COMMUNICATIONS.
For the Norwallc Gazette.
Says “Enquirer,” “There are indeed among
us those who have been led to see the Heaven
daring atrocity of this crime, and have been iii-
fluenced to praiseworthy endeavors to amelior-
ate the condition of the blacks, and restore them
again to the land which Providence intended
for them.” But why talk of restoring the blacks
to the land of their fathers? As well might you
talk of restoring the whites to the countries
from which they have descended. \Vhat Sir,
talk ofsending more than three millions of people
from this country, who have eacli of them, as
good right to remain as yourself, and wit/tout
their owa consent too, and that before you have
their consent, or do you intend to pursue the pol-
icy which was long ago adopted by colonizatiori-
ists in the slave States, viz., by oppression and
barbarous treatment of them, to coerce their con-
sent; and call you this benevolence? But Sir,
I can regard all this ‘talk of restoring the blacks
to Africa, in no other light, than mere siibter-
fiige. I do not believe that there is a man in
his sober senses, in this nation, who supposes
that they will ever be so restored; at least I
have never met with such a man. There have
been about three thousand so restored by the So-
ciety, since its organization; say seventeen or
eighteen years, during which time, the increase
of blacks in this country has been not far from
one million. The most that has been contend-
ed by Colonizationists in the slave States, is,
that by vigorous exertions, they may be able to
send off the few liberated slaves, and to prevent
the increase of the free blacks, whom they cou-
sidera nuisance. \Vliy then talk of restoring
them all; so as thereby to abolish slavery in
this country?
Sir, all this sort of talk, to my mind, seems to
say, we will never consentto their emancipation
to remain here; nor do we suppose that they
will ever be restored, in such numbers as to re-
duce their present number in this country. So
that slavery must continue as it is ; if it grow no
worse. As to the free blacks, we will endeavor
to prevent their increase; and that is the most
we can do.
I am aware Sir, that some of the early friends
of the society, did indeed hope, that by some re-
mote contingency, it might eventually abolish,
or at least mitigate the horrors of slavery. But
they now perceive, that this hope was entirely
deliisive. On the contrary, they perceive, that
our black population is greatly increased, that
the number of slaves is greatly increased, and
the slave territory extended, the prejudice against
even the free blacks, has become niucli more in-
veterate ; in a word, the whole case, has become
alarmingly worse ; and the evil is still advanc-
ing, by an increased ratio. The benevolent ex-
ertions of the Colonization Society, to the con-
trary notwithstanding. By this time I think you
must perceive, why it is, that abolitionists are
unwilling any longer to leave the abolition of
slavery, and the improvement of the condition of
the blacks, to the lender mercies of the Coloniza-
tion Society, viz: That, even admitting their
object to be good, and that Colonization is cal-
culated to benefit the few, that- can ever be re-
stored to Africa. Yet it can never, in any cori-
tingency, effect the abolition of slavery in this
country. On the contrary, itis acting as a dead-
ly opiate, upon the minds and consciences of
many, even of ourliest citizens; and has become
one of the chief obstacles to the emancipation of
the slaves, and the improvement of the condi-
tion of the blacks.
Again, you seem disposed to make a “criteri-
on" of whatever ofcliristirinity is found in the
colony whereby to judge of ilie character of the
society. But doyou not know, that the society
has done nothing more for the advancement of
Christianity, than to consent that Missionary So-
cieties and others, shall labor for the spread of
the Gospel ? And have not heathen princes
done the same ?
One word concerning the strange siniilitudc
which you introduce by way ofillustration. “It
is objected that the motives ofits founders were
lucrative. Suppose we admit this, so were those
of Joseph’s brethren when he was sold into
Egypt; but who does not know that God over-
ruled the event for good ?”
How is this, Mr. Enquirer; do you intend to
admit that there is a striking similarity in the two
cases? are the measures and motives of the
Colonization society, like those of Joscpli’s
brethren, all wrong and bad, insomuch that no
good can come oftheiii, except God shall over-
rule the evil for good ? This sir, I believe is the
legitimate inference; and yet, I believe this is
more than abolitionists have allcdged against the
society. Strange indeed, that an institution so
christian, so benevolent, so honorable, so alto-
gether praiscworthy, should need such argu-
ments to sustain it. I intend next, to notice the
plea of ainalgamatiou. as urged against emanci-
pation. HAFIZ, JR.
For the Noiwallc Grrze/le.
AMERICAN EDUCATION SOCIETI.
\Vitli devout gratitutde to tlie.~autlior of all
good, it deserves to be acknowledged, that this
institution has been made useful to the church
and the world beyond the most sanguine expec-
tations ofits friends. Since its organization, a
little less than twenty years ago, it. has assisted
more than two thousand and two hundred young
men in preparation for the ministry, and been
the means of putting into the sacred office about
seven hundred who are now preaching the un-
SC8YCl!HlJlC Tithe-s‘ofClirist in different partsofthc
W0l'l(l- Al 1110 1115! meeting of the Directors in
April appropriatioiis to the niiiouiii ofmom than
fifteen thousand dollars were iiuidc to seven
hundred eighty three l|l(llV'l(.lUl.Il:‘ in one btindrcd
and thirteen literary and tlicological irisiitiititius.
Of these individuals sixty nine are new benefici-
arics, about two thirds of them in a course of
study preparatory for £I(lllll:a‘.s'lt)ll to college. 11 a
decisive tukcii fiir good, that the Education cause
is first coining into favor with the cliristiaii pub-
lic. The obligations and [)T(‘;jllf_lll,'(.'S ag:iiiist it,
which were once so coniinon, luivc, in :i great
lllcfliturc, yielded to the iiifliioiicc oftrutli. A
liiiowlcdge of the spiritual wziuts of our own
country and ofthe world has produced an im-
pression. that there is an iirgent demand lbr :i
great increase of cvangclicril, i,-ilucatcil minis-
icrs l—-also that this deinzind c.-imiot be met with-.
out special prayer and effort. Thi.-s impression
is fast becoming more cxtensive«aiiil more pow-
erful. As the vast increase ofour popiilutioii is
is coutcniplutcd, together with the iinprcccilcn-
ted efliirts to encourage infidelity, and Roman-
isni, and vice in all its forms, it begins to be
deeply felt, that the blind must be supplied with
christian pastors and teachers, if we would not
become a nation of evil doors, fitted for the des-
olatiiigjudgeuieiits of heaven. Hence the de-
cided increase of interest and of liberalty now
witnessed in favor of the Education Society.—
The amount of its operations during the current
year will be nearly one third greater than du-
ring the last year. It is a matter of encourage-
ineiit that it is tliusrising in public estimation to
its comparative importance among those kindred
national institutions which aim at filling the
-‘world with salvation and the glory of the gospel.
Most obviously thisjudgment in its_ favoris foun-
ded on truth. He who liasjustimpressions con-
cerning the prescnt state of the world must see
the iriost urgent reasons why the training of
suitable young men for the christian ministry
should have a large place, in the thoughts,
the charities and the prayers of God’s peo-
ple.
Since the middle of,December last, more than
three thousand dollars have been raised in the
County of Hartford in aid of the Am. Ed. Soc.
But is there any good reason why this example
of liberality should not be imitated in all parts of
the state? \Vho among the many donors to the
Ed. Soc. in Hartford Co. will find himself the
poorer for what he has given or be able to say
it is -not more blessed to give them to receive?
Let all our Counties come out in favor oftliis iii-
tciesting object with the same liberality as this
County. and, instead of giving the parent socie-
ty cause to say again, Connect.iciit does not give
enough to support her own beneficiaries, our
charity will flow in generous streams to them
who share less than ourselves in the bounties of
heaven. ‘
During the winter past, a legacy amounting
to more than ten thousand dollars, from the
late Joseph Abbott, Esq. ofEllington, has like-
wise been paid into the treasury of the Am.
Ed. Soc. May it not be hoped that the instan-
ces ofgenerosity now mentioned will excite ma-
ny in every part of this state to go and do like-
wise?
Besides the donations acknowledged above, a
responsible individual has pledged himself to
be one offive to pay annually, for five years,
beginiiig in January next, five hundred dollars,
or one often to pay annually, for the same pe-
riod one thousand dollars, to the American Ed-
ucation Society. Though this proposal is made
in the county of Hartford, it has for its limits
the whole state of Connecticut. Can it be rea-
sonably doubted, whether within these lim-
its the larger number mentioned may be easi-
ly found to afford this amount of patronage to
this great national institution ? Ifany persons,
whose eyes shall meet these proposals, shall
be disposed to assist in carrying it into effect,
they are respectfully requested to make known
their benevolent intentions to the subscriber.
As he traverses the state, engaged in the ardu-
ous work of an agent, he clieerfully casts liini-
self on the christian affection and kindness ofhis
ministerial brethren and other friends ofthe Re-
deemer. By the affectionate liberal reception
enjoyed during the short period that he has been
in this laborious service, he is much encouraged
to hope for the prayers a_iid co-operation of all
who love our Lord Jesus Christ, in time to come.
By iliese means only can he expect his burdens to
be made lighter, and his efforts to be crowned with
success. ANSEL NASH,
General Agent ofthe A. E. S.
\Vintonbury, April 30, 1835.
The anthracite coal mines of Pennsylvania
may be classed among the wonders ofthe world ;
for there are here whole iiiouiitaiii-tops covered
with carbon. Scarcely a turf presses upon the
silvery masses of the coal on some of the tracts,
where it is dug or quarried in the open air, un-
der the blue vault of heaven, instead of being
excavated from mines beneath the dark vaults
of overhanging, dripping rocks. The rays of
the sun, and not the inii1cr’s glimmering lamp
afford light to the laborers.
The empty wagons are drawn back to the
summit of the mountain by the toilsouie labor
of mules, who descend again liowever, without
effort in their little inoveablc stables or pens,
mounted on wluels. The conductor stated that
these animals have become so liabitiiated to ri-
ding down, that they will evince their niulish
dispositions when deprived of their expected
pleasure, and will endeavor to stepiiito theirpens
and to lie down, rather than to budge on foot
to the bottom of the mountain. They actuallv
appear to take vast satifaciion in their ride, with
their cars erect and long faces peering gravely
out at the sides, like passengers in a stage coach,
to enjoy the prospect. The spectacle ofanum-
her of iiiules, thus transported from the usual
station in harness, to the dignified situation of
inside passengers, travelling with agreater speed
than that of a mail coach, produces an effect so
ludicrous as inevitably to produce asiiiile.-—-Tlie
Tourist, by Z. Allen.
The following very salts/'acl0t'y information,
from the Pawtucket Chronicle, as to the unsol-
ved problerii of the Rhode Island election, is in
the best style of Yankee drollery :
Tm; Nisw Si-:.\'A'i'i~:.—'l‘lie question is often
asked which Senate was chosen. Now we
confess, we hope the \Vhig Senators are elec-
ted, but whether they are or not, no one knows.
The “\Vidow \Vadinan’s foot,”in Ball Hughes’
groupe now exhibiting in Boston, has made such
ti sensation there—and it is a beautiful thing,
“in troth”—tliat a son of Crispiti, of the name
of Daggett, has made at cast of it, and is sel-
ling shoes after a model called “the \Vadman
slipper.”
\Vi«;.ii.'i'ii OF THE OCCEAN.-—-Tliere arrived at
the port of New Bedford, in one (lay, (9th inst.)
from the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean, five
ships and aliarqiic, having on board six thousand
seven hundred and sixty barrels of whale oil,
and 18,000 lbs. of whalebouc 5
A Vermont gentleman recently undertook the
carriage of $30,000 from Boston to the Cashier
of the Bank of \Voodstock, Vt. Ile handed it
t.o a friend to transmit, and his friend clapplcd it
into his wagon box. There it remained, two or
three days, when enquires began to be made.-
The wagoiier was called upon. “I'm done fbr,”
he exclaiuicd. Ilis wagoiiiliud been liulf round
the country, and at the very time was lent to a
neighbor. Otfthey went in pursuit. The wag-
on was found—tlie box opcncd—and the $30,-
000 found all safe and sung.
The Mobile Commercial Register give a flat-
tering account of the business prospects of that
city. In three years the pupulatiori has nearly
doub_lcd—it is now about (5500 souls. The Ex-
ports alone this year will exceed fourteen riiillioiis
of dollars, with a correspondinir increase of im-
ports; and the real estate in tire corporate liiri-
ll.S of the city, has advanced in value from one
to two and three hundred per cent!
A iiinii in Brooklyn, (N. Y.) has ('onstructcd
an India Rubber Balloon, which is 60 fcctin
circiimfcrcnce and weighs /10 pounds. It is t.o
be provided with fixtures, with the view ofnia-
kmg the experiment ofnavig:.itiug it throiigli the
air.
The Editor of the U. States Gazette s:iys——
‘f\Vc know of no class of citizens whose eleva-
tion causes less envy than the promotioii of bal-
loonisls."’
Goon I‘I£.-\L'l‘lI.--Ill cvcr, says the Mcilicul
Journal, there was a period of uiiivcrsnl good
lu,-ziltli in New England, this is the time. No
cpidcniic is known to exi.-'t.; the bills ofmort.ali—
ty have been cxccciliiigly simill, and pliysiiziaiis,
though nearly out of cniployincnt, cordially
unite in the gciicral expression of tlitinkfuliicss
to a kind Providence.
Am. l’L.iN'i's, whether in garden, field, or for-
est, if in rows, should be placed in the direction
of north and south, in order to admit the sun's
rays every day equally to both sides of the
IUW.
Noiiiivgisia ...iz.3.-cm.
TUESDAY, MAY 12. 1835.
The Levislature of this State assembled at Hart’
ford on Wednesday ; on Thursday, his Excellency
Gov. Edwards, sent in his Message; and the usual
preliniiniiry business and appointment of comu:it-
tees were completed by Friday. Samuel Ingham
was elected Speaker, upon the second ballot. On
the third ballot, Stillman K. Wiglilman, of Middle-
town, was ilucted Clerk; and \Villiani I’. Burrzill,
of Canaan, assistant Clerk.
As we were unable to put the message into type
before _vcsterda_v, details ofthe legislative proceed-
ings, which are at this stage oftliem uniniportaiit. are
necessarily postponed.
The Message is short in form; but crnbracing, as it
does. but two or three popuhir topics, upon these it
is prolix and feeble. Europe is referred to as an ex-
ample to show the benefits ofa specie currency-
and France in particular, a kingdom not much larger
than one of our own States, with a population of
thirty millions, and fariiiers and niechanics working
for five sons a day. The evils of the militia system
are expatiated upon, but no remedy proposed- The
Message is infignantat at the exclusion ofthe pau-
pers of oilier States from the exc.rcise of the rights
of suffrage in this. The Covcrnor has an eye to
New York. _
A geological survey ofthe State is recommended
The document is, altogether, an indifferent produc'
tion,mai-ked by a strainiiig after political eff:-.ct,by the
aimless discrss'on of two or three popular fallacies,
ivliicl‘. it is supposed, are best calculated to concili-
iatc and mislead the public mind. Our limits do um
permit us, this week, to go into an (3Xt1l‘nlntlll.')l] of
them ; and we are not sure that they will merit it at
any future period; although calculated to foster
those erroneous views ofpoliticaland domestic econo-
my whicli are becomiiig so palatable to the multitude.
H3’ Advertisements brought in on Monday we
have been obliged to omit. We beg the indulgence
of our patrons.
FOREIGN INTFZLLIGENCE.—-Tl1e1'e have been
several arrivals from France and England, at
New York, during the past week. The news
from Frace is satisfactory. The committee ap-
pointed to examine the matter of the American
Indemnity, have made a full, voluminous and
favorable report, and brought in abill for the
payment of the 25,000,000 fraiices, with inter-
est from the period designated in the treaty for
the payment of the first instalment. The dis-
cussioiis in the Chambers come on the 7th April,
and ministers are sure of a majority. \Vho is
to pay the damages on the protested draft ?—
\Von’t Gen. Jackson get tip a little war excite-
ment oii this part of the question ?
In England, there has been another dissolu-
tiou of the ministry; the Peel and \Vellington
Cabinet were defeated in the House of Com-
mons on the Irish Tithe bill, and iiiiniediate-
ly resigned. This bill, which contemplates
some serious curtailnieiits in the revenues of the
Protestant Church in Ireland, was seized upon
by the opposition as the most likely measure to
test the strength of parties in the House; and
the motion of Lord John Russel, that the ex-
cess of the Revenues ofthe Irish Church be ap-
.plied to the education of the Irish people, was
carried bya majority of thirty seven.
Since ministers retire on a handsome peiisiou,
we should not suppose this so disagreeable an
affair. In this country, and under our mon-
archy, when there is a blow up in the Cabinet,
iftlie expelled honorable gentlemen escape with
a whole character it is uiucli better tliautlicy
had reason t.o expect. Our system approaches
nearer that of the Turks, among whom a depos-
ed iiiinister loses his dignity and his head at
the same time. Hence no pension is necessary.
Prince Augustus, of Portugal, marrie.d a few
months since to the young Queen, is dead. flc
was a yoiiiigmaii of fine talents, and much was
expected from his spirit and enterprise, in the
iiielioratioii of the political, civil and religious
condition of t.lie Portuguese. This marriage
was an affair of the heart, and the loss of her
young, liaudsoine and zillcctioiiate husband, will
leave the young Queen desolate in the iuids,
of the splendour of her court. Few such match-
es occur in the diploiiiat.ic alliances of crowned
heads; and few have ended so iiiiliappily.
Vineiui.-i.—’.l‘lie recent elections in this state
liavo terminated in favor ofa majority of the
Jackson-Van Bureu candidate", as we long
since anticipated. Virginia, in choosing l)0-
tivceu two northern men, has soothed licr geo-
graphical partialitics, by taking the fccblcst;
who being destitute of any fixed princples or re-
cognized opiiiious, can be moulded with the yield-
ing pliability of“a dough face” to suit south-
crii views and feelings. She would rather break
down the l’(:[)lllt.1ll0l1 of the North in the cliar-
actcr oflici candidates, than jeopard that of the
South by the election of such a iiian as Judge
\Vhito. Bcsidcs,,fccliiig scctireiii the princi-
plcs avowed by the friends of Mr. Van Burcii
on his account touching the excitable topics of
slavery, the tariff and iiitcrual improvcmeiits,—
she considers him coiiiniitted by still stronger
obligations than those conferred by iiativity—ob-
ligatioiis which bind the dcccivcr to the deceiv-
ed, and the power of those who have stood spon-
sors for him, to compel a faithful compliaiice
with proiiiiscs—-if such a compliance were pos-
siblo.
Mr. Van Biircii may bc—indccd, we are wil-
ling to concede that he will bc—tlic next Presi-
dcntofthe party. It would be against the evi-
dence of those invisible, operating causes, which
are felt every where, but no where seen; and
which. cxteniling from the centre of power at
VVasliington to the reiiiotest members of this
coiifcdcracy, sway by a sort of galvanic iiiflu-
cncc, the volitions of countless miiltitiidcs.-—
Jucksoii rose to power upon the inlliiciicc of ti
delusion; he owes his apothcosis to his military
ccl.-it. But Van Burcn, wanting these more
riicritricious attract.ions, has addrcsssd himself to
tlie_cu]2iLlil_7/ of his supporters.
appear that. the ’lIIlC)‘CS/8 of a large portion of the
He has made it
people are iiiscpaiulilc froui his political fortunes.
He has ziddresscd liiiiisclfto those passions which
And
so skilfully has he done this, that the intelligent
nothing but a prospct of gain can awaken.
H. .trA -\< |_.x
maiiiifactiircrs and yeorcen of the North are 35
ignorant of his Southern and \Vestcrn opinions
as if they had never heard or read of people eii-
tertaining any other views and partialities.—
These iiieasures have been concerted for the pur-
pose ofeffectiiig one great object, the election of
Mr. Van Bureu. They contemplate nothing
beyond tliis—tlieir arraiigcmeuts are temporary,
suited to the exigencies of a variety of opposing
interests—without any equitable or sound views
of national policy—-witlioiit reference to the ulti-
mate general good; and when the game is play-
ed, they must necessarily fall to pieces from the
want of coherence in their several parts. The
intricate and unstable workmanship of the artific-
cer will be exposed ; but he will be beyond the
iiifluiiiice of fear. I-Iis object wil have been ob-
tziiued.
Oxi: lIU.\'niti~;u TIIOUS.-1N1’) Mr..\'.—Mr. Cal-
liouu estimated the number of those ium'icdiate-
ly under the control of the executive patronage.
at one liundrcd thousand efficient, active, zeal-
ous clectiouccrers. This nu niber will admit of
a quadruple miiltiplication, if we extend it to
those who receive their appointments from sub-
iii'iliiiafe sources of power. It has, therefore,
been reckoned that four hundred thousand incu
are fed and clothed by the executive bounty;
and perforui the functions assigned them by this
vast political propaganda. The great standing
armies of Italy, Austria, France and England
are made a matter for reproach to those nations
by us; and their priviledgcd orders are daily
and hourly aiiiniadvcrted upon with a sneer at
--the iiifzituatioii and blindness of the people.-—
But where shall we find such a standing army
as ours? \Vliere such an aristocracy of place
men ? These, too, are the mere iiistrumeiits of
po\ver—-the echoes of official praise or slander.
Professing independence, that they may iiiflii—
ence otliers ; but practicing the most abject sub-
serviency to secure that influence.
The people, to be sure, are free : that is, they
labor under nocivil disabilities. But in the dai-
ly surrender oftlieirjudgnient to the crafty and
interested, of what avail is this freedom? It is
the strong man subdued by the influence of
drink, which prostrates the energies of both
iiiiud and body. They cannot stand against the
combined power of so many hiiudred thousand
_n_icri, all acting in concert and laboring to ad-
vance asingle object; all liackiiicd in the arts of
intrigue and deception. The governuicut is too
strong for them.
(E? The Southern press disposed to support
Judge \Vliite against Mr. Van Bureii have a
great deal to say-about “sectional feeling” in the
East. They are very iiiagnanimousjust now,
and are willing to give up every principle upon
which they united against the present adminis-
tration, to keep Mr. \Vebster out of the field.-
Tlicy wish to persuade us that there is no “see-
tional feeling” iu this; and they might add as a
reason, that they 72C’L'CT dicl support a northern
candidate ; and were it policy to say it, that they
never will. Not upon account of “sectional
feeling,” certainly; btit for any other reason-
aiid they are “plenty as blackberries.”
Q?’ The loss of the \Vhigs in this state seems
to have given rise to a rtiiiioiir that certain over-
tures have been made to the leading politicians
and manufacturers in Massachusetts, by the of-
flee-liolders, for the sale of that aucieiit coiii—
monwealth to Mr Van Biiren. Faith, we are
not disposed to doubt any thing in these trading
times, when money is plenty, stocks rising, and
offices mtiltiplyiiig. \Ve would suggest, howev-
or, that if the sale be effected, the Aiiti-Masons
of Vermont.bc invited to throw in that state by
way of boot.
fljb\Ve have a nuiiiber of subscribers who
call at the office for their papers, biitwitli whose
places of residence we are not acquainted. \Ve
shall have to rely, therefore, upon their disposi-
tion to make up their six months accounts, iii-
stead ofseiiding in their bills, for a half yearly
settlement. It is a good maxim, that “short ac-
counts iiiake long friciids.”
Al\'i\'I\’ERSAR1' Ci«:i.i:ni—:.-i'i‘io.\' IN Oiiio.—The
first scttlemeiit in the State of Ohio was made
on the 7th or April, 1788; and in celebration of
this event, the 7th of April-183-5, was observed
as a high festival at Cincinnati, by a number of
the priricipal citizens and invited guests, from
various parts of the State. Au oration was
delivered by VVilliam Corrie, Esq. and a po-
cm tlicu recited by Mr \Vorthington of Chili-
cothe; after wliic.li a sumptuous dinner, pre-
pared for the occasion, at the Exchange, was
partakcii of with great zest and cnjoyiiicnt.
The Athenians, under Theseus, were the first
to abaudoii the practice, formerly general among
the Greeks, of going constantly aruicd, and who
introduced a civil dress in coutmdisiiuctioii to the
military. According to Plutarch, Theseus coin-
ed uioncy, which \ 'as rare in G rcece two trcnturics
after.
An Ancient Greek Prince, who wished to coii—
vey to an ally a iiicssugc he dared not trust. to
paper, is said to have written the conimunica-
tioii with an indelible stain upon the shaved head
ofa trusty slzivc, who, when his hair was stilli-
ciontly grown to hide the letters, was forthwith
dcspatchcd on his cnibzissy.
Suiciui-‘..—A Mrs. Tryon, about 20 years of
age, in Vandani strcct, N. Y. who had been
niarricd about six montlis, swallowed a shillings
worth of laudiiuiii on l\l.ond:iyevciiiiig. and died
about 10 o’clock on Tucsilay morning. She
had been tlescrlctl by her /mslmnrl; and ‘this
is supposed to have prompted her to the fatal
act.
The N. Y. Jourualof Commerce says: “\Ve
understand a company has been formed f‘()I'.ll]C
purpose ofcstablishing a steamship communica-
tioii between New York and Liverpool. The
new lI'ltll‘lll0 engine of our countryuian, Dr.
Church,is to be used. The first ship is to be built
immnicdiatcly.
])yott’s cclebrzited Glass Factory, €11 D)'t't1l-
ville, near l’liiladclplii:i, together with the School
llousc, (Jhapcl, and several other buildings,
were destroyed by fire on Tuscdtiy night of last
week.
FROM liiizitm.-i.——-’I‘lic Scliooucr Edgar at
New York, from the western coast ofAfric:i the
8th of l\1l:ircli, rcports the colony in (1 llourisliing
state. The brig lioiiriie sailed in coiiipuny with
the Eilgnr. Slit; carried out front Baltiiriorc
5--l cinigruiits dcstiiu-d lin‘ Luke .l’uliii:is. The
colonists cxprcss great siitisfactioii at their at ri-
val.
LOOK OUT l—Thc New York Coiiriersays :—
“No less than l-l0 tliicvcs have been dischar-
gcd from the pcuiiciitiriry wiiliiii the last month.”
I'I_Ai'.—-\Vc learn that so great a scarcity of
this article is experienced at the C£'lSl\V£lT(l, that
many cattle have died. In Calais, Me. espe-
cially, the scarcity has been scvcrc.ly fclt, 130
head ofcuttle liziviug died in that town alone.
‘v\ u‘...
GOVERNOIPS JMESSAGE.
Gentlemen. of the Senate, and
Gentlemen of the Ifouse of R(2_pTcS(L’IIl(lllL'CS,
\Ve meet under peculiarly favorable circum-
stances. Our country is in the enjoyment of
unusual prosperity. VVe li-ave domestic peace.
Our population is rapidly increasing and exteiid-
iug itself. The wild and desolate parts ofoiir
country are assuming the garb of civilizat.ioii,
cultivation and improvement. Populoiis cities
and States are rising up as if by magic.
intercourse between the different parts of the
country is faciliatcd and expedited. Our Na-
tional Debt, the price oftlie attainmciit.zu'id pre-
servalioii of our independence is paid. \Ve are
at peace with all the world. Even the Iudiaii
Tribes within our territories, and upon our bor-
ders, havc ceased to be objects of terror or serious
annoyance. Our depcudeiice on foreign nations
for manufactured articles, has in a good degree,
ceased, and we are becoming the rivals of those
whose best customers we were but a short time
since. Our means, as a nation, are siillicieiit for
all our wants. This is a most favorable period
for establishing and iniproving the defences, and
properly organizing and arranging the institu-
tians of our country.
Recent events have attracted public attention
in an unusual degree, to our iiioiictary system.
The vicissitudes we have witnessed in our own
and other countries, the derangciiicuis and eiii-
barrassiiicnts which have attended individual
and general concerns, coiiiiectei] with pcciiniary
arr:.ingeniciit.s, have crczitcd it general impression
that there is something wrong, and call loudly
on those whose business it may be to UI\':1lllll]C
the subject to enquire whether any evil exists,
zisccrtaiii what it is, andifpracticablc provide at
remedy. .
It is decreed that man shall eat. his bread in
the sweat of his face. The lioiiutic.-: l’roviili-m-i-
has prcpzircil for our use, are not to bc obtuincil
without labor. The ingenuity of mun truly, and
docs in iiiuiiy iiisttiiiccs, llll'()\V this l:ihor from
the shoulilcrs of some on to tlio_-tc ofotlicrs; the
burtlicu may be very unequally dividcd, butstill
the labor is to be pcrfornicd, and without it wc
iiiust forcgo the blessings within our reach.-
Tlicre are otlicr laws of nature equally iuflcx-
iblc. The prcr:ious metals are iicccssnry in the
operations of society ; they answer :1 pltt‘p().<t: for
which, as yet, no stilistitiite has l)(‘t,'l'l foniid.—
The quziutity of these uictzils is llll.lll('tl. Tlu:
labors of the zilclicuiist to increase the quantity
have proved S(7:Il‘(}t:l_y' less siicccssfiil ilinn tho.-c
of the L‘.‘_L{l>'l2lltll‘(: to provide soiiictliiug in tlurir
stead. The history ofpapcr money in this coun-
try, prcvious to the adoption of the (,it)Il-\,‘lltll()ll
of the Ifuitcd States, is a liistory of individuzil
siifl'crii‘ig and public distress. The idea appears
to have been cutcrtuincd that there waszi iiiugic
in legislation; that by force oflegzil eiinctiiii-iii.-,
the uatiirc ofthiugs could be changed; but after
a fair experiment in all the forms liniiian iii;_-c-
iiuity could siiggest, the COn(‘lll.~'l()ll was irresis-
tibly forccd upon the people ofthis country, that
paper could not be made to serve us a substi-
tutc for gold and silver, and that all ultcuipts to
accoiiiplisli this, only tended to increase the cvil
sought to he renicdicd. So thorough and so dcrp
was the conviction on this siilijcct. that at lltc
fimiizitioii ofthe Coiistitutioii oftliclinitcd Stntt-.~.:,
provisioii was made to pi'cvciit any future at,-
tenipts ofthe kind.
At the time our Constitution was adopted, we
had before us, the example of Eiiglziiitl. ‘Cc
saw in that country a bank, which liud been in
existciice for nearly one liuudrcd _vcars,2ii'id which
during this pcriodliud furnislicd the nation with
a paper ciirrcucy which had inziiiitziiucd its
ground with gold and silver. It was a cur:'cu-
cy convertible into specie at any nioiiicnt. I’o-
litical economists and the statesmen of England,
supposed that the grand sccrctofa substitute for
the precious uictals hail been ili.-,~co\'eri-d-—tli:it
it was now csttiblislicd, that a coiivcrtiblc paper
ci.irrency was, in all respects, as good as a nic-
talic currcucy—tliat by it :1 vi-ry great saving
was cfli-ctcd; and that in some l‘t.‘spt*(,'t.~‘, paper
of this kind was better than gold and silvcr.——
This dclusion was of short duration. Englaiid,
by means of her insular situation and her pow-
erful navy, had been aloof from those inroads to
which the nations of the continent were exposed.
In iegciieratcd France, however, slic found 11
more formidable ciicmy than she had ever had
to contciid with. An invasion of Eiiglunil by
France was tlirczitcucd. Even this thrczit dis-
solved the charm; the more zipprclicnsioii ofin—
vasioii compelled the Batik of Englziiid to stop
payiiicut. This took place in the your 1707, and
the stoppage continued until the year l.‘~','2l.—
Bank paper, in spite of the utmost cllin'ts of go-
\’(‘.l‘lll1lClll,, bccauie what an uiiconvertiblc pupcr
medium always does; it depreciated. The dc-
preciatioii become so great. that its nttcr destruc-
tioii seemed to be rapidly approzicliing. By the
most vigorous cllii1'ts, and at the expense izf im-
parullclcd sufl't-ring and distress, it was finally
restored.
In our own country we witnessed soinctliiiig
of the sumo kind in the late war with (i'rcut. Bri-
tain. Most of our Banks stopped p:i_viiiciit.——
Bunk paper depreciated. _ Unconvcrtiblc paper
became the only circulating uiediuni. Mo,-'t of
us must still retain a vivid rccollcction of the
C1)1l)lll'l‘ilSS1l1CI1l. of that period, and the distress
whicli aticudird our protracted and tcilious cflorts
for the rcstorzitioii of souiidcr currciicy.
In connection with those facts, let us look at
the nations on the coiitiiiciit of Europe, where
the circulation is chiefly. if not entirely, of gold
and silver. Tlicy, by their situation, are niuch
The —its iiiimciise capital, and its extension into ev-
tciii of banking, and which are inseparable from
it; fluctuations in business may be dcsiguedly
occasioned by sudden and grcatcoutractions, and ‘
expausioiis of circulation. The State Banks are
so circuiiiscribcd in their capitalsbiind the sphere '
oftbcir operations is so limited, that separately '
but little is .0 be feared frointheiii in this respect,
and a combination would be attended with so
many difficulties that it may be regarded as
scarcely practicable.
The United States Bank is differently situated
cry section of our country, give it means which
no ot.licr Bank has. It is an engine which may
be wielded with iuost disastrous potency. It is
capable even in a time of peace and prosperity,
of coiiviilsiiig the whole coimtry, and in a time
ofadversity and war, it iriiglit fix our destiny as
auation. ‘
In view ofthe evils which have.becn, and
which may be brought upon our country by our
system of banking, some have come to the con-
clusion that the evils more than balance the good,
and that our situation would have been far bet-
ter than it is, if no Bank had ever been establish-
ed in the country. Be this as it may, the system
is now upon us, and the question is, how shall it
be regulated. If we cannot rid ourselves of the 5
ovils, we can at least mitigate them. '
The first Bank in tliishoiiiitry of which we
have an aiit.lieiit.ic account, was established ii; .
the City of Philadelpliizi, in the year sevcuteer’.
hundred and eighty-two. It had many difficul-
t.ics to contend witii—contiiieiital and provin-
cial papcr iiioucy was still rciiicuibcred, and it '
was some time before the bills cotild be made to
circulate. This was eventually acoiriplislied, .
and the extent of the business of the Bank was
such, that they were soon enabled to divide four-
teen per cent. yearly on their capital. The prej-
udiccs of the people against the whole system
of banking were st.ron,£¥. but they were ovcr_r.ouic,
and the Bank iiiriiiitniiicil its ground. Sr. profit-
able :1 liiisiiicss could not long be iiionopolizcil
by ti .sing_-le compziny, other Banks were soon
:ilicrw:irds cstalilislicd, and the uuui‘ber has l)t‘Cl1
grzuluiilly and constantly lll(‘1’C«'l>.‘lllg to the pres-
ent time. They now pervade every State, and
almost every populous county in the Uniou.—
They have acqiiircil a power and influence
which is iuiinensc, tllltl ifnot soonclicckcd, may
bci-onie iircsisttililc. This multiplication of ‘ -
Bziiiks has long l)t_‘(‘ll icgarilcil with upprclicn-
sion and alzirui; and public attention scciiisi
now thorouglily nwzikcncil to the sulijcct. A
cliz.-ck lins liccn given to tlu-ir iucrcnsc, and
disposition is iiiziiiil'c.-'ti‘iig itself to put thus
in cxisti_-iii-c iiiulci'.siu:li rt.-gulutioiis.
port with the interest. and szili.-iv of
This is an aiispicioiis event wliicii
ny _\fcui's bccii cagt.-rly looked for a
t,l(.‘>'ll'(.‘tl.
The great evil ofbauking as at }.
iliictcil in the United States, coiisist:
dcncy to cause too gri-at zi proportion
culniing medium to con.-ist of pap:-if
:-iniull zi proportion of it ofgold and silver.
cvil may be ('()l’l't‘(.‘l.(:(l nzorc cllcttiitillv uni
vcniciitly than in any oil er iiiodc, by pr
ting the issue nud ciri-ulzition of .-‘mall bills.
Tliis is an expedient to wliicli other (70lllll.l'll'S
huvc liiund it. iicccs;-‘tiry to resort for the corrcc
tioii of similar cvils. The siii:illiu-ss of th
nmoimt. for which our Brink.-i ll.'l\'(‘t is.-iicil lll('ll
uotcs, is alui i.-t with int (1 parallel in tho lll.~llI)-
ry of banking. ln atlopiing this ri-nicily_ it is
iicccssiiry \vc sl otild procccd _«_rr;ulu.'illy, and o
zirraiigciiiciits should llt.‘ siicli as will u'i'iow tin.
for thc >,ll.llZlllt)ll of the lianlis and the slntc o
things in the coirimunity to act-oiiioil:it'c tht-in
sclvcs to the alteration.
Your attention is purticulzirly invitcd the sit
iiutioii ofthe militia. Tin: lllll(‘ \v;:s wlicn thi.
was a [opulur St'I'\'l('t', and tho orunuu-nt uni
pride oftlic state. "ts prcsi-iit situzitioii is no
what it should be, and in.-ti-nil ofiiriproviiig; it.
progress seems to be in an opposite tlll't:L'l.lt):l.--
There must be some poivcrfiil caiisc or cuiisc.
operating, to have produced this cluiiigc. l
does not arise from the nature ofthe service, iii:
the cxpcricncc of all agi-s has shown that lll(
niilitaryservice is in its iiaturc.captivating; uni
that to the great body of maiikiiiil tlicrc is ‘lit i
nothing repulsive; but that it is gciicrally (.‘ll_t_z.'l
gcd in with ardor, and pro.scciiteil with ch -crful
iicss. There must be sonictliiiig in the circum
stances ofthercquisition, or mode ofpcrformaiici
which make it olijcctiouulilc. As the luiviiiow
stniids iiiulcs bctwccn thc zigi.-s of ciglitccn uni
lbrty five are the Slll)_lt‘t_:l\' of uiilitizi duty. Thi;
part of the militia sy It'll] is objected to.
\VllCll the l2lW fixing llic.-1'-. limits wzi.-7 pzissi-il,
which was in the year 1702, soon aftcrthe adop
tion ofthe present constitiition of the I’. States,
those limits were not too extensive. The whole
rwhite population of the Uiiitcd States at that
time, did not exceed three millions and a half.--
\Vcliz1 l \\'lllllll()Ul' liordcrs it numerous and flir-
iuidzible lnihzin population. Our territory was
lllllt Ii iiinc circurnscribcd in its liinits, and wo_
wt-rc surrondtd by the provinces of powerful .{
lCtti‘op'-.'ii'i nations. Souicoftlicsc provinces w
linvc acquircd, others lia\'c tlirown oll'tliU'ft -
ign yvlie, and the tics which bind those’ tliiit re-- _
niuin are much wcakeiicd. On this /.'0l]l.lllCIll.'z‘
we can scarcely be said to linve .'i pg}.-scr, so far;
as coiiqiicst or formidable inroad is (.'()ll('t'.'l’llC(l,,
froui which we have any thing to fczir---aiidourw -.
white popiilntioii has more than trcblcd since»
this law was passed. Au orgzmizutioii VVlll(.‘lL_‘
may have l)('(.'ll the best. at the time oflts adop-
tion, can sc:.u'c«.-ly be expected to suit the ultercdi;
sjmminn of the coinitry. The time has bcci:.i'
\\'ll(_'l) all bt-tween the ages of sixteen and sixty
exposed to hostile inroads, but they have expe-
rienced none of the evils to which I have allu-
dcd. I*‘raiicc has been twice invaded, and lici'
capitol ttikcn posscssioii of by foreign zirmics.—
without the super-additioii of the destruction of 2
her circulating medium, and the distress which
such an event carries with it into every part, and
to almost every iiidividnal ofa country.
An idea was at one time entertained, that
Banks might be safely left to themselves in the
iiiauagciiicnt of their concerns. That their iii-
terest was so far identified with the interest of
the public, that prudent and discreet iiianzigc-
inciit on their part might safely be relied upon ;
experience has shown that this was a mistake.
It was stated by high autliorit.y in the year 1828,
forty-four had been openly declared bankrupt,
and about filly more had suspended busiiiess.——
This Bankruptcy is in some degree the result of"
fraud, but to a considerable extent, has probably
arisen from indiscretion and inisiiiaiiagemeiit.—
The loss sustained by the comiriiinity has been
severe and in some instaiiccs distressing. \Vhat-
ever the cause may be, the rcsult indicates the
necessity ofa vigilant supervision. Banks are [
the creatures of the legislative power, and on this
power is devolved a 1‘t)SpOllS'll)llll_y' for the faithful,:
and salutary. adiuinistration of their all'-tiirs.-—
There is a constant tendency on the part of banks»
t.o increase and extend tlicircirciilatioii. Banks!
are anxious t.o iiicrctisc tlicirprolits, and individ-1
uuls to increase their business. The C011-Still“
operation oft.licse two causes is to keep the coni-
iiiiiuity flooded with the full amount of bank pa-
per which can be kept out. Tliis amount is fre-
quently exceeded and a rc-action takes placc.—
It is fiiund necessary to diminish the amount, .to_
accoinplisli this, indiviilnnls are pressed ‘for,
pnyniciit, the usual ziccoiiiniodations are \\‘llil-3
hcld, distrust and want of confidence iiici‘0uS0a g
and di.-:ti‘css and ruin follow. There are fli.ictii- Q
anions in business, undcr any circuiiistancos, and
there will be seasons of prosperity and adversity
in all coinitrics; but to those cliangcs which are;
n:it.iir2il, and which arise front the 01)(.‘l‘dllt)]lt)l'i
‘,1,ysiczil and politiczil czuiscs, in coiuitrics where
ilicrc is it papcr circiilzition, there are supcrziildcd
cliuiigcs which arise froui cziuscs pcciilizir to
tliciusclvcs. The llllclll-'Jl\l()llS in business are
found to be most frequent in tli‘ost;~__coiiiitrics which
have it paper currency, and to b about in pro-
portion to the extent of the paper iicdiuin. In
addition to those fluctuutioiis incid iitto our sys-
V.
She ufcoursc, sulli;rcil tho cvilsiiiscpzirablc from ; q”i(,>,CC,,c,,’ and if the same Ilcccssm. b.1,U,,],;; :,
such a \'1.s'l['clll(iI), undci. an). circiiiiistriiiccs, but 3 “g.ni” Occur, the Same Sp]-riuwum bc 1.113,,-L,-L,S,c(]_
that of the five litiiidred and forty-fotir I)ilYll§Sltc1's;1laI\' which is often severe.
which had been established in the United States, l doubted whether it was the intention of the 1 —.
five, were subject to cnrolluicut iii the militia.-
l but this was a time of trial, when our very exis- N
. tence as a iintioii was at. a stake. Necessity led: ‘ X
, to the adoption of this measure, and i1(.'()IlS(,'lUll$a~ l
;iicss ofthis iicccssity gave to it a cliccrful ac-
?i,liliti:iscrvicc in the ranks, by those who liavc- , _ F. ,
passed the ineridiau of life, is rcgardedtas .
grievance. The enrollincut of iiiiiiois is also
subject of coiuplaint, particularly on the part
masters, who find it a burthcn to be deprived
the services of ‘’':“-i" w V‘ f
takcii frorx -: i. -1 ‘:-s.v- »- 1": A ‘* '
The llr. _: 2: ‘ ‘ .-z
the hiilitiz '5 it. ~ '
l)lC l() Vilfl -:3 Hill :- "1 I‘ 1: ' -' '
ions in many cases and more especially :-
pects minors; and imposes on parents and iiz:::«.
It may we’! "
-i ?r,('!j’ ii‘ "ii".
. .1 , i .
.._....-. u
..
iiiers of our coiistitutiou, that the burthen _o.
ming and equipping themselves should be 11‘ _
soil on the militia. Power is given to Cong, »
to provide for arming the militia; but th
of .l.79§'2 rcquiresthe militia to furnish lI1C.l11S.t'i
with aruis and accoutrenicuts. This is. i:~
nature a capitation tax, and not laid acco
to the requirements of the constitution. I ~
ricncc has also shown that the militia._ c:
be armed in this mode to any effect.
the applications which fromtiine to time
been made to the General Assembly for .
pcnsation for injuries received from their 2
it is apparent that they are not in all his 2
what tlicyshould be. Chcapness is an i u,
taiitcoiisidcratioii in their purchase. The-' .
:ippc.'tr well but there is no certainty th: '
would stand those tests, to which (1.11 :1 ‘
this kind should be submitted. h _
The oncrousiicss ofthe niilitia service '
duccd a resort to everv kind ofcxpcdient ti
its burthens. The success ofthcse efforts"
paired its ellicicncy, and the conciousness
want of efficiency has had a further tend
lesson its popularity, and increase tlie,‘ (2.
tents. Tlicsc causes have been longit
tioii and the lccliiig on l.lllSStll)jC(,'l is sti
if somctliiuj, is not done, ifrclicf is not
gi'aiitcil, lllf:l’C is reason to fbtir the utter
tion of our militia system. '
The cxpcdients to which re‘
been had; sncli as diuiinislii
tniiiiiiigs, and dispensing iv"
and exempting the seni
trained bands, and rer r"
_
4)‘ 7-‘:
Norwalk Chronicler