_.r
n_:.__
the dividend withheld; and that all laws con-
necting the Government or its ollicers with the
Bank, directly or indirectly, be repealed; and.
that the institution be left hereafter to its own re-
sources and means.
Events have satisfied my mind, and I think
the minds of the American People, that the mis-
chiefa and dangers which flow from gt National
Bank far overbalance all its advantages. The
bold effort the present Bank has riiade to control
the Government, the distress it has wantonly
produced, the violence of which it has been the
occasion in one ofour cities famed for its obscr--
vance of law and order, are but prcmoiiitions ot
the fate which awaits the American People
should they be deluded into a perpetuation of
this institution, or the est,ablislunciit of anoth-
er like it. It is fervently hoped, that thus ad-
monished, those that have heretofore favoured
the establishment of a substitiito for the present
Batik, will be induced to abandon it, as it is evi-
dently better to incur any iiicoiivcrrii.-nee that
may be reasonably expected, than to concentrate
the whole moneyed power of the Republic in
any form whatsoever, or under any restr‘ictioi'is.
Happily it is already illustrated that. the agen-
cy of such an institution is not irecessary to the
fiscalopcratiousoftlie Goverinneut. The State
Banks are found fully adequate to the perforiir-'
ance of all services which were 1'cqtrir'ctl of the
Bank of the United States, quite as promptly,
and with the same',_; clie:ipiiess. They have
maintained tlicmselvcs and discliargei.l all these
duties, while the Bahk of the United Stat cs was
still powerful, and in the field as an open crie-
my; and is it not possible to conceive that. they
will find greater dilliciilties in their operations,
when that enemy shall cease to exist.
The attention of Coiigmss is earnestly invited
to the regulation of the deposites in the State
Banks, by law. Altliouglr the power now excr-
cised by the Executive Dt‘1)i1l‘llll(:l1l. in this be-
half, is only such as was uiiifornily exerted
through every Adiniiiistration from the origin of
the Governineut up to the establisliiiiciit. of the
present Bank, yet, it is one which is siisceptiblc
ofrcgulation bylaw, aird, therefore, ought so to
be regiilateil. . The power of Congress to direct
in what places the Treasurer shall keep the mon-
eys iii the Treasury, and to impose restrictions
upon the Executive authority, in relation to thcicr
custody and removal, is unlimited, and its excr-
cis will rather be courted than discouraged by
these public ollicers and agciits on whom rests
the responsibility for their safety. It is desirable
that as little power as possible should be left to
the Presii_leiit or sccrct:iry ofthc Trezisiiry over
those institutions--whicli, being thus freed Exec-
utive influence, aiid without a common head to
direct their operations, would have neither the
tcmptaticii nortle ability t r interfere in the polit-
ical conflicts ofthc country. Not deriving their
charters from the national autlioities, they would
never have those iudiicenieiits to meddle in gen-
cral elecions, which have led the Bank of‘ the
United Statsto ziggitatc and convulse the coiiii-
try for upwards of two years.
The progress of our Gold coinage is creditable
to the oliice-rs ofthc mint, and p1'0llllSt‘a' in a
short period to fiiriiisli the country with a sound
and a portable currency, which will iiiuch di-
minish the iiicoiivciiicnce to travelers of a want
ofa general paper ('l1I‘l‘C1t(.'_\', shoulil the State
banks be incapable of furnisliing it. ' ‘hose in-
stitutions have already shown tlicuiselvcs coin-
peteiit to purchase and fiiruisli domestic exclinge
for the convenience oftrade at reasonable rates
and not a doubt is cntcrtaiiicd that, in a short pe-
riod, all the wants ofthc couutrv in bank accom-
modations and exchange wilf be supplied as
promptly and as cheaply as tlicv have hereto-
tofore been by the bank of the United States.-
gradually to reform their banking svsteins, and
prohibited the issue ofall small notes, we shall,
in a few years, have a currency as sound, and as
little liable to fluctuations any otlicre corn-
mercial country.
The report of the sccrctar_v of \Var, together
with the accompanying documents from the sev-
eral biireaux ofthat Department, will exhibit the
situation of the various objects connnitted to its
administration.
No event has occurred since vour last session
rendering necessary the inovemdcnt ofthe arinv,
with the exception ofthc expedition of the. regi-
merit of Dragoon; into the territory of the waVn-
dcring and predatory tribes iiiliabitiiig the wes-
tern frontier and living adjacent toihc Mex-
ican boundary. ’ ‘I-iese tribes have been hereto-
fore known to us principally by their attacks
npoii our own citizens and upon other Indians
entitled to the protection of the Unted States.—-
It became ncccssaty for the peace ofthc frontiers
to check these habitual inroads, and I airi liappv
to inform you that the object has been elfectcil
without the coininissioir of any act of hostility.
Colonel Dodge, and the troops under his com-
mand, have acted with equal tiriniiess, and an
arrangement has been made with those Indians,
which it is hoped will assure their permanent
pacific relations with the United States and the
other tribes of Indians upon the border. It is to
be regretted that the prevalence of sickness in
that quarter has deprived the country of a iuiin-
ber of valuable lives, and p:irt.icularlv that of
Gen. Lavenwortli,'aii ollicer well know and es-
tccmed for his gallant services in the late war,
and for his subsequent good conduct, has fallen a
victim to his zeal and his exertioiis in the dis-
cliargc of his duty.
The army is in a high state of diciplinc. Its
moral condition, so far as that is known here, is
good, and the various branches ofthc publicscr-
vice ai'e carefully attciided to. It is amply suf-
hciciit, under its present organization, for provi-
ding the iiccessary gari'isoiis tor the .<c;r—bor;ul;1m1
for the defence ofthc internal fi'onti(-r, and also
tor preserving the clcinciits of military knowl-
cilgc, and for keeping pace with l.l1f)5L‘.llllI)I‘0\"G-
niciits which modern cxpcrieiicc is contiiiiially
Illztliing. AJILI those objects appear t.o me to cirr-
brace all the legitiiriatc l)lj[‘[)(),\_‘(;g for whit-[1 a
permanent niilitar_v force should be mgiinminctl
in our country. The lessons of history teach us
its danger, and the tcudeiicy which exists to an
increase. This can be best met and :ivcrt.cd by
ajust caution on the part ofthc public itself, and
0f‘tho:~‘e who represent them in eoiigress.
It rom the tlll'tit,‘.~_l which devolve. on the Eiiginccr
p(3l')2tTll]1Cfll, and upon the Typo_'_rrupliical Eu-
giiiecr.-:, a dillereiit organization seems to be dc-
inaiidod by the public interest, anp I recoiiiiirciiil
the 5”l)_l(-‘C1 it) your coiisidcration.
No iiiiport.ant cliaogc has, during t.his season,
taken place in the coiidition ofthc Iiiiliaiis. Ar-
rangement are in progress for the removal ofthc
C‘WUli~“a and will be soon for the removal of t.lic
501‘IlH1_0lt¢!»'-_ I i'cgi'i‘t. that the Cherokees cast of
the Mississippi have not yet ilc,-rm-mi;,m_|, as ;.
‘30’”"1U”'l)’s to remove. Ilow long the person-
ul .(.‘?1lI.’<.(‘£S which have lici'ct.olbre i'ctari.li-d that
ululnately inevitable measure, will coiitiiiue to
operate, I am unable to i,-oiijet,-um), [L is (,(_.,-;,,-,i,,,
liowever, that delay will bring with it accuuiii-
latcd evils; \Vlll('.I] will rcnrlcr l.llt'l|' (-muljiion
more and more unpleiisaiit. The i-xp,.,.i(,m,,‘_ up
cvery year adds to the conviction, tliat i-inigi‘a-
non, and that alone, can pri,-sci'vc fiuiiii ll(:.~‘.l[‘iu(‘-_
tioii the ri~inn.'iirt of the tribes yet. lix ing .'iiiioiii_r
The facility with wliicli the ll(‘t‘(‘&;,':ll‘lCS (Jr
ll.l(,'.2lI‘(: p_rociiri,-il, and the tri,-aty .5-iipu|;li}.;},s pm-
vidiiig aid for the eniigrant Indians in t.hi:ir' zig-
r'ici.iltiiral pursuit.-', aiul iii the iuiportaiit. t.'()Il(:(:l:l1
ol r-iliii-atiotl, dud their rcinoviil froiii Iliosi: cau-
s.-'cs which have llci'ct.ol'orc (l(3]H't‘.\‘.\'('(l all aiiil do-
stioyed iiiauy of l.lic tribes ciiiiiiot. fail to stimu-
lLllt."lll(:ll‘ cxcrtioiis and to reward thi-i1‘ iiidust.i'y.
V 'Ilic two laws p:i.~:sctl at the lust scssioii of
f»"“.'.'r(-ss on the Iudiaii all'airs, have bccii car-
rlord iiilo clii:ct, and t_lL:lilIl(_‘(_lll1sl1'uclll)llS liir their
atliiiiiiistratioii liavc l)L’(.'l1 givi-ii. It will be
seen by the prcsciit scissioii, tliat. a great. redur:-
tion will take place in the cxpciulitiires of the
(lt‘p£U‘l.l'llcl]l. in consequence of these laws. And
there is reason to believe that their opcralioii will
be saliitary, and that the coloiiization ofthc Iii-
(ll-'lll.'~i on the wcstcrii l'roiitici', together with :1 pl-
dicioiis .~.-'y.-ti,-iii of.'.idiiiiiii:.tratioii, will still fuitlicr
rvdtlcc the c:-;p4~iises ofthis l)fi'.l!l(fll of the public
>l'l’Vl(.'L’, and at the saine liiiic pr‘oiii.oti: its use-
l'iihii:ss and etlsicucy.
Circumstances have been developed, showing
the existence of extensive frauds under the vari-
ous laws granting pensions and gratuities for Rev-
olutionary services. It is impossible to estimate
the amount which may have been thus fraudu-
lently obtained from the national treasury. I am
satisfied, however, it has been such as to justify
a re-exarniiiation ofthc systern, and the adoption
of the necessary checks in the administration.—
All wil agree, that the services and sufferings of
the remnant of our Revolutionary band, should
be frilly compensated. llut while this is done,
every proper precaution should be taken to pre-
vent the admission of fabricated and frautlulent
claims. In the present mode of proceeding the
at.tcstat.i0us and certificates ofthc judicial ollicers
of the various States, from a considerable por-
tion of the checks which are iiiterposed against
the coiiunissioii offrauds. Tliese, however, have
been, and, may be fabricated, and in such a
way as to elude detection, att
ces. And iiidcpendeutly of tl
cully, it is ascertained that Il:(}.‘_'.(.‘ documents are
often loosely granted ; sometimes even bank
eirtificates have been issued; soiiictiincs prepar-
arid, in one instance at least, the seal of the
court lias been within reach of a person niost in-
iCl'(.‘SlC(l. in its improper application.
It; is obvious t.liat, under such (“ll‘('lt‘n”tSl.«']l1CCS,
no severity of administration can clieck the a-
buse of the law ; and _iiiformation ha.-', from time
lice, questioning or deuyiiig the right of persons
country.
to and examined.
end, in conforniit y with the suggestion of the sec-
bc made in each state, into the circinnstuiices
and claims ofevery person now drawing a pen-
sion. The honcst veteran has notliing to fear
froiu such a scriitiiiy, while tliefraiidulerrt. claim-
ant will be dctccted, and the public treasury re-
lieved to an amount, I have reason to believe, far
gi'eati-r than has licretofore been siispcctcil. The
details of such a plan could be so regiilatcd as
to iiitcrpose the necescary clrcclss, without any
hurthensome operation upon the peiisioiicr:-',—-
The object should be two-fold—
I. To look into the original _jll.'~.1llCC of the
claiins, as far as this can be done iinder a prop-
tlie claimants tlicmsclves, and by inquiring, in
the vicinity, of their residence, imo their history,
and into the opinion entertained of their revolu-
tionary services.
origiiial claimant is living, and this by artual
personal iuspcctioii.
This measure will, if adopted, be productive,
I think, of the desired result, and I therefore re-
connnend it to your consideration, with the frir-
ther suggestion, that all payments should be sus-
pended till the necessary reports are received,
It will be seen by a tabular statement aiinex-
ed to the documents‘ transmitted to Coiigrcss,
that the appropriations for objects coniiected with
the \Var Department, made at the last ssssioii,
for the service of 133-1, excluding the permanent
appi'opriations for the payment of military gra-
tuities under the act of June 8, 1837?, the impro-
priation oftwo hundred thousand dollars for urin-
ing and equipping the militia, and the appropri-
ation often tliousand dollars for the civilization
of the Indians, which are not annually rciiewcd,
saiiil two liniidred and sixty one dollars, and the
estimates of the appropriations necessary for
the satire branches ofservicc for the year JSZ}-'3,
aiiiount to the sum of live millions seven liuii-
drcd and seveuty—eiglit; thousand nine liun.li'cd
and sixty-four dollars, making a dill'crcnce in the
appropriations of the currant year over the esti-
nratcs of appr0priat.ioir for the next, of three
millions two hundred and twcntv-four [l1()us;u1i_l
two liuudrcd and ninety-seven ifellars.
The principal causes which have opcrnlutl
at this time to produce this great (llIlI‘l‘(.‘IlC‘(3, are
shown in the reports and doizument:-t, and in the
detailed estimates. Some of these causes are
accidental and temporary, while otliers are per-
manent, and aided by ajust course of adiniiiis-
tration, may aontimie to operate beneficially up-
on the public expenditures.
A just economy, expending where the public
service requires, and withholding where it does
not, is among the indispensable duties of the
Govci'iunent.
I refer you to the accompanying report of the
Secretary of the Navy, and to the dociiiucnts
with it, for a ftill view of the operations of that
important. branch of our service, during the pres-
ent year. It will be seen tliht the wisdom and
libcrality with which Congress have provided
for the gradual increase of ourjiravy in aterial,have
been seconded by ccorrcsponding zeal and fidel-
ity oii the part of those to whom has been confi-
(led the execution ofthc laws on the subject, and
that_but a short period would be now required to
put in coiiiinission a force large enough tor any
cxigcncy in which the country may be tlirowii.
\Vheir we reflect upon our position in relation
to other nations, it must be apparent, that in the
event ofcontlicts with them, we must look chief-
ly to our navy for the protcct.ion of our national
riglits. The wide seas which separate us from
other govcrriinents, must ofileccssity be the tlica-
trc on which an enemy will aim to assail us, and
unless we are prepared to meet him on the ele-
ment, we cannot be said to possess the power
requisite to rebel or prevent aggressions. \Vc
cannot, tlicrcforc, watch with two much :i.ttcnt.ion
this arm of our defence, or cherish with two
much care the means by which it can possess
the necessary ctliciency and extcntioii. To this
end our policy has been licretofore wisely direc-
ted to the constant employment of a force stilli-
ciciit t.o guard our coniini-:rce, and to the rapid
accumulatiori of the materials, which are neces-
sary to repair our vessels, and construct. with
case such irew ones as may be required in a
state of war.
In accordance with this policy, I recommend
to your coirsidcratioii the erection of the addition-
al Dry Dock described by the;Secretary of the
f\iit\’y, aird also the construction of the Steam
Batteries 10 which he has referred, for the pur-
pose of testing their efficacy as auxiliaries to
the system of defence now in use.
The report of the I’osti'i’iastcr (}cnci‘:il, licre-
with subiiiittcd, exhibits the condit.ioii aiiil pros-
pects of that I)epai'ti'ncnt. From that doc u irient.
it appears that there was a deficit in the funds
of the ])(‘pi'll‘l.l1’lCIll, at the cornmcnccnicntofthc
present year bcyouiid its available nicaiis, the
tlircc huiidred arid liftecii thousand live liiiiiilred
and niiicty-riiuc dollars and ninety-ciglit cents,
which on the Ist ofJiily last had been rcdui-ed
to two liundi'ed and sixty-ciglitthousand iiii’icty-
two dollars and severity-lour cents. It appears,
also, that the revciiues for the coming yr.-iii‘ will
ext-ecil the CX1)Cfll_llllll'C:5 about two lruiiilred and
severity thousaiirl dollars, which with the excess
of I‘(‘.\'l_’llllC which will result from the operations
ofthc L‘Ul'l'Cl'Il. lialfyeur, may be expected, indo-
pciiilciitly ofaiiy iiicri.-use iii the gross aiirouiit of
pr)-itzigiis, to supply the entire dclicit: bcli;iretlie
ciid oflS3$»'3. Ilut as this calculation is prised on
the gross aiiioiiiit. of postagi-s which had accurcd
within the ])t.‘l‘l!Itl eiubnicisil by tho tiiiirjs ol'.<|.ri-
king the balariccs, it is obvious that \vitl'ioiit a
pi'ogri-ssive iiicrease in the uiiiount of piistiigi-.-,
the i-xistiiig rctrericlinicnts must be pi.-i'.~'i~vi-i‘i-i_l
in tliroiigli the year I836, tliat. the .lli-p:ii'liiiciit
mayaccuiiiulateasurpliisfuiid sullicicrit. t.o place
it in a (fHntlll.l()ll of p(.'l'll:f_'l_ case.
It will be observed that. the l'CVCll|H‘S of the
Post. Utlicc ])(3I)1.ll'llIl('Jll though they have iii-
crcascd, arid their‘ auioiiiit. is above that ofaiiy
liiriiicr year, have not liilliin short ofthc esti-
inatcs more t.haii a hundred thousand dollars.—
'_l‘lii.-‘; is attributed in agrcat. dcgrecto tlic ii'ici'e;iso
of free letters growing out of the extciision and
ahiiscof the fraiiking privilege. Tlu-.i'e li.-is been
a gradual lll(:I‘l." so in the iiumbcr of cxi:i:iiI.ive
ollicc.-I to which it has been granteil; and by an
act. I):l$.§'(!(,l in Marcli, ISIJ3, it was ('Xl('ll(l(.‘ll to
iiieiiibcrs ofCoiigi‘css throughout. tl ii: whole year.
It believed that a revision of the laws relative
ed papers have been signed without iiiquiry;,
to time, been communicated to the I’crision Of— i
placed upon the pension list to the bounty ofthc {
Such cautions are always attended ,
But a far more gciicral iii- i
vc.-:tigation is called for, and I tlicrelore recoiu—l
rctary of war, that an acliial irispcction should 3
er systeiir of regulations, by am cxaiiiinaticir of
To ascertain, in all cases, wlicther thcj
ainoimtcd to the sum ofiiine millions tlirec thoii— 1
to the franking privilege, with some cnactmciits
to enforce more rigidly the re‘strictions under
which it is granted, would operate beneficially
to the country, by enabling the department at
an earlier period to restore the mail faciltics that
have been witlidrawn, and to extend them riiorc
widely as the growing settlement ofthc country
may reqnre.
To a measure so important to the Governmet,
and so just t.o our constitutcnts, who ask no ex-
clusive privili=}__-:cs for themselves, and are not
willing to i-oiicede them to others, I earnestly
recommend the serious attention ofCougress.
The iinportance oftbe Post()rlice Depaiitineiit,
and the magnitude to which it has grown, both
in its revenues and its operations, seem to de-
tlie absence of a constitutional provision making
out their respective boundaries, cannot be doubt- 5
ed.
The local advantages to be obtained would in
three the states to overlook in the beginning the
dangers and difficulties to which they might
ultimuately be exposed.—-—Tlie powers exercised
by the Federal Government would soon be re-
garded with jealousy by the state authorities,
and originating as they must from iiriplicaton or
as.~3umptioii, itgwould be impossible to allix to
them certain and safe liinirs. Opportunities
and temptations to the assumption of power iii-
coinpatible with state sovereignty would be in-
creased, and those barriers wliich resist the ten-
dency ofour system towards consolidatioir great-
lrnaird its re-oigiriiizatioii by law. The whole
iof its receipts and disbursements have hitherto;
jbecu left eut.ircly to Executive control, and dis-
}cretiou. The principle is as sound in relation
j fitted to t.lio Executive officer who controls it, as
l is compatible with its efficiency. It is tliereforc
l earnestly recommended that it be organized with
9 an Auditor and Treasurer of its own, a ppoirited
:1 by the Pl'CSltlt_:1ll'. and Senate, who shall be bran-
‘ clies of the ’J.‘i‘e:isui'y Departineiit. _
l Your attcntiori is again respectfully invited to
3 the defect which exists in the Judicial Systein of
E the United States. Nothing can be more i,li::-,:ir-
‘able than the uiiiform operation of t.lie I*'edcr:il
I Juiliciary throiigliout the several States, ofwliicli,
standing on the saine footing as members ofth-2
Union, have equal rights to the a<,lvaiitagc.~.= and
benefits resulting froiri its laws. Tliis object is
not att.air‘ii-d by the judicial acts now in lorcc,
becaiisc they leave one fourtlioftlie States witli-
out Circuit Courts.
"lit uiidoubtcdly the duty of Congrc.=s to place
all the states on the saint: footingiri this rispcct,
eitlicr by the creation of an additioii2.il lilltl1l)Cl'
of associate. judges, or by air ciilargnii-iit of the
circiiitsassigned to those already appoiiiled, so
as to include the new states. VVllZll(‘-VC1‘ may
be the dilliculty iii a proper organization ofthc
judicial system, so as to seciire its elliciericy and
uiiiforiirity in all parts oftlie Uiiion. and at the
same time to ax oid such an iircrcasc ofjiidgcs as
would incuiiibcr the supreme appellate tribunal,
it should not be allowed to weigh against tl.e
great. injiistice which the present operation ofthc
system produces.
I trust that I may be also pardoned for renew-
ing the reconimcndatioii .l. have so often submit-
elccting the I’resii.lciit and Vice Presiilciu: ofthc
I'nit.ed States. All the reflection I have been
able to bestow upon the subject, iiicrcases my
conviction that the best interests of the country
will be promoted by the adoption of some plan
3 which will secure, in all contingcsccs, that im-
iportant right of soveirrigiity to the direct coiitrol
jofthc people. Could this be attained, aiidthe
terms oftliosc olliccrs be limited to a single pc-
iriod of either four or six years, I thing our liber-
§tics would possess an additional safe guard.
At your last: session I called the attention of
5 Congress to the destrtictioii ofthc building occu-
pied by the Treasury Dcpartiiient. As the
jpublic interests require.~:- that another building
ishould be erected, with as little delay as possi-
jble, it is hoped that the incaiis will be se:isoiia-
it ble provided, and thattliey will be ample ciioiigli
to autliori;/.c sucli an ciilai'gcnieiit and improve-
fniciit in the plan of the building as will more
l elfccttiiilly acconiinodate the public ollicei‘.-.', and
:sccurc the public docuirrciits deposited in it from
jthe casiilzitics of lire. '
l I have not been able to sati-rfy iiiysclf that the
fbill entitled “and Act to iiriprovc the iiavigatioii
[ofthc \Vab:i.-:li river,” which was sent to me at
ithe close of your last session, ought to pass, and
ll liave therefore withlield froiu it my approval,
1 and now return it to the Senate, the body in
I which it originated.
Th:-re can be no question coiiiic«=1l;dJ.'itli the
adiiiiiiistiatioii of public :ill'aii's, more l]1l])t1l‘l«'fl1l.
or more dillir-tilt. to he satisfact.ori.ly dralt. writii.
than that which relates to iliu ri_~_-in‘i>_.‘.‘ ;uuh._sm\_.
and proper iir.-tioii oftlie Federal Uovi-rrrmciiis
iipoutlie subject.ofliiteriial lir1pro'veinciits—. To
inlieret eiiibarra.-tsmeiits have been added others
resulting from the course of otir legi;-lation con-
ccriiiirg it.
I have licretofore communicated freely with
Congress upon this subject, and in advcrting to
it again, I cannot refrain from cxpressiiig iriy
increased conviction of its extreme importance,
as well in regard to its bearing upon the main-
tenance of the Constiututioii and the prudent
nuuiageineiit oftlie public revenue, as on acctiiiiit
of its disturbing effect upoir the liaimouy ofthc
Union.
\Vc are iii no danger from violation of the
Constitution by which eneroachments are made
upon the per.-roiial rights of the citizeii. The
sentence of eonilcinuation long Since pronounc-
ed by the Aiiicrican People upon acts ofthat
cliaracter, will, I doubt: riot, coiitimie to prove. as
salutary in its ellcirts as it is irri-.versible in its
nature. But against the dangers of iiiicoiistit.ri-
tional acts which, instead of menacing the ven-
gcaucc of oll'r.-iiileil aut.liority, proffer local ad-
vantages, aiid bring in their train to the patron-
age ofthc Government, we are, I fear, not so
safe. To siippose that. because our (i‘i‘()ll(‘.l'Ill1](‘lJt
has been instituted for the benefit of the I’eople,
it must t.lici‘cfore have the power to do whatever
may sccii to couduce to the public good, is an er-
ror, into which even honest iniirils are too apt to
fall, In vealdiiig tlicinselves to this fallacy,
they overlook the great considi-ratioiis in which
the Federal Constitution was founded. They
forget that couscqueiico ofthc conceded diversi-
ties in the iuterrest and condition ofthc tlllll-‘l’(fl1l.
States, it was foresecir, at the period ofits adop-
tion, thtit although a particular iiieasure ofthc
(i()\’C1‘llIllC1"il might be beneficial and proper in
one State, it iriiglit be t.lic I'C\'E‘t‘>'(.‘ in aiiotlici'—
tliat it was for this reasoii tlre_Statcs would hot
consent. to make a grant. to the Federal Uoverii-
merit of the genera and usual powers ofGov-
criunc.-nt, but of such only as were spccilically
ciuiuieratcd, and t.lic probable effects of which
they could, as they thought, safely anticipate:
and they forget also the paraiiioiint. obligat.ioii
upon all to abide by the compact, then so solem-
iily, and, as it was hoped, so lirinly establislued.
In addition to the dangers to the. Coustitiitioii
springing from the sources I have stated, tlicre
has been one which was perluips g‘l‘('t1i(‘l‘ than
all. I allude to the materials which this subject
has tillimlcd for siiiistcr appeals to scllish feel-
ings, and the opinion licretofore so exteusivcl_v
Clll(,’l‘l.2.1lllt3:.l ofits adaptatioii to the purposes of
persorial auibition. \Vitli such stiniularits, it
not surprising t.liat. the acts and p1'eteiisioiis of
the. ,li‘i:dci'al Government in this behalf should
soiiicliines have been carried to an alarming ex-
tent. Tlie questions which have arisen upon
this subject, have relatcd-—-
Isl. Totlie power ofmakiiig internal improve-
|flt.‘lll.S within the limits of a State, witlithcriglrt
of tci'ritorial jurisdiction, suflicicrit at least for
lllt‘.ll' pi'csi-i'valioiiaiul use.
2i_l. To the right of appropriatiiigmoney in aid
of such works when (.‘.Il.l'l'l(‘(l oii by/Ha State or by
:1 coiiipiuiy in virtuzi of »‘_'i.'it.i-. autlioritv, sur'rcii-
during the claim ol'jiii'isdii-tiori, and I
3d. To the pi'opi'icty of zI.ppr'opi'izitioii for iiii-
proveiiiciils ofa partii-ul:ii' class, vi’/.; tin‘ liglit-
liousi-s, |_ir-at-oiis, buoys, public piers, and lbrllie
removal of sand bars, suwyers, and ()lIl("I' terri-
por:u'y and partial iiiipciliineiits in our naviga-
ble rivcizs and liarbors.
Tlic claiins of power for the Cicircrul (i‘o\‘er'ii-
ll'iI'l)l. uplur each oftlicso points certiiinly pres-
ent Ill1ll.l(.‘l’ ofthc, ilei-pt-sts interest. The lirst is
liowever of inucli the greatest. iinportanci.-, inas-
iiiuch as, in addition to the ilangcrs of unequal
and iiiiprovideiit. expceiiditiitcs of public iiioiieys,
coiniiion to all, there is siiperiiildeil to t.liat. ofthc
coiillictiiigjurisdictions ofthc respe'ct.ive Govern-
ments. I<'cderal jtirisdiction, at least to the ex-
tciil. I have stated, has pcen justly regarded by
its :id\-'ocat.es as 1ICCf3SSl'l’lly appiii't.eiiaiit to the
power in question, iftliat. exists by the conste-
tution. Tliat the most injurious C(’ll'lIll(.'lS would
iiiiavoiilably arise between the respcctivcjui'is-
diction of the state and federal governmeiits, in
ted to your iittciition, in regard to the iiiode of
ly weakened. The officers and agents ofthc
general Government might not always have
the discretion to_abstain from intermeddliiig with
lslate concerns; and if they did, they would not
he examining olli- ‘ to this as to any other Department of the Gov- always escape the suspicion of having done so
iis practical ditli-— ei'imieiit, that as little discretion should be con-l
Collisions, and conseqeut irritations, would
; spring up---that liarmoiiy which should ever ex-
list between the general goveriiiircnt and each
iiieniber of the Confederacy, would be frequciit-
ly interrupted---a spirit of conteiitioii would be
eiigeiiilcim-i.l, and the dangers of division greatly
rnultiplicd.
Yet we all know that notwitlistanding these
grave objcctioiis, this dangerous doctrine was at
one time apparently proceeding t.o its final est ab-
lisliiiicnt with fearful rapidit._v. The desire to
L‘1lll)L!l'l\' the federal goveriuncnt in works ofintcr-
ual iiiiprovciiicnt, prevailed in the liiglic.-it ile-
gree, du ring the first scssioii of the first congress
that 1 had the ‘honour to meet in my prcsciit
situritioii. \'\"licn the l)lll1llllll()1'lSlllg€l$Ul)S('l‘l])-
tion on the part of the United States for stock in
the Mziy.-sville and Lexington Turnpike Coni-
jziiiiics, pa.-=scd the two I'Iouscs, tlicrc had been
rt-port.cd, by the coinuiittccs of l.ntci'nal l niprovi~—
iiecnt, bills coritaiiiiiig appropriatioiis for sucli ob-
jects, cxcliisivc of tlio.-c for the Ciiiribi.-rlaiid i'oad
and liir liarbors and light houses, to the aiiiouiit
ofabout. one liuiidrcd and six millions of dollars.
In this illllt tint was included authority to the
Secertziry of the Trcasiii'y to SUl.!SCl'll)C for the
stock of (lllll.:l'(.‘lli. companies to a gi':.-at extent,
and the rcsidiic was principally for the direct
coustriictioii of roads by this Govcriiniciit. In
addiiioii to these 1!l‘()_j(‘(.‘I§, which had been pre-
sented to the two IIOIISPS, under the sanction
arid rccoiiiiiiciidation of their respective couiniit-
tees oii Illlcflltil Iiirprovcincnts, there were t.lrcn
still pending before the coiririiitti-cs, and in nic-
inorials to Congress, presented, but not referred,
tllilt‘l‘L'l‘1t projects for works of a similar charac-
ter, the expense of which carinot be cstiiiiatcd
with ccrtaiiity, but must have exceeded one lniir-
l.ll'(~‘(.l millions of dollars.
llcgarding the bill autliorizirig a subscription
to the stock ofthc Maysvillc and Lexingt.onTurrr-
pike Company as the eriteriiig wedge of system
wliich, however weak at first, niight soon be-
come strong enough to rive the bands ofthc Uri-
ion asiiudcr, and believing that if its passage was
iicqiiicsccd in by the Exccutiue and the people,
tlierc would no longer be any limitation upon
the authority of the General Goverrimciit ir1 re-
spcit l.) t.lic appropriation of money for such ob-
jects I deemed it an imperative duty to withhold
from it the Execiitive approval. Although, from
the obvioiisly local character of that work, I
iuiglit. well have con iitcd inysclfwitli a rcfiisal
i_o;ipp1-ox-c the bill upon that ground, yet, sen.-iblc
of the vital importance of the subject, and anx-
ions that my views and opinions in regard to the
whole matter, should be frilly understood by
Coiigress aiul my constituents, I felt it my duty
to go further. I therefore embraced that early
or-casion to apprizc Congress, that, in my opinion,
the Constitution did not confer upon it the power
to authorize the construction of ordinary roads
and canals within the limits ofa State and to
say respectfully, that no bill admitting such a
power could receive my ollicial sanction. I did
so in the coiitident expectation that the speedy
settleuicnr. of the public mind upon the whole
subject would be greatly fac-ilitatcd by the difler-
encc between the two Illmisiis and myself, and
that the liariiioiiious action of the several LI-:p:irt—.
in crits ofthc Federal Goveriiiiiciit. in regard to it,
would be ultimat.ely secured.
So far at least as it regard this branch of the sub-
ject my best hopes have been realized. Nearly
four years have elapsed, and several sessions of
Congress have intervened, and no attempt with-
in my recollection, has been made to induce
Congress to exercise this power. The applica-
tions tbr the construction of roads and canals,
which were formerly nrultipl'g_ed upon your files,
are no longer presented; turd we have good rea-
son to infer that the current of public sentiment
has become so decided against. the pretension as
Cl'll"ClllZtll_V to discourage its re-assertion, So
thinking, I derive the greatest satis action from
the conviction, that thus much at least has been
secured upon this important and enibaras-'iiig
subject.
l«'roin attempts to appaopriate the national
funds to objects which are coiifesscdly of a local
character, we cannot, I trust, have anything fur-
ther to apprehend. My views in regard to the
expediency of niakiug appropriations for works
which are claimed to be of a national character,
and prosecuted under State authority, assuming
t.liet Congress have the right to do so, were started
in my airiuial message to COl1gI'(,‘.S.\_‘ in 1830, and
also in that containing my objections to the
Maysville Road Bill.
So thoroughly convinced am I, that no such ap-
])l'O[)l'l21llt)l‘lS ought to be made by Congress, un-
till a suitable const.itut.ional provision is made
upon the subject, and so essential do I regard the
point to the. highest iiiterests of our country, that
I could not consider inyself as discliarging my
duty to my coiistituciits in giving the Executive
sanction to any bill coiitairiing such an appro-
priation. '.l f the people of the United States de-
sire that. the public 'I‘reasury shall be resorted to
‘re
- for the incaiis to prosecute such works, they will
couciir in air amendment of the coiistitutioiis,
prescribirig a rule by which the national charac-
ter of the works is to be tested, a.iid by which the
greatest practicable equality of bcnelits may be
secured to each member‘ of the confedcrat-.y.—
The effects ofsuch a regulation would be most
salutary in prcventirig uriprofitable expenditures,
in securing our legislation from the pernicious
coriseqiiciiccs of a sci'a.mhli-. for the favors ol'Gov-
cruineiit, and in repressing the spirit of discon-
tciit which must iiievitably arise from an uric-
qual distribution of treasures which belong alike.
to all
There auotlicr class of appropriations for
wliatiiiay be called, without lll11')l‘O[)l‘lt?l}’,llll(‘l'-
nal inipi'ovcuiciits, which li:-ive always been re-
gardcd as staiidirig upon different grounds from
those to \‘.-'lll(‘ll I have referred. I allude to such
as have for their object the iiriprovcuicnt of our
harbors, the removal of partial and teinporary
obst.r'iictioiis in our navigable rivers, for the facil-
ity aiid security ofour foreign commerce. The
groiinds upon which I distiiigiiisli appropriations
of this cliaracti'-r from others, have already been
stated to Coiigicss. I will now only add, that
at the first session of Congress under the new
coiistitutioii, it was provided by law, that all ex-
pi-rises wliicli should accrue from and after the
.l.-'3th day ofAiigust. I789, in the iiccc:<s:i.i'y sup-
port. and inaintenaiicc and repairs of all light
liouses, beacons, buoys, and public piers crccted,
placed, or sunk, before the passage of the act,
within any bay, irilct, liarbor, or port of t.lic
United States, for rendering the navigation there-
of safe, should be defrayed out of the treasury
of the United States; and further, that it should
be the duty of the Secretary ofthc Treasury to
provide by contract, with the approbat.ioii of the
_I)l'CSl(lt"Jll, for rebuilding when necessary and
l{(,‘t‘1')lllg in good repair the light-liou.‘-‘es, beacons,
buoys, and public piers in the several states, aiiil
for furiiishing them with supplies. Appropria-
tions for similar objects have been continued
front that time to the pi cscnt; without interrup-
tioii or dispute. As a natural consequence of
the iiicrcasc and cxtensioii of our foreign C0111-
nierce, ports of entry and delivery have been
multiplied and establslied, not only upon our
scaboi-ird but in the interior of the country, {upon
our lakes and navigable rivers. The conveni-
ence and safety of this commerce have led to the
gradual extension of these expenditures to the
erection of light houses, the placing, planting,
and sinking of buoys, beacons, turd piers, and to
the removal of partial and temporary obstruc-
tions in our navigable rivers and in the harbors
upon our great lakes, as well as on the seaboard.
Although I have expressed to Congress my
my apprelieusioiistliatthese expenditures have
sometimes been extravagant and disproportion-
ate to the advantages to be derived from them, I
have not felt it to be my duty to refuse my as-
sent to bills containing them, and have content-
ed myselfto follow in this respect in the footsteps
of all my predecessors. Sensible, however,
from experience and observation, of the great
abuses to which the unrestricted exercise of this
authority by Congress was exposed, I have pre-i
scribed a limitation for the government of niyi
own conduct, by which expenditures oftliis char-
acter are confined to piaces below the ports ofen-
trg and delivery cstablislicd by law. I am very
as could be desired, and that much embarrass-
ment may be caused to the executive depart-
mom in its execution, by appropriations for re-
mote aiid not well understand objects. But as
neither my own ri llcctions nor the lights which
I may ])i‘t)p('1'ly derive from other sources, have
supplied me with a better, I shall continue to ap-
ply my best exertions to a faithful ripplicatioii of
Ilie rule upon which it is founded. I siiicerelv
regret that I could not give my assent. to l.ll(' bill
cutitlct “An act to tiiiprove tlfc iiavigatioii oftlic
\Vabasl1 river ‘V’ birt I could not liave done so
without. reccdiiig fooiii the ground which I. have,
upon the fiillc.'~:t tousidcratioii, taken upon this
subject, and of \vliicl'i (.'ongrcss has been licre-
tolbrc apprised, anil witliout throwing the sub-
ject again open to abuse, which no good citizen,
ciitertaiiiiiig my opinions, could desire.
I rely upon the intelligence and candor ofinv
fellow citizens, in wliose liberal indulgence “I
have already so largely participated, for a cor-
ri.-ct appreciatioii of my motives intcrpo_siug as I
have doirc on this and other occasioiis, checks to
a course of legislation which, without in the
.—;liglitest degree calling in question the motives
of others, I C()llI<ltlt‘I' as saiictioniog iiiipropei'iiiid
uriconstitutioiial i:xpciiditurcs ofpublic treasure.
I am not hostile to internal iinprovciirents,
rind wish to see Ilieiii extended to svery part of
the country. Brit I am fully persuaded, iftlicy
are not coiiimeiiccd in a properniaiiiicr, coriliiicd
to proper objci-ts, and conducted under an au-
thority geiicrally conccdcd to be i'iglitfi.il, that a
successful prosecution ofthc-m cannot be reasoii-
ably expected. The attcinpt will meet with
1’CSlS[Z1IlCC where it might. otherwise receive sup-
port, and instead of strcngtlieiiirig the bonds ol
our coiifedcracy, it will only multiply and ag-
gravate thc cause of disunion.
AN DRE \V JACKSON.
December‘ 1, 183-1.
rs‘ onvvdffiis on 25 E '1"r‘.u.
I“}f{Il)A.1’ DEC. 12, 1331.
0:? The great length of the Prcsident’s Mes-
sage, has rendered necessary the curtailment of
our accustomed variety of rcadiiig and left us
but little room for our editorial lurnibrations.
Tiir: Pitr:sini~:r\"i*’s r\Ii~:ssAcr:.——\Ve have but
a few remarks to make upon the composition
and tone ofthis long document, or upon the sub-
jects upon which it professes to treat. It is evi-
dently written with more caution, with a greater
degree of affected in.....;i:iy, Wm, ,_.,.;,1-C marked
,_ I
‘tile rt‘
dei'crcncc- 1!.‘ "islative powers and wisdom
of Congress, than we have been accustomed to
see exliibitcd by the govcrninciit; all of which
we may account for by a desire, after having
taken the North by a coup (fatal to gain the
South and conciliate the rlactrimiulrcs of Virgin-
ia, by an atlccted horror of consolidation and an
anxiety to preserve to the several states their un-
impaired sovereignty, and frecrloni from control
by the Federal executive. In furtlierancc of
these views, we find the old Roman renouucirig,
in tom, the doctrines so boldly laid claim to in
the protest, and so pertiiiaciously conceded to
him by his partizans.
The words used in this renunciation, are iii-
dccd remarkable, although connected with
charges of miscoiiduct upon the Bank of the
United States which must cxeit.e a smile upon
the lips of the reader, not because of their ap-
plicability to the conduct of that iustitiition, but
to that ofthc writer himself and ofthc officers of
government under his direction, who have de-
rived from the executive himself “indiicemeiits
to meddle in general elections.” The iiiessage
says 2--
“The power of Congress to direct in what
places the Treasury shall keep the moneys in
the Treasur_v, and to impose restrictions upon
the ‘Executive autliorit.y, in relation to their cus-
torlv and removal, is unlimited, and its exercise
will rather be courted than discouraged by these
public otlicers and agents on whom rests the re-
sponsibility for their safety. It is desirable that
as little power as possible should be left to the
President or Secretary of the Treasury over
those institutioris-—wliicli, being freed from Ex-
ecutive influcnee, and without a common head
to direct their operations, would have neither the
t(-inptation nor the ability to interfere in the po-
litical conflicts of the country. Not deriving
their clrartersfroui the national authorities, they
would never have those inducements to meddle
in general elections, which have led the Bank
of the United States to agitate and eonvulsc the
country for upwards of two years.”
After having removed the public money froiu
its lawful place of dcpositc, he calls for a law
‘-to impose restrictions upon Executive authori-
ty, in relation to their custody and removal.”—
That is, being sensible of air abuse of power on
his part and fearful that the teniptation to do so
again, may be greater than the virtue in him of
rcsistcnce, he calls for new and specific laws-
as if any laws could binil siicli a public fuiictioii-
ary, who considers himself at liberty to execute
all laws as he understands them ; or who violat-
ing a law, is applauded; asks forgiveni-ss and
acknowledges it., and is applauded; and calls
for the eiiactincnt of new laws, which he. may
again violate, and be. applaiidcil ‘.7 \Vliy docs ll?
not replace the public money wliere he fouudil,
and then call for the enactment oflaws “to im-
pose restrictions upon the executive authority ‘.7
\Vould not this be the proper way 1
But, in whatever relates t.o the bank, he is
mail. His reason, his calmness, his self pos-
scssion, forsake him atonce when the “monster”
lills his mind, and like the scarcely less mad
Knight of La Mancini, he is for a tilt with the
wind-mills; and comes off with an equal de_-
grec of honor. Indeed, from the frequent man-
ifestations of lunacy the old gentleman makes
upon this subject, we are much inclined to the
sensible that this restriction is not as satisfai-toi'y,
a mimic pageant representing the dethroneinpnt’
of King Biddle and the burial of the Bank ,"ot up
to amuse mid sooth this second King Lear. ,‘
He seems to entertain a very singular ani-
mosity towards the revolutionary pensioners,
which it is quite ditlicult to account for, unless
indeed, he is jealous of their “glory,” and thin s
nothing short of the battle of New OrX?2a)r.S
should entitle any body to notoriety and reward.
After having voted against a series of resolutions
of thanks to Gen. \Vasliiugton on his retiring
from the Presideiiey, for his services in the field
and cabinet, a much better feeling could hardly
3'
‘ ,_ _ . . _
jbc I00t\(.d for in regard to those who fought and
bled with him 111 establisliing our national inde-
pendeiice. And hence, we find the message re-
coiiuucnding the appointiuent of a host of spies
. . ,
to make doiiiiciliiiiy visits to these old veterans
and to canvas their claims to a pensioii—mieant
while, and until these iiiqiiisitorial otlices shall
have been completed, to withheld from them
their just claiins to the national gratitude dud‘
b"“”l}'r and S0 stiller‘ many ofthcin to descend-
to their graves in pcnnury ; and all, becaufsc
some few villains have forged some few cer'ti,l,i-U
catcs and obtained money upon them, This i
the alleged reason; but the object is, in fact, 1
enlarge the powcrofilic executive and extend his:
riicaiis of iiilluciiciiig the elections by the ap-
pointniciit of a new batch ofspics and dep'eii-3
ilcnts.
I
Congress will not assent to such a -
shameful and tllSll()II()l‘Lll)I(_9 proposition, altliotfgh
the “greatest and best" would enforce it, if in "
his power, - -
Our relations with France are treated precise-
ly in the t.oiie and manner we long ago antidi;
Dated. \V:ir is the wish of the liitclicir Cabi-
“Ch for obvious i'casoiis; and after liavirig.
brought tlicse dilliculties upon the (.-lovc‘i'riiiicnt
in respect to our clainis——oi‘ the claims ofa fc.w
Insurance otl‘iccs—-by making them 3 pm.
l]1CZI:,=ll“;‘:,l1C natioii_ is called upon to sanction
war with our best friend and ancient ally——-
break up our coiiiinercc,
otir export. trade 1
iriziiiiifiictiirirs and agriciiltiiral products; to r
diicc our l'ariuers and 11l(,‘I'Cll:llllS to pciiury;
spend millions aiul involvethc country in a tie
debt—aiii.l what for L’ To avenge the disappoi l
ed aiiibitioii ofparty and to elevate Gen. Jae
-Co
The
claims will be paid, unless this hasty mena
son a third time to the Presidential cliair.
grcss will assent to no such proposition.
should stir up the chivalric temper of Fran
and make war or a renunciation of the tlirc
the alternative. But they would have been pa
before, had not the party been too greedy oft‘
“glory” of bringing the subject within ‘the scoj
ofthc acts ofthc 1)l‘(,':‘-(Elli Zl(llI'llIll$ll‘il.llt)I‘.. ’ ‘.
The allirirs of the Post Office I)cpartuici1t'ai
succinctly reviewed and ilcspatclicd with :1 1'
C()n]l]1CI]t_lZ1llt)l1 to curtail the frankiiig privifcg
of members of Congress, and connect it with tl
Treasury departmeiit. The lattcr‘would eov
any future deficiency on account of extras, 1)
vate contracts, &c., the former‘ is iriade to thr
du.-it into the eyes ofthc people. To ncithbr
these proportions will Congress assciit.‘ . T
gross iiiisiiiaii:-igcnieut of the Post Master Gen
ral cannot be explained away by assigiiing t
franking privilege as a cause ofexcqssive expe
diturc.
In his review of the Treasury Departure
“one million one hundreil and fifty thousqi .
dollars” is reported among the balances? “as n
clli)ct.ive.” Are these. the notes of “pet banks
broken after receiviiig the public deposite_
Ve should like to know. I ’
The following contains a virtual abantlo
merit of the assuiription that the State bafiks ca
do the busiiiess of the govcrniuent as well. as t.l
bank of the Uiiitod States; while the assertio
that gold “proniises in a short period to farms
the Country with a sound and portable eurrei
ey,” is childish in the extreme. \Vhere is th
gold to come from? and if obtained, how can i
ever supply the place of notes and drafts of .
national bank, when its transportation, wher
the amount is large and the distance great—cx
coeds by ten times, the expense of discount up
on current bills ? \Vitli equal sagacity he refer
to the time when our State banks shall “pro ibi
the issue of small notes,” with the promise tl
our currency shall be equal to airy other cor
mercial country.” It is but a short time since
and until he nieddled with it,—tliat our currerr
was better than that of any other country. 5
his own admission it is now worse. He says :
“The progress of our gold coinage is credit
ble to ths ollicers ofthc mint, and promises in
short. period to furnish the country with a S.0'l1.I
and portable currency, which will much drmu
ish the iirconvenience to travellers of the want o
a general paper currency, should the Stine ban
be incapable of furnishing it.”
\Vc had thought the gold humbug was aria
end, now the elections are over. »\Ve were mi
taken. Tl.e agrarian principles of the Kiteh
Cabinet, could not make the surrender; and
old man goes on piling fallacy upon fallacy
the end of this very long message, for what spe-
cific purpose—_-if it be not an electioneeriug one
—Amos Kendall only knows.
FOREIGN I.\"rr:i.i.1cr:Ncic.—’I‘here have b
two or three arrivals at New York, from
rope, within the past week, which bring
counts ofthc success of the arms of Don C:
n Spaiii—oftlic dissolution of the old, and
formation of a new, French nriiiistry—aiid
of like dilliculties in the Spanish Cabinet
fresh iiianifestations of Bourbon feeling and
bition in Louis Philippe, who is erecting st:
to Marie Antoinette, and Louis XIV and 3 '
and reviving the lilies upon his-palacegan
Much confidence is riot placed i
cutchcon.
reported successes of the Carlist arms.
SPAIN.
I/npoi-I'm:/. vii.-lory g'rii7icil by Zzmralm.-arrrg
to/til (lcfcat Q} (-100 d£t'isi0Iis qf I/re Qt
troops.
The following is a correspondent of a
pa per. Due allowance rrrust he rnade_‘fo.
evident partiality 0l'ill()‘\\’1‘llZCI' for the Lar
“You may rely on the following news.
the 27th and 28th of Octollelk Zuulalaca”
attacked two divisions of the Que:-n’s from
the hlaiii between Salvaticrra and Vittor »
After lighting from ‘sunrise to s;iiiis_Ct. ll" _ .
Christine divisions, composed, the l1l'$t Of -
the other of -1000 men, were completely gro ’‘
Gen. O’Doyle the commander of one otgtb
visions, and his brother, were taken prlso
and instantly shot. _The Carltsts took 1
prisoners; 700 Christines were killed, and f‘ .
than 700 wounded. The whole of the aimr
tion and bavgage fell into the hands ot_tlie
tors, along with the colors of the 6th regrni
tli‘.e line and '7 pieces of artillery. The g
palrt of the arms of both divisions were tak
opinion that it ought to be treated as a jest; and
2 §\
thd\Carlists._ The Christines fled in disor
Norwalk Chronicler