evil, is the
Sfii-§’i.Y, 1, 1837.
N0. 34..
want of confidence, not merely in the govern-
ment, but in distant banks, and beiwecii the
banksllicmselvcs. There is no lie of cornice-
lion binding them together, and they are often
suspicious of each otlier. To this want of con-
fidence among the banks themselves is to be as-
cribed tliai extraordinary derangement in ilie ox-
clizingcs of the coiiniry. How 0ll](‘l'Wi5e can we
account for the fact that the paper of the banks
of Mississippi cannot now be exchanged against
the paper of the banks of Louisiana, without a
discount in the former of 10 or I5 per cent ; nor
that of the banks of Nashville, Wlll".0Ul a dis-
cout of 8 or 10 per cent. agiiiiisi the paper of the
adjoining state of Kentucky? II is iiiiiuifest that,
whatever may be the mcdiiim of cir;-ulation,
whether it be iiicoiivr.-riible paper, or coiivcrliblc
paper and specie. siipposing confiilci'ico so exist,
ilie rates of cxcliaiiite in brill! co.-‘cs ought to be
nearly the same. But, in iiiiic.-: like ‘these. no
bank will allow its funds to D('l‘Ul‘.iUl(.lll.’, by the
operations of ext-liaiige, at points where no pre-
sent use can be uiaelc of tliein.
Now, if a Bank ofilie U. States were estab-
llSllell wiih a proper capital, and it were made
the sole depository of the public moneys. and its
notes \ve:"e:reccivab|e in all government dues, it
might comnicnce operations fortliwitli, with a
small amount of specie, perhaps not more than
two mi|lions., That sum would probably be
drawn from the coii'imuniIy, where it is now
hoarderl and dormant; or if it were taken even
from ilie local banks, they would be more than
compensated in the security which they would
enjoy, by the remittance of the new stock to Eu-
rope, as a substitiiie for their specie.
Such a new bank, once commencing business,
would form a rallying point; confidence would
revive, exchanges be again regulated, and the bu-
siness and prosperity of the country be speedily
restored. And it is by no meniis certain that
there would be any new ll augmentation of the
banking capital of the country, for it is higlily
probable that the aggregate amount of iinsouud
banks, which can ‘never resume specie pay-
ments, would be quite equal to that of ilie new
bank.
An auxiliary resolution might be adopted with
salutary effect, similar to that which was atlnpl—
ed in 1816, olli-.-ring to the state banks, as ii ino-
iive to resume specie paymenis,_tliai their paper
should be received for the public dues; or, as
their number has since that period greatly in-
creased, to make the motive more operative, ilie
offer might liecoiifinod to one or two banks in
each state known in be trustworthy. Let them
and ‘a Llanlc of the U. Slates commence specic
paymenis. and all the other sound banks would
be constrained, by the united force of public
opinion and the law, to follow the example.
If in coiitrastiiig the two periods of lSl"/ and
1837, some ailvaningos for ilie resumption of
specie payments existed at the former epoclz.
others which distinguish the present greatly pre-
pniiderate. At Ilie first there were 11 me except
the existence of-a publicilcbi and a smaller num-
ber of banks. But then an exhausting war had
wasted our means. Now we have infinitely
greater wealth, our resources are vastly more
developed and increased, our p0pUl.'illOl'l nearly
doubled, our knowledge of the disease much
better, and, what is of tlie uimostfiimporlancc, a
remedy,if applied now, would be a(llrlli".lSlCi'Cl.l
in a much earlier stage of the disorder.
A general currency of sound and uniform va-
lue is necessaiy to the well-being of all parts of
ilie confoderacy, but itis iiidispeuszible in the in-
terior states. The seaboard states have eacli of
them banks, whose paper freely circuliiics with-
in their respective limits. and serves all the pur-
poses of their business and commerce at lll(3ll'Ca-
piials, and throughout their wliiile extent. The
variations, in this paper in passing tlirougli those
states, from one commercial metropolis to anoth-
er, are not orilinarily very great. But how are
we of the interior to come to the Atlantic cities
to purchase oursupplies of foreign and domestic
commodities, without :1 general inediuiii? The
paper of our own banks will not be received but
ata ruiizous discount. We want a general cur-
rency, which will serve at home and enable us
to carry on our accustomed trade with our breth-
ren of the Atlantic States. And such 21 curren-
cy we have a right to expect. ’
I do not arrogate to myselfa right to speak for
and in behalf of all the Western states; but as a
Senator from one of them, I ‘am entitle.-cl to bc
heard. This Union was formed to secure cer-
tain general, but highly important objects, old
which the couimon defence, commerce, and ti
uniform currency, were leading ones. To the
interior states, none is of more importance than
that of currency. Nowhere is the attachment to
the Union more ardent than in those states; but
if this government should neglect to perform its
duty. the value of the Union will become iin-
paired, and its very existence in process of time
may become eiidaiigered. I do believe that be-
tween asouud general curr_ency, and the pre-
servation of the Union itself, in full vigor and
perfect safety, there is the inostiritimaic connec-
tion. ‘
If, Mr. President, the remedies which I have
suggested were successfu'., at a former period of
our history, there is every reason to hope that
they would again prove efficacious; but let me
suppose that they should not, and that some un-
known cause, which could not then. should now
iliwartilieir operation, we should have, in any
event, the consolation of knowing that we had
endeavored to profit by the lessons of experi-
ence, and if they failed we should stand acquit-
ted in thejudgment ofthe people. They are hear-
tily tired of visionary schemes and wild experi-
meiiis. They wish to get out of ilie Woods, iiiio
which they have been conclncied, back to the
plain, beaten, wide road, Wl‘.l(:l1 they had before
trodden. .
How, and when, without such measures as l
have suggested, aretlie stale banks to resume
specie payments? They never can resume
without concert; and concert springs from confi-
dence; and confidence from knowledge. But
what knowledge can 800 l)fll]l~'.S. scattered over
our vast territory, have of the actual condition of
each other? It is in vain that statements of it
beperiodiczilly published. It depends. at last,
mainly, upon the solvency of the debtors to the
barik; and bow, whenever their names are not
known, can that be ascertained?
Instead of coming to the aid ofilicse prostrate
institutions, and asssisiing Ilicni, by a mild and
parentalcxcrcise of our power, in ii lllo'..lL:.z§t;lJ(.‘-
U .
iioiied and approved by ei;perience,y0If PT0l‘°5°
I0 abandon them and the couiitr to their fat_e.--
_You propose worse: to discreilitllleir Fallen l°
distrust them even as apeci;-il dc-pnsiiories. and to
denounce against them all the pains and penal-
ties of bankrupzcy. . .
How and when will they resume specie pay-
ments "! Never, as far as my information ex-
tends, have exertions been greaiei than those
which the banks have geiierzilly made to open
again their vaults. It is wonderful ‘that the
commiiniiy should have been able to bear, with
so much composure and resignation. the prodi-
gious curiailiucnts which have been made.—-
-Coiifiilence rcestublislicd. the foreign debt extin-
guished, and a naiiniial institution created, mcsi
of them could quickly resume specie pziymcnts.
Some ofihem, urged by a high sense ofprobity,
and smarting under severe rcproaclies, will no
doubt niakc the cxperiiiicnt of resuming and
conzinuing payment in specie. They may even
gm.-n a while; but wiihoiit the cooperation of
the state bunks gciicriilly, and \\'llh0Ut ilie
i-oopnrntiou ofa national bank, it is to be apple-
liciiiled that they will be again seized with a
paralysis. It is my (lt.‘llllt:l'&.ll6 conviction that
the preservation of tlie existence of the state
bzinl;s tliciiisclics. ilepciitls upon the institution
ofa iiaiioiuil ‘nuiik. It is as iii-ccssiiry to them
as the Uizion is to llll.‘ welfare ofilic Sl.';llt.‘S in our
political .-‘ystt-in. ‘Wiiliiiui it, no liumzin being
can foresee when \‘.‘e:~ll1lll€.'llt.‘l‘gE from ilic dilii-
culiies \‘.’lll(:ll snrrouiid us. Ii lins bet-n my for-
tune several times to see the cuiiniry involved in
gi'ciiiilziugei': bni iiizvcr l.-I-l'oi‘~: Iinvcl belield it
f.‘l1(‘flll1])'.l.‘S;‘~.L.Ll \\l:li any :ll(.l’{: ii:cii:.iciiig and por-
lf"rlll()LlS.
I~'Iiiioi-i.-iiniiig the views which I have present-
cil. it inziy l.1(.‘ asked why I do not at once pro-
pose zi iiaitional l.‘8lJl{. I liiivc already zidverlerl
in Iliecziuse. Cousiitutizil as Congress now is,
I know that such a proposition would be defeat-
ed; and that it would he therefore useless to
make it. I do not desire to liirce upon the
Senate, or upon the couiilry. against iis will, ifI
could, my opinion, however SlllCt!lCly and
strongly (:l1lPl‘lallICt'.l. If zi riniioiinl bank be
(-.SlZlIlllFl'l(‘.(l, iis stability and its utility will dc-
peiiil upon the geiicrzil conviction wliii-li is felt
ofits iiccossiiy. And until such a conviction is
deeply ln’ijiT‘.~.'~>‘l'.'(l Upon lllt‘ people, and clearly
iriziiiil'r-sivil by iiicm, ll vsoiilzl, in my jndgiiiciit,
lm ll!l\\‘l-P. eveii to pmpo.-e n btiiik.
' Of the .-r-bi-iiic of the S’CllZllul' from Virginia,
(Ill r. l‘ivr=.<.) I think now as I tlionglii in 1834.
[do not believe ll‘iZll any llfilC'll(‘;li)lt3,("OllllC(.‘lIO[1
of state banks can supply a general cizrrency. be
a safe (l’.’f20._~‘.li()l'y of His public ‘moneys, or act
elliciciilly as a fiscal agent oftlic. general govern-
ment. 1 was noi ‘ilicll opposed ioilic stoic banks
in lll(:lf proper sphere. I ilioiiglii that they
could not be relied upon to form exclusively ii
banking system for ilic country. aliliongli they
were essential .pur:s ofzi general systciii. H
The aiiieiiiliiieiit ofilie Scirzitor, l‘()!lSlll€’.l'C(I as
a measure to liring about the re:-umption ofspccie
payments so miicli dc-.-sircil, liliink must fail.
The inoiive which it holds oiitof the rcceiveubili-
ty in all pziyiiiciitsio tlie gzivcrniiieiit oftlie pa-
pcriifsiiccli banks as may rcsuuie by :1 given day
couplctl will") the coiidilions prop. soil; is wholly
iiiudeqiiaie. It is an oll'cr to ciglit. liuiiilrcil
banks; and the rtzvciiii-.=, puynieiiis, of which
is their noic-s lit-ld out us the induccmem,
aiiztiuizis to some twi-.niy oi‘ ‘.vveiiiy-live millions.
To cniiilc iliuni to the incoiisidcraibli-. cxtensioii
ofilicir niri-iilaiion, which would result from the
credit given by the governiiieiit to the paper of
all ofibcm. they are required tosiibuiit lo a sup-
pression of all notes below live dollar.‘-', and at no
very ilisizizxi period to all below iweiity. The
¢’llléil‘_Q(‘llll‘lIl of lll(:ll‘ circiilaiiou, prntluceil by
making it rcccivablc by the goveruirierii, would
be llliltlll loss iliau tlic coniraclioii which would
zirise from the suppression ofilic prohibited notes.
Bt:.5ltlF‘S, iftlic quality proposed .-igtiiii to be at‘-
iaclicd to the notes of those local llflfllxs was in-
siifiiciciii to prevent the suspension. l‘i0W Cat) It
be elii--ncioiis enoncli io stimulate -a rcsumptioii
of specie payments? _
I shall l](!\'Cl'lllC'l(’.s'S. ifoollr-.il npo,n to give 21
vote bctivcen ilie.projcci of the admiiiislraliou
and the aincndmciii oftlie Senator from Virginia,
vote for the latter. because it is liariiilcss. if it
efljgms no gum], am] l0()l;‘: In llle preservation Of
the slate baiiks while the other is fraught wiili
miscbiefs, as I believe, illlt. tends, ifit be_nol.(le-
signed, to the uiier dcstruciioii of those institu-
tions. But, pri-.l'ci'iirig to either the postpone-
ment moved by the Sciinloi‘ from Georgia, I shall
in the first ln.~.‘l=lT!(.‘(?, vote for that. -
Such Mr. Il“'l‘(?‘:‘ltlC‘!ll, zirc the views which I
enic-riain on il.e present state of our public
afiiiirs. 2: is with the (let-yes! regret that I'cari
perceive no rciiiedy, but such as isiu the bands
ofilie people lliCl1l:‘.t‘l\’eS. V\'l'1encvertliey shall
impress upon Cciigrcss a conviction of that
which they wisii applicil, they will obtain ii,
and not before. In the meur. time, let us go
home, and mix with and r-onsuli our constitu-
ents. And do not, I (~'lJll't':'fll you. let us carry
with us the biiriiiiig l‘6!pl'()Zlr‘ll. iliiit oiiriiicasurcs
here ilisply 3 sq lfi-li Ri‘.lll‘llllll(". for the govern-
ment izsi-ll'. but :i colil or-cl ln-:ii'ilr'.ss insensi-
bilily to the siilli»rii'-4:.-' I-ll :- lilri-iliiic ;.-(-ople.-
(11-'§Geii. .l.~.:tZ«:sr.-ii \«.?;r ‘inzrlsel to the skies
for paving nil’ ihc I\’r.iii.;.:.l D’-E t. Mr. Van Bu-
rcu laudud by the Sillll" ;>r:'ss<9.i: for i-I‘-catiiig a.
new Niiiioiinl D,.l.i.! .
“ Let the Brink szilijcct be dropp_d.”-- C'i7zcz'n.-
72LZfI:1I\).C‘?7I.'f}'t'l‘./:£lIl.
The anti-biiiikitcs, have, for years past, been
liandling the bank with lI’[‘lpLmll_\", and are now
making the discovery, that they lli‘iVf:‘, all along,
been burning their own fingers. They wish’ to
be done with their hobiiy ; but, for the pzescnt,
they must abide by it. They must. nniiiitaiii
their hold upon it, until their hands are sufliciei.t_-
ly roasted, to prevent thein from ever again
mcrltlliog with : ny institution for the purpose of
making it subservient to the base usr-s of party
advancement.-Marlins/2u'rg Gazelle. ‘
\ __ ,~.__?_
flab Pziyiiig in advance, should be exacted of
every subscriber to a newspaper. People seem
to look upon siibscriptions in iic\vspa;'»crs.;,zis_a
different species of contract f:-inn cnnlraczs in om-
er (lep£ll‘lll‘.lClllS()f business. Moral hotieslv, in
discharging other diics. is admitted as every
man’s duly--but toiicliiiig ll(‘WSp.'lp(‘.i' E lliS,\\'llv'
forsootb. some of the best men absolutely siiiiid
aghast, ifsucli an iinwelcome iliing is presC,,,c.,}_
Bills at least slioiild be paid punciilion-tly when
presented once a year. The xx reli:_lii~il business
of being obliged :0 send accoiints the sccond and
even third time, for the paltry amount of an an-
nnal subscription in ii newspaper, (H2,‘;1l)l to pro.
dime a blush upon the check of e\-‘(-ry man who
exacts it. And people remote who liar-"e mCe;V_
ed their hills which they do not liqiii-dine,’ slibijld
remember tliiit they are weekly rcceiviuo and
enjoying what they are tacitly refusing 1?; pay
for. Post Riders are conipelleil to snln-nil in we
miserable"subterfuges of people, mun”; aftér
month and yearaficr year. who am; trying‘ all
the while to evade paying for their popers.—’-
Happily these reiiizirks are confiiied_io but (me
class. Such persons should kiioiv lllt?Vi are a
notch below 0. in ilii.-. csiimaiioii nr_n,§...,,4,,,,pe,
proprietors.—- i\"orI.’ia»;~ipIo.>r Courier. 7
I\'m:a.’.——\\.’e learn from a gentleman wlioleft
Pe.ns:ii-ola on the night of the 3d nTi. that the
st uadmn under command of Com’. -
l_ _ a as. was
lying there at that time. They would sail for_
the Gulfofblcxico in a short time.-—-J\'oi'. Betw-
Norwalk Chronicler